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The  Spanish  Archives 
of  New  Mexico 


Compiled  and  chronologically  arranged  with  historical,  genealogical, 

geographical,  and  other  annotations,  by  authority  of 

the  State  of  New  Mexico 


By 

Ralph  Emerson  Twitchell 

Of  the  New  Mexico  Bar 


Volume  One 


THE    TORCH    PRESS 
NINETEEN  FOURTEEN 


COPYRIGHT   1914    BY 
RALPH   EMERSON  TWITCHELL 


«  *  1  I     •      •' 


THE   TORCH    PRESS 

CEDAR    RAPIDS 

IOWA 


J 


33H 

V.  1 


A  TRIBUTE  TO  THE  MEMORY  OF 

40  DANIEL  SAWIN   TWITCHELL,  MY  FATHER 

S  WHOSE  ANCESTOR  IN  AMERICA,  BENJAMIN  TWITCH- 

'^  ELL,  SETTLED  IN  DORCHESTER,  MASSACHUSETTS,  IN 

S  1630,    A  PURITAN   PIONEER,  COTEMPORARY  IN  NEW 

^  WORLD    CIVILIZATION    WITH    THE    SPANISH    CON- 

±i  QUISTADORES  OF  NEW   MEXICO 

ca 

CJ9 


PREFATORY  NOTE 

The  documentary  period  of  New  Mexican  history  be- 
gins with  the  Relacion  of  Alvar  Nunez  Cabeza  de  Vaca, 
who,  with  three  companions,  survivors  of  the  ill-fated 
expedition  under  Don  Pamfilo  Narvaez,  in  1528,  ship- 
wrecked upon  the  coast  of  the  Mexican  Gulf,  traversed 
the  continent,  finally,  in  1538,  meeting  with  other  Span- 
iards in  New  Galicia  near  th«  west  coast  of  Mexico. 
Thereafter  came  the  memorable  journeys  of  the  Francis- 
can f  rayles,  Juan  de  la  Asuncion  and  Marcos  de  Niza,  the 
negro,  Estevan,  who  lost  his  life  at  Zuiii,  the  expedition 
under  Frajicisco  Vasquez  Coronado;  Friar  Agustin 
Ruiz,  with  Chamuscado;  Don  Antonio  de  Espejo;  Cas- 
tano  de  Sosa ;  and  finally,  in  1598,  the  first  colonizer  in 
the  United  States  of  today,  Don  Juan  de  Oiiate,  who 
located  his  first  capital  at  San  Gabriel,  near  the  junction 
of  the  Rio  Chama  with  the  Rio  Grande,  in  the  county 
of  Rio  Arriba,  New  Mexico. 

The  Spanish  archives  of  New  Mexico,  however,  do 
not  contain  any  record  of  the  events  of  the  explorations 
of  the  last  half  of  the  sixteenth  century,  nor  are  there 
any  connected  with  the  first  settlement  under  Onate. 
The  earliest  is  one  of  the  year  1621,  a  translation  of 
which  is  given  together  with  a  photographic  reproduc- 
tion. All  of  the  earlier  archives  at  Santa  Fe,  with  this 
exception  and  two  others,  were  destroyed  by  the  Indians 
in  the  Pueblo  Rebellion  of  1680.  The  Spaniards,  in 
August  of  that  year,  under  the  governor  and  captain- 


viii   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

general,  Don  Antonio  de  Otermin,  were  forced  to  evac- 
uate the  capital  after  a  siege  continuing  five  days,  re- 
tiring to  Paso  del  Norte,  which  became  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment and  military  operations  of  the  Province  until 
the  re-conquest  under  General  Don  Diego  de  Vargas 
Zapata  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon  in  1692-94. 

The  Spanish  archives  of  this  State  have  been  a  sub- 
ject of  enduring  interest  ever  since  the  occupation  of 
New  Mexico  by  American  troops  in  1846.  From  the 
time  of  the  re-conquest  until  the  American  Occupation 
period  the  archives  were  well  cared  for  by  the  Spanish 
and  Mexican  authorities. 

The  Spanish  and  Mexican  governments  were  ex- 
tremely zealous  in  the  administration  of  the  regulations 
governing  their  custody  and  care.  At  the  time  of  the 
Occupation  these  archives  were  in  the  charge  of  Don 
Donaciano  Vigil,  who  had  been  the  sole  custodian,  dur- 
ing many  administrations,  since  1824. 

On  the  22d  of  September,  1846,  Vigil  was  appointed 
secretary  of  New  Mexico  and  ex-officio  recorder  of  land 
titles  and  custodian  of  the  archives,  by  General  Stephen 
W.  Kearny.  In  1847,  after  the  assassination  of  Govern- 
or Charles  Bent,  he  succeeded  to  the  civil  governorship 
but  continued  as  official  custodian  until  New  Mexico  be- 
came a  Territory  of  the  United  States  in  1851. 

A  recital  of  the  historical  events  in  connection  with 
the  custody  of  these  documents  will  be  of  interest.  It 
is  recorded  that  no  sooner  had  the  Americans  assumed 
control  than  reports  were  forwarded  to  the  authorities 
at  Washington,  declaring  that  the  "prefect  at  Paso  del 
Norte  has  for  the  last  few  months  been  very  active  in 
disposing  (for  his  own  benefit)  of  all  lands  in  that  vi- 


PREFATORY  NOTE  ix 

cinity  that  are  valuable,  ante-dsitmg  the  title  to  such 
purchases."  Thus  early  was  the  taint  of  fraud  given 
to  archives,  the  value  of  which  was  so  little  appreciated 
by  the  soldiers  of  the  American  army  that  during  the 
occupation  of  Paso  del  Norte  by  Colonel  Doniphan's 
troops,  they,  in  considerable  quantity,  were  thrown  into 
the  street  to  make  room  for  office  headquarters  and 
burned. 

Professor  J.  H.  Vaughan,  A  Preliminary  Report  on 
the  Archives  of  Neiv  Mexico,  Appendix  "C,"  Report, 
American  Historical  Association,  1908,  p.  471,  has 
fallen  into  error  where  he  states  that ' '  The  Federal  au- 
thorities then  in  control  allowed  the  documents  to  re- 
main in  the  custody  of  the  Territorial  authorities,  and 
this  custody  continued  to  be  exercised  without  question 
until  1903. ' '  On  the  contrary,  the  general  government, 
almost  immediatelv  after  the  Territorv  of  New  Mexico 
was  created,  took  steps  for  their  preservation.  He  also 
errs  in  his  conclusion  that  "There  is  no  question  that 
many  of  the  more  important  papers  relating  to,  or  bear- 
ing directly  on,  the  question  of  land  titles  in  the  Terri- 
tory were  borrowed  from  the  general  stock  and  were  not 
returned,"  for,  in  truth,  after  the  segregation  by  Sur- 
veyor-General Pelliam,  the  number  of  archives  relative 
to  land  titles  was  materially  augmented  by  the  filing  of 
title  papers  in  his  office  by  land  owners. 

Pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  Congress  of 
July  22,  1854  {10  Stats.,  p.  309),  under  which  was  cre- 
ated the  office  of  surveyor-general  of  New  Mexico,  the 
first  appointee,  William  Pelham,  was  instructed,  upon 
his  arrival  at  Santa  Fe,  to  make  application  to  the  gov- 
ernor (Merriwether)  for  "such  of  the  archives  as  re- 


X       THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

late  to  grants  of  land  by  the  former  authorities  of  the 
country,"  to  see  that  ''they  are  kept  in  a  place  of  se- 
curity from  fire,  or  other  accidents,  and  that  access  is 
allowed  only  to  land-owners  who  may  find  it  necessary 
to  refer  to  their  title  records,"  and  such  references 
''must  be  made  under  your  eye  or  that  of  a  sworn  em- 
ploye of  the  government. ' ' 

The  surveyor-general  was  also  instructed  to  prepare, 
in  duplicate,  from  the  archives,  or  authoritative  sources, 
a  document  exhibiting  the  names  of  all  the  officers  of  the 
Territory  who  held  the  power  of  distributing  land  from 
the  earliest  settlement  of  the  Territory  until  the  change 
of  government,  indicating  the  several  periods  of  their 
incumbency ;  the  nature  and  extent  of  their  powers  con- 
cerning lands ;  whether,  and  to  what  extent,  and  under 
what  conditions  and  Imiitations,  authority  existed  in 
the  governors  or  political  chiefs  to  distribute  the  public 
domain;  whether,  in  any  class  of  cases,  they  had  the 
power  to  make  an  absolute  grant;  and  if  so,  for  what 
maximum  in  area ;  or  whether  subject  to  the  affirmance 
of  the  department  or  supreme  government ;  whether  the 
Spanish  surveying  system  was  in  operation,  and  since 
what  period  in  the  country,  and  under  what  organiza- 
tion ;  also,  with  verified  copies  of  the  original,  and  trans- 
lations of  the  laws  and  decrees  of  the  Mexican  Repub- 
lic, and  regulations  which  may  have  been  adopted  by  the 
general  government  of  that  republic  for  the  disposal  of 
the  public  lands  in  New  Mexico. 

Mindful  of  the  rights  of  the  Pueblo  Indians  of  New 
Mexico,  he  was  instructed  to  collect  data  from  the  rec- 
ords and  other  authentic  sources  relative  to  these  Pu- 
eblos, so  that  Congress  would  understand  the  matter 


PREFATORY  NOTE  xi 

fully  and  be  able  to  legislate  in  such  a  manner  as  would 
do  ''justice  to  all  concerned." 

In  accordance  with  his  instructions,  the  surveyor-gen- 
eral made  application  to  Governor  Merriwether  for 
such  of  the  archives  as  related  to  grants  of  land  by  the 
former  authorities  of  the  country.  The  governor  de- 
clined to  act,  saying  that  "their  selection  from  the  large 
amount  of  papers  composing  the  public  archives  of  the 
Territory  would  involve  an  immense  amount  of  labor 
and  a  heavy  expenditure  which  he  was  not  authorized 
to  incur." 

Governor  Merriwether,  however,  graciously  permit- 
ted the  surveyor-general  "to  remove  the  packages  con- 
taining such  papers  as  related  to  the  grants  of  land  in 
the  country  from  their  deposit  and  examine  them  in  my 
own  office;  whereupon  I  immediately  assigned  two  of 
my  clerks  to  separate  them.  On  the  last  day  of  July 
(1855)  this  difficult  duty  was  accomplished,  and  from 
one  hundred  and  sixty-eight  packages,  averaging  one 
hundred  and  sixty-eight  thousand  papers,  of  every  na- 
ture and  description  imaginable,  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  fifteen  grants,  conveyances  of  land,  and 
other  documents  referring  to  claims  to  land,  have  been 
selected,  and  are  now  being  arranged  and  classified  in 
a  systematical  form  in  this  office.  It  will,  however,  be 
impossible  to  have  them  properly  and  substantially 
bound,  as  required  by  your  instructions,  on  account  of 
the  different  shapes  and  forms  in  which  they  are  to  be 
found  —  some  existing  on  large  sheets  of  foolscap  pa- 
per, while  others  are  to  be  found  on  half -sheets,  and 
others  again,  on  scraps  of  paper  which  can  never  be 
bound  in  any  convenient  form. ' ' 


xii     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Immediately  the  surveyor-general  began  the  perform- 
ance of  his  duties,  but,  as  appears  from  the  report  of  the 
commissioner  of  the  general  land  ofi&ce,  the  people  of 
New  Mexico  were  averse  to  responding  to  the  call  of  the 
surveyor-general  to  produce  their  title  papers  to  lands 
in  the  Territory,  "some  for  fear  of  losing  the  evidence 
of  their  titles,  inspired,  it  is  supposed,  by  designing  in- 
dividuals." 

"In  many  instances,"  says  the  commissioner,  "the 
Pueblo  Indians  have  been  deterred  from  filing  their  title 
papers  with  the  surveyor-general,  in  the  apprehension 
they  would  never  again  get  possession  of  them. 

"Others,  conscious  of  an  indisputable  possessory 
right  of  landed  estates,  feel  perfectly  secure  on  the  sub- 
ject and  do  not  care  to  exhibit,  much  less  file,  their  title 
papers,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  surveyor-gen- 
eral to  report  upon  the  claims  to  Congress  for  confirma- 
tion under  the  Act  of  July  22, 1854." 

Pelham  continued  as  surveyor-general  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  when  he  endeavored  to 
make  his  escape  from  New  Mexico  in  company  with  the 
army  of  Confederate  invaders  under  the  command  of 
General  H.  H.  Sibley,  but  was  captured  by  General  Can- 
by  near  Alburquerque  at  the  time  of  the  inglorious  re- 
treat of  the  Texans  in  1862. 

Thereafter  and  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century 
the  surveyor-general's  office  was  engaged  in  the  investi- 
gation of  these  private  land  claims,  during  which  time, 
up  to  and  including  the  year  1880,  according  to  the  re- 
port of  the  secretary  of  the  interior,  "after  a  lapse  of 
nearly  thirty  years,  more  than  one  thousand  claims  have 
been  filed  with  the  surveyor-general,  of  which  less  than 


PREFATORY  NOTE  xiii 

one  hundred  and  fifty  have  been  reported  to  Congress, 
and  of  the  number  so  reported,  Congress  has  finally 
acted  upon  seventy-one.  The  construction  of  railroads 
through  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  and  the  consequent 
influx  of  population  in  those  Territories,  render  it  im- 
peratively necessary  that  these  claims  should  be  finally 
settled  with  the  least  possible  delay.  I  have,  therefore, 
the  honor  to  recommend  that  the  attention  of  Congress 
be  called  especially  to  the  subject,  with  a  view  to  secur- 
ing action  upon  the  claims  pending  before  it,  and  upon 
the  pending  bill  providing  for  the  settlement  of  the  re- 
maining claims. 

''On  June  30,  1880,  patents  had  been  issued  by  the 
government  for  4,456,158.43  acres  of  private  land  claims 
in  New  Mexico  and  Colorado ;  the  largest  grant  for  1,- 
714,764.94  acres,  and  the  smallest  for  1,720  acres. 

"There  were  on  the  above  mentioned  date  forty-six 
claims  for  private  land  grants  in  New  Mexico  and  Col- 
orado, containing  an  area  of  4,675,173.57  acres  pending 
in  the  general  land  office  for  patents,  and  on  that  date 
there  were  pending  sixty  private  land  claims  in  the 
same  area  for  confirmation  by  Congress,  embracing  an 
area,  so  far  as  the  same  has  been  surveyed,  of  4,294,627.- 
475  acres. 

"This  condition  of  affairs  continued  until  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Court  of  Private  Land  Claims  in  1891, 
which  court  began  its  official  functions  by  a  formal  or- 
ganization at  Denver,  Colorado,  July  1, 1891,  and  ceased, 
by  operation  of  law,  June  30,  1904." 

During  the  thirty-seven  years  of  investigations  of 
these  private  land  claims  by  the  several  surveyors-gen- 
eral, lawyers  and  other  interested  persons  became  en- 


xiv    THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

tirely  familiar  with  the  documents  in  the  office  of  the 
surveyor-general.  Much  testimony  was  taken  by  that 
official,  the  major  portion  of  which  is  of  more  than 
ordinary  historical  importance.  Translations  of  these 
archives  were  made  by  a  succession  of  official  translat- 
ors, notably  Whiting,  MiUer,  Ellison,  Key,  and  Vigil, 
and  during  the  existence  of  the  court  of  private  land 
claims  by  Flipper,  Tipton,  Chacon,  and  others,  the 
work  of  all  of  whom  has  been  used  in  this  compilation. 
Not  one  of  these  documents  has  ever  been  mislaid  or 
tampered  with  while  in  the  custody  of  the  representa- 
tives of  the  Department  of  the  Interior. 

These  archives  are  by  far  the  most  valuable  and  in- 
teresting of  any  in  the  Southwest,  not  excepting  those 
of  California.  Here  we  find  reflected  the  home  and  busi- 
ness life  of  the  early  settlers.  In  the  expedientes,  testi- 
monios,  and  other  papers,  numbers  of  which  have  been 
translated  and  given  in  full,  are  disclosed  the  pride  of 
ancestral  achievement  in  the  conquest  and  pacification 
of  the  country;  recitals  of  Indian  campaigns,  usages, 
methods  of  defense,  the  erection  of  forts  and  towers  in 
exposed  localities  on  the  Indian  frontiers;  customs, 
civil  and  military;  names  of  officers  in  all  branches  of 
the  service ;  the  respectful  regard  for  the  rights  of  the 
Pueblo  Indians  relative  to  their  land  holdings;  the  ef- 
forts to  win  over  the  hostile  tribes  and  convert  them  to 
the  Catholic  faith;  the  deference  for  the  ecclesiastics; 
official  admonitions;  wills  and  testaments,  slaves  and 
slavery,  laws  and  customs,  forms  of  official  procedure, 
census  returns ;  in  fine,  almost  everything  necessary  for 
a  study  of  the  lives,  manners,  routine,  dress,  and  daily 
occupations  of  the  people  during  a  period  of  more  than 


PREFATORY  NOTE  xv 

two  centuries.  The  will  of  General  De  Vargas  ex- 
emplifies in  many  ways  the  picture  of  official  life  at 
Santa  Fe ;  the  manners  of  dress,  the  home  life,  the  use 
of  elaborate  plate,  the  wearing  of  resplendent  jewelry, 
the  affection  bestowed  upon  his  intimates,  all  are  found 
in  this  notable  document. 

Those  archives  which,  in  1854,  remained  in  the  cus- 
tody of  Governor  Merriwether,  became  a  part  of  the  of- 
ficial records  of  the  executive  office.  On  February  4, 
1854,  the  Territorial  Assembly  memorialized  Congress, 
reciting  that  the  archives  were  in  a  ruined  condition, 
dociunents  of  great  importance  being  exposed  and  in 
danger  of  complete  destruction ;  that  the  Territory  was 
without  means  to  care  for  them  properly,  and  asking  for 
an  appropriation  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars  for  their 
care  and  translation  into  the  English  language.  Con- 
gress did  nothing.  Even  the  Palace  of  the  Governors 
was,  at  that  time,  in  such  poor  repair,  according  to  the 
governor,  that  it  was  no  fit  place  for  the  sessions  of  the 
Assembly.  During  successive  administrations  recom- 
mendations were  made  to  the  Territorial  legislatures  for 
appropriations  for  the  care  of  these  important  docu-^ 
ments.  Meanwhile  many  of  them  disappeared,  and  dur- 
ing the  administration  of  Governor  Pyle,  it  is  said, 
many  were  carried  off.  In  a  measure  this  is  true,  but 
they  were  not  destroyed,  as  nearly  all  of  them  found 
their  way  into  private  collections  at  Santa  Fe  and  else- 
where. 

In  1891-2,  during  the  administration  of  Governor  L. 
Bradford  Prince,  the  Legislative  Assembly  authorized 
the  expenditure  of  two  thousand  four  hundred  dollars 
for   cataloguing,    numbering,   indexing,   binding,  and 


xvi    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

translating  these  archives,  and  the  governor  was  em- 
powered to  contract  with  some  competent  person  for 
the  work,  "it  being  understood  that  only  such  docu- 
ments as  contained  matters  of  historical  interest  to 
New  Mexico  shall  be  required  to  be  translated,  and  that 
the  person  with  whom  such  contract  shall  be  made  shall 
also  make  clean  copies  of  said  documents  as  he  may 
translate,  with  proper  indexes  to  both  Spanish  and 
English,  so  as  to  prepare  the  same  for  publication  as 
historical  documents ;  such  dociunents  shall  also  be  ar- 
ranged chronologically. ' ' 

Mr.  Ad.  F.  Bandelier  was  employed  by  the  govern- 
or for  the  purpose.  All  that  the  Territory  ever  re- 
ceived for  the  money  paid  to  Mr.  Bandelier  was  a 
"list"  of  1074  archives,  chronologically  arranged,  a 
copy  of  which  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Historical 
Society  of  New  Mexico,  and  which  has  been  used  in  this 
compilation.  If  any  translations  were  made  they  were 
never  filed  with  the  Territorial  authorities,  or,  if  filed, 
have  entirely  disappeared.  No  index  was  ever  made 
and  no  copies  have  ever  been  preserved. 

Narrowly  escaping  destruction  by  fire  when  the  first 
capitol  was  burned  in  1892,  the  archives  were  placed  in 
the  custody  of  the  secretary  of  the  Territory.  Numbers 
of  them  were  used  in  the  trial  of  cases  before  the  court 
of  private  land  claims. 

During  the  last  year  of  the  administration  of  Gover- 
nor Miguel  A.  Otero  they  were  removed,  by  order  of 
the  general  government,  to  Washington  and  placed  in 
the  Library  of  Congress.  A  full  statement  of  how  this 
removal  was  arbitrarily  accomplished  is  contained  in 
Professor   Vaughan's   monograph,   where   he   states: 


PREFATORY  NOTE  xvii 

''After  the  completion  of  the  present  Territorial  capi- 
tol,  in  1900,  and  the  removal  of  the  Territorial  offices 
from  the  Old  Palace  to  the  capitol  building,  these  old 
documents  were  transferred  to  the  office  of  the  Terri- 
torial Secretary  and  stored  in  the  vault  adjoining  the 
office.  Here  they  were  arranged,  roughly,  in  the  order 
of  their  dates,  were  tied  in  packages,  and  stored  as  care- 
fully as  was  possible  on  the  shelving  in  a  vault  avail- 
able for  that  purpose.  In  1901,  however,  it  was  clearly 
seen  that  these  documents,  which  occupied  nearly  all 
the  shelf  space  on  one  side  of  the  vault,  would  have  to 
be  removed  in  order  to  make  room  for  the  current 
records  of  the  office,  the  volume  of  which  was  constant- 
ly and  rapidly  increasing. 

''About  this  time  correspondence  was  being  received 
from  the  authorities  at  Washington,  particularly  from 
the  librarian  of  Congress,  asking  that  these  Spanish 
and  Mexican  archives  be  transferred  to  the  Library  of 
Congress  at  Washington,  where  they  would  be  stored 
in  a  manner  absolutely  safe;  also  classified,  indexed, 
and  translated  by  persons  trained  in  this  line  of  work, 
and  without  expense  to  the  Territory.  Recommenda- 
tions to  this  effect  were  made  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Territory  in  1899,  1901,  and  1903 ;  and  the  governor, 
in  his  message  to  the  Legislative  Assembly,  called  the  at- 
tention of  that  body  to  the  circumstances  on  at  least  one 
occasion.  No  action  of  any  kind  was  taken  or  even 
considered  until  1903.  During  the  winter  of  that  year 
the  librarian  of  Congress  was  a  visitor  in  Santa  Fe,  in 
the  month  of  February,  and  discussed  the  matter  with 
the  members  of  the  Legislature  and  the  Territorial  of- 
ficials.    The  result  of  this  discussion  was  the  drafting 


xviii  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

of  an  act  which  provided  for  the  transfer  of  these  docu- 
ments to  the  Library  of  Congress,  which,  through  the 
librarian,  entered  into  certain  stipulations,  as  to  the 
preservation,  classification,  and  indexing  of  the  docu- 
ments free  of  charge  to  the  Territory.  Through  the 
intervention  of  certain  persons  this  act  was  amended 
after  its  introduction  so  as  to  stipulate  that  all  of  the 
archives  found  to  relate  to  land  titles  or  to  local  and 
personal  matter,  and  not  of  great  historic  importance, 
should  be  returned  within  one  year,  and  that  all  the  re- 
mainder of  said  archives,  upon  being  properly  analyzed 
and  classified,  should  within  five  years  of  their  recep- 
tion at  Washington  be  returned  to  New  Mexico.  The 
result  was  that  when  the  act  was  finally  passed,  as 
amended,  the  authorities  at  Washington  refused  to  en- 
ter into  the  stipulations  as  provided  for  in  said  act 
(chap.  102,  Laws  of  1903). 

"The  negotiations  of  the  Library  of  Congress  had 
failed  to  secure  the  records;  but  the  incident  was  not 
closed.  The  authorities  at  Washington  held  that  these 
archives  were,  always  had  been,  subject  to  the  control 
and  supervision  of  the  federal  government.  Acting  on 
this  assumption,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  April 
29,  1903,  directed  the  governor  of  New  Mexico  to  for- 
ward the  archives  to  the  Interior  Department.  They 
were  accordingly  expressed  from  Santa  Fe  to  the  de- 
partment May  9,  1903.  Here  they  were  unmediately 
turned  over  to  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  and  were 
held  to  be  the  property  of  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment, the  control  of  them  in  the  Secretarv  of  the  In- 
terior. 

"The  authoritv  of  the  Secretarv  of  the  Interior  to 


PREFATORY  NOTE  xix 

turn  these  records  over  to  the  Library  of  Congress  was 
alleged  to  be  found  in  the  following  Act  of  Congress, 
approved  February  25,  1903 : 

' '  '  The  head  of  any  executive  department  or  bureau 
or  any  commission  of  the  Government  is  hereby  au- 
thorized, from  time  to  time,  to  turn  over  to  the  Li- 
brarian of  Congress,  for  the  use  of  the  Library  of 
Congress,  any  books,  maps  or  other  material  in  the 
library  of  the  department,  bureau  or  commission  no 
longer  needed  for  its  use,  and  in  the  judgment  of  the 
Librarian  of  Congress  appropriate  to  the  uses  of  the 
Library  of  Congress. '  ' ' 

In  this  manner  were  these  archives  taken  away  from 
the  custody  of  the  Territorial  officials.  It  seems  to 
have  required  an  Act  of  Congress  to  accomplish  the 
deed.  Had  such  a  course  been  pursued  in  dealing  with 
any  other  Territory,  such  opposition  would  have  been 
raised  that  no  Act  of  Congress  could  have  been  passed. 
No  such  course  was  pursued  with  California  or  any 
other  Territory  of  the  United  States.  Legally,  the  gov- 
ernment had  the  right  to  assert  its  ownership  and  con- 
trol over  these  documents,  but  morally,  it  was  an  act 
which  is  justified  only  by  the  very  excellent  work  which 
has  been  accomplished  by  the  Librarian  of  Congress 
since  they  have  been  in  his  custody. 

This  great  collection  has  been  stored  in  the  Manu- 
scripts Division  of  the  Library  of  Congress.  They  con- 
sist, approximately,  of  20,000  documents,  10,000  in 
manuscript  containing  from  1  to  200  folios,  and  10,000 
printed,  mostly  of  1  to  4  folios.  Since  they  have  been 
in  Washington  they  have  all  been  arranged  chronolog- 
ically; the  sheets  have  been  cleansed,  pressed  free  of 
creases,  and  stored  flat;  the  manuscripts  are  in  180 


XX     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

lialf -leather  portfolios;  the  printed  material  has  been, 
in  part,  repaired,  mounted,  and  bound  in  half -morocco 
folio  volmnes.  The  unmounted  portion  is  stored  flat 
in  manila  jackets. 

A  calendar,  in  English,  is  being  prepared,  with  an  in- 
dex. This  now  includes  the  year  1823.  In  this  com- 
pilation  this  calendar  has  been  employed,  not  using  the 
numbers  exactly  as  they  have  been  given  by  the  Libra- 
rian. It  is  stated  that  these  archives,  of  enormous  impor- 
tance to  the  people  of  New  Mexico,  will  eventually  be  re- 
stored to  the  State.  Of  course  this  is  possible  but,  con- 
sidering the  efforts  which  were  successfully  made  in  se- 
curing them  for  the  Library  of  Congress,  such  action  on 
the  part  of  the  general  government,  even  at  the  request 
of  a  sovereign  State,  is  highly  improbable.  New  Mexi- 
cans can  congratulate  themselves  that  the  records  of  the 
court  of  private  land  claims  were  permitted  to  remain 
in  the  custody  of  the  surveyor-general.  It  is  of 
prime  importance  that  the  State  have  copies  of  all  the 
archives  at  Washington;  it  is  also  essential  that  those 
in  the  office  of  the  surveyor-general  be  handled  more 
carefully  when  examined  by  attorneys  in  courts  or  in 
his  office.  The  same  sort  of  treatment  should  be  ac- 
corded those  as  has  been  given  the  archives  at  Wash- 
ington, and  photostat  copies  should  be  made  of  both 
collections. 

The  Autos  of  Don  Antonio  de  Otermin,  governor  and 
captain-general,  and  the  Disculpa  of  Alonzo  Garcia, 
lieutenant-general,  translations  of  which  are  given,  con- 
sist of  the  record  of  events  transpiring  at  the  time  of  the 
Pueblo  Rebellion  which  have  been  available  for  this  pub- 
lication.    There  are  still  other  Autos  of  Otermin  in  the 


PREFATORY  NOTE  xxi 

archives  at  the  City  of  Mexico,  but  the  unfortunate 
course  of  events  occurring  in  Mexico  during  the  past 
few  years  has  made  it  impossible  to  secure  copies  or 
translations.  Those  appearing  here,  so  far  as  the  writer 
knows,  have  not  heretofore  been  published  in  the  Eng- 
lish language. 

The  statement  of  the  private  land  claims  investigated 
by  the  surveyor-general  of  New  Mexico  is  complete,  as 
is  also  that  of  the  cases  finally  disposed  of  in  the  court 
of  private  land  claims. 

This  compilation  has  been  undertaken  with  the  view 
of  furnishing  information  promptly  and  accurately  to 
those  most  interested  —  the  people  of  New  Mexico.  The 
cost  of  publication  has  been  borne  in  part  by  the 
State.  It  will  be  noticed  that  in  some  instances  the 
titles  are  given  in  the  Spanish  language.  These,  how- 
ever, are  in  the  main  translated  and  the  contents  of 
each  archive,  so  far  as  is  indicated  by  the  title,  are  sug- 
gested to  the  reader.  This  portion  of  the  catalogue, 
with  some  changes  and  other  modifications,  is  taken 
from  the  "list"  prepared  by  Mr.  Bandelier.  The 
method  being  somewhat  unscientific  when  compared 
with  the  work  performed  under  the  direction  of  the 
librarian  of  Congress,  which  is  most  thorough,  and  the 
compiler  lacking  in  that  peculiar  training  and  pre- 
paredness demanded  by  the  rules  governing  this  class 
of  composition,  the  want  of  suitable  intellectual  equip- 
ment is  apt  to  provoke  unfavorable  comment  from 
some  scholastic  Pharisee. 

Comment  and  criticism  of  this  sort,  however,  coming 
as  they  usually  do  from  persons  whose  range  of  vision 
is  limited  to  the  four  walls  of  a  university  quadrangle. 


xxii  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OP  NEW  MEXICO 

are  harmless.  They  serve  to  enlarge  the  layman's  con- 
tempt for  some  methods  of  educational  training  and  ad- 
ministration. 

The  reading  public,  however,  men  actively  engaged 
in  the  affairs  of  the  day,  have  learned  to  expect  noth- 
ing but  criticism  from  such  sources,  and  its  value  is  es- 
timated accoi'dingly.  These  critics  are  paid  for  such 
service  and,  needs  be,  future  employment  must  find 
apology.  There  are  pleasurable  exceptions,  but  the 
rule  generally  discloses  composition  from  such  sources 
so  hypercritical,  so  self -assuring,  so  devoid  of  the  or- 
dinary elements  of  human  interest,  that  it  attracts 
hardly  passing  notice.  The  American  reading  public 
demands  a  popular  style  of  treatment,  combined  with 
accuracy  of  statement,  from  whatever  source  obtained. 
The  so-called  scientific  class,  with  some  exceptions,  us- 
ually reveals  unopened  leaves  and  a  final  resting  place 
in  the  literary  scrap-heap. 

Notwithstanding  the  prospect  of  provoking  such 
criticism,  this  work  has  been  arranged  with  the  view 
of  demonstrating  that  even  a  catalogue  may  be  made 
interesting  as  well  as  profitable  reading.  To  be  sure 
no  "discoveries"  are  claimed  and  no  missing  manu- 
scripts have  been  "recovered,"  the  right  of  discovery 
having  been  exclusively  reserved  to  some,  who  for  the 
sake  of  being  classified  among  the  "Who's  Who"  of 
scholastic  recognition,  make  occasional  contributions  — 
a  term  of  scientific  significance  —  to  periodicals,  ve- 
hicles for  the  publication  of  monographs  devoted  to 
historical  research. 

The  thanks  of  the  writer  are  tendered  to  the  libra- 
rian of  Congress  for  courtesies  extended ;  to  Francis  C. 


PEEFATORY  NOTE  xxiii 

Wilson,  Esq.,  of  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico,  for  the  use  of 
notes  relative  to  the  land  tenures  of  the  Pueblo  Indians 
prepared  by  Mr.  Will  M.  Tipton ;  to  Miss  Florence  P. 
Spofford,  of  Washington,  D.  C. ;  and  to  the  many 
friends  in  New  Mexico  who  have  permitted  the  use  of 
old  documents  and  papers  not  in  the  archives,  from 
which  the  genealogy  of  some  of  our  leading  New  Mex- 
ican families  has  been  established. 

Ealph  Emekson  Twitchell 

Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico 
January  2,  1914 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

El  Palacio  Real,  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico     .        .        Frontispiece 

Duke  op  Alburquerque 8 

16 
33 
49 
64 


Oldest  Archive  in  Office  of  Surveyor-General 
Inscription  on  El  Morro  by  General  De  Vargas 
Inscription  on  El  Morro  by  Captain  Juan  de  Ulibarri 
Coat  of  Arms  of  General  de  Vargas 
Facsimiles  of  Signatures  of  Governors  and  Captains-General  96 
Don  Fernando  de  Alencastre  Norona  y  Silva,  Duke  of  Lin- 
ares   128 

Don  Baltazar  de  Zuniga,  Marques  de  Valero,  Duke  of  Arion  160 
Facsimiles  of  Signatures  of  Governors  of  New  Mexico  .  192 
Facsimiles  of  Signatues  op  General  De  Vargas  and  Captains  224 
Don  Juan  de  Acuna,  Marques  de  Casa  Fuerte        .        .        256 

Urrutia's  Map  op  Santa  Fe 289 

Don  Juan  Antonio  de  Vkarron  y  Eguiarreta        .        .        320 

Don  Pedro  de  Castro  Figueroa 384 

Facsimiles  of  Distinguished  New  Mexicans    .        .        .        416 
Facsimiles  of  Signatures  of  Governors  and  Captains-Gener- 
al        432 

Facsimiles  of  Signatures  op  Distinguished  New  Mexicans  448 
Facsimiles  of  Signatures  op  Governors  of  New  Mexico  .  464 
Facsimiles  of  Signatures  of  Governors  op  New  Mexico  480 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

IN  THE  OFFICE  OF  THE  SURVEYOR-GENERAL 
SANTA  FE.  NEW  MEXICO 

1  PEDRO  DE  ABALOS.  March  26,  1685.  Town  of 
Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadalupe  de  El  Paso.  Before  Don 
Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate,  Governor  and  Cap- 
tain-General. 

Registration  of  a  mine,  situate  forty-five  leagues  from 
the  said  town  in  the  Httle  mountain  called  Fray  Cristobal. 
Name  of  mine;  Nuestra  Senora  del  Pilar  de  Zaragoza. 

Pedro  de  Abalos  was  a  soldier  of  the  garrison  at  the 
El  Paso  presidio  at  the  time  of  the  registry  of  this  mine. 
The  property  was  discovered  while  on  the  campaign  north 
with  Cruzate  for  the  recovery  of  the  Province.  He  gave 
one-half  of  the  mine  to  Alonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar;  a  part 
to  his  brother,  Antonio  de  Abalos,  who  was  also  a  soldier 
of  the  garrison;  also  a  part  to  Captain  Juan  Garcia  de 
Noriega.  Alonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar  was  also  a  captain, 
married,  and  with  his  wife  and  children  was  living  at 
Paso  del  Norte  at  the  time  of  this  registration. 

On  the  retreat  from  Santa  Fe,  in  1680,  it  was  at  Fray 
Cristobal  that  a  junta  de  guerra  was  begun  for  the  con- 
sideration of  the  question  of  an  immediate  return  to  the 
Villa  of  Santa  Fe,  and  an  attempt  made  to  drive  out  the 
victorious  apostates.  The  safety  of  the  women  and  chil- 
dren having  been  provided  for,  Otermin  assembled  the 
members  of  the  cahildo  of  Santa  Fe,  the  frayles,  military 
officers,  and  prominent  Spaniards  who  had  made  their 
escape.  Fray  Ayeta  attended  the  junta  and  represented 
the  entire  body  of  Religious;  he  made  offers  of  assistance 
in  the  way  of  provisions  if  the  re-conquest  was  under- 
taken. One  of  the  officers  who  addressed  the  junta  was 
Captain  Thome  Dominguez,  who  advised  the  acceptance 
of  the  offer  made  by  the  custodio,  Fr.  Ayeta.  The  strong- 
est opponents  to  a  return,  at  that  time,  were  Francisco 
Gomez  Robledo,  Alonzo  Garcia,  and  Pedro  Duran  y 
Chaves.  The  cahildo  of  Santa  Fe  took  sides  with  the 
last  named,  as  did  also  the  Captains  Pedro  Marquez  and 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Sebastian  de  Herrera.  Governor  Otermin  agreed  with 
the  cahildo,  and  on  October  5  made  announcement  of  his 
decision.  The  junta  which  brought  about  this  final  de- 
termination was  concluded  when  within  a  few  leagues  of 
Paso  del  Norte. 

All  three  of  the  individuals  signing  this  archive  came 
north  with  General  De  Vargas  twelve  years  later. 

The  mine  was  probably  situate  somewhere  west  of  the 
present  town  of  Engle,  Sierra  county,  New  Mexico. 

Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate  was  named 
governor  and  captain-general  of  the  province  of  New 
Mexico,  referred  to  in  all  his  autos  and  other  official  docu- 
ments as  "Reino"  (kingdom),  in  the  year  1682,  succeed- 
ing Don  Antonio  de  Otermfn.  Carlos  II  sent  him  as 
visitador  to  the  Leeward  Islands.  He  was  prominent  in 
the  wars  with  Portugal.  A  copy  of  his  commission  appears 
later  in  this  volume.  He  had  been  alcalde  of  Mestitlan 
when  appointed  governor  of  New  Mexico.  He  endeavored 
to  regain  the  province,  but  failed. 

Bancroft  says  that  he  was  succeeded  by  General  Pedro 
Reneros  de  Posada.  See  archives  in  office  of  the  surveyor- 
general  for  New  Mexico,  Files  R.  A.,  R.  B.,  and  R.  C, 
from  which  it  will  be  seen  that  as  late  as  September  25, 
1689,  he  was  making  grants  of  land  to  the  pueblos  of 
San  Juan,  Jemez,  Pecos,  and  others.  These  archives,  in 
my  judgment,  are  spurious.  Don  Pedro  Ortiz  Niiio  La- 
dron  de  Guevarra  was  his  secretary  of  government 
and  war  at  the  time.  In  1688,  Reneros  de  Posada 
was  a  general  under  Cruzate  and  may  have  been  a  gov- 
ernor and  captain-general  ad  interim.  He  was  in  a  cam- 
paign against  the  apostates  as  far  north  as  the  pueblo  of 
Cia.  See  affidavit  of  Bartolome  de  Ojeda,  Indian  of  Zia, 
where  this  fact  appears.  Archive  File  R,  No.  A,  S.  G.  0. 
Escalante  says  so,  also.  Governor  Cruzate  joins  with 
Ojeda  in  making  this  affidavit,  and  in  it  the  ''affair"  at 
Zia  is  mentioned. 

Bancroft  and  all  the  rest  err  as  to  the  date  of  the  ap- 
pointment of  Governor  Cruzate.  He  was  appointed  on 
or  prior  to  the  20th  day  of  August,  1682.  See  archive 
1134,  which  I  give  in  full  as  being  of  sufficient  import- 
ance, thereby  settling  the  conflicting  statements  of  his- 
torical writers: 

"ONE  REAL.  Third  Seal.  ONE  REAL.  Years  one 
thousand  six  hundred  and  seventy-nine  and  eighty. 
(STAMP) -(STAMP) 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO       3 

"I,  Thomas  Lorenzo  Manuel  Manrique  de  la  Cerda 
Henrique  Afan  de  Rivera  Porto  Arro  and  Cardena,  conde 
de  Paredes,  Marques  de  la  Laguna,  knight  commander  of 
Moraleja  in  the  Order  and  Knighthood  of  Alcantara,  at 
the  court  of  His  Majesty,  acting  viceroy  and  governor 
and  captain-general  of  New  Spain,  president  of  the  Royal 
Audiencia  of  the  same,  having  appointed  as  governor  and 
captain-general  of  the  province  of  New  Mexico,  Captain 
Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate  and  having  deter- 
mined in  general  council  that  it  is  necessary  and  proper 
in  view  of  the  authority  I  have  conferred  on  the  said  ap- 
pointee, to  make  distributions  of  land,  that  the  governor 
of  Viscaya  be  notified  thereof,  in  order  that  he  may  con- 
fine himself  to  those  which  pertain  alone  to  his  jurisdic- 
tion, and  to  the  end  that  the  one  and  the  other  may  reci- 
procally enjoy  a  good  understanding,  each  confining  him- 
self within  the  limits  of  his  own  jurisdiction,  having  to  do 
only  with  the  demarcations  of  their  governments,  it  being 
understood  that  the  territory  of  Vizcaya  extends  up  to  the 
river  of  Notnbre  de  Dios,  otherwise  called  Sacramento, 
and  that  thence  the  territory  of  the  government  of  New 
Mexico  begins,  with  which  declaration  all  controversy 
will  cease. 

"I,  therefore,  command  the  said  Captain  Domingo 
Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate  to  notify  and  make  known  this 
decision  to  Bartolome  de  Estrada  of  the  Order  of  Santiago 
and  governor  and  captain-general  of  the  Royal  Province 
of  Nueva  Vizcaya,  so  that,  should  he  have  any  representa- 
tion to  make  he  may  report  to  this  government,  confining 
himself  to  the  Interior;  and  I  direct  said  appointee  that 
he  urge  and  compel  all  Spaniards  who  may  have  fled  from 
El  Paso  and  other  jurisdictions  of  the  Province  of  New 
Mexico  and  who  may  now  be  within  the  territory  of  his 
jurisdiction,  to  return  to  that  place,  he  reporting  to  me 
fully  of  the  execution  of  this  mandate  and  of  whatever 
he  may  deem  proper. 
''Mexico,  August  20,  1682. 

"The  Conde  de  Pakedes  Marques  de  la  Laguna 
[rubric] 
"By  Command  of  His  Excellency: 

"Pedro  Velasquez  de  la  Cadena. " 

Attached  to  this  archive  are  a  number  of  "protests," 
notably  one  from  the  officials  of  the  City  of  Parral,  in 
which  is  found  a  great  deal  of  information  of  great  value 
dealing  with   mining  and   agricultural   matters  in   that 


t       THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

country  and  protesting  against  being  made  a  part  of 
New  Mexico. 

The  Sacramento  river  is  about  twenty  miles  north  of 
Chihuahua.  It  was  near  this  river  that  General  Alexander 
"W.  Doniphan  fought  his  battle  with  the  Mexicans  in  1847. 

Bancroft  says  that  Ojeda's  affidavit  "mystifies"  him. 
They  (the  grants)  have  mystified  others  and  for  just  what 
purpose  they  were  made  —  at  that  time  —  does  not  clearly 
appear.  However,  these  are  the  basic  titles  to  the  lands 
of  the  several  pueblos  mentioned,  and  upon  them  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States  acted  when  the  grants  were 
confirmed  to  the  pueblos.  There  is  at  least  one  prime 
authority,  "Will  M.  Tipton,  who  believes  that  all  of  these 
pueblo  grant  papers  are  forgeries. 

After  the  appointment  of  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata 
Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon  as  governor  and  captain-general  of 
New  Mexico,  Cruzate  was  named  governor  of  Sonora. 

The  Indian,  Bartolome  Ojeda,  subsequently  fought  un- 
der De  Vargas  and  is  referred  to  by  the  latter  as  '*Mi 
Compadre!"    He  fought  at  the  battle  of  Potrero  Vie  jo. 

2    ANA  DE  ARCHULETA.     February  1,  1696.     City  of 

Santa  Fe.  Before  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponce 

de  Leon,  Marques  de  la  Nava  Brazinas. 

Grant  of  a  small  piece  of  land  in  the  City  of  Santa  Te. 
Captain  Juan  Garcia  de  la  Riva ;  Luis  Duran ;  Francisco 
de  la  Mora;  Gregorio  de  Archuleta;  Lorenzo  Madrid; 
Domingo  de  la  Barreda ;  Captain  Bartolome  Gardufio ; 
Juan  Antonio  Barrios;  Antonio  Alvarez  Castillon;  Fran- 
cisco Joseph  Casados;  Joseph  Manuel  Giltomey;  Pedro 
de  Roxas. 

General  De  Vargas  began  making  grants  and  allotments 
of  land  which  had  belonged  to  the  Spaniards  who  left  with 
Governor  Otermin,  before  he  commenced  his  second  en- 
trada.  He  made  some  shortly  after  his  first  entrada.  This 
archive  has  a  fine  signature  of  De  Vargas  and  those  sign- 
ing with  him.  Lorenzo  Madrid  was  a  brother  of  Roque 
Madrid,  who  was  sergeant-major  under  Cruzate;  Roque 
Madrid  was  one  of  the  soldiers  who  escaped  from  the 
Villa  with  Otermin ;  he  had  a  ranch  south  of  the  City  of 
Santa  Fe.  Captain  Juan  Garcia  de  la  Riva  was  after- 
ward alcalde  of  Santa  Cruz,  named  by  De  Vargas  upon 
the  re-settlement  of  the  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz  de  la 
Canada.  He  was  also  the  grantee  to  a  piece  of  land  south 
of  Santa  Fe  in  the  vicinity  of  the  old  pueblo  of  La  Cien- 
ega. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO       5 

Of  those  whose  names  appear  on  this  archive,  in  the  year 
1696,  the  date  when  this  grant  to  Ana  de  Archuleta  was 
made,  Lorenzo  Madrid  (in  those  days  the  Spaniards  had 
not  eliminated  the  "de"  from  their  names)  was  an  al- 
calde at  Santa  Fe  and  a  member  of  the  caMldo.  This 
body  at  that  time  and  during  the  last  year  of  the  term 
of  office  of  General  De  Vargas  was  composed  of  Francisco 
Romero  de  Pedraza,  Lazaro  de  Misquia,  Diego  Montoya, 
Jose  Garcia  Jurado.  Captain  Lucero  de  Godoy  was  sec- 
retary of  the  caiildo. 

Domingo  de  Barreda  was  secretary  of  government  and 
of  war. 

Roque  Madrid  had  been  promoted  by  De  Vargas  from 
sargento  to  t entente-general  of  cavalry,  and  he  was  also 
alcalde  of  Santa  Cruz. 

CAPTAIN  FRANCISCO  MATTHEO  LUZERO  de 
GODOY  and  Ana  Maria,  wife  of  Juan  de  Alderete,  Ma- 
ria Madalena  and  Francisca,  his  daughters,  to  Major 
Francisco  de  Anaya  Almazan.  April  16,  1697.  City 
of  Santa  Fe.  Before  Captain  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros, 
Alcalde. 

Conveyance  of  a  house  and  land  in  the  City  of  Santa  Fe. 
This  is  an  uncertified  copy  of  the  original  deed. 

Diego  Arias  de  Quiros  was  a  captain ;  everyone  of  the 
alcaldes  under  De  Vargas  and  named  by  him  was  an  of- 
ficer in  his  army. 

Note  the  date  of  this  instrument.  Bancroft  says  that 
the  grantee,  Francisco  Anaya  Almazan,  was  drowned  in 
the  Rio  del  Norte  over  a  year  before  the  date  of  this  deed. 
He  errs,  because  the  certificate  shows  that  the  grantee 
"appeared."  Francisco  Joseph  Casados  was  an  alcalde 
of  Santa  Fe  in  1716.    Archive  10,  q.  v. 

ANTONIO  GUTIERREZ  de  FIGUEROA  to  Antonio 

de  Aguilera.     September  18,  1698.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Before  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

Conveyance  of  land  in  the  City  of  Santa  Fe.  Certified 
copy  by  the  Alcalde. 

OLAYA  DE  OTON  to  Inez  de  Aspitia.  September  15, 
1700.  City  of  Santa  Fe.  Before  Antonio  de  Aguilera, 
Alcalde. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  land  in  the  city  of  Santa  Fe. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

AGUSTIN  SAES  and  ANTONIA  MARQUEZ  to  Juan 

de  Archibec.     November  7,  1701.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Before  Joseph  Rodriguez,  Alcalde. 

House  and  land  in  the  city  of  Santa  Fe. 

Juan  de  Archibec  was  "Jean  L 'Archiveque. "  His 
widow  married  Don  Bernardino  de  Sena,  to  whom  was 
granted  the  pueblo  of  Cuyamungue  in  1731.  This  pueblo 
was  in  existence  as  late  as  1696,  when  it  was  finally  aban- 
doned, and  three  years  later  it  was  given  to  the  Captain 
Alonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar. 

JUAN  DE  ATIENZA,  Protector  of  the  Christian  Indians 

of  New  Mexico.     Before  Don  Juan  Ignacio  Flores  Mo- 

gollon,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 

Question  as  to  land  alleged  to  have  been  granted  to  Jo- 
seph Quiros  and  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo  by  Don  Pedro 
Rodriguez  Cubero,  governor  and  captain-general.  Armijo 
sold  his  part  to  the  Indians  of  Pojoaque,  and  Quiros  sold 
his  part  to  Miguel  Tenorio  de  Alva,  who  also  sold  to  the 
same  Indians.  Baltazar  Trujillo  claimed  to  have  bought 
part  of  the  land  claimed  by  the  Indians.  This  action  was 
begun  in  1715  and  decided  the  following  year.  There  are 
seventeen  leaves  in  this  archive. 

Controversy  relative  to  certain  lands  alleged  to  have 
been  sold  to  the  Indians  of  Pojoaque  by  some  Spaniards. 

The  "Protector"  was  a  sort  of  "Indian  Agent,"  named 
by  the  government.  His  chief  duty  was  to  defend  legally 
the  rights  of  the  Indians.  These  protectores  were  estab- 
lished at  an  early  day.  At  first  the  prelates  of  the  Indies, 
bishops  and  archbishops,  were  the  protectors.  Philip 
II  established  special  official  protectors.  See  Real 
Cedula  of  January  10,  1589.  Their  duties  were  well  de- 
fined. They  had  no  jurisdiction  over  the  Indian  and  no 
right  to  meddle  in  his  affairs.  Each  Indian  of  New  Spain 
had  to  pay  half  a  real  toward  defraying  expenses  incident 
to  any  defense  that  became  necessary  in  their  behalf.  See 
Real  Cedula  of  June  13,  1623.     Philip  IV. 

This  petition  by  Juan  de  Atienza,  attorney  for  the  In- 
dians of  New  Mexico,  relates  to  lands  claimed  by  the 
Indians  of  Pojoaque.  He  alleges  that  the  Indians  for- 
merly held  certain  lands  which  Governor  Pedro  Rodriguez 
Cubero  saw  fit  to  grant  to  Joseph  de  Quiros  and  Antonio 
Duran  de  Armijo;  that  the  latter  sold  his  part  to  the  In- 
dians, transferring  to  them  the  grant  made  by  Governor 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO       7 

Rodriguez ;  that  Quiros  sold  his  part  of  the  land  to  Miguel 
Tenorio  de  Alva,  who  sold  it  to  the  Indians.  The  peti- 
tioner further  relates  that  almost  half  of  the  land  bought 
of  Tenorio  by  the  Indians  is  claimed  by  Baltazar  Trujillo, 
who  states  that  he  bought  it  of  Tenorio,  and  who  exhibits 
a  certified  copy  of  a  deed  to  the  latter  from  Quiros.  The 
petitioner  asks  that  such  st^ps  be  taken  as  will  enable 
liim  to  appear  before  the  governor  of  the  kingdom  in 
such  manner  as  to  secure  a  decision  favorable  to  the  In- 
dians. 

This  petition  bears  no  date,  but  was  presented  to  Jo- 
seph Trujillo,  chief  alcalde  and  war-captain  of  the  Villa 
Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  on  May  16,  1715. 

That  officer  then  took  the  testimony  of  the  following 
persons:  Captain  Miguel  Tenorio  de  Alva,  Captain  Bal- 
tazar Trujillo,  an  Indian  named  Juanillo,  another  named 
Lucas  de  Abenbua,  another  named  Francisco  Canjuebe, 
alias  Bollo,  and  three  others,  named  respectively  Miguel, 
Tomas,  and  Pablo. 

This  testimony  seems  to  indicate  that  probably  Tenorio 
had  sold  a  part  of  the  land  to  the  Indians  and  another 
part  to  Trujillo,  and  that  some  of  the  Indians  had  not 
paid  their  portion  of  the  purchase  price.  Tenorio  appears 
to  have  considered  the  sale  as  one  made  to  Indians  indi- 
vidually, and  not  to  the  pueblo  of  Pojoaque. 

After  the  testimony  was  taken  on  the  17th  and  24th 
days  of  May,  1715,  it  was  delivered  to  the  Indians'  attor- 
ney, Juan  de  Atienza,  in  order  that  he  might  make  such 
use  of  it  as  he  deemed  proper  in  the  interest  of  the  In- 
dians. 

On  June  12,  1715,  Atienza  presented  to  Governor  Juan 
Ygnacio  Flores  Mogollon  a  petition  setting  forth  the  steps 
he  had  taken  in  the  matter  and  asking  that  the  governor 
do  justice  to  the  Indians. 

The  governor  at  once  appointed  Alonzo  (or  Alfonso) 
Rael  de  Aguilar  to  investigate  the  matter,  and  report  to 
him. 

This  officer,  on  June  14,  1715,  issued  an  order  for  Cap- 
tain Miguel  Tenorio  de  Alba  to  present  to  him  the  titles 
and  papers  upon  which  he  based  his  right  to  sell  the  land 
in  question ;  and  on  the  same  date  he  made  an  entry  to 
the  effect  that  he  had  personally  notified  Tenorio  and  that 
the  latter  had  stated  that  he  would  obey  the  order. 

On  June  19,  1715,  Tenorio  made  a  written  statement, 
which  he  presented  to  Rael  de  Aguilar,  in  which  he  calls 


8       THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

attention  to  a  certified  copy  of  a  deed  which  he  presents 
for  inspection,  stating  that  the  original  thereof  is  in  the 
government  archives.  He  also  refers  to  the  grant  under 
which  Joseph  de  Quiros  had  held  the  lands  in  question, 
which  grant  he  states  was  made  to  Quiros  and  his  son-in- 
law,  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo.  He  refers  also  to  a  me- 
morial which  he  presented  to  the  Marquis  of  Penuela  (a 
former  governor  of  New  Mexico)  in  regard  to  the  Indians 
being  obliged  to  pay  him  what  they  still  owed  on  the  land. 

The  three  documents  referred  to  by  Tenorio  are  parts 
of  this  archive.  The  first  begins  on  page  1  of  leaf  16.  It 
is  a  copy  of  a  deed,  dated  December  16,  1703,  by  Joseph 
de  Quiros  to  Miguel  Tenorio  de  Alba,  and  the  correctness 
of  the  copy  is  certified  to  by  Cristobal  de  Gongora,  secre- 
tary of  the  town  council  of  Santa  Fe.  This  deed  is  for  a 
portion  of  the  land  claimed  by  Quiros  under  the  grant 
made  by  Governor  Rodriguez.  The  land  sold  is  described 
as  consisting  of  three  fanegas  of  corn-planting  land, 
which,  according  to  calculations  based  on  data  found  in 
"Ordenanzas  de  Tierras  y  Aguas,"  by  Mariano  Galvan, 
Paris,  1868,  p.  164  (see  also  Hall's  Mexican  Law,  p.  82), 
would  amount  to  about  26.45  acres.  The  boundaries  are 
described  as  follows:  "On  one  side,  which  is  that  of  the 
north,  by  some  hills,  on  the  south  by  the  river;  on  the 
east  by  San  Juan  bluff ;  and  on  the  west  by  lands  of  Juan 
Trujillo."    The  consideration  was  130  pesos. 

The  second  document  cited  by  Tenorio  begins  on  page 
1  of  leaf  14,  of  this  archive.  It  consists  of  a  petition  by 
Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo  and  Joseph  de  Quiros,  directed 
to  the  governor  and  captain-general  of  New  Mexico,  ask- 
ing for  a  grant  of  a  piece  of  cultivable  land  located  be- 
tween the  San  Juan  road  and  the  Jacona  bluffs.  The 
boundaries  were:  "On  the  north  side,  the  hill  as  we  go 
to  the  new  town  (Santa  Cruz  de  la  Cailada)  ;  and  on  the 
south  side  the  river  which  comes  from  Pojoaque;  and  on 
the  east  side  the  San  Juan  road ;  and  on  the  west  side  the 
rocky  bluffs  (pefiascos)  which  look  toward  Jacona."  This 
petition  was  presented  to  Governor  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cu- 
bero  on  September  10,  1701,  and  on  that  date  he  made 
the  grant  and  ordered  the  chief  alcalde  of  Santa  Cruz,  or 
his  deputy,  to  place  the  grantees  in  possession  of  the  land. 
On  September  12,  1701,  the  chief  alcalde,  Roque  Madrid, 
gave  the  possession  with  the  following  boundaries:  "On 
the  east  side  by  a  main  road  which  goes  to  San  Juan ;  on 
the  west   side  by  a  precipitously   crested  red   hill    (im 


Duke  of  Alburquerque 
Viceroy  of  ]\Iexico 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO       9 

creston  Colorado)  ;  on  the  north  side  by  the  hills;  and  on 
the  south  side  by  the  river  which  comes  down  from  the 
pueblo  of  Nanihe. 

Immediately  after  this  act  of  possession,  in  a  different 
handwriting  from  any  in  the  muniments,  is  the  follow- 
ing: "I  transfer  this  grant  to  Francisco  Canjuebe  (Fran- 
cisco Joseph  Casados  being  witness)  and  he  agrees  to  pay 
me  at  harvest  time. ' '    There  is  no  signature. 

The  third  document  referred  to  by  Tenorio  is  leaf  13 
of  this  archive.  It  is  what  he  terms  a  memorial.  In  it  he 
sets  forth  that  he  had  sold  to  the  Indians  of  Pojoaque 
about  three  fanegas  of  corn  planting  land,  for  the  same 
price  for  which  he  had  bought  it  — 130  pesos,  and  that 
after  the  lapse  of  two  years  they  were  still  in  arrears  on 
the  payment.  He  asks  that  they  be  compelled  to  pay  him 
what  they  owed  him.  In  a  marginal  note  dated  April  10, 
1712,  the  Marquis  of  Penuela,  then  governor  of  New  Mex- 
ico, to  whom  the  memorial  was  directed,  told  Tenorio  to 
apply  to  the  chief  alcalde  of  Santa  Cruz,  or  his  deputy, 
and  ordered  the  latter  to  compel  the  Indians  to  pay  the 
debt  or  to  cease  using  the  land,  which  upon  the  re-payment 
to  the  Indians  of  what  they  had  advanced  on  it  might  be 
sold  by  its  owner  to  whomsoever  he  saw  fit. 

Tenorio 's  statement  of  June  19,  1715,  when  presented 
to  Rael  de  Aguilar,  was  accompanied  by  the  titles  to  the 
land  and  other  documentary  evidence,  as  is  shown  by  a 
marginal  note  on  the  first  page  of  leaf  9. 

After  Tenorio 's  statement  the  next  document,  in  chron- 
ological order,  is  a  petition  by  Juan  de  Atienza,  attorney 
for  the  Indians,  calling  attention  to  the  proceedings  had 
in  the  time  of  Governor  Juan  Ignacio  Flores  MogoUon, 
and  asks  that  they  be  examined,  and  that  justice  be  done 
to  the  Indians. 

This  petition  was  presented  to  Felix  Martinez,  governor 
of  New  Mexico,  and  on  April  30,  1716,  he  issued  an  order 
in  which  he  states  that  as  Alonso  [Alfonso]  Rael  de 
Aguilar  had  acted  in  connection  with  such  proceedings 
he  was  directed  to  present  them  to  the  governor  for  the 
latter 's  examination  and  decision. 

Near  the  bottom  of  the  second  page  of  leaf  16,  follow- 
ing the  certified  copy  of  the  deed  from  Joseph  de  Quiros 
to  Miguel  Tenorio  de  Alba,  is  Rael  de  Aguilar 's  state- 
ment that  the  proceedings  had  not  been  concluded  on  ac- 
count of  the  absence  from  Santa  Fe  of  Juan  de  Atienza, 
and  because  Rael  de  Aguilar 's  commission  had  expired 


10     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

when  Governor  Martinez  succeeded  Governor  Flores.  But 
he  transmits  the  proceedings  uncompleted  to  the  governor 
to  be  deposited  in  the  archives. 

8    DIEGO  ARIAS  de  QUIROS,  July  24,  1715.    City  of 

Santa  Fe. 

Relative  to  the  opening  of  a  spring  in  the  Cienega.  The 
court  house  and  a  number  of  private  residences  now  oc- 
cupy this  tract,  which  was  granted  to  the  cahildo  of  Santa 
Fe,  August  20,  1715,  as  appears  by  the  following,  on  file 
in  the  office  of  the  surveyor-general .     File  4. 

Copy  of  documents  of  1715  referring  to  the  cienepa,  to 
the  streets  of  Santa  Fe,  and  their  being  obstructedl  by 
buildings;  mention  is  made  of  the  "Calle  Real  de  San 
Francisco^'  and  of  the  old  church  of  the  same  name  on 
the  plaza.  There  is  also  a  grant  to  the  Captain  Diego 
Arias  de  Quiros  of  a  spring  and  reservoir  which  he  had 
constructed  in  the  cienega. 

"I,  Don  Juan  Ygnacio  Flores  Mogollon,  governor  and 
captain-general  of  this  kingdom  and  provinces  of  New 
Mexico,  and  commander  of  its  forces  and  garrisons  for 
his  majesty,  &c.  Whereas,  on  the  24th  day  of  the  month 
of  July  past,  the  illustrious  cahildo  of  this  town  made  a 
presentation  to  me  with  regard  to  various  matters,  and 
one  of  them  was  that,  whereas  the  swamp  (cienega)  that 
lies  to  one  side  of  this  castle,  looking  to  the  east,  is  royal 
domain,  that  it  should  be  adjudicated  as  municipal  land 
(propios)  of  the  town,  in  the  name  of  his  majesty,  so 
that  the  inhabitants  may  enjoy  the  benefit  and  use  of 
cutting  hay  for  their  animals  as  they  have  done  hereto- 
fore and  are  doing  until  now,  and  because  in  an  order 
I  issued  at  the  foot  of  said  presentation  on  the  27th  day 
of  the  said  month  of  July,  making  provisions  with  regard 
to  the  other  points  stated  to  me  in  said  representation,  I 
say  that  because  this  petition  is  so  justified,  and  because 
the  said  swamp  (cienega)  is  royal  domain,  I  make  it  the 
grant  in  the  name  of  his  majesty  (whom  may  God  pre- 
serve), and  I  order  that  a  portion  of  it  should  be  executed 
by  virtue  of  the  faculty  conferred  on  me  on  account  of 
my  office,  I  grant  to  the  said  illustrious  cahildo  the  said 
swamp  (cienega)  in  the  condition  in  which  it  is  at  pres- 
ent, for  the  reason  that  a  piece  thereof  has  been  adjudi- 
cated to  Captain  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  on  which  he  has 
introduced  himself  for  many  days  by  farming  on  it; 
likewise  did  I  grant  him  a  small  spring  of  [torn]  that  he 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     11 

had  taken  out  making  a  tank  in  order  to  be  able  to  irri- 
gate [torn].  As  all  appears  from  the  proceedings  that 
.[torn]  spring  or  tank  were  formed  [torn],  cabildo,  and 
that  he  may  become  acquainted  with  all  the  points  of  his 
representation,  and  the  condition  with  which  I  have  made 
the  said  grant  for  the  said  tank  and  piece  of  swamp  {cie- 
nega),  farmed  by  the  said  Captain  Diego  Arias,  in  order 
that  said  illustrious  cabildo  may  ask  whenever  he  fails  in 
any  of  the  circumstances  with  which  I  made  him  the 
grant ;  and  likewise  shall  it  be  able  to  ask  as  against  other 
persons  that  having  obstructed  the  inlets  and  outlets,  and 
ancient  streets  of  this  town,  I  order  that  testimonio  of 
said  proceedings  shall  be  given  to  it  literally,  said  pro- 
ceedings being  now  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  this 
government,  in  order  that  said  illustrious  cabildo  may 
keep  it  in  its  archive,  and  that  it  may  there  always  ap- 
pear; and  of  this  grant,  with  regard  that  the  swamp 
(cienega)  has  been  adjudicated  to  it  record  shall  be  made 
(se  tomare  razon)  in  the  book  of  grants  and  entries  of 
this  government.  It  is  done  at  this  town  of  Santa  Fe,  of 
New  Mexico,  on  the  20th  day  of  August,  1715,  and  I 
signed  it  with  my  secretary  of  government  and  war. 
* '  Don  Juan  Ygnacio  Flores  Mogollon 

"By  command  of  his  excellency  the  governor  and  cap- 
tain-general: RoQUE  DE  PiNTTO  [nibric] 

"Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 

"I  made  the  record  on  said  day  {toma  la  razon). ''^ 

The  question  of  title  to  lands  in  the  " cienega^ ^  was  not 
finally  settled  until  the  Congress  of  the  United  States 
empowered  the  City  of  Santa  Fe  to  make  quit-claim  to 
lands  held  within  the  areas  prescribed  by  the  act.  The 
title  was  in  question  shortly  before  the  American  Occupa- 
tion, during  the  administration  of  Governor  Mariano 
Martinez. 

9  JUAN  ALONZO  de  MONDRAGON  and  SEBASTI- 
ANA  TRUXILLO  to  Francisca  Antonio  De  Eguijosa. 
Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  IVIay  19,  1716.  Before 
Juan  Garcia  de  las  Rivas,  Alcalde. 

Conveyance  of  lands.     This  property  is  located  in  the 
present  county  of  Rio  Arriba,  New  Mexico. 

10  CRISTOBAL  IVIARTIN  and  ANTONIO  de  MORAGA 
to  Captain  Diego  x\rias  de  Quiros.  1716.  City  of  San- 
ta Fe.    Before  Francisco  Joseph  Cassados,  Alcalde. 


12     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Conveyance  of  lands  in  the  city  of  Santa  Fe.  This  item 
is  in  a  very  badly  damaged  condition. 

11  BERNARDO  CASILLAS  to  Juan  Estevan  de  Apodaca. 

City  of  Santa  Fe,    December  29,  1716. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands.  County  of  Santa  Fe. 
Before  Juan  Garcia  de  las  Rivas,  Alcalde. 

12  DIEGO  ARIAS  de  QUIROS.     March  23,  1717.     City 

of  Santa  Fe.     Before  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Governor 

and  Captain-General. 

Grant  of  a  lead  mine,  situate  five  leagues  from  Santa  Fe, 
between  La  Cienega  and  La  Cieneguilla.  This  is  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  county  of  Santa  Fe,  near  the  mining 
district  at  one  time  called  the  Bonanza;  about  nine  miles 
from  Los  Cerrillos,  on  the  line  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
and  Santa  Fe  Railway.  In  this  locality  afterwards  were 
found  and  located  many  prospects,  and  mines  bearing 
silver,  lead,  and  zinc.  The  famous  turquoise  mines  are 
close  by. 

De  Vargas  re-assumed  the  office  of  governor  and  cap- 
tain-general on  November  10,  1703.  In  the  spring  of  the 
year  following  he  inaugurated  and  led  a  campaign  against 
the  Faraon  Apaches,  in  the  Sandia  mountains;  he  was 
taken  ill  while  upon  this  campaign  and  died  suddenly  at 
Bernalillo,  April  8,  1704.  His  remains  were  taken  to 
Santa  Fe  and  were  buried  in  the  church.  See  archive 
1027 ;  his  will. 

Bancroft  says  that  Don  Francisco  Cuervo  y  Valdez  as- 
sumed the  office  of  governor  ad  interim  on  March  10, 1705. 
This  is  a  mistake.  Six  months  before  this  date,  August  4, 
1704,  he  was  already  in  office,  as  a  suit  at  law  involving 
the  title  to  lands  was  tried  before  him.  See  archive  295, 
Antonio  Bas  Gonzales  vs.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros.  Don 
Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  the  friend  of  De  Vargas,  did  not 
serve,  as  Bancroft  says,  until  March  10,  1705,  for  the 
reason  that  on  August  4,  1704,  he  was  present  at  this  trial 
and  signed  the  proceedings. 

13  JUAN  DE  ARCHIVEQUE.     1721. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate;  made  by  the  Cap- 
tain Bueno  de  Bohorquez  y  Corcuera.  In  the  City  of 
Santa  Fe.    The  item  contains  ninety-eight  pages. 

With  it  is  a  document  of  four  pages,  being  a  certified 
copy  of  an  order  of  the  viceroy  of  New  Spain  defining 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     13 

the  boundary  line  between  Niieva  Vizcaya  and  Niievo 
Mexico.  The  original  order  was  dated  at  the  City  of 
Mexico,  August  2,  1682.    See  note  to  archive  6,  ante. 

Ad.  F.  Bandelier  was  the  first  writer  in  English  to 
identify  this  man  as  the  Jean  LArcheveque  of  the  ill- 
fated  La  Salle  expedition.  An  account  of  his  purchase 
from  the  Texas  Indians  by  Governor  Alonzo  Leon  is  given 
by  Palacio  Rivas  in  his  A  Traves  de  Los  Siglos,  published 
several  years  prior  to  Mr.  Bandelier 's  article  appearing  in 
the  Nation,  August  30,  1888,  as  follows : 

''Two  months  ago,  while  searching  the  archives  of  the 
Pueblo  of  Ka-Po  or  Santa  Clara  (New  Mexico)  for  docu- 
ments of  historical  import,  in  behalf  of  the  Hemenway 
Southwestern  Archaeological  Expedition,  my  attention 
was  drawn,  among  others,  to  the  great  number  of  manu- 
scripts called  in  Spanish  Diligencias  matrimoniales.  They 
are  investigations  made  on  the  petition  of  parties  apply- 
ing for  license  to  marry,  and  consist  in  the  main  of  the 
application  of  him  or  her,  and  of  the  examination  of  wit- 
nesses in  regard  to  the  standing  of  the  applicants,  their 
relations  towards  each  other,  etc.  Among  these  I  found 
one  at  Santa  Clara  headed:  'Ynformacion  de  Pedro 
Meusnier,  frances. — 1699.'  The  fact  that  Frenchmen 
should  be  found  in  New  Mexico  at  such  an  early  date, 
and  in  face  of  the  stringent  laws  of  Spain  against  the 
admittance  of  foreigners  into  the  colonies,  appeared  in- 
teresting. My  interest  soon  increased  upon  discovering 
that  Meusnier  had  come  over  to  America  in  the  fleet  com- 
manded by  'Monsieur  de  La  Sala'  in  1684.  This  is  testi- 
fied to  by  two  witnesses,  one  of  whom  signs  himself  Juan 
de  Archeveque,  while  the  other,  rather  illiterate,  has  not 
signed,  but  states  in  his  deposition  that  he  is  a  native  of 
La  Rochelle,  and  his  name  is  given  as  'Santiago  Groslee. ' 
Both  these  witnesses  claim  to  have  come  over  with  Meus- 
nier in  the  same  fleet,  and  in  the  year  1684  also.  Both 
Meusnier  and  Archeveque  were  in  1699  soldiers  of  the 
garrison  of  Santa  Fe ;  Groslee  was  a  resident  of  that  town. 

"There  was  only  one  LArcheveque  in  La  Salle's  ill- 
fated  expedition,  and  the  evidence  seemed  quite  conclu- 
sive that  this  was  the  one  whose  signature  I  had  before 
me  at  Santa  Clara.  Mr.  Parkman,  to  whom  I  communi- 
cated the  fact,  also  inclined  to  the  belief  that  he  was  the 
fellow  who  enticed  La  Salle  into  the  fatal  snare,  while 
Groslee  seemed  to  be  GroUet,  the  sailor.  I  have  since 
found  the  latter  as  Grolle  and  Groli  in  two  official  docu- 


14     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

ments  now  in  my  possession.  As  late  as  1705  he  was  a 
resident  of  the  little  town  of  Bernalillo,  on  the  Rio 
Grande.  Of  Meusnier  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any 
further  trace  as  yet. 

''But  the  chief  interest  to  me  rested  in  the  person  of 
LArcheveque,  the  more  so  since  there  is  to-day  in  New 
Mexico  a  family  calling  themselves  Archibeque,  and  of 
whom  it  is  surmised,  at  least,  that  they  are  of  French 
descent.  Furthermore,  I  had  met,  in  documents  ante- 
dating 1720,  the  name  and  declarations  of  a  Captain  Juan 
de  Archeveque.  It  was  but  natural  to  suspect  that  the 
Captain  of  the  War  Councils  of  1715  and  of  1720  was 
the  same  man  as  the  private  soldier  of  1699 ;  the  more  so 
since  at  the  latter  council,  where  the  project  of  the  ill- 
fated  reconnoissance  to  the  Arkansas  river  was  discussed, 
the  said  Capt.  Archibeque  strongly  recommended  it,  al- 
leging in  its  favor,  along  other  reasons,  that  it  would 
procure  definite  information  in  regard  to  'his  country- 
men the  French.' 

"Researches  at  the  archives  of  the  U.  S.  Surveyor- 
General's  office  at  Santa  Fe  brought  to  light  documents 
which  impart  valuable  information.  There  is  in  the  first 
place  a  transfer  to  Juan  de  Archibeque,  'a  soldier,'  of 
certain  real  estate  in  Santa  Fe,  in  the  year  1701.  Lastly 
there  is  the  Inventory  of  the  goods  and  chattels  of  the 
Captain  Juan  de  Archibeque,  a  Frenchman,  bearing  date 
1720.  From  this  manuscript  we  gather  that  our  man  ac- 
companied the  expedition  to  the  Arkansas  which  he  had 
so  strongly  advocated,  and  that  he,  with  some  forty-three 
other  Spaniards,  was  killed  there  by  the  Pawnee  Indians 
on  the  17th  of  August  of  the  same  year. 

"We  further  gather  that  Archibeque  was  twice  mar- 
ried, and  left  two  legitimate  and  two  illegitimate  chil- 
dren; that  after  leaving  the  military  service  he  became 
a  successful  trader,  extending  his  trading  tours  to  Sonora, 
and  sometimes  buying  directly  at  the  City  of  Mexico.  His 
estate,  after  settlement,  yielded  6,118  pesos  to  the  heirs, 
an  amount  quite  respectable  at  the  time.  Upon  a  second 
visit  to  Santa  Clara  I  found  there  at  last  the  Diligencia 
matrimonial  of  L'Archeueque  alias  Archibeque.  It  bears 
date  1697,  and  his  (first)  wife  was  the  widow  of  Thomas 
de  Ytta,  murdered  in  1694  near  Zacatecas  by  a  mulatto. 
She  herself  was  a  native  of  Tezcuco,  in  the  valley  of 
Mexico. ' ' 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     15 

Felipe  de  Tamaris,  a  soldier  of  the  Santa  Fe  garrison, 
who  had  accompanied  Villasiir  to  the  Platte,  brought  the 
news  of  the  defeat  of  the  Spaniards  by  the  French  and 
Pawnees,  on  the  6th  of  September,  1720.  There  were 
a  few  other  survivors. 

14    JOSEPH  DE  ATIENZA.     Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz. 
April  14,  1722. 

A  petition  for  land.  It  was  referred  on  the  same  day  to 
Captain  Alonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar  by  Don  Juan  Domingo 
de  Bustamante,  governor  and  captain-general. 

Captain  Alonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar  was  one  of  the  re- 
conquistadores ;  he  was  secretary  of  government  and  war. 

The  tract  known  as  "Cerrillos"  was  granted  to  him  by 
General  De  Vargas  at  the  time  of  the  first  entrada,  as  ap- 
pears from  the  following  archives: 

On  the  20th  of  April,  1788,  Josef  Miguel  de  la  Pefia 
asked  for  a  piece  of  land  called  "Los  Cerrillos"  which 
said  tract  "when  this  province  was  conquered  belonged 
to  Don  Alonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar,  who  was  my  wife,  Maria 
Rael's  grandfather,  and  having  left  it  so  many  years  un- 
occupied, and  Don  Alonzo  having  lost  the  right  he  had  to 
it,"  possession  was  given  to  the  applicant  and  the  other 
heirs  of  Don  Alonzo  de  Aguilar  by  Don  Josef  Antonio 
Ortiz  under  orders  of  the  lieutenant-colonel  and  political 
governor,  Don  Fernando  de  la  Concha;  the  boundaries 
of  the  land  being  on  the  north  the  Canada  Gulcu  and 
lands  of  Los  Bacas ;  on  the  south  by  the  Cerros  Altos ;  on 
the  east  by  the  road  that  goes  to  Galisteo.  Mention  is 
made  of  lands  belonging  to  Don  Cleto  Miera  y  Pacheco. 
Josef  Miguel  de  la  Pena,  for  the  sum  of  $450.00,  in  1791, 
sold  the  property  to  Don  Cleto  de  Miera.  This  property 
later  belonged  to  Colonel  Manuel  Delgado,  who  was  sec- 
ond in  command  in  New  Mexico  under  General  de  la 
Concha.  Upon  this  property  was  a  mine  known  as  the 
"Mina  del  Toro." 

The  heirs  in  the  year  1750  of  the  conquistador  Alfonso 
Rael  de  Aguilar  were:  Eusebio  de  Aguilar;  Juan  Rael 
de  Aguilar;  Antonia  Teresa  Rael  de  Aguilar;  Francisco 
Rael  de  Aguilar;  and  children  of  the  deceased  Alfonso 
Rael  de  Aguilar,  and  the  children  of  Feliciano  Rael  de 
Aguilar.  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  granted  the  Cerrillos  tract 
to  the  elder  Alfonso  Rael  de  Aguilar.  In  the  year  1696 
the  elder  Rael  de  Aguilar  retired  from  Los  Cerrillos  by  the 
order  of  General  de  Vargas,  where  he  had  lived  four  years 


16     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

and  built  houses,  the  ruins  of  which  were  visible  in  1750. 
In  that  year  Juan  Rael  de  Aguilar,  one  of  the  heirs,  was 
in  the  city  of  Santa  Fe,  but  he  was  then  a  resident  of  the 
city  of  Chihuahua,  but  was  willing  to  return  "as  soon  as 
your  excellency  shall  deign  to  concede  us  the  said  grant. ' ' 
The  original  grant  to  Alonso  Rael  de  Aguilar,  the  sec- 
retary of  government  and  war  under  De  Vargas,  was  as 
follows : 

"His  Excellency  the  Governor  and  Captain-General: 
"I,  Ensign  Alfonso  Rael  de  Aguilar,  a  soldier  and  sec- 
retary of  state  and  war  of  this  province  of  New  Mexico, 
by  appointment  of  your  excellency,  before  whom  I  ap- 
pear and  state :  That  considering  that  this  said  province 
of  Mexico  is  now  reduced  and  conquered,  it  having  cost 
your  excellency  much  watching,  much  care,  and  great 
expense,  I  enter  a  tract  of  land  situated  from  this  city 
of  Santa  Fe  from  four  to  five  leagues,  and  called  the 
Cerrillos  tract,  for  which  your  excellency  will  please  make 
me  in  the  name  of  His  Majesty  a  grant,  as  one  of  the 
conquering  soldiers  that  have  come  with  your  excellency, 
which  tract  of  land  I  ask,  with  its  entrances,  and  exits, 
uses  and  customs,  as  well  as  the  water,  pasturage,  and 
watering-places,  as  the  same  were  enjoyed  by  the  former 
settlers  of  the  tract.  I  ask  and  pray  in  due  humility  that 
your  excellency  be  pleased  to  concede  and  make  me,  in 
the  name  of  His  Majesty,  a  grant  for  said  tract  of  land, 
as  I  am  a  poor  married  man,  with  children,  and  I  trust 
that  your  excellency  will  grant  me,  as  I  have  requested; 
and  I  declare  in  due  form  of  law  that  this  my  petition 
and  entry  is  not  made  in  dissimulation,  and  as  may  be 
necessary,  etc.  Alfonso  Rael  de  Aguilar.  ' ' 

"At  this  fortified  town  and  garrison  aforementioned, 
of  the  city  of  Santa  Fe,  in  the  province  of  New  Mexico,  on 
the  18th  day  of  the  month  of  September,  in  the  year  1692, 
before  me,  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  y  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon, 
His  Majesty's  governor  and  captain  general  of  this  said 
province,  and  its  domain  and  districts  and  castellan  of  the 
forces  and  garrisons  therein,  the  foregoing  petition  was 
presented  by  the  petitioner,  who  is  a  soldier  at  this  gar- 
rison, and  my  secretary  of  state  and  war,  and  in  consider- 
ation of  his  services  and  of  the  loyalty  with  which  he  has 
served,  and  the  love  he  has  borne  His  Majesty,  I,  the  said 
governor  and  captain  general  do,  in  the  name  of  His 
Majesty,  make  him  a  grant  for  the  land,  together  with  its 


-yyT-a 


Page  from  Oldest  Archive  in  Office  of  Surveyor-General 
With  Signature  of  Don  Antonio  Otermin,  Governor  and  Captain- 
General  of  New  Mexico 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     17 

pasturage,  waters,  timber,  watering-places,  uses  and  cus- 
toms, and  the  appurtenances,  so  that  at  his  will  he  may, 
'God,  the  father  willing,'  enjoy  the  same  for  himself  and 
his  heirs,  as  the  will  of  our  Lord,  the  King,  in  whose 
royal  name,  and  in  consideration  of  the  merits  and  services 
of  the  party,  I  do  make  to  him  the  said  grant.  In  testi- 
mony whereof  I  signed  this  with  two  \vitnesses,  the  same 
being  the  captain  and  ensign  of  this  garrison,  and  I  re- 
turned to  the  party  the  said  petition,  and  the  granting  de- 
cree thereon,  in  the  presence  of  Sergeant  Major  Fernando 
de  Chavez  and  Captain  Antonio  Jorge,  residents  of  this 
said  province,  and  participants  in  the  said  conquest. 

"Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon 
"RoQUE  Madrid 
' '  Juan  de  Digs  Luzero  de  Godoy  ' ' 

Don  Juan  Domingo  de  Bustamante  had  been  exercising 
the  functions  of  governor  and  captain-general  a  little  over 
a  month  at  the  time  this  petition  was  presented.  He  was 
governor  during  two  terms,  the  second  ending  in 
1731.  He  was  a  great  Indian  campaigner  and  led 
all  the  campaigns  during  his  rule.  It  was  during 
his  administration  that  the  controversy  arose  between 
the  Franciscans  and  the  bishop  of  Durango.  In  this 
controversy  Rael  de  Aguilar  took  side  with  the  frayles, 
while  General  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  a  companion  in 
arms,  was  against  them.  Bustamante  was  tried  on  the 
charge  of  "illegal  trade"  and  found  guilty. 

This  archive  proves  conclusively  that  the  Estancia  of 
Los  Cerrillos  was  occupied  before  the  rebellion  of  1680. 

Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  in  addition  to  being  an  alcalde, 
was  a  captain.  All  of  the  prominent  soldiers  also  occu- 
pied civil  positions.  In  this  way  a  great  deal  of  com- 
plaint arose  on  the  part  of  the  Franciscan  friars,  although 
a  search  of  all  available  records  does  not  sustain  the  charge 
that  the  officers  were  brutal  in  their  treatment  of  the  In- 
dians, although  it  is  rather  apparent  that  the  officers  made 
everything  possible  in  a  pecuniary  way  out  of  their  po- 
sitions, both  civil  and  military. 

F.  Carlos  Delgado  in  his  Informe  says  that  the  alcaldes 
M'cre  creatures  of  the  governor,  each  one  appointed  on  con- 
dition that  he  make  all  he  can  and  divide  with  the  gov- 
ernor. It  is  certain  that  the  Spaniards  made  the  Indians 
pay  quite  a  tax  in  the  shape  of  cotton  cloths,  working  in 
the  fields,  etc. 


18     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

The  father  of  Roque  Madrid  had  a  rancho  near  the 
Cerrillos.  Captain  Roque  Madrid  worked  a  prospect  at 
Cerrillos  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  lead  for  the  guns  of 
the  Spanish  soldiers. 

It  was  also  said  that  the  governors  sent  to  New  Mexico 
were  compelled  to  pay  tribute  to  the  viceroys  to  whom 
they  owed  their  appointments.  See  letter  of  Fr.  Suarez 
where  he  says:  ''Pero,  muy  catolico  Rey  y  Senor,  como 
los  que  vienen  son  criados  de  los  virreyes,  o  compran  los 
officios,  &c. ' ' 

In  the  beginning,  subsequent  to  the  conquest  of  Mexico 
by  Hernando  Cortes,  it  seems  that  all  of&ces  were  given 
more  as  favors  than  as  rewards  for  services  to  the  crown. 

General  Juan  Paez  Hurtado  had  special  charge  of  the 
colonists  who  came  back  with  De  Vargas  in  1693.  When 
charges  were  preferred  against  De  Vargas,  Hurtado  was 
also  accused.  His  arrest  was  ordered  by  Governor  Cu- 
bero ;  he  M^as  charged  with  defrauding  the  colonists  of 
half  the  royal  allowance  to  each;  after  the  death  of  De 
Vargas  he  served  as  governor  ad  interim  until  the  arrival 
of  Governor  Cuervo  y  Valdes,  in  the  summer  of  1704. 
Governor  Cuervo  commissioned  him  as  general.  In  1715 
he  made  a  campaign  against  the  Apaches.  In  1716,  when 
Governor  Martinez  was  ordered  to  report  to  the  viceroy  at 
Mexico,  Martinez  tried  to  leave  him  in  charge  at  Santa 
Fe  as  governor;  he  probably  filled  the  office  for  a  short 
period  until  Valverde  assumed  the  office ;  he  was  lieuten- 
ant-general in  1724. 

De  Vargas's  term  of  office  expired  in  1696,  but  he  was 
still  in  office  in  that  year ;  see  archive  No.  2. 

Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero  took  possession  of  the 
office  of  governor  on  the  4th  of  July,  1697.  He  had  a 
commission  as  juez  de  residencia;  De  Vargas  gave  up  the 
office  unwillingly  and  Cubero  became  his  enemy;  the 
cahildo  of  Santa  Fe  were  enemies  of  De  Vargas  because 
he  kept  his  promises  with  the  Indians  and  restored  cap- 
tives who  were  slaves  and  servants  of  the  Spanish  settlers 
and  officers;  he  treated  De  Vargas  very  cruelly;  found 
him  guilty  of  charges  of  embezzlement.  Cubero  made  a 
tour  of  the  pueblos  of  the  province.  In  1703,  Cubero 
learned  that  De  Vargas  had  been  exonerated  and  re-ap- 
pointed and  left  the  country  without  meeting  De  V.,  who 
was  now  Marques  de  la  Nava  de  Brazinas.  He  was  after- 
wards made  governor  of  Maracaibo  and  died  in  Mexico 
the  year  after  he  left  Santa  Fe. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     19 

15  IGNACIO  LOSANO  to  Joseph  de  Armijo.  May  15, 
1727.  City  of  Santa  Fe.  Before  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros, 
Alcalde. 

Conveyance  of  a  house  and  land. 

16  ANTONIA  and  FRANCISCA  MAESE  to  Alonzo  Rael 

de  Aguilar.    June  10,  1727.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Al- 
calde. One  of  these  grantees  was  the  wife  of  Nicolas 
Ortiz  Niiio  Ladron  de  Guevara,  who  was  an  owner  in  the 
Caja  del  Rio  Grant. 

17  MIGUEL  DE  ARCHIVEQUE. 

August  14,  1727.  City  of  Santa  Fe.  Will.  He  was  the 
son  of  Captain  Juan  de  Archibeque. 

18  LORENZO  GRIEGO  to  Teresa  Ansures.     December 

ber  20,  1734.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Geronimo  Xaramillo,  Al- 
calde. 

19  JUANA  MARTIN  to  Juan  de  Apodaca.     September 

20, 1734.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Antonio  de  Uribarri,  Alcalde. 
Antonio  de  Uribarri  was  also  a  captain.  He  took  part 
in  the  troubles  between  the  bishop  of  Durango  and  the 
Franciscans.  He  held  the  position  of  alcalde  of  Santa  Fe 
for  more  than  fifteen  years.  The  alcalde  mayor  of  Santa 
Fe  at  this  time  was  Francisco  Bueno  de  Bohorques  y 
Corcuera,  who  was  also  a  captain  in  the  army.  There 
seem  to  have  been  four  alcaldes  of  Santa  Fe  at  this  time. 

20  LAZARO  DE  ATIENSA  versus  ANTONIO  MARTIN. 

Suit  over  land.  September  30,  1735.  Before  Juan  Este- 
ban  Garzia  de  Noriega,  Alcalde.  Sitio  del  Ojo  Caliente, 
Bio  Arriba  county,  New  Mexico.  Before  Gervasio  Cruzat 
y  Gongora,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 

Juan  Estevan  Garcia  de  Noriega  was  the  son  of  Juan 
Garcia  de  Noriega,  an  officer  under  Cruzate  and  later 
with  De  Vargas. 

Don  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora  held  the  office  of  gov- 
ernor five  years,  succeeding  Don  Juan  Domingo  de  Busta- 
mante  in  the  year  1731.  He  took  evidence  for  the  bishop 
of  Durango  in  his  contest  with  the  Franciscans.     It  is 


20  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

certain  that  he  was  acting  in  1731 :  see  archive  317.  He 
founded  a  mission  of  Jicarilla  Apaches  on  the  Rio  Tram- 
pas,  Taos  county,  in  1733.  Fr.  Juan  Mirabal  was  the 
Franciscan  who  looked  after  this  mission.  Fr.  Mirabal 
thought  that  inasmuch  as  the  Jicarillas  were  Christians 
they  had  a  right  to  make  war  on  the  Comanches,  who 
were  not. 

21  JUANA  DE  LOS  REYES  PEREA  to  Francisco  Angel. 

September  20, 1738.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Captain  Antonio  Montoya, 
Alcalde.  Antonio  Montoya  was  a  celebrated  Indian 
fighter. 

22  ANTONIO  de  ULIBARRI  to  Francisco  Xavier  Angel. 

August  5, 1738.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  lands.  Before  Captain  Antonio  Montoya, 
Alcalde. 

23  PASCUALA   PADILLA  to  Agustin  de  Arcliibeque. 
May  17, 1739.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  lands.  Before  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde, 
Agustin  de  Archibeque  was  the  son  of  Juan  de  Archi- 
veque. 

24  JUAN   JOSE   DE  ARCHULETA.     August   20,   1742. 
City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Grant  made  by  Governor  and  Captain-General  Don  Gas- 
par  Domingo  de  Mendoza.  This  tract  of  land  lies  about 
a  mile  below  the  City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Don  Caspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza  was  appointed  gov- 
ernor on  May  12,  1737,  but  did  not  assume  the  duties  of 
his  office  until  the  month  of  January,  1739.  He  contin- 
ued in  office  until  1743.  In  1740,  some  Frenchmen  came 
into  the  province  by  way  of  Taos,  two  of  whom  remained 
at  Santa  Fe.  One  of  these  was  named  Louis  Marie;  he 
had  some  trouble  with  the  authorities,  and  was  shot  in 
the  plaza  by  order  of  Mendoza.  There  were  nine  of  them 
in  the  party.  Villaseiior  says  they  settled  near  Albur- 
querque;  this  must  be  the  settlement  near  Isleta,  called 
Canada  and  later  Fuenclara  and  Limpia  Concepcion. 

Among  these  Frenchmen  were  the  Mallet  brothers.  They 
came  from  the  French  settlements  on  the  Mississippi 
river.  They  folloM^ed  up  the  Missouri  river  for  a  long 
distance,  thinking  that  was  the  route.     They  found  out 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     21 

from  some  Aricara  Indians  that  they  were  mistaken  and 
were  shown  by  them  the  route.  They  arrived  at  Santa 
Fe  July  22,  1739,  and  on  the  first  of  May,  1740,  leaving 
two  of  them  at  Santa  Fe;  only  three  went  back  and  these 
returned  by  way  of  the  Pawnee  villages;  some  of  them 
returned  by  way  of  the  Arkansas  river  and  the  Mississippi 
to  New  Orleans,  it  is  stated. 

The  next  Frenchman  to  come  to  Santa  Fe  was  Baptiste 
LaLande,  who  came  there  in  1804.  At  least  he  told  Ma- 
jor Zebulon  Pike,  in  1807,  that  he  had  been  in  Santa  Fe 
three  years. 

During  the  administration  of  Don  Joachim  Codallos  y 
Rabal,  who  succeeded  Mendoza,  thirty-three  Frenchmen 
visited  the  Jicarillas  and  Comanches  and  sold  them  a  lot 
of  guns.  Governor  Codallos  thought  that  some  of  those 
who  had  come  in  1739  were  in  this  party  and  that  the 
French  were  hostile  in  their  intentions. 

25  JUAN  ANTONIO  ARCHULETA  and  LEONARDO 
GONZALES. 

A  grant  of  land.  September  4,  1742.  City  of  Santa  Fe. 
Made  by  Don  Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza,  governor  and 
captain-general.  The  land  is  situate  near  Santa  Fe,  close 
by  a  little  hill  called  " Serrito  de  Lara." 

26  VICENTE  de  ARMIJO. 

Will.  November  15,  1743.  City  of  Santa  Fe.  Before 
Don  Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  Alcalde. 

The  full  name  of  this  "re-conquistador"  was  Vinceute 
Duran  de  Armijo.  In  1739,  he  made  application  to  Gov- 
ernor Mendoza  for  a  tract  of  land  near  the  pueblo  of 
Nambe.  The  petition  recites  several  points  of  historical 
interest,  and  the  disposition  to  guard  the  interests  of  the 
Indians  is  manifest  in  the  act  of  possession,  both  of  which 
are  as  follows : 

''To  His  Excellency,  the  Governor  and  Captain-gen- 
eral: 
"Vincente  Duran  de  Armijo,  resident  of  the  Villa  de 
Santa  Fe,  and  settler  and  conqueror  of  the  Kingdom  of 
New  Mexico,  appears  at  your  excellency 's  feet  in  the  most 
approved  manner  the  law  allows,  and  states :  That  having 
experienced  innumerable  sufferings  and  hunger  and 
nakedness,  and  other  misfortunes  we  have  undergone  in 
this  poor  kingdom,  on  account  of  having  lost  our  personal 
labor  in  our  corn  and  wheat  fields,  with  which  we  were 


22     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

to  meet  our  obligations,  owing  to  the  scarcity  of  water  in 
the  river  running  through  the  city,  which  arises  from 
the  absence  of  rain  for  some  time  back,  and  our  personal 
labor  upon  our  grain  crops  being  useless  as  they  have  all 
failed;  and  having  been  one  of  the  settlers  of  this  king- 
dom from  the  year  '94,  and  always  ready  armed  and 
equipped,  at  my  own  expense,  to  go  upon  any  campaign 
or  expedition  whenever  required  as  a  loyal  subject  of 
His  Majesty,  whom  may  God  preserve;  This,  sir,  has 
always  been  [torn]  having  been  in  the  army  which  has 
gone  on  said  campaigns  and  expeditions  against  the  hos- 
tile Indians  who  inhabit  these  parts  of  the  kingdom  at 
this  time.  Sir,  I  have  by  my  exertions  accumulated  a 
little  capital  with  a  great  risk  to  my  life  by  making  jour- 
neys to  the  outer  country,  and  have  become  the  owner 
of  a  certain  amount  of  live  stock  which  is  not  secure  from 
the  hostile  attacks  of  the  Indians,  who  on  certain  occa- 
sions inhabit  the  country  where  my  stock  is  pastured ; 
and  I  have  had  warning  from  two  cows  belonging  to  me 
which  have  been  killed  by  the  enemy  during  the  present 
year, 

"I  have  seen  proper  to  register  a  piece  of  land  which 
is  a  surplus  beyond  the  lands  of  the  friendly  Indians  of 
the  pueblo  of  Nambc,  without  disturbing  the  pastures  or 
waters  upon  which  the  herds  of  this  royal  garrison  or  the 
animals  of  the  aforesaid  Indians  are  pastured,  nor  any 
other  person  using  said  lands.  It  contains  about  six 
fanegas  of  wheat  and  two  of  corn,  and  its  boundaries  are 
as  follows:  on  the  north  it  is  bounded  by  an  arroyo;  on 
the  south  by  the  lands  of  Bernardo  de  Sena;  on  the  east 
by  a  mountain;  on  the  west  by  lands  of  the  aforemen- 
tioned Indians  of  Nambe. 

"This  piece  of  land,  in  the  name  of  the  King,  our  sov- 
ereign, whom  may  God  preserve — [torn] — four  fam- 
ilies whom  I  have  emancipated  —  my  children,  that  the 
piece  of  land  'in  this  city  is  not  sufficient  for  all ;  and  by 
granting  us  the  aforesaid  land  we  may  receive  some  ben- 
efit from  our  labor,  and  my  cattle  will  be  secure  from 
the  enemy,  to  be  with  pastures  and  watering  places,  and 
that  royal  permission  be  given  me  in  the  name  of  His 
Majesty;  and  I  swear  that  this,  my  petition  is  not  made 
through  malice,  etc.  Vincente  Duran  de  Armijo" 

ROTAL  POSSESSION 

"In  the  City  of  Santa  Fe,  capital  of  the  kingdom  of 
New  Mexico,  on  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  September,  in 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     23 

the  year  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  thirty-nine,  I, 
Don  Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza,  governor  and  captain- 
general  of  said  Kingdom  hy  his  Majesty,  whom  may  God 
preserve,  having  seen  the  above,  considered  it  as  pre- 
sented, and  having  ascertained  its  contents,  I  ordered  that 
possession  be  given  to  the  petitioner  of  the  land  he  solicits. 
It  is  not,  however  the  land  he  mentions  in  his  petition, 
the  Indians  of  the  adjoining  pueblo  having  objected  to 
his  having  the  land  he  asks  for ;  although  I  caused  the 
Indians  of  said  pueblo  to  appear  before  me,  who  before 
the  petitioner,  declared  themselves  pleased  that  the  land 
should  be  given  to  him  in  the  vicinity  of  their  pueblo 
where  no  injury  would  result  to  them.  Therefore,  I  or- 
der and  direct  the  senior  justice  of  the  proper  jurisdic- 
tion to  proceed  to  place  him  in  possession  of  said  lands 
in  the  name  of  His  Majesty,  in  order  that  he  may  settle 
upon,  cultivate  and  improve  them  according  to  the  royal 
decrees,  for  himself,  children,  heirs,  successors  and  others 
having  a  better  right  thereto ;  establishing  his  boundaries 
with  all  the  formalities  required  in  the  royal  grants,  so 
that  by  virtue  of  these  formalities  all  difficulties  may  be 
prevented  in  the  future.  I  so  provided,  signed  and  or- 
dered with  my  attending  witnesses,  acting  by  appoint- 
ment, in  the  absence  of  a  royal  or  public  notary,  there 
being  none  in  this  Kingdom,  and  on  this  common  paper, 
there  being  none  which  is  stamped. 

"Don  Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza 

' '  Witnesses : 

' '  Diego  de  Ugarte 

"Joseph  de  Terrus" 

"On  the  fifth  day  of  the  month  of  October  of  the 
present  year,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  thirty- 
nine,  I,  the  senior  justice  and  war-captain  of  the  new  city 
of  Santa  Cruz  and  its  districts,  by  virtue  of  the  decree 
of  his  excellency  the  governor  and  captain-general,  Don 
Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza,  T  proceeded  to  the  pueblo 
of  Namhe  within  my  jurisdiction,  taking  with  me  five 
witnesses  to  act  in  that  capacity,  and  three  of  whom  were 
to  act  as  instrumental  and  two  as  my  attending  witnesses, 
with  whom  I  acted,  and  these  being  present  with  the  par- 
ties, Vincente  Duran  de  Armijo  and  the  Cacique  and  old 
men,  natives  of  the  pueblo,  with  the  governor  and  other 
authorities  of  the  aforesaid  pueblo  of  Namhc,  I  read  to 
them  the  foregoing  document  presented  by  Vincente  Du- 
ran de  Armijo.  I  also  read  to  them,  in  a  clear  and  audi- 
ble voice,  the  provisions  made  by  the  said  governor  and 


24     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

captain-general,  where  his  excellency  directs  and  orders 
that  possession  be  given  to  him  of  the  lands  the  petition 
asks  for,  but  afterwards  the  Indians  of  the  aforemen- 
tioned pueblo,  having  made  opposition  on  the  ground  that 
the  granting  of  the  land  asked  for  by  the  petitioner  would 
be  a  great  injury  to  them,  although  it  did  not  belong  to 
the  pueblo,  they  voluntarily  agreed  to  give  to  the  said 
Vincente  Duran  de  Armijo  a  piece  of  land  for  himself, 
his  children,  heirs  and  successors  from  the  lands  of  the 
pueblo,  in  the  place  of  that  he  asked  for,  and  which  would 
be  so  much  to  their  injury.  In  view  of  which  his  excel- 
lency provides  that  he  shall  not  have  the  lands  he  asks 
for,  but  that  which  may  be  selected  with  the  consent  of 
the  Indians,  and  I,  the  said  senior  justice,  as  aforesaid, 
all  the  natives  of  the  aforesaid  pueblo  being  present  and 
informed  of  his  excellency's  order,  and  of  all  that  had 
been  agreed  upon  Avith  the  said  Vincente  in  the  presence 
of  the  said  governor  and  captain-general,  they  stated 
that  they  would  assign,  and  did  assign,  to  the  said  Vin- 
cente Duran  de  Armijo  a  piece  of  land  to  the  west  of  the 
said  pueblo  of  Namhe,  on  the  borders  of  their  lands;  that 
on  the  said  western  side  a  small  portion  is  bounded  by 
lands  of  the  pueblo  of  Pojoaque,  whose  boundary  is  an 
arroyo  which  runs  into  the  Bio  Nanihe,  that  is  on  the 
southern  side  of  said  river  of  Nartihe,  and  on  the  east  by 
a  stone  mound  and  a  medium  sized  cedar,  which  is  the 
boundary  between  the  pueblo  and  the  said  Vincente ;  and 
on  the  north  this  little  piece  is  bounded  by  said  river  and 
on  the  south  by  an  acequia,  which  runs  along  the  foot  of 
some  barren  hills,  the  distance  being  cords  of  fifty  varas 
each  from  the  river  aforesaid  to  the  said  acequia;  and  the 
large  piece  of  land  which  they  gave  to  the  said  Armijo, 
which  is  north  of  said  river,  contains  seven  hundred  and 
forty  varas  in  latitude,  which  is  understood  to  be  from 
east  to  west,  and  from  north  to  south  it  contains  five  hun- 
dred and  fifty  varas ;  the  boundaries  of  which  are :  on  the 
north  some  stone  mounds  scattered  along  some  barren 
hills,  which  form  the  boundary  of  the  lands  of  General 
Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  and  on  the  south  is  bounded  by  the 
river  of  said  pueblo ;  on  the  east  the  boundary  is  a  cross, 
on  the  side  of  the  main  road  and  lands  of  the  Indians  of 
said  town;  and  on  the  west  lands  of  General  Juan  Paez 
Hurtado,  which  boundaries  are  marked  by  several 
mounds  of  stone,  and  on  one  of  them  is  a  holy  cross, 
which  is  to  serve  as  a  boundary  and  division,  of  which 
two  pieces  of  land  I  gave  him  royal  possession.     I  took 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     25 

him  by  the  hand  and  walked  with  him  over  said  lands. 
He  threw  stones,  pulled  up  grass,  and  cried  aloud,  saying 
long  life  to  the  King,  in  whose  royal  name  I  left  him  in 
quiet  and  peaceable  possession ;  and  he  offered  to  culti- 
vate and  settle  the  same,  as  directed  by  royal  decrees, 
under  penalty  of  forfeiture,  as  directed  by  his  Majesty 
in  his  royal  orders ;  and  in  order  that  said  possession  and 
the  consent  and  agreement  had  with  the  said  Vincente 
Duran  de  Armijo  by  the  aforesaid  Indians  be  placed  upon 
record,  I  certify  that  such  has  been  the  case,  and  I 
signed,  with  my  undersigned  attending  witnesses,  An- 
tonio Trujillo,  Tomas  Madrid  and  Gregorio  Garduno,  be- 
ing instrumental;  the  last  having  been  selected  by  the 
Cacique  and  authorities  of  the  pueb]o  at  their  request  to 
sign  for  them  the  name  of  the  aforesaid  Indians,  knowing 
not  how  to  do  so  themselves ;  and  as  aforestated  I  so 
acted  and  signed  mth  those  in  my  attendance  in  the  ab- 
sence of  a  royal  or  public  notary,  there  being  none  in 
this  kingdom,  and  on  this  common  paper,  the  stamp  not 
being  in  use  in  these  parts;  to  all  of  which  I  certify. 
"Juan  Garcia  de  Mora,  Acting  Justice. 

' '  Witnesses : 

' '  Nicolas  Ortiz 

"Franco.  Garduno 

"At  the  request  of  the  natives  of  the  Pueblo  of  Namde. 

' '  Gregorio  Garduno  ' ' 

Don  Gaspar  Ortiz,  a  prominent  New  Mexican,  inher- 
ited this  property  from  his  grandfather,  Gaspar  Ortiz, 
who  purchased  it  from  Vincente  Duran  de  Armijo.  The 
elder  Gaspar  Ortiz  lived  upon  the  property  from  1789 
until  1824,  when  he  died. 

27  ANTONIO  TAFOYA  ALTAMIRANO. 

Will,  partition  and  division  of  property.  February  18, 
1844.  Town  of  El  Paso  del  Rio  del  Norte.  The  will  is  a 
copy  certified  by  Alonzo  Victores  Rubin  de  Zelis,  Alcalde 
of  El  Paso. 

The  partition  was  made  upon  the  petition  to  Bernardo 
de  Bustamante  de  Tagle  before  Francisco  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

28  INHABITANTS  OF  ABIQUIU  and  OJO  CALIENTE. 

Petition  for  permission  to  remove.  Before  Juan  de  Bey- 
tia,  Alcalde,  and  Don  Joachin  Cod  alios  y  Rabal,  Gov- 
ernor and  Captain-General,  1748. 

The  settlers  of  Ojo  CaUentc,  Ahiquiu,  and  Puchlo  Que- 
niado  asked  to  remove  to  places  of  greater  security. 


26     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

The  inhabitants  desired  to  remove  on  account  of  the 
Indian  outrages  of  1747.  The  Indians  were  the  Utes. 
Ojo  Caliente  is  about  6,250  feet  above  sea  level;  there 
are  some  fine  hot  medicinal  springs  there.  Three  great 
pueblo  ruins  are  found  there.  They  are  Houiri,  Homayo, 
and  Poseuingge.  The  last  named  is  near  the  baths 
(springs).  The  story  of  "Montezuma"  comes  from  the 
legend  of  Poseuingge. 

The  modern  plaza  of  Abiquiu  stands  on  the  very  site  of 
an  ancient  pueblo.  The  old  pueblo,  it  is  said,  was  peo- 
pled by  Genkaros,  Indian  captives,  whom  the  Spaniards 
had  rescued  from  their  captors.  The  ruins  lie  on  the 
highest  point  of  the  present  town.  This  pueblo  is  of 
pre-Spanish  origin.  Nobody  dwelt  there  in  the  sixteenth  or 
seventeenth  centuries.  This  was  not  the  pueblo  occupied  by 
the  Genizaros.  There  were  two  settlements  made  at  Abiquiu 
in  the  eighteenth  century.  The  first  was  by  the  settlers 
who  made  this  petition  to  the  governor,  as  it  was  raided 
on  the  12th  of  August,  1747,  in  which  a  number  of  settlers 
were  killed  and  the  rest  compelled  to  leave  it. 

It  was  re-settled  in  1754,  and  Fr.  Juan  Jose  Toledo  was 
the  priest.  The  settlers  continued  to  have  trouble  with 
the  Utes  and  the  Navajos.  They  left,  but  Governor 
Mendinueta  compelled  them  to  return  to  their  homes  in 
1770.  The  mission  at  this  place  was  called  Santo  Tomas 
de  Ahiquiil.  In  1779,  there  were  851  people  living  here 
and  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  In  the  year  1808,  there 
were  122  Indians,  1,815  whites  and  half-breeds.  So  says 
Fr.  Josef  Benito  Pereyro  in  his  Noticias  de  las  Missiones, 
etc.,  Ms.  The  name  of  the  old  pueblo,  according  to  the 
Indians  of  San  Juan  M^as  Fe-jiu.  Some  of  the  Indians 
called  it  Jo-so-ge.  Jo-so  is  the  name  by  which  the  Tehuas 
knew  the  Moquis. 

The  old  pueblos  near  Ojo  Caliente  are  probably  of  the 
same  period  as  the  old  pueblo  at  Abiquiu.  They  certainly 
were  not  inhabited  when  the  Spanish  explorers  in  the 
sixteenth  century  went  as  far  north  as  Taos  (Barba). 

General  De  Vargas  passed  by  the  ruins  in  1694,  but  he 
is  mistaken  as  to  what  they  were,  as  they  were  not  the 
ruins  of  old  San  Gabriel.  See  his  Relacion  Sumaria  de 
las  Operaciones  militares  del  Ano  de  1694,  Ms.,  Washing- 
ton, Library  of  Congress. 

Don  Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal  was  governor  and  cap- 
tain-general of  New  Mexico  from  1743  to  1749.  During- 
his  administration  440  Moquis  came  to  see  him,  asking- 
protection  and  frayles.    It  is  more  than  likely  that  a  num- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     27 

ber  of  these  Moquis  were  settled  at  Ahiquiu  in  the  pueblo 
of  ^^Genizaros"  and  this  accounts  for  the  Tehua  appella- 
tion given  the  pueblo  of  Jo-so-ge. 

29  PEOPLE  OF  ALAMEDA. 

Relative  to  Joseph  Montano  having  come  upon  their 
lands.  January  20,  1750.  Before  Miguel  Lucero,  Al- 
calde. Don  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor  and  Cap- 
tain-General. 

30  SEBASTIAN  de  VARGAS  to  Antonio  Duran  de  Arm- 
ijo.     July  24,  1751.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  lands.     Before  Manuel  Gallegos,  Alcalde. 

31  JULIAN  RAEL  de  AGUILAR. 

Proceedings  in  the  matter  of  a  contested  will.  1751. 
Before  Don  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor  and  Cap- 
tain-General. 

32  MANUEL  MARTIN  to  Nicolas  de  Apodaca.     June 

7, 1751.    At  San  Francisco  Xavier  del  Pueblo  Quemado. 

Rio  Arriba  county. 

Before  Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Alcalde.  Conveyance  of 
land. 

Juan  Leon;  Felipe  Romero. 

33  MARIA  DE  HERRERA,  widow  of  Captain  Antonio 

Martin,  to  Vicente  Apodaca.     April  5,  1753.     Santa 

Cruz  del  Ojo  Caliente. 

Donation  of  land.     Before  Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Alcalde. 
Antonio  Pacheco;  Gregorio  Sandoval. 

34  JOSE  GABRIEL  VITTON    (BITON)   to  Tomas  de 

Armijo.     December  20,  1758.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Al- 
calde. 

This  deed  refers  to  the  Rio  Chiquito. 

35  MARCIAL  GONZALES  to  Francisco  de  Analla  (An- 

aya).     June  4,  1759.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Al- 
calde. 

36  TOWN  OF  ABIQUIU. 

Order  for  its  re-settlement.     November  2,   1770.     Made 


28     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

by  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  IMendiniieta,  Governor  and  Cap- 
tain-General. 

Refers  to   the  re-settlement  of  Abiqniu   by   Governor 
Tomas  Veles  Cachupin. 

37  ROSALIA  de  GILTOMEY,  widow  of  Juan  Manuel  Va- 

rela,  to  Isabel  de  Armijo,  widow  of  Antonio  de  Sena. 

November  21,  1760.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Al- 
calde. 

38  PEDRO  ANTONIO  BUSTAMANTE  Y  TAGLE  to 
Marcial  Angel.     July  26,  1762.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.     Before  Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde. 

39  MANUEL  de  ARMIJO  and  JUAN  de  LEDESMA. 

Entry  of  a  mine  about  one  league  south  of  the  Cerrillos 
rancho  and  called  Nuestra  Senora  de  Los  Dolores  in  the 
papers.  Before  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor  and 
Captain-General. 

40  JOSEPHA  DE  LA  ASCENCION,  widow  of  Hernando 

Martin.     October  29,  1767. 

Claim  for  lands  donated  by  Mateo  Martin  in  the  Puehlo 
Quemado.  Before  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta, 
Governor  and  Captain-General. 

41  MARCELA  TRUGILLO  to  Ines  de  Apodaca.     October 
30, 1767.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.   Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

42  JOAQUIN  DE  ALDERETE. 

Will.     April  9,  1767.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

43  JOSE  IGNACIO  ALARID  and  GABRIEL  QUINT- 
ANA.     March  21,  1768.     County  of  Rio  Arriba. 

Grant  of  land.  Made  by  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Men- 
dinueta, Captain-General.  Possession  given  by  Antonio 
Joseph  Ortiz,  Alcalde.  Boundaries:  North,  Manuel  Lu- 
eero ;  south,  Joseph  Baca ;  east  and  west,  the  boundaries 
held  by  the  former  owner,  Geronimo  Pacheco. 

44  ANTONIO  ARMIJO.     May  18,  1769.     County  of  San- 
ta Fe. 

Grant  of  land.     Made  by  Don  Pedro  Fermin  De  Men- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     29 

dinueta,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Four  hundred 
varas  square.  Adjoining  the  City  of  Santa  Fe.  Posses- 
sion given  by  Felipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde. 

45  JUANA  BENABIDES  to  Ignacio  Alarid.     March  23, 
1772.     County  of  Smita  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land  on  the  Tesuque  river.  Before  Manuel 
Garcia  Pare j a,  Alcalde. 

46  CARNUEL  TRACT. 

Petition  of  persons  of  Alhurqiierque  to  settle  upon  the 
same.  March  24,  1774.  Denied.  Before  Don  Pedro  Fer- 
min  de  Mendinueta,  Governor  and  Captain-General,  and  a 
report  made  by  Francisco  Trebol  Navarro,  Alcalde. 

47  MANUELA  BRITO  to  Tomas  Alire.     August  28,  1774. 
City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Al- 
calde. 

48  GERTRUDIS  ARMIJO,  wife  of  MANUEL  VIGIL. 
1776. 

Inventory  of  her  effects.  Before  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de 
Mendinueta,  Captain-General  and  Manuel  Vigil,  Alcalde. 
County  of  Taos. 

49  LAZARO  ATENCIO. 

Will.  August  1,  1777.  Before  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja, 
Alcalde. 

50  FRANCISCA  TRUXILLO  to  Maria  de  Guadalupe  de 
Archibeque.     September  14, 1767.     Com\ij  oi  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.     Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

51  HEIRS  OF  THE  ALAMEDA  TRACT  vs.  PEDRO 

BARELA.     1778.     County  of  Bernalillo. 

Opposition  to  sale  of  lands.  Before  Francisco  Trebol 
Navarro,  Acting  Captain-General. 

52  ANTONIO  DE  ARMENTA. 

Land  grant.  1789.  County  of  Bernalillo.  Made  by  Don 
Fernando  de  la  Concha,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 
Possession  given  by  Antonio  Jose  Ortiz,  Alcalde.  Two 
hundred  varas. 


30     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

53  INHABITANTS  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  ALBURQUER- 

QUE  vs.  ANTONIO  DE  SILBA.     No  date. 

Requiring  him  to  give  up  a  land  grant  which  he  has  in 
his  possession.     Before  Juan  Gonzales  Baz,  Alcalde. 

54  SALVADOR  ARMIJO.     September  22, 1803.     County 

of  Santa  Fe. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  estate.  Before  Pedro  Bau- 
tista  Pino,  Alcalde. 

55  NEMESIO  SALCEDO,  Comandante.     August  11, 1809. 

Permitting  Jose  Manuel  Aragon  to  occupy  land  at  La- 
guna. 

This  is  a  letter  from  Neraesio  Salcedo,  the  commandant 
general  at  Chihuahua,  to  the  acting  governor  of  New 
Mexico,  dated  August  11,  1809,  stating  that  there  are  no 
grounds  for  granting  the  petition  of  Jose  Manuel  Aragon, 
who  had  asked  that  certain  lands,  belonging  to  the  In- 
dians of  Laguna,  which  he  had  formerly  used,  be  turned 
over  to  him;  but  in  view  of  Aragon 's  being  the  al- 
calde of  that  district,  having  a  large  family,  and  being  in 
need,  Salcedo  had  decided  that  as  long  as  Aragon  should 
continue  in  the  office  of  alcalde  he  might  have  designated 
for  his  use  a  piece  of  land  large  enough  to  enable  him  to 
raise  crops  needed  by  his  family,  but  that  he  could  not 
claim  title  to  the  land. 

56  JUAN  DE  AGUILAR.     August  17, 1818. 

Question  of  boundaries  with  the  Pueblo  of  the  Pecos.  Be- 
fore Don  Facundo  Melgares,  Governor.  Vicente  Villan- 
ueva.  Alcalde. 

Puel)lo  of  Pecos ;  measurements  made  from  the  church 
and  the  location  of  the  latter  with  respect  to  the  end  of 
the  pueblo  at  that  time  (1818)  occupied  by  the  Indians. 

In  the  same  item  is  a  report  made  to  Governor  Pedro 
Maria  de  AUande  by  Jose  Vicente  Ortiz,  alcalde,  in  re- 
gard to  the  property  of  Francisco  Garcia,  dated  at  Sehol- 
letta,  June  16,  1818.     County  of  Valencia. 

This  is  a  petition  of  Juan  de  Aguilar  to  the  governor 
of  New  Mexico,  complaining  that  the  alcalde  of  El  Vado, 
Don  Vineente  Villanueva,  had  made  certain  measurements 
from  the  pueblo  of  Pecos  in  defiance  of  the  accepted  rules 
for  such  operations,  in  that  he  had  begun  them  at  the 
edge  of  the  town,  instead  of  at  the  cross  in  the  cemetery, 
and  with  a  cord  one  hundred  varas  in  length  instead  of 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     31 

only  fifty,  which  alleged  errors  had  resulted  in  extending 
the  boundaries  of  the  league  of  the  Indians  so  as  to  em- 
brace land  belonging  to  the  petitioner,  and  also  lands  be- 
longing to  other  citizens.  The  petitioner  asks  the  gover- 
nor to  decide  the  two  questions  raised  by  him  as  to  the 
correct  manner  of  making  the  measurements. 

On  August  19,  1818,  Governor  Melgares  called  upon  the 
alcalde  to  report  on  the  matter,  which  he  did  on  the  same 
day. 

He  says  that  no  injury  had  resulted  to  anyone  from  the 
use  of  the  hundred  vara  cord,  because  he  had  dampened 
it  and  stretched  it  out  by  two  stakes,  to  offset  what  shrink* 
age  it  may  have  suffered  while  it  had  been  coiled ;  that  he 
had  presented  it  to  the  petitioner,  his  son  and  others,  who 
had  again  stretched  it  until  they  broke  it;  that  with  this 
cord  he  had  made  the  measurement,  with  which  they  were 
satisfied;  that  the  statement  that  other  lands  than  those 
of  the  petitioner  were  embraced  in  the  league  was  false; 
that  if  he  had  used  a  shorter  cord  it  would  have  been  to 
the  injury  of  the  Indians,  on  account  of  the  irregular  and 
broken  character  of  the  ground ;  etc.,  etc. 

In  regard  to  his  beginning  at  the  edge  of  the  pueblo  he 
states  that  he  knew  it  was  the  custom  (but  not  a  fixed  rule) 
to  begin  at  the  cross  in  the  cemetery ;  that  the  reason  for 
this  was  that  in  all  the  puehlos,  except  Pecos,  the  church 
was  approximately  in  the  center  of  the  pueblo ;  that  in 
addition  to  the  pueblo  of  Pecos  being  long,  the  church 
was  more  than  a  hundred  varas  distant  from  one  of  its 
extremities,  which  extremity  was  opposite  to  the  one  then 
occupied  by  the  Indians;  that  he  had  made  two  other 
measurements  which  were  favorable  to  the  citizens;  etc. 

No  action  appears  to  have  been  taken  on  this  report 
by  the  governor, 

57  JOSE  ANTONIO  ALARID. 

Will,  March  12,  1822.  County  of  Santa  Fe.  Before 
Josef  Salaises,  Captain  of  the  military  company. 

58  JOSE  ANTONIO  ALARID. 

Grant,  April  29,  1822.  County  of  Santa  Fe.  Made  by 
the  Ayuntamiento  of  Santa  Fe.  At  Galisteo.  Possession 
given  by  Pedro  Armendaris,  Alcalde. 

59  AGAPITOALBA.    April  26,  1823. 

Petition  for  a  piece  of  land.  Forwarded  by  Jose  Ignacio 
Rascon  to  the  Governor  of  the  Province. 


32     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

60  JUAN  ANTONIO  ARMIJO;  MATTIAS  DURAN; 
ANTONIO  LUXAN;  RAFAEL  ROIBAL;  JOSE  MA- 
RIA ROIBAL ;  JOSE  MARTINEZ.     March  3, 1825. 

Grant.  Made  by  the  Territorial  Deputation.  Hijiielas 
made  by  Diego  Padilla,  Alcalde.  No  hijuela  on  file  in 
favor  of  Jose  Martinez.  Land  situate  on  the  Pecos  river, 
Land  granted  to  the  Sacristan,  Diego  Padilla,  mentioned. 

61  TOWN  OF  ABIQUIU.     See  Reported  Grant. 

62  PUEBLO  OF  THE  PECOS. 

Report  concerning  area  of  lands.  By  Jose  Ramon  Alarid. 
August  21,  1826. 

63  JOSE  RAMON  ALARID. 

Reports  that  Gregorio  Arteaga,  attorney  of  the  half- 
breeds,  refuses  to  go  to  El  Bado  to  attend  to  the  matter  of 
the  land  called  "La  Cttesta."  Report  made  to  Antonio 
Narbona,  Governor,  etc. 

64  SEBOLETTA  GRANT.    1827. 

Question  of  partition  of  lands.  Before, Pedro  Iturrieta, 
Alcalde,  and  Jose  Antonio  Chaves  y  Duran,  Secretary  of 
the  Ayuntamiento.  Salvador  Ansures  for  his  wife,  Leo- 
garda  Chaves,  through  her  father,  Jose  Antonio  Chaves. 

65  TOWN  OF  ABIQUIU.     See  Reported  Grant. 

66  RAMON  ABREU. 

Registration  of  a  mine.  October  29,  1832.  Location  — 
Real  de  los  Dolores.  County  of  Santa  Fe.  Jose  Fran- 
cisco Terms  and  Ramon  Abreu  for  themselves  and  others. 
Registration  of  a  mine.  June  5,  1832.  Situate  in  the 
Sierra  de  San  Lazaro,  near  the  Ojo  del  Oso,  county  of 
Santa  Fe. 

67  JUAN  BENAVIDES. 

Question  of  mines.  December  24,  1835.  Real  de  Dolores, 
county  of  Santa  Fe. 

68  ANTONIO  ARMIJO,  et  ah 

Report  of  Commissioners  on  their  petition  for  lands  in  the 
Badito  del  Arroyo ;  report  is  made  to  the  Territorial  Depu- 
tation, December  23,  1835. 


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THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  33 

69  JOSE  MANUEL  ANGEL ;  MANUEL  ANGEL ;  CAR- 
LOS TORRES;  FRANCISCO  CRESPIN;  JULIAN 
GAYEGOS ;  DIEGO  ANTONIO  CRESPIN ;  RAFAEL 
CRESPIN;  JOSE  PABLO  MONTOYA;  ANTONIO 
BIGIL. 

Petition  for  lands  at  place  called  '^Arco  del  Arroyo  de 
Galisteo."     September  28,  1839.     No  action  taken. 

70  JUAN  LORENZO  ALIRE. 

Grant.  October  12,  1844.  Situate  in  ''Los  Valles  de 
Santa  Gertrudis  de  la  de  Mora."  Made  by  Tomas  Ortiz, 
Judge. 

71  MARIA  CONCEPCION  ARMIJO.     1844. 

Question  of  lands,  near  Los  Corrales,  Bernalillo  county. 

72  JUAN  NEPOMUCENO  ALARID. 

Will.     November  27,  1844.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

73  MARIA  CONCEPCION  ARMIJO,  wife  of  Nicolas  San- 
doval.    1844. 

Question  of  lands,  before  Mariano  Martinez,  Governor, 
and  Tomas  Ortiz,  Alcalde.  Los  Corrales^  Bernalillo 
county.  Item  No.  71,  q.  v.  With  the  estate  of  Juan 
Pino,  deceased. 

74  NASARIO  MARTINEZ  to  Josefa  Armijo.  July  15, 
1844.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.     Before  Tomas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

75  NASARIO  AGUILAR. 

Grant.  October  8,  1844.  Situate  in  the  "valle  de  Santa 
Gertrudis  de  Mora."  Made  by  Tomas  Ortiz,  Judge  of 
1st  Instance.    No.  70  ante,  q.  v. 

76  FRANCISCO  ROMERO  de  PEDRAZA  to  Domingo  de 

la  Barreda.     June  26, 1698.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  lands.  Before  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros, 
Alcalde.     Testimonio. 

77  ANA  LUJAN  to  Diego  de  Veccia.  September,  1701. 
County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  lands.  Before  Joseph  Kodriguez,  Alcalde. 


34     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

78     CRISTOBAL    JARAMILLO    and   JUAN    BARELA 

JARAMILLO.     February  26,  1704. 

Question  of  lands  with  the  Indians  of  San  Felipe,  county 
of  Bernalillo.  Before  the  Marques  de  la  Nava  de 
Brazinas,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Alfonso  Rael 
de  Aguilar. 

Petition  for  a  grant  of  lands  to  Spanish  citizens  at  the 
place  called  Angostura,  the  lands  at  the  time  (1704)  be- 
ing occupied  by  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of  San  Felipe.  The 
attorney  for  the  Indians  opposed  the  making  of  the  grant 
because  of  their  loyalty  to  tlie  crown  during  the  uprisings 
of  1693  and  1696  and  the  grant  was  refused. 

Petition  by  Cristobal  Barela  Jaramillo  and  Juan 
Barela  Jaramillo,  to  the  governor  of  New  Mexico,  asking 
that  they  be  granted  lands  at  Angostura,  on  the  west 
side  of  the  Rio  Grande.  Apparently  the  lands  asked  for 
were  being  vised  by  the  San  Felipe  Indians,  as  the  peti- 
tioners ask  that  the  lands  belonging  to  those  Indians  be 
measured,  and  state  that  the  Indians  have  more  lands 
than  the  law  allows,  and  that  it  is  not  fair  that  this 
should  be  permitted,  while  the  petitionee  are  without 
lands. 

They  say  in  regard  to  the  boundaries:  "The  said 
lands  are  on  this  side  (of  the  river)  and  they  adjoin  the 
lands  of  Captain  Don  Fernando  on  the  south  side,  and 
on  the  north  side  by  the  lands  of  said  Indians,  and  on 
the  east  by  the  Del  Norte  river,  and  on  the  west  by  the 
tablelands. ' ' 

This  petition  was  presented  to  Goveruor  De  Vargas,  at 
Bernalillo,  on  February  26,  1704,  and  he  thereupon  or- 
dered that  the  chief  alcaldes,  Diego  Montoya  and  Don 
Fernando  Duran  y  Chaves,  together  with  the  attorney 
for  the  Indians,  Don  Alfonso  Rael  de  Aguilar,  should 
inspect  the  lands  in  question,  and  report  to  him  as  to 
what  might  be  properly  granted  to  the  petitioners. 

On  February  29,  1704,  the  alcalde,  Diego  Montoya,  and 
the  attorney  for  the  Indians,  Alfonso  Rael  de  Aguilar, 
went  to  Angostura  to  examine  the  lands,  and  the  latter 
made  a  statement,  in  favor  of  the  Indians  and  against 
the  petitioners,  which  is  set  forth  at  length  in  the  manu- 
script, and  is  signed  by  him.  He  alleges,  among  many 
other  reasons  for  not  making  the  grant,  that  the  lands 
had  been  held  by  the  natives  of  the  puehlo  since  its 
foundation ;  that  the  petitioners  had  a  great  deal  of  live 
stock  which  would  trespass  on  the  Indians'  lands;  that 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     35 

the  petitioners  had  a  grant  of  lands  on  the  other  side  of 
the  river;  that  the  Indians  ought  to  be  treated  with  con- 
sideration because  of  the  loyalty  they  had  displayed 
during  the  uprisings  of  1693  and  1696,  etc.,  etc. 

This  proceeding  was  not  signed  by  Montoya,  because 
of  his  having  suffered  a  severe  injury  to  his  arm,  by  a 
fall ;  and  it  is  stated  that  the  alcalde,  Don  Fernando  Du- 
ran  y  Chaves,  did  not  participate  in  the  proceedings  be- 
cause he  was  not  at  home. 

No  grant  appears  to  have  been  made  to  the  petitioners. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  this  manuscript  indicates  that 
the  town  of  Bernalillo  was  at  that  time  on  the  west  side 
of  the  Rio  Grande. 

79  JOSE  FRESQUES  and  MARIA  de  HERRERA,  liis 
wife,  to  Simon  Baca.  November  13,  1716.  County  of 
Rio  Arriba. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Juan  Garcia  de  las  Rivas, 
Alcalde. 

80  FRANCISCO  ALBERTO  de  la  MORA  to  Simona  de 

Bejar.     November  14, 1716.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  lands.  Before  Francisco  Lorenzo  de  Cas- 
sados.  Alcalde. 

81  VALENTINA  de  MONTES  de  OCA  to  the  woman 

called  La  Benavides  because  she  is  the  widow  of  Nicolas 

Benavides.     June  21, 1723.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Francisco  Bueno  de  Bo- 
horques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 

82  ANTONIO  BALLEJO. 

Will.     June  7,  1727.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

83  DIEGO  MANUEL  BACA. 

Will.    March  23,  1727.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

84  JOSEPH  BASQUEZ. 

Grant.  March  16,  1727.  Made  by  Don  Juan  Domingo 
de  Bustamante,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  An- 
tonio Grusiaga,  Secretary  of  War  and  Government. 
Grant  revoked  by  Governor  Cruzate.  Rejected  "Lo  de 
Basquez"  by  court  of  private  land  claims. 


36     THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

85    JUAN  DE  LEON  BRITO. 

Grant.  Originally  made  to  his  father  by  Don  Diego  de 
Vargas  Zapata  Liijan  Ponce  de  Leon.  Re-validated  by 
Don  Juan  Domingo  de  Bustamante,  Governor,  August 
27,  1738.     Testimonio. 

Another  grant,  made  by  Don  Gaspar  Domingo  de 
Bustamante,  August  20,  1742.  Both  of  these  grants  are 
apparently  small  and  close  to  Santa  Fe.  Antonio  de 
Cruciaga;  Antonio  de  Hulibarri;  Gregorio  Garduiio;  Jo- 
seph de  Terrus.  The  following  are  given  in  full,  illus- 
trative of  forms  in  use : 

"Town  of  Santa  Fe,  August  5th,  1728,  before  his  ex- 
cellency, the  governor  and  captain-general  of  this  king- 
dom of  New  Mexico,  it  was  presented  by  the  party  stated 
therein,  to  wit,  Juan  de  Leon  Brito,  Mexican,  and  settler 
of  the  u'ard  of  Analco,  in  this  town  of  Santa  Fe :  I  ap- 
pear before  your  excellency  in  the  best  form  allowed  me 
by  law  and  say  that  I,  having  come  into  this  kingdom, 
and  a  grant  having  been  made  to  me  of  certain  lands  that 
formerly  belonged  to  my  father,  may  he  rest  in  peace,  by 
the  General  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponce 
Leon,  deceased,  in  the  name  of  his  majesty,  consisting  of 
one  sitio  of  lands,  and  now  I  having  settled  on  it,  and 
because  the  said  grant  papers  are  not  in  my  possession, 
I  ask  of  your  greatness  to  revalidate  to  me  the  said  land, 
which  lies  at  the  other  side  [handa]  of  this  town,  its 
boundaries  being,  on  the  north  the  acequia  from  which 
Captain  Bargas  irrigates,  and  on  the  south  another  ditch 
of  the  same  person,  and  on  the  east  lands  of  Pedro  Lo- 
pez, on  the  west  the  road  leading  to  Pecos;  for  all  of 
which  I  ask  and  beg  your  excellency,  with  the  greatest 
veneration  due,  to  concede  to  me  said  grant  of  said 
lands  in  the  name  of  the  King  my  master,  for  myself 
and  my  wife  and  my  children  and  heirs,  for  I  swear  by 
God  our  Lord  and  the  Holy  Cross  that  this  my  state- 
ment is  not  made  in  bad  faith,  and  in  the  necessary,  etc. 

"Juan  de  Leon  Brito." 

The  "Britos"  were  Tlascalan  Indians.  The  "Analco" 
district  surrounds  the  old  chapel  of  San  Miguel.  "An- 
alco" means,  "the  other  side  of  the  river." 

"And  it  having  been  seen  by  his  excellency  he  received 
it  as  presented,  and  in  view  of  what  the  party  states  his 
excellency  said  that  he  ought  and  did  command  Sebas- 
tian de  Bargas  and  Pedro  Lopez,  for  the  reason  that 
these  were  the  nearest  neighbors  to  the  lands  petitioned 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     37 

for  by  this  party  that  if  they  should  have  any  right  to 
the  same  they  should  bring  it  forward,  with  such  instru- 
ments as  they  might  have,  in  order  to  give  to  each  one 
his  due,  and  it  not  being  of  any  injury  to  any  third 
party  representing  a  better  claim  that  it  should  be  ad- 
judicated for  and  revalidated  to  him  in  the  bona  fide 
possession  that  he  now  enjoys.  Thus  it  was  decreed, 
commanded  and  signed  by  his  excellency  D.  Juan  Do- 
mingo Bustamante  before  me,  the  actual  secretary  of 
government  and  war,  by  order  of  his  excellency  the  gov- 
ernor and  captain-general. 

"Antto.  de  Crusiaga   [rubric] 
"Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 

"In  the  said  town,  on  the  17th  day  of  the  month  of 
August,  1728,  by  virtue  of  the  command  in  the  above 
provision,  Selaastian  de  Bargas  was  cited,  who,  having 
known  of  the  registration  of  land  sought  by  Juan  de 
Leon  Brito,  he  stated  that  he  is  not  harmed,  for  the  rea- 
son that  it  lies  beyond  his  own  lands,  and  because  the 
ditches  referred  to  form  boundary  lines  only;  in  view  of 
which  he  has  no  opposition  to  offer  to  the  possession  and 
ownership  sought  by  the  party,  and  he  signed  it  with 
me,  the  actual  secretary  of  government  and  war. 

"Sebastian  de  Bargas 

"Before  me:  Antonio  de  Cruciaga, 
"Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 

"Immediately  thereafter,  Pedro  Lopez  not  being  within 
the  realm,  his  wife  was  cited  to  appear,  and  she  offered 
the  bill  of  sale  made  by  Don  Miguel  de  Coca  to  Josepha 
Lopez,  daughter  of  the  said  Pedro  Lopez,  and  from  its 
contents  it  appears  that  this  party  is  not  harmed  by  the 
lands  asked  for  by  Juan  de  Leon  Brito,  for  he  only  cites 
it  as  a  boundary,  on  which  she  did  not  sign,  because  she 
did  not  know  how.     I  signed  it,  to  which  I  certify. 

"At  said  town,  on  said  month  and  year,  his  excellency 
the  Governor  and  Captain-General  of  this  kingdom  of 
New  Mexico,  having  seen  the  citations  that  preceded,  and 
it  appearing  from  them  that  no  harm  is  occasioned  to 
any  third  party  by  the  grant  of  lands  which  Juan  de 
Leon  Brito  asks  to  be  revalidated  to  him  anew,  which  he 
says  were  given  to  him  by  General  Don  Diego  de  Vargas, 
for  the  reason  that  he  has  no  title  papers,  and  in  view  of 
all  this  his  excellency,  in  the  name  of  his  majesty,  may 
God  preserve  him,  makes  and  revalidates  to  him  the 
grant,  protecting  him  as  he  does  in  the  possession  that 


38     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

he  has  acquired  in  good  faith  for  himself  and  which  he 
now  acquires  judicially,  so  that  he  may  not  be  dispos- 
sessed of  the  same  without  first  being  proceeded  against 
according  to  law,  and  in  order  that  he,  his  heirs  and  suc- 
cessors, may  enjoy  the  products  of  the  same,  and  in 
order  that  he  may  be  able  to  exchange,  sell,  and  transfer 
as  his  own  property  and  of  his  wife,  except  that  he  shall 
not  convey  it  to  prohibited  persons;  thus  be  decreed, 
ordered,  and  signed  before  me,  the  actual  secretary  of 
government  and  war.     I  certify.  Bustamante 

"Antonio  de  Cruciaga 
"Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 

"This  copy  agrees  with  its  original,  which  remains  in 
the  archives  of  this  government,  from  which  I  made  the 
same  for  the  benefit  of  the  party  on  this  day,  the  30th 
of  August,  1728.  It  is  true  and  faithful,  corrected  and 
compared  and  at  its  making  the  witnesses  w^ere  Juan 
Joseph  Moreno  and  Don  Alfonso  Rael  de  Aguilar,  they 
being  present.  I  make  my  customary  signature  in  testi- 
mony of  the  truth.  Antonio  de  Cruciaga  [rubric] 
"Secretary  of  Government  and  "War." 

SECOND   GRANT 

"Santa  Fe,  August  18th,  1742.  Let  the  alcalde  mayor 
report  if  it  is  proper  for  the  petitioner  in  this  petition, 
in  order  to  provide  what  may  be  convenient. 

"Mendoza" 

"Juan  de  Leon  Brito,  resident  of  the  town  of  Santa 
Fe,  at  the  feet  of  the  greatness  of  your  excellency,  in  all 
form  allowed  to  me  by  law,  and  which  may  to  me  belong, 
I  say,  sir,  that  whereas  I  am  loaded  with  duties  to  which 
I  must  necessarily  attend,  and  because  I  have  not  land 
sufficient,  because  that  which  I  have  is  small,  I  have  seen 
fit  to  have  registered  a  tract  of  lands  lying  at  the  other 
side  (banda)  of  the  river  where  a  eafiada  is  formed,  and 
its  boundaries  are  the  following :  On  the  east  it  is  bounded 
by  the  highway  {camino  real)  that  leads  to  Pecos,  on 
the  west  it  is  bounded  by  another  road  that  likewise  goes 
to  Pecos,  on  the  south  with  lands  of  Luiz  de  Armenta, 
and  on  the  north  with  lands  of  Captain  Manuel  Thenorio, 
which  lands  I  ask  for  in  the  name  of  his  Majesty,  whom 
may  God  preserve,  to  be  given  to  me  as  a  grant,  I  peti- 
tion your  excellency  with  all  due  submission  to  concede 
them  to  me,  for  I  am  a  poor  man,  and  if  they  are  granted 
to  me  that  royal  possession  shall  be  given  me,  for  I  will 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     39 

receive  grace  and  profit.     I  swear  in  all  form  that  this 
petition  is  not  done  in  bad  faith. 

' '  Juan  de  Leon  Brito  ' ' 

' '  Having  seen  and  examined  the  lands  petitioned  for  by 
this  party,  I  say  that  it  is  proper,  because  he  has  it 
registered,  and  they  are  recognized  as  lands  of  the  King, 
my  Lord,  whom  may  God  preserve,  whereupon  your  ex- 
cellency may  do  what  shall  be  just,  which  shall  be  as  in 
every  case  the  best,  and  that  it  may  so  appear  I  signed 
it  on  June  19th,  1742. 

"Antonio  de  Ulibarri  [rubric]  " 

"In  the  town  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  20tli  of  August, 
1742,  I,  the  lieutenant-colonel,  governor,  and  captain-gen- 
eral of  this  kingdom  of  New  Mexico,  Don  Gaspar  Do- 
mingo de  Mendoza,  ought  to  command  and  did  command, 
in  view  of  the  report  of  Captain  Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  al- 
calde mayor  of  said  town,  to  place  the  petitioner  in  this 
petition  in  possession  of  the  land  that  he  asks  for,  so  that 
in  the  name  of  his  Majesty  he  may  possess  and  cultivate 
the  same ;  thus  I  provided,  ordered,  and  signed  with  those 
of  my  attendants  with  whom  I  act,  as  customary  on  ac- 
count of  the  actual  conditions  of  this  reabn.     It  is  valid. 

"Don  Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza  [rubric] 
"Joseph  de  Terrus 
' '  Juan  Phe.  de  Rivera  ' ' 

' '  In  the  town  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  20th  day  of  the  month 
of  August,  1742,  I,  the  captain,  Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  al- 
calde mayor  of  this  town,  in  obedience  to  the  order  of  his 
excellency,  the  Colonel  Don  Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza, 
governor  and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom,  I,  the 
said  alcalde  mayor,  went  upon  the  lands  that  this  party 
states,  and  I  took  him  by  the  hand  and  walked  with  him 
over  said  lands.  He  plucked  grass,  east  stones,  shouted, 
saying  'Long  live  the  King,  my  Lord,  Don  Phillipe  +he 
Fifth,  whom  may  God  preserve,'  the  witnesses  to  the 
royal  possession  being  Tomas  de  Sena  and  Cayetano 
Lovato.  Thus  I  acted  with  the  witnesses  of  my  attend- 
ance for  the  lack  of  public  or  royal  notary,  for  there  are 
none  in  this  kingdom,  upon  the  actual  paper,  for  there 
is  none  of  the  seal  in  these  regions,  to  which  I  certify. 

"Antonio  de  Ulibarri   [rubric] 

"Judge  Commissioner. 
"Gregorio  Garduno." 


•o"- 


40     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

86  PEDRO  GOMEZ  de  CHAVES  to  Bernabe  Baca.  March 
26, 1732.     County  of  Bernalillo. 

Conveyance.    Before  Juan  Gonzales  Bas. 

87  BENTURA  de  la  CANDELARIA  to  Salvador  Barela. 
May  7, 1734.     County  of  Bernalillo. 

Conveyance.     Before  Geronimo  Jaramillo. 

88  CRISTOBAL  BACA. 

Will  and  inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.     1739. 
County  of  Santa  Fe. 

89  VALENTINA  MONTES  de  OCA  to  Juana  de  Bena- 
vides.     June  9, 1739.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance.     Before  Antonio  Montoya.     Ante  No.  81. 

90  JUANA  DE  BENAVIDES  and  TOMASA  de  BENA- 
VIDES.     June  11, 1739.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Exchange.     Before  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 

91  JUAN  DE  BENAVIDES  to  Tomasa  de  Benavides.  June 
15,  1739.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance.    Before  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 

92  BERNABE  BACA  vs.  NICOLAS  de  CHAVES.     1704. 

Reported  case  of  Nicolas  de  Chaves,  q.  v. 

93  ANTONIO  MONTOYA  to  Juan  de  Benavides.    No- 
vember 23, 1744.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  a  piece  of  land  above  the  Pueblo  of  San 
Diego  de  Tesuque.    Before  Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  Alcalde. 

94  JOSEPHABACA. 

Will  and  inventory  of  estate.     1746.     County  of  Berna- 
lillo.    At  Pajarito. 

95  MAGDALENA  MARTIN,  by  her  executor,  Manuel 

Montoya,  to  Pedro  Baptista.    April  11, 1751. 

Conveyance  of  land  in  the  county  of  Rio  Arriha.  Before 
Juan  Jose  Lobato,  Alcalde. 

96  ANTONIO  DURAN  to  Salvador  Barela.    April  22, 
1752.     County  of  Taos. 

Conveyance.     Before  Juan  Joseph  Lobato.     The  donor 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     41 

was  the  wife  of  Juan  Antonio  Giron  and  acquired  the 
property  by  inheritance  from  her  mother,  Rosa  Martin. 

97  SEBASTIAN  MARTIN  to  Salvador  Barela.  April 
22,  1752.     County  of  Taos. 

Conveyance.    Before  Juan  Jose  Lobato,  Alcalde, 

98  DIEGO  BASQUEZ  BORREGO,  of  Rio  Ahajo. 

Will  and  proceedings.  Santa  Fe,  May  5,  1753.  Before 
Don  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor.  Tomas  de  Alvear 
y  CoUado. 

99  SEBASTIAN  MARTIN  to  Salvador  Barela  and  Fran- 
cisco Barela.  October  8,  1753.  County  of  Santa  Fe. 
Pueblo  Quemado. 

Conveyance.     Before  Juan  Jose  Sandoval,  Alcalde. 

100  MANUEL  MARTIN  to  Tiburcio  Barela.  November 
6, 1753.     County  of  Rio  Arriba. 

Conveyance.    Before  Juan  Jose  Sandoval,  Alcalde. 

101  MANUEL  BACA. 

"Will,    May  6,  1755.    No  residence  stated. 

102  EUSEBIO  LEYBA  to  Tomasa  de  Benavides.     June 

9,  1759.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance.  Before  Francisco  Guerrero.  Manuel  Ber- 
nardo Garvisu. 

103  DIEGO  BASQUEZ  BORREGO. 

Inventory  of  the  estate  of.     Ante  No.  98,  q.  v. 

104  TOMASA  BENAVIDES. 

Inventory  of  estate  of  and  partition  of  the  same. 

105  ANTONIO  BACA  vs.  INHABITANTS  OF  RIO  PUER- 

CO. 

The  original  settlers  of  Rio  Puerco  were  Joaquin  de 
Luna,  district  lieutenant,  Joaquin  Romero,  Maria  Ro- 
salia Romero,  Pedro  Varela,  Juan  Pedro  Sisneros,  Diego 
Basques  Borrego,  Bernardo  Ballejo,  Jose  de  Luna,  An- 
tonio Lucero,  Andres  Manzanares,  Francisco  Lovato,  Gas- 
par  Gonzales,  Jose  Romero,  Juan  Ygnacio  Romero,  An- 
tonio Martin,  Juan  Lorenzo  Atencio,  Antonio  Martin, 
Pablo    Martin,    Matias    Salazar,    Miguel    Romero,    Juan 


42     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Diego  Tnijillo,  Alejandro  Espinosa,  Mateo  Salazar,  Sal- 
vador Trujillo,  Pedro  Agnilar,  Juan  Gonzales,  Francisco 
Borrego,  Jose  Miguel  Logardo,  Francisco  Giron,  Santiago 
Pais.  Antonio  Romero,  Marcelina  Francisco,  Tomas 
Antonio  Romero,  Alonzo  Gonzales,  and  Antonio 
Lucero.  At  the  time  that  this  petition  was  made  the  pe- 
titioners stated  that  there  were  grazing  upon  the  tract 
about  ten  thousand  head  of  sheep  and  cattle.  One  of  the 
reasons  for  making  of  this  grant  was  that  the  settlement 
would  serve  as  a  barrier  to  the  Ute  and  Navajo  tribes  of 
Indians.  The  tract  is  described  as  follows :  On  the  north 
the  Tortugas  creek;  on  the  south  the  southern  point  of 
the  mesa  continguous  to  the  Hondo  creek ;  on  the  east 
the  side  of  the  mountain  extending  from  Jemez  to  the 
Piedra  Lumbre,  looking  toward  the  Jemez  pueblo,  and 
on  the  west  the  '' Arroyo  de  en  Media." 

Captain  Antonio  Baca  was  granted  a  tract  of  land 
known  as  Nuestra  Seiiora  de  la  Luz  de  los  Lagunitas  del 
Rio  Puerco  previous  to  1761 ;  he  was  afterward  dispos- 
sessed and  the  property  was  given  to  Joaquin  Mestas. 
Baca  commenced  proceedings  before  Don  Manuel  Portillo 
Urrisola  which  were  concluded  in  1762  by  Governor  Veles 
Cachupin,  who  on  July  20,  1762,  re-granted  the  land  to 
Antonio  Baca.  The  questions  involved  were  referred  to 
Don  Juan  Ygnaeio  Garcia  Villegas,  counselor  for  the 
Royal  Audience  of  Guadalajara,  who  decided  in  favor  of 
Captain  Baca.  The  grant  was  first  made  to  Baca  by 
Governor  Marin  del  Valle.  Baca  states  in  his  petition 
that  he  had  always  "without  pay  served  his  country  in 
maintaining  continual  war  with  the  Apaches,  and  that 
all  provisions  and  expenses  were  supplied  by  himself." 

106  JUAN  TAFOYA  and  JOSEPH  MORENO  to  Pablo  Ba- 
ca.    October  2,  1763.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance.    Before  Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde. 

107  JUAN  JOSEPH  DURAN,  by  his  attorney  CRISTO- 
BAL DURAN  to  Joseph  Baca.  In  San  Pedro  de  Cha- 
ma,  August  9,  1764. 

Conveyance.     Before  Manuel  Garzia  Pareja,  Alcalde. 

108  JOSE  MARTIN  to  JOSE  VACA.  October  29,  1764. 
County  of  Rio  Arriba. 

Conveyance.     Before  Manuel  Garzia  Pareja,  Alcalde. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEAV  MEXICO     43 

109  MARIA  DE  LA  VEGA  y  COCA.     Santa  Fe,  May  17, 1764. 

Partition  of  lands  of  her  estate  at  the  Cienega  and 
Canada  of  Guiqii.     Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

110  ANTONIO  DE  BEYTIA  of  Abiquiu  December  30, 
1765. 

Will.  In  this  item,  in  the  first  paragraph,  the  testator 
says  he  is  a  resident  of  ''El  Pueblo  de  San  Antonio  del 
Biquiu."  Later  on  he  says,  in  dating  the  instrument, — 
" este  Pueblo  de  San  Antonio  del  Gmjquiu."  In  the 
county  of  Rio  Arnba. 

111  GRANTEES  OF  THE  NUESTRA  SE^JORA  de  la 
LUZ  Y  SAN  BLAS  TRACT  vs.  THE  GRANTEES  OF 
THE  ATRISCO  TRACT.     1759. 

Question  of  boundary.  Before  Francisco  Antonio  Marin 
del  Valle,  Captain-General;  also  before  Don  Tomas  Ve- 
lez  Cachupin,  Captain-General;  the  last  named  proceed- 
ings were  had  in  1766. 

112  PHELIPE  TAFOYA  and  PHELIPE  SANDOVAL  to 
Joseph  Baca.     February  3, 1767. 

Conveyance  of  a  rancho  called  "Pueblo  Quemado,"  about 
a  league  from  the  City  of  Santa  Fe.  Before  Francisco 
Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

113  GRANTEES  of  the  BELEN  tract  vs.  sale  op  land  by 
PEDRO  ITURRIETA  to  Fernando  Chaves.     1767. 

Before  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta,  Governor. 
Francisco  Trebol  Navarro;  Manuel  Garvisu;  Manuel 
Zanez;  Manuel  Garvisu  Zanez. 

The  petition  for  the  Belen  Grant  asked  for  a  tract  of 
land  which  in  1740  was  uncultivated  and  unappropriated. 
It  is  described  and  "bounded  on  the  east  by  the  Sandia 
Mountains ;  on  the  west  by  the  Rio  Puerco ;  on  the  north 
on  both  sides  of  the  river  the  boundary  is  the  land  of 
Nicolas  de  Chaves  and  those  of  the  adjoining  settlers  of 
Our  Lady  of  the  Concepcion  tract  of  Tome,  and  on  the 
south  the  place  called  Felipe  Romero,  in  a  direct  line 
until  it  intersects  the  boundary  above  mentioned,  from 
the  east  to  the  west."  The  first  settlers  were:  Diego 
Torres  de  Salazar;  Pedro  Bigil;  Miguel  Salazar;  Juana 
Teresa  Romero ;  Lugarda  Romero ;  Juan  Antonio  Salazar ; 
Miguel  Salazar;  Pablo  Salazar;  Nicolas  Salazar;  Manuel 
Antonio  Trugillo;  Maria  Torres;  Salvador  Torres;  Jose 


44     THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Antonio  Torres;  Ladeo  Torres;  Cayetano  Cristobal  Tor- 
res; Diego  Torres;  Barbara  Romero;  Gabriel  Romero; 
Maria  Vigil ;  Jose  Trujillo ;  Francisco  Martin ;  Nicolas 
Martiniano;  Ygnacio  Barrera;  Juan  Domingo  Torres; 
Jose  Romero ;  Jose  Tenorio ;  Juan  Jose  de  Sandoval ; 
Francisco  Trujillo ;  Francisco  Hiron ;  Cristoval  Naranjo ; 
Jose  Antonio  Naranjo;  Bartholome  Torres;  Pedro  Ro- 
mero. The  grant  was  made  by  Don  Gaspar  Domingo 
Mendoza,  and  possession  was  given  by  Don  Nicolas  de 
Chaves,  alcalde  mayor  of  Alburquerque. 

The  house  of  Felipe  Romero  was  a  ruin,  this  hacienda 
having  been  destroyed  in  the  revolution  of  1680. 

114  BALTAZAR  BACA. 

Reported  Claim  No.  104. 

Baltazar  Baca  was  born  in  New  Mexico  and  was,  in 
1769,  a  resident  of  the  Plaza  of  Belen.  He  asked  for  a 
tract  of  land  about  three  leagues  from  the  pueblo  of 
Laguna,  and  about  a  league  and  a  half  from  the  Encinol. 

Being  "descended  from  the  conquerors  of  this  pro- 
vince," Governor  Mendinueta  was  induced  to  grant  his 
request  and  he  was  placed  in  possession  of  the  tract 
known  as  "San  Jose  del  Encinol"  by  Don  Antonio  Se- 
dillo,  chief  alcalde  and  war-captain  of  the  pueblo  of 
Laguna.  In  the  act  of  possession  it  appears  that  there 
was  "an  outside  ranch  belonging  to  an  Acoma  Indian." 
He  had  two  sons. 

115  DOMINGO  DE  VENAVIDES. 

Will.    May  8,  1770.    County  of  Santa  Fe. 

116  MARINA  BACA  vs.  MIGUEL  BACA.     October  2, 1771. 

Question  of  the  possession  of  a  house.  County  of  Santa 
Fe.    Before  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta,  Governor. 

117  JOSEPH  BACA. 

Will.  Puehlo  Quemado.  Jurisdiction  of  Santa  Fe.  March 
2,  1772. 

118  LUGARDA  TAFOYA  to  Marina  de  Jesus  Baca.     Au- 
gust 14,  1773.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Before  Manuel  Garcia  Pare j  a.  Alcalde. 

119  FRANCISCO  GONZALES  to  Manuela  Brito.     July  12, 
1774.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Before  Manuel  Garcia  Pare  j  a.  Alcalde. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     45 

120  JOSEFABUSTAMANTE  to  Jose  Antonio  Ortiz.  Feb- 
ruary 13, 1784. 

Mortgage  of  rancho  at  Tesuque.  Before  Don  Juan  Bau- 
tista  de  Anza,  Governor. 

121  JUANA  MARIA  BACA,  wife  of  MIGUEL  BACA  vs. 

DIEGO   BORREGO.     January  21,  1789.     County  of 

Santa  Fe. 

Question  of  lands  sold  by  Borrego  in  Cuyamungue.  Be- 
fore Don  Fernando  de  la  Concha,  Governor,  and  Antonio 
Josef  Ortiz,  Alcalde,  and  Captain  Manuel  Delgado. 

122  ISABEL  BACA,  Pueblo  of  Isleta,  1792. 

Investigation  to  determine  whether  she  has  any  lands  by 
inheritance  in  the  Pajarito  Tract.  Report  by  Manuel  de 
Arteaga,  Alcalde,  by  order  of  Don  Fernando  de  la  Con- 
cha, Governor. 

123  JOSEF  MARIA  BACA. 

Will.    Santa  Fe,  November  3,  1799. 

124  MARIA  BARBARA  BACA,  widow  of  Jose  Pablo  Rael. 

Question  of  inheritance.  Santa  Fe.  1800.  Jose  Pablo 
Rael,  deceased,  was  son  of  Nicolas  Rael  and  Teodora 
Ortiz,  both  deceased.  Will  of  Gertmdis  Teodora  Ortiz, 
Sa7ita  Fe,  July  9,  1800.  Cancelled  by  Chacon,  Governor, 
before  whom  the  proceedings  were  had.  Joseph  Miguel 
de  la  Pena;  Jose  Campo  Redondo. 

125  TOWN  OF  SAN  MIGUEL  del  BADO. 

Reported  Claim  No.  119,  q.  v. 

126  JOSE  VARELA  vs.  EUSEBIO  VARELA,  his  father. 

1814. 

Protest  against  sale  of  lands  at  Tome.  Before  Manrique, 
Governor.     Bartolome  Baca ;  Pedro  Bautista  Pino. 

127  JOSE  ANTONIO  BUSTOS  vs.  JOSE  IGNACIO  MA- 
DRID.    1826. 

Question  of  a  piece  of  land  at  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Canada. 
Many  of  the  papers  in  this  case  appear  to  be  missing. 
Proceedings  before  Colonel  Antonio  Narbona,  Governor. 


46     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

128  TOMAS  BERNAL,  ANTONIO  RAEL  and  JULIAN 

BERNAL,  El  Paso,  June  19,  1820. 

Relating  to  the  boundaries  of  town  grant.  Letter  to 
Faeundo  Melgares,  Governor. 

129  JESUS  BENAVIDES. 

Grant.  1820.  100  varas  of  land  at  Galistco.  Don  Fa- 
eundo Melgares,  Governor. 

130  ESTEVAN  BACA.     Santa  Fe,  February  10, 1821. 

Petition  for  lands  for  himself  and  others  on  the  Pecos 
river.  No  final  action  taken.  Before  Don  Faeundo  Mel- 
gares,  Governor. 

From  this  it  appears  that  in  1821  there  were  only  eight  or 
ten  families  of  the  Pecos  pueblo  still  living. 

131  FRAY  MANUEL  BELLIJO,  of  Cochiti,  complains  of 
the  Alcalde,  Juan  Armijo,  to  Don  Faeundo  Melgares, 
June  6, 1821. 

132  LUIS  BENAVIDES. 

Will.     Sa7ita  Fe,  March  4,  1822. 

133  JOSE  BACA. 

Grant  of  land  at  Galisteo.  Possession  given  April  29, 
1822,  by  Pedro  Armendaris,  Alcalde.  By  order  of  the 
Ayuntamiento  of  April  8,  1822,  in  which  grants  were 
made  to  nineteen  persons.  Jose  Maria  Baca,  Secretary 
of  the  Cdbildo. 

134  MANUEL  BACA  and  SANTIAGO  ABREU. 

Petition  for  lands  lying  between  the  pueblos  of  Santo 
Domingo  and  San  Felipe,  February  14,  1824.  Referred 
to  the  Provincial  Deputation  by  the  Jefe  Politico  and 
read  on  the  16th  of  the  same  month.  Captain  Bartolome 
Baca,  Jefe  Politico. 

It  was  presented  to  the  governor  of  New  Mexico  on 
February  14,  1824,  and  on  the  same  day  forwarded  by 
him  to  the  so-called  Provincial  Deputation,  for  the  official 
action  of  that  body.  Some  record  of  the  making  of  a 
grant  may  be  found  in  the  "Journal,  Provincial  Deputa- 
tion, 1822,  1824." 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     47 

135  RAFAEL  BENAVIDES,  PEDRO  LOBATO,  JESUS 
BENAVIDES  and  JUAN  NEPOMUCENO  VIGIL  and 
JOSE  NESTOR  ARMIJO. 

Petition  for  lands  on  the  other  side  of  the  Pecos  river. 

Granted  by  the  Territorial  Deputation,  March  3,  1825. 
Book  2  of  the  Acts  of  the  Deputation,  page  44. 

This  shows  a  grant  of  lands  in  1825  to  a  Mexican  citi- 
zen, within  the  boundaries  of  the  Pecos  pueblo. 

136  JOSE  FRANCISCO  BACA. 

Petition  for  land  on  this  side  of  the  Pecos  river.  Re- 
ferred to  the  Jefe  Politico  on  March  3,  1825,  for  action 
under  Par.  5  of  the  session  of  preceding  November.  See 
page  44,  as  cited  in  No.  135  supra. 

137  LUIS  MARIA  CABEZA  de  BACA. 

Reported  Claim  No.  20. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  family  of  Luis  Maria  Ca- 
beza  de  Baca. 

Luis  was  married  the  first  time  with  Ana  Maria  Lopez, 
and  their  children  were:  Antonio,  Juan  Antonio,  Rosa, 
Jose  Domingo,  Guadalupe,  IMiguel,  and  Ramon. 

His  second  wife  was  Josefa  Sanches,  and  their  children 
were :  Luis  Maria,  Prudencio,  Mateo,  Josefa  1st,  and  Luz. 

His  third  wife  was  Encarnacion  Lucero,  and  their  chil- 
dren were:  Juana  Paula,  Jesus  Bacalro  (Caiionero),  Juan 
Felipe,  Jesus  2nd  (Carretero),  Josefa  2d,  Domingo, 
Manuel,  Maria  de  Jesus,  Luisa,  and  Luz. 

1.  Antonio  Cabeza  de  Baca,  the  first  son  of  Luis  Maria 
Baca  was  married  to  Francisca  Garvisu,  and  the  issue  was 
Juan  Manuel. 

2.  Juan  Antonio  Cabeza  de  Baca,  the  second  son  of 
Luis  Maria,  was  married  with  Josefa  Gallegos  and  their 
children  were,  Jesus  Maria,  Francisco  Tomas,  Encarna- 
cion, Cesaria,  Domingo,  Jose  de  Jesus,  Quirivio,  Josefa, 
Guadalupe,  Alta  Garcia,  Trinidad,  Nicolasa,  and  Tomas  D. 

3.  Rosa,  the  third  child,  was  married  to  Sebastian 
Salaz,  and  their  children  were,  Francisco,  Dolores,  and 
Josefa. 

4.  Domingo,  the  fourth  child,  had  no  issue;  died  in 
infancy. 

5.  Jose,  fifth  child,  was  married  to  Dolores  Gonzales, 
and  their  children  were,  Felipa,  Antonio,  Jesus  Maria, 
Maria  de  Jesus,  Francisco,  Fernando,  and  Apolonia. 

6.  Guadalupe,  sixth  child,  married  Santiago  Trujillo, 


48     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

and  their  children  were,  Antonio,  Maria,  Andres,  Felici- 
ana, Juana,  Santiago,  and  Ana  Maria. 

7.  Miguel,  seventh  child,  was  married  to  Dolores  San- 
ches,  and  their  children  were,  Quirina,  Diego,  Rumualdo, 
Guadalupe,  Paulina,  Juan  Pablo,  and  Martina. 

8.  Ramon,  eighth  child,  married  with  Serafina  Salaz, 
and  their  only  child  was  Ignacio. 

9.  Luis  Maria,  ninth  child,  married  Isabel  Lopez,  and 
their  children  were,  Trinidad  and  Miguel.  Miguel  died 
without  issue. 

10.  Prudencio,  tenth  child,  was  married  the  first  time 
with  Manuela  Armijo,  and  their  children  were,  Juan,  Ig- 
nacio, Julian,  and  Apolonia. 

His  second  wife  was  Josefa  Flores,  and  his  children 
were  Valentin  Escolastico,  Gregorio,  and  Julian. 

11.  Mateo,  eleventh  child,  was  married  to  Guadalupe 
Montoya,  and  their  children  were,  Luis  Maria,  Alejandro, 
Juan  de  Dios,  and  Martin. 

12.  Josefa  1st  was  married  to  Juan  Luis  Montoya,  and 
their  children  were,  Antonio  and  Donaciano. 

13.  Luz  1st,  thirteenth  child,  had  no  issue;  never  was 
married. 

14.  Juana  Paula,  fourteenth  child,  was  married  to  Jose 
Garcia ;  their  children  were,  Juana  Maria,  Antonio,  Fran- 
cisco, Inez,  Maria  de  los  Angeles,  and  Crecencio. 

15.  Jesus  C.  de  Baca,  1st  (Caiionero),  fifteenth  child, 
was  married  to  Ana  Maria  Gonzales,  and  their  children 
were,  Luis  Maria,  Guadalupe,  Nestor,  Francisco,  Juliana, 
and  Feliciano. 

16.  Juan  Felipe,  sixteenth  child,  was  married  to  To- 
masa  Gonzales,  and  their  children  were,  Juliana,  Fran- 
cisca,  Jose,  Rumualdo,  Sotero,  Apolona,  Julian,  Nazaria, 
Petra,  and  Leonor. 

17.  Jesus  2d,  (Carretero),  married  Rafaela  Martinez, 
and  their  children  were,  Encarnacion,  Jose  Esteban,  Faus- 
tina, Toribio,  Cosme,  Julian,  and  Pedro. 

18.  Josefa  2d,  married  Luis  de  la  0,  and  their  chil- 
dren were,  Ramos,  Jose  Maria,  Zenobia,  Nicolasa,  Mariano, 
Flavio,  Juan  de  Dios,  and  Refugio. 

19.  Domingo  2d,  nineteenth  child,  was  married  to 
Rosalia  Garcia,  and  their  son  was  Jose. 

20.  Manuel. 

21.  Maria  de  Jesus,  21st  child,  was  married  to  Fran- 
cisco Martin  (called  Borreguito)  ;  had  no  children. 

22.  Luisa. 

23.  Luz  2nd,  23rd  child,  died  without  issue. 


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THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     49 

138  LUIS  BENAVIDES. 

Petition  for  lands  on  the  Pecos  river.  Santa  Fe,  March 
8,  1825.    No  action  taken. 

This  is  a  petition  for  a  grant  at  the  pueblo  of  Pecos. 

139  JOSE  FRANCISCO  BACA.     March  14, 1826. 

Petition  for  lands  on  the  Pecos  river.  Reported  by  the 
Ayuntamiento  of  San  Miguel  del  Bade,  on  March  19, 
1826.  Teodosio  QiTintana,  Secretary  of  the  Deputation. 
Juan  Jose  Baca,  2nd  Regidor;  Jose  Ramon  Alarid,  Al- 
calde Constitutional;  Candelaria  Flores,  3rd  Regidor; 
Santiago  Sandoval,  1st  Regidor;  Jose  Miguel  Sanches, 
Secretary  of  the  Ayuntamiento. 

140  CRISTOBAL  BUSTOS  vs.  JOAQUIN  PINO.    1827. 

Question  of  lands  in  the  Ceholleta  Grant.  Before  An- 
tonio Narbona,  Governor. 

141  JUAN  ESTEVAN  BACA  vs.  ALCALDE  OF  COCHI- 

TL     1827. 

La  Majada  Grant.  Before  Supremo  Tribunal  de  Justicia, 
City  of  Mexico.    Aguilar  y  Lopez,  Secretary. 

The  memorandum  on  the  wrapper  inclosing  this  docu- 
ment is  entirely  misleading.  It  says  the  document  is  a 
land  suit  by  Juan  Esteban  Baca  against  the  Indians  of 
Cochiti.  It  has  nothing  to  do  with  a  land  suit.  It  is  a 
complaint  by  Baca  against  the  alcalde  of  Cochiti,  who  had 
unjustly  imprisoned  and  otherwise  ill-treated  him.  The 
date  is  December  14,  1827.  It  was  sent  to  the  supreme 
tribunal  of  justice  at  Mexico,  and  by  that  court  was 
ordered  to  be  transmitted  to  the  jefe  politico  (governor) 
of  New  Mexico,  to  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  competent 
judge,  who  was  to  do  justice  to  the  complainant. 

The  Majada  Grant  was  confirmed  by  the  court  of  private 
land  claims  and  surveyed  for  over  54,000  acres.  All 
that  portion  of  the  grant  to  the  pueblo  of  Cochiti  wliich 
lies  east  of  the  Rio  Grande  conflicts  with  the  Majada, 
amounting  possibly  to  5,000  acres.  The  southern  bound- 
ary of  the  Majada  and  the  northern  boundary  of  the 
Pueblo  of  Santo  Domingo  Grant  for  a  distance  of  eight 
and  one-half  miles  are  coterminous.  The  grant  was  pat- 
ented October  26,  1908. 

142  TOMAS   BACA,   JOSE   ANTONIO   CASADOS   and 
OTHERS. 

Report   of   Santiago   Ulibarri,   Judge,    as   to    quality   of 


50     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

lands  asked  for  by  the  persons  named.  Report  is  made 
to  the  Territorial  Deputation.  1829.  San  Miguel  del 
Bado. 

143  TOMAS  BACA,  JOSE  ANTONIO   CASADOS   and 

OTHERS. 

Petition  to  the  Ayuntamiento  of  San  Miguel  del  Bado 
for  lands.  Referred,  by  Santiago  Ulibarri,  to  the  Ter- 
ritorial Deputation  and  also  signed  by  Jose  Antonio  Ca- 
sados,  Secretary  of  the  Ayuntamiento.  San  Miguel  del 
Bado,  April  27,  1829.    Ante  No.  142,  q.  v. 

144  MARIA  MIQUELA  BACA. 

Will  and  inventory.  1831.  County  of  Santa  Fe.  Juan 
Garcia,  Alcalde. 

145  JESUS  MARIA  ALARID  to  Jose   Francisco  Baca. 

May  18, 1831.     County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance  of  land  in  the  rancho  of  the  Alamo,  formerly 
belonging  to  Diego  Montoya.  Before  Pablo  Montoya. 
There  are  no  signatures  to  this  document. 

146  MICAELA  BACA.     (Maria  Micaela  Baca.) 

Distribution  of  estate.     1832.     Ante  No.  144,  q.  v. 

147  JUAN  MANUEL  BACA  vs.  JUAN  ANTONIO  ARMI- 

JO.     Safita  Fe,  April  28,  1832. 

Question  as  to  a  tract  of  land.  Before  Juan  Garcia,  Al- 
calde. 

148  MARIA  DE  LOS  DOLORES  SANDOVAL  vs.  JUAN 

GARCIA,  Alcalde  of  the  City  of  Santa  Fe.     1834. 

In  suit  of  Manuel  Bustamante  vs.  said  Sandoval  she  com- 
plains of  being  unjustly  deprived  of  her  property,  etc. 
Appealed  to  the  Suprema  Corte  de  Justicia,  City  of 
Mexico.  Aguilar  y  Lopez,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court; 
Manuel  de  la  Barrera,  1st  Official;  Don  Francisco  Sarra- 
cino.  Governor. 

149  TRINIDAD  BARCELO  vs.  PABLO  ORTIZ.     Santa 

Fe,  April  9,  1837. 

Question  as  to  a  tract  of  land  at  Pojoaque.  Albino  Perez, 
Governor;  J,  M.  Alarid,  Secretary. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     51 

150  FOUR  PAGES  OF  THE  JOURNAL  OF  THE  TERRI- 
TORIAL ASSEMBLY  in  which  are  recorded  the  Pro- 
ceedings had  in  relation  to  the  Beaubien  and  Miranda 
or  Maxwell  Grant. 

The  Maxwell  Land  Grant  is  situated  in  the  northern 
part  of  New  Mexico,  in  the  county  of  Colfax ;  a  portion  is 
in  the  State  of  Colorado  in  Las  Animas  county.  After  the 
influx  of  settlers  from  the  East,  in  the  "seventies"  and 
"eighties,"  the  title  of  the  grantees  was  bitterly  con- 
tested. 

In  August,  1882,  the  government  of  the  United  States 
filed  a  bill  in  chancery  in  the  United  States  circuit  court 
in  Colorado  to  cancel  the  patent  which  had  been  issued  in 
1879  for  this  property,  embracing  1,714,000  acres.  The 
case  was  litigated  during  a  period  of  five  years  and  was 
ultimately  decided  in  favor  of  the  company  by  the  su- 
preme court  of  the  United  States,  which  court,  in  two 
opinions,  one  on  a  motion  for  re-hearing,  sustained  the 
title  of  the  company  to  the  full  extent  of  area  as  granted 
by  the  Mexican  government.  The  government  of  the 
United  States  (the  interior  department  and  the  depart- 
ment of  justice)  declined  to  accept  the  decision  of  the 
supreme  court  as  final  and  instituted  another  suit  in 
the  courts  of  New  Mexico  to  cancel  the  patent  which  had 
been  made  to  the  grantees,  claiming  that  the  lands  in 
New  Mexico,  which  formed  a  greater  part  of  this  prop- 
erty, were  not  affected  by  the  decision  of  the  nation's 
highest  tribunal. 

The  Maxwell  Company  set  up  the  decision  of  the  su- 
preme court  as  a  defense  to  this  suit;  it  was  heard  be- 
fore Reeves,  J.,  then  presiding  over  the  first  judicial 
district  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico,  and  the  plea  of 
res  adjudicata  was  sustained  and  the  bill  dismissed.  An 
appeal  was  taken  by  the  government  to  the  territorial 
supreme  court,  where  the  decision  of  the  lower  court  was 
affirmed. 

The  opinion  of  the  New  Mexican  supreme  court  (an 
extract)  follows: 

"The  United  States  brought  suit  in  the  circuit  court 
for  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Colorado,  to  set 
aside,  vacate  and  cancel  the  patent  assailed  here.  The 
bill  in  that  case  is  grounded  upon  allegations  of  fraud 
committed  by  the  patentees  and  others  holding  through 
or  under  them,  by  means  of  which  the  officers  of  the 


52     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

plaintiff  were  deceived  into  issuing  and  delivering  the 
patent.  Fraud  in  various  ways  was  charged  against  the 
grantees  under  the  patent,  and  the  patent  as  an  entirety 
was  involved  in  this  issue  raised,  heard  and  finally  de- 
termined in  the  circuit  and  supreme  courts  of  the  United 
States. 

"It  is  quite  clear  that  had  the  United  States  suc- 
ceeded in  that  suit,  the  decree  would  have  affected  the 
title  to  the  lands  embraced  in  the  patent  lying  in  New 
Mexico.  Personal  service  was  had  upon  the  Maxwell 
Land  Grant  Company  in  that  suit,  and  an  appearance 
entered,  and  the  suit  after  long  delays,  finally  decided, 
declaring  the  patent  valid  for  the  lands  covered  by  it 
wherever  situated.  The  final  judgment  in  this  suit  was 
intended  to  be,  and  we  think  was,  conclusive  upon  the 
United  States  and  all  persons  claiming  through  or  under 
it,  whether  the  lands  covered  by  the  patent  were  located 
in  Colorado  or  New  Mexico. 

"The  suit  was  instituted  and  contested  through  the 
courts  to  a  final  decision  in  the  court  of  last  resort  solely, 
or  mainly  at  least,  upon  the  ground  that  such  fraud  had 
been  committed  by  the  original  grantees  and  those  claim- 
ing under  them  in  locating  the  lands  and  extending  the 
true  boundaries  thereof  in  such  manner  as  to  deceive  the 
officers  of  the  United  States,  and  thereby  caused  them  to 
issue  the  patent ;  that  a  court  of  equity  would  annul  the 
patent.  The  court  found  that  there  was  no  fraud  proven 
in  the  case,  and  that  the  patent  was  legal  and  valid,  and 
free  from  taint  of  fraud. 

"The  issue  directly  involved  in  the  controversy  was 
that  of  fraud  practiced  upon  the  United  States  through 
its  officers.  The  determination  was  against  the  truth  of 
the  facts  alleged,  and  the  United  States,  like  any  other 
suitor  in  a  court  of  justice,  is  bound  by  the  final  judg- 
ment of  courts  of  competent  jurisdiction,  when  it  elects 
to  litigate  any  question  of  fact  in  the  courts. 

"The  supreme  court  of  the  United  States  affirmed  in 
distinct  terms  that  there  was  no  fraud  committed  in  pro- 
curing the  patent  to  be  issued  by  the  patentees,  or  those 
claiming  under  them ;  that  the  patent  was  legal  and  is 
the  evidence  of  the  legal  ownership  of  all  the  lands  em- 
braced in  it,  or  covered  by  it. 

"It  directly  affirmed  the  non-existence  of  fraud,  and 
having  done  so  in  a  proper  case,  the  courts  of  the  country 
will  not  permit  the  plaintiff  in  any  other  suit,  to  contro- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     53 

vert  this  judicially  established  fact,  where  the  issue  is  be- 
tween the  same  parties  or  their  privies. 

"The  United  States  having  exhausted  its  powers  in  a 
fruitless  effort  to  cancel  this  patent,  it  becomes  the  duty 
of  the  courts  and  the  people  to  abide  the  final  judgment 
of  the  highest  tribunal  to  which  a  controversy  can  be  ap- 
pealed, and  to  seek  redress  for  meritorious  grievances,  if 
any  exist,  at  the  hands  of  a  just  and  generous  govern- 
ment. ' ' 

In  the  argument  of  counsel,  Frank  Springer,  Esq.,  of 
New  Mexico,  before  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States,  in  the  case  first  brought  in  the  circuit  court  of 
the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Colorado,  on  the 
part  of  the  Maxwell  Company,  accurately  and  learnedly 
discussed  the  motives  which  actuated  the  Mexican  gov- 
ernment in  the  making  of  these  large  grants  of  land.  In 
the  entire  history  of  jurisprudence  in  the  West  no  abler 
presentation  of  law  and  facts  in  any  case  was  ever  sub- 
mitted by  any  member  of  the  bar  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  United  States.  In  his  oral  argument,  extended 
from  the  notes  of  the  stenographer,  Mr.  Springer,  among 
other  things,  in  conclusion,  said : 

"During  the  course  of  this  discussion,  there  has  been 
frequent  mention  by  counsel  for  the  government  of  the 
large  size  of  this  grant,  and  their  argument  has  abounded 
in  allusions  to  'principalities'  and  'empires,'  as  if  it  were 
supposed  that  the  principles  of  law  are  so  flexible  that 
they  may  be  varied  according  to  the  subject  matter,  and 
that  there  may  be  one  rule  applicable  to  a  small  property, 
but  another  and  different  one  to  a  great.  It  is  a  species 
of  argument  much  affected  in  cases  like  this,  but  it  seems 
to  me  an  appeal  far  more  befitting  a  jury  trial  than  a 
grave  discussion  before  this  court. 

"It  is  but  a  repetition  of  the  popular  clamor  for  which 
these  Mexican  grants  have  proved  a  fruitful  subject,  ever 
since  the  advancing  civilization  of  the  country  has  given 
them  some  value.  Mexico  has  been  denounced  for  making 
them,  and  no  epithet  is  found  too  severe  to  characterize 
those  who  venture  to  claim  their  ownership.  They  are 
said  to  be  monopolists,  land  pirates,  and  robbers.  Even 
the  tribunals,  which  seek  by  the  force  of  judicial  decision 
to  keep  the  plighted  faith  of  the  nation  by  sustaining 
them  when  valid,  are  not  secure  from  imputation  of  some 
improper  motive. 

"  It  is  well  enough,  in  this  connection,  to  remember  that 
times   change,   and  people   and   conditions   change   with 


54     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

them.  Whatever  may  be  our  notions  now  about  the  pro- 
priety of  putting  such  large  bodies  of  land  into  private 
ownership,  we  have  no  right  to  forget  that  these  great 
grants  upon  the  frontiers  of  Mexico  were  made  under 
circumstances  and  motives  of  public  policy  totally  dif- 
ferent from  those  which  now  prevail.  At  that  day  the 
country  was  of  no  value  to  the  Mexican  people.  It  was 
not  even  reduced  to  possession  by  them.  The  greater 
part  of  it  was  occupied  and  over-run  by  hostile  tribes  of 
Indians,  who  were  a  constant  menace  to  the  outlying  set- 
tlements. The  frontiers  of  those  settlements  were  con- 
tinually harassed  by  their  inroads.  So  that  with  the 
Navajos  and  Apaches  on  one  side,  the  Utes  on  another, 
and  the  Plains  Indians  on  another,  the  whole  region  was 
unsafe  for  the  habitations  of  civilized  men.  Besides,  it 
bordered  on  a  territory  of  the  United  States  on  the  north, 
and  of  Texas  on  the  east,  as  to  both  of  whom  the  Mexican 
people  were  suspicious  and  uneasy. 

"It  became,  therefore,  a  part  of  the  deliberate  policy 
of  the  Mexican  government  to  encircle  these  outlying 
provincial  settlements  with  large  grants  of  land,  made 
to  those  adventurous  spirits  who  were  willing  to  lead 
forth  colonies,  extend  the  frontiers  of  civilization,  and 
build  up  barriers  against  the  inroads  of  their  savage  en- 
emies, and  the  encroachments  of  their  enterprising  neigh- 
bors across  the  border.  For  this  purpose,  it  gave  the 
lands  without  stint,  and  without  regard  to  quantity.  As 
to  any  value  in  the  land  itself,  they  gave  it  no  sort  of 
consideration.  A  league  then  signified  less  than  an  acre 
now  in  the  fertile  and  secure  valleys  of  the  Ohio  or  Mis- 
sissippi. Measurements  and  descriptions  were  rude  and 
carelessly  made.  It  was  never  contemplated  that  thej'' 
should  be  submitted  to  the  tests  by  which  scientific  en- 
gineers would  define  the  boundaries  of  a  bonanza  mine, 
or  survey  a  lot  on  Broadway. 

"The  grantees  of  these  lands  paid  for  them,  not  in 
money,  but  in  the  service  they  then  gave  the  state,  and 
by  the  risks  they  took  in  maintaining  a  foothold  upon 
them.  And  the  same  may  be  said  of  the  early  American 
pioneers  who  acquired  them  from  their  Mexican  owners. 
I  doubt  if  any  of  those  who  now  bawl  the  loudest  about 
the  Maxwell  Grant  would  have  had  either  the  sagacity 
to  secure  it  as  Maxwell  did,  or  the  courage  to  hold  it 
through  the  perils  of  a  quarter  of  a  century  of  Indian 
warfare. 

"When  this  portion  of  its  territory  came  to  be  ceded 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     55 

to  the  United  States,  the  Mexican  government  made  it 
an  express  condition  that  its  previous  grants  of  land 
should  be  acknowledged  and  protected.  It  is  a  fact 
worthy  of  note,  that  notwithstanding  the  desperate  con- 
dition of  Mexico  after  the  war ;  with  her  armies  dispersed ; 
her  strongholds  in  our  possession;  and  our  flag  flying 
over  her  capital;  when  the  treaty  of  peace  had  been 
formulated,  and  was  ratified  by  the  United  States  sen- 
ate, with  only  the  general  clauses  for  the  protection  of 
property  rights  which  are  usually  quoted  in  the  eighth 
and  ninth  articles,  the  Mexican  government  refused  to 
ratify  it  until  they  had  obtained  a  solemn  guarantee 
from  the  commissioners  of  the  United  States,  added  in 
the  form  of  a  protocol,  expressly  stipulating  that  the 
grants  of  land  in  the  ceded  territory  made  prior  to  May 
13,  1848,  should  be  acknowledged  by  the  American  tri- 
bunals. 

"And  I  say  now,  after  the  labors  of  the  pioneers  for 
half  a  century  have  made  it  safe  and  comfortable  to  live 
there,  it  lies  not  in  the  mouth  of  any  man  coming  there 
amid  the  ease  and  luxury  of  a  palace  car,  to  say  that 
Mexico  had  no  right  to  make  these  grants,  and  the 
grantees  no  right  to  own  them.  The  United  States,  so 
far  as  it  depended  upon  its  legislative  and  judicial  de- 
partments, has  never  sought  to  evade  the  obligations  im- 
posed upon  it  by  this  treaty.  It  has  desired  to  ac- 
knowledge and  confirm  the  property  rights  derived  from 
Mexico.  Whether  great  or  small,  in  every  case  where  it 
is  evident  that  the  title  would  have  been  recognized  or 
perfected  by  the  Mexican  authorities,  it  has,  as  this  court 
has  said,  not  sought  to  discover  forfeitures,  nor  enforce 
rigorous  conditions.  It  has  not  sought  to  defeat  them 
by  a  rigid  adhesion  to  strict  rules,  or  the  application  of 
refined  technicalities.  It  has  endeavoured  to  act  as  a 
great  nation,  ready  and  anxious  to  perform  its  treaty 
stipulations,  ungrudgingly  and  liberally,  as  the  law  and 
policy  of  nations  enjoin.  Its  declared  purpose,  as  long 
ago  stated  by  this  court,  has  been  to  authenticate  titles, 
and  to  afford  the  solid  guaranty  to  rights  which  ensue 
from  their  full  acknowledgment  by  the  supreme  author- 
ity. 

"To  judge  from  the  records  of  the  nisi  prius  courts  in 
many  of  the  western  states  and  territories  during  the  past 
few  years,  an  observer  might  well  suppose  that  a  United 
States  patent,  instead  of  being  a  settlement  of  title,  is 
but  the  beginning  of  litigation;  that  instead  of  being  a 


56     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

record  proof  of  the  final  action  of  the  government  in  dis- 
charge of  its  treaty  obligations,  as  this  court  has  said  it 
shall  be;  instead  of  being  the  guaranty  of  peaceable  and 
quiet  enjoyment,  it  is  but  a  delusion  and  a  snare;  a  trap 
to  catch  confiding  purchasers;  and  that  its  issue,  even 
at  the  end  of  protracted  controversies,  is  but  the  signal 
for  fresh  attack  in  the  name  of  the  government  which 
gave  it,  with  all  its  accompanying  train  of  expense,  de- 
lay, vexation,  disaster,  and  ruin.  It  has  become  fashion- 
able of  late  to  attack  United  States  patents.  And  so 
feeble  has  become  the  security  they  afford,  and  so  little 
regard  is  shown  for  the  sacred  character  which  they  were 
supposed  to  possess,  that  their  holders  are  called  upon  to 
defend  their  validity  in  ruinous  litigation,  as  often  as 
any  covetous  intruder  or  restless  demagogue  can  get  near 
enough  to  the  law  officers  of  the  government,  to  make 
them  hear  his  loud  resounding  cry  of  fraud. 

"Macauley  has  somewhere  given  a  picture  of  the 
British  public  in  one  of  its  periodic  attacks  of  morality, 
and  I  am  not  sure  but  it  might  equally  apply  to  those 
paroxysms  of  virtue  into  which  a  portion  of  the  American 
public  occasionally  works  itself.  At  such  times,  the  cry 
of  fraud  becomes  epidemic  throughout  the  land,  and  is 
echoed  far  and  wide.  It  is  taken  up  by  every  man  who 
covets  the  possession  of  his  neighbor.  It  is  the  cry  of 
indolence  against  activity  and  energy ;  of  envy  against  suc- 
cess; of  the  sluggard  against  the  vigilant.  It  is  the  cry 
of  every  man  who  has  slept  away  his  opportunities, 
against  those  who  were  shrewd  to  think  and  bold  to  act 
when  the  time  was  ripe.  It  is  the  cry  of  every  dema- 
gogue, who  is  looking  for  some  popular  wave  upon  which 
he  may  ride  into  public  favor.  And  in  the  majority  of 
such  cases,  as  in  the  case  before  us,  it  is  found  after  all 
to  be  little  less  than  clamor  —  vox,  et  praeterea  mJiil. 

"Furthermore,  it  is  one  of  the  oldest  maxims  of  the 
law  that  it  is  for  the  public  good  that  there  be  an  end  of 
suits.  If  this  bill  can  be  maintained,  then  no  title,  rest- 
ing on  a  United  States  patent,  is  safe  from  disturbance, 
whenever  its  law  officers,  whether  with  good  judgment  or 
bad,  whether  from  motives  proper  or  improper,  see  fit  to 
bring  a  suit.  Nor  can  any  man,  so  claiming,  ever  tell 
when  his  rights  are  finally  adjudicated.  Suppose  the 
court  should  vacate  this  patent,  on  account  of  the  errors 
alleged  in  the  location  of  its  boundaries ;  the  court  cannot 
tell  us  where  the  true  boundaries  are  upon  the  ground. 
It  cannot  send  corps  of  engineers  to  mark  them  by  ap- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     57 

propriate  monuments  in  the  field.  It  can  not  give  us 
a  new  patent.  We  must  go  back  to  the  land  department 
for  that." 

Mr.  Justice  Miller:  "Do  you  contend,  Mr.  Springer, 
that  this  court  has  not  the  power  to  reform  this  patent? 
Suppose  the  court  should  become  satisfied  that  a  patent 
has  been  issued  for  a  certain  number  of  sections  of  land 
in  excess  of  the  quantity  authorized  by  law;  could  not 
the  court  by  a  decree  declare  that  the  patent  should  not 
include  them?  Or,  if  the  proofs  should  show  that  this 
grant  was  limited  to  the  summit  of  the  Raton  mountains 
on  the  north,  and  there  were  no  other  objection  to  such 
a  decision,  could  not  the  court  direct  a  decree  to  be  made 
reforming  the  patent  so  that  it  should  only  include  lands 
within  that  boundary?" 

Mr.  Springer :  ' '  Undoubtedly  it  might  do  either  of  the 
things  your  honor  suggests.  But  the  difficulty  is  it  would 
settle  nothing.  If  this  grant  had  been  laid  off  into  town- 
ships, and  sections,  as  public  lands  are,  and  the  patent 
had  been  for  certain  of  these  sub-divisions,  among  which 
were  some  improperly  included,  the  patent  could  be  re- 
formed so  as  to  exclude  these,  and  it  would  remain  still 
a  definite  muniment  of  title  for  lands  about  whose  boun- 
daries or  location  there  could  be  no  further  controversy. 
But  Mexico  did  not  survey  or  describe  her  lands  in  this 
way;  when  we  undertake  to  locate  a  grant  of  land  de- 
scribed by  natural  objects  alone,  so  as  to  conform  to  our 
methods,  we  are  compelled  to  mark  the  boundaries  by 
monuments  erected  vipon  the  ground,  and  by  reference 
to  the  courses  and  distances  preserved  in  the  field  notes, 
constituting  a  special  survey  which  bears  no  relation  to 
any  other  survey,  except  that  it  may  at  some  point  be 
connected  with  one  of  the  known  base  lines  or  meridians. 
If  the  court  should  decree  that  the  patent  should  be 
limited  to  such  part  of  the  tract  which  has  been  so  sur- 
veyed as  lies  south  of  the  summit  of  the  Raton  mountains, 
we  are  left  without  any  definite  or  authoritative  location 
of  that  line  upon  the  ground.  If  the  Raton  summit  were 
marked  by  a  Chinese  wall,  or  some  other  object  so  con- 
spicuous and  universally  known  that  no  two  persons  could 
have  different  opinions  about  it,  it  might  thus  have  that 
degree  of  certainty  on  which  such  a  decree  could  be  based. 
But  the  precise  position  of  that  summit  is  one  of  the  dis- 
puted facts  of  this  case.  There  is  conflicting  testimony 
as  to  how  far  the  Raton  mountains  extend,  and  whether 
the  northern  or  the  southern  edge  is  the  actual  summit; 


58     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

and  this  question  would  arise  and  have  to  be  litigated 
afresh,  every  time  such  a  patent  was  introduced  in  evi- 
dence. We  would  have  the  same  old  controversy  with 
the  government  as  to  where  the  grant  ends  and  the  pub- 
lic lands  begin.  This  could  only  be  determined  by  a 
government  survey,  locating  that  line  by  scientific  methods 
as  the  other  lines  are  located.  And  when  after  another 
five  years  have  been  consumed  in  proceedings  to  that  end, 
we  succeed  in  securing  another  survey  and  another 
patent,  some  other  attorney-general,  having  other  and 
different  theories  upon  these  questions,  may  bring  a  bill 
to  set  aside  that  patent,  on  the  ground  that  the  land  of- 
ficers have  been  again  mistaken.  In  fact,  the  relative 
provinces  of  these  two  great  co-ordinate  branches  of  the 
government  would  be  reduced  to  this  —  if  I  may  be 
pardoned  a  homely  illustration  —  that  the  land  depart- 
ment drives  the  stakes,  and  the  courts  follow  after  and 
pull  them  up. 

"What  is  to  be  the  end  of  all  this?  And  what  is  to 
be  the  redress  of  these  people  whose  property  is  for  all 
practical  purposes  thus  confiscated  under  the  guise  of 
equitable  proceedings?  Such  a  result  would  be  revolting 
to  every  proper  sentiment  of  public  honor.  It  is  un- 
worthy of  a  great  nation  like  this;  and  yet  it  is  a  picture 
not  overdrawn,  but  is  a  legitimate  deduction  from  the 
principles  contended  for  by  the  government  counsel  in 
this  case. 

"It  is  a  fact  well  known,  both  as  a  matter  of  public 
history,  and  from  the  record  of  cases  that  have  come  be- 
fore this  court,  that  the  validity  of  these  Mexican  grants 
has  been  persistently  denied  by  the  American  settlers 
who  went  into  that  country  after  the  tide  of  emigration 
began  to  set  that  way.  Squatters  overran  them  in 
swarms,  picking  out  the  choicest  spots  without  giving 
themselves  the  least  concern  about  their  titles.  I  venture 
to  say  that  the  inroads  of  these  enterprising  bands  have 
given  the  grantees  and  their  successors  far  more  trouble 
than  the  depredations  of  the  savage  tribes  with  which 
they  had  originally  to  contend.  They  have  fought  these 
titles  in  every  way,  and  in  every  place  where  contest  was 
possible ;  in  court  and  out ;  before  the  land  tribunals,  and 
the  executive  departments.  Every  stage  of  the  proceed- 
ings looking  to  the  final  establishment  of  the  title,  and 
the  location  of  the  boundaries  by  the  United  States  au- 
thorities, has  been  marked  by  controversies  of  some  sort. 
Their  opponents  have  generally  found  powerful  aid  from 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     59 

the  land  department,  which  has  always  been  jealous  of 
Mexican  grants,  and  has  never  lost  an  opportunity  to  de- 
feat or  curtail  them  by  application  of  the  most  strict  and 
narrow  rules  of  construction.  As  a  general  rule,  the  his- 
tory of  any  of  these  grants  has  been  that  of  one  long 
contest  between  the  owners,  seeking  recognition  of  their 
rights,  on  the  one  side,  and  the  land  officers  of  the  United 
States,  aided  by  trespassing  settlers,  on  the  other;  in  the 
course  of  which  every  weak  spot  in  the  title  has  been 
tested  by  numerous  and  vigilant  adversaries.  In  the  very 
nature  of  the  case  there  could  be  no  such  thing  as  hasty 
or  inadvertant  action. 

"In  this  case,  forty  years  have  elapsed  since  the  Ter- 
ritory passed  under  the  dominion  of  the  United  States; 
and  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  has  been  consumed 
in  controversies  and  proceedings  such  as  I  have  described. 
It  would  seem  obvious,  according  to  the  plainest  dictates 
of  public  policy,  and  in  furtherance  of  that  repose  of  titles 
which  the  peace  and  order  of  society  demand,  that  when, 
after  such  protracted  controversies,  action  is  had  by  the 
government  purporting  to  be  final,  it  should  be  so  in  fact ; 
and  that  not  only  the  claimants,  but  also  the  public, 
should  have  the  right  to  rely  upon  it  as  such.  There 
ought  to  be  some  time,  in  the  history  of  a  title,  when  it 
will  be  safe  to  deal  with  it.  There  ought  to  be  some  time, 
during  the  life  of  a  generation,  in  which  a  title,  for  the 
due  acknowledgement  of  which  the  sacred  honor  of  the 
nation  is  pledged,  shall  become  settled,  so  far  as  the  ac- 
tion of  the  government  is  concerned. 

"There  are  some  considerations  higher  than  the  merits 
or  the  equities  of  any  particular  case.  There  are  some 
obligations  which  the  government  owes  to  itself  and  the 
public,  which  are  of  far  greater  importance  than  the 
possession  of  a  few  thousand,  or  a  few  hundred  thousand 
acres  of  land.  The  faith  and  credit  which  are  due  to  its 
public  acts  ought  not  to  be  lightly  impugned.  And  when 
so  solemn  an  instrument  as  a  patent,  signed  by  the  high- 
est officer  of  the  nation,  bearing  upon  its  face  the  great 
seal  of  the  United  States,  is  duly  and  regularly  given  out 
as  the  evidence  of  title,  and  the  acknowledgement  by  the 
supreme  authority  of  the  right  of  private  property  en- 
titled to  recognition  by  its  treaties, —  it  ought  to  be  as 
sacred,  and  as  safe  from  attack,  from  any  quarter,  high 
or  low,  as  the  flag  under  which  we  live.  The  impeach- 
ment of  the  good  name  of  the  government,  the  destruc- 
tion of  confidence  in  the  titles  which  it  gives,  and  the 


60     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

disturbance  of  public  credit  and  business  which  follows 
in  their  train,  are  public  calamities,  in  comparison  with 
which  the  interests  involved  in  this  suit,  were  they  all 
that  are  claimed,  pale  into  insignificance. 

"Unfortunately  it  is  not  in  the  power  of  this  court,  or 
of  any  other  tribunal,  to  afford  my  client  any  redress  for 
the  wrong  it  has  suffered  by  the  bringing  of  this  most  un- 
founded suit.  The  expenses  of  litigation,  the  coloniza- 
tion of  its  lands  with  fresh  swarms  of  squatters,  and  the 
ruin  of  its  business  for  a  long  period  of  years, —  all  these 
must  be  borne  in  silence.  But  if  it  shall  in  the  end  result 
in  an  effectual  declaration  by  this  court,  of  the  principles 
which  shall  hereafter  guide  the  officials  of  the  United 
States  as  to  the  hundreds  of  other  titles  in  the  territory 
from  which  I  come,  then  it  will  not  have  been  entirely 
in  vain." 

Relative  to  the  first  cultivation  of  any  of  the  lands 
upon  the  Maxwell  Grant,  the  testimony  of  General  Kit 
Carson  has  been  preserved,  who  in  1857,  giving  testimony 
before  the  surveyor-general  of  New  Mexico,  said :  "I 
have  known  the  property  since  1845.  I  passed  there  in 
1844  with  Lucien  B.  Maxwell  and  saw  large  fields  of  corn, 
beans,  pumpkins,  and  a  great  deal  of  land  cultivated,  and 
several  houses  built  on  the  Big  Cimarron.  I  went  there 
myself  with  Richard  Owens  in  1845 ;  we  built  houses  and 
I  had  fifteen  acres  under  cultivation.  I  left  in  August  of 
the  same  year  for  California.  Lucien  B.  Maxwell  settled 
on  the  Rayado,  in  1849,  and  has  been  there  up  to  this 
time :  there  are  about  200  acres  under  cultivation,  $15,000 
in  buildings,  and  about  15,000  head  of  stock  on  the  grant. 
Maxwell  is  the  son-in-law  of  Carlos  Beaubien  and  he  holds 
the  land  under  the  right  of  Beaubien." 

The  members  of  the  Departmental  Assembly  at  the 
time  this  grant  was  made  were  Felipe  Sena,  Antonio 
Sena,  and  Donaciano  Vigil  was  the  acting  secretary.  Don 
Juan  Andres  Archuleta  was  the  prefect.  He,  under  or- 
ders from  the  Department  Assembly  and  the  governor, 
placed  the  grantees,  Beaubien  and  Miranda,  in  possession 
on  the  18th  of  April,  1844.  The  place  called  Rayado  was 
settled  just  one  year  after  the  American  occupation  of 
New  Mexico. 

The  charges  which  were  made  against  Beaubien  by  Fr. 
Antonio  Jose  Martinez  were  declared  to  be  false  by  the 
Departmental  Assembly,  as  appears  from  a  report  to 
Governor  Armijo,  as  follows: 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     61 

''Most  Excellent  Sir:  In  session  today  of  this  most 
excellent  assembly,  in  consideration  of  your  excellency's 
decree,  has  resolved  upon  the  following  opinion: 

"This  most  excellent  assembly  being  informed  of  the 
petition  of  Mr.  Carlos  Beaubien,  in  which  he  states  for 
himself  and  in  the  name  of  his  associate,  Miranda,  that 
in  consequence  of  an  order  issued  by  the  most  excellent 
Governor  Don  Mariano  Chavez,  the  free  use  and  benefit 
of  their  possession  was  forbidden  them,  and  that  this 
was  done  on  account  of  a  petition  made  by  the  priest 
Martinez  and  the  chiefs  of  the  Pueblo  of  Taos,  falsely 
stating  that  this  land  was  granted  to  Don  Carlos  Bent 
and  other  foreigners,  the  aforesaid  statement  of  the  priest, 
Martinez  and  associates  being  untrue,  this  assembly  be- 
lieving that  the  order  of  suspension  having  been  based 
upon  that  false  statement,  and  in  view  of  the  documents 
which  accredit  the  legitimate  possession  of  Miranda  and 
Beaubien,  and  their  desires  that  their  colony  shall  in- 
crease in  prosperity  and  industry,  for  which  purpose  he 
has  presented  a  long  list  of  persons  to  whom  they  have 
offered  land  for  cultivation,  and  who  shall  enjoy  the  same 
rights  as  the  owners  of  the  land;  that  the  government 
having  dictated  the  step  for  the  sole  purpose  of  ascer- 
taining the  truth ;  that  the  truth  having  been  ascertained, 
and  the  right  of  the  party  established,  is  of  the  opinion 
that  the  aforesaid  superior  decree  be  declared  null  and 
void,  and  that  Miranda  and  Beaubien  be  protected  in 
their  property,  as  having  been  asked  for  and  obtained 
according  to  law.  This  is  our  opinion ;  but  your  excel- 
lency may  determine  what  you  may  deem  most  proper. 

"Felipe  Sena 

"Agustin  Duran 

"Antonio  Sena 

"DoNACiANO  Vigil,  Secretary" 

It  is  interesting  and  worthy  of  preservation  that  some 
of  the  greatest  lawyers  in  the  United  States  passed  upon 
the  title  to  this  great  estate.  The  concluding  paragraph 
of  an  opinion  delivered  by  one  of  America's  greatest 
jurists  is  as  follows: 

"The  one  unanswerable,  conclusive  reply  to  all  the  ob- 
jections raised,  and  to  all  that  could  be  raised  (unless 
indeed.  Congress  had  been  deceived  by  the  fraud  of  the 
petitioners  into  the  confirmation,  which  no  one  suggests) 
is  that  the  United  States  are  sovereign ;  that  they  owned 
the  title  to  the  tract  in  question,  if  the  antecedent  grant 


62     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

was  void;  that  they  had  the  undisputed,  exclusive  power 
to  grant  or  withhold ;  to  concede,  with  or  without  limita- 
tions, and  that  they  have  chosen  to  confirm  without  limi- 
tation ;  that,  to  the  expression  of  their  will,  their  own 
officers  owe  implicit  obedience,  and  are  without  power  to 
question  or  evade  what  is  expressed  by  the  law  to  be 
their  duty.  If  it  be  necessary  to  quote  authority  in  sup- 
port of  the  proposition  that  the  act  of  the  sovereign,  un- 
like the  deed  of  an  individual,  can  confirm  and  make 
valid  a  void  grant  or  conveyance,  the  case  of  Wilkinson 
V.  Leland,  2  Peters,  627,  is  directly  to  the  point. 

"I  can  find  nothing  in  this  case,  under  any  aspect  in 
which  it  can  be  viewed,  to  justify  the  land  officers  of  the 
United  States  in  refusing  to  survey  this  grant  as  con- 
firmed by  congress.  With  all  the  respect  which  I  en- 
tertain for  their  opinions,  I  cannot  doubt  that  they  are 
(without  the  least  intention  of  doing  so)  inflicting  a 
grievous  injustice  on  the  purchasers  by  refusing  to  sur- 
vey the  grant  unless  restricted  in  the  manner  they  pro- 
pose. J.  P.  Benjamin 

"Temple,  18th  January,  1871." 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  opinion  others  of  like  tenor 
were  given  by  Thomas  F.  Bayard,  William  M.  Evarts, 
Noah  Davis,  George  T.  Curtis,  and  George  H.  Williams. 

151  SANTIAGO  BONE  and  OTHERS. 

Reported  Claim  No.  35  q.  v. 

152  FRANCISCO  BACA  y  ORTIZ  and  SANTIAGO 
ABREU  to  Maria  Gertrudis  Barcelo.  August  6,  1844. 
County  of  Santa  Fe. 

Conveyance.     Before  Tomas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

153  CARLOS  BEAUBIEN. 

Petition  in  the  name  of  the  settlers  of  the  Ponil.  Santa 
Fe,  June  8,  1844.     No  action  taken. 

On  January  8,  1841,  Charles  Hipolyte  Trotier-Beaubien 
and  Guadalupe  Miranda  filed  a  petition  with  the  gov- 
ernor of  New  Mexico,  Manuel  Armijo,  asking  for  a  grant 
of  land  in  that  portion  of  New  Mexico  now  embraced 
within  the  limits  of  Colfax  county  and  a  part  of  Las 
Animas  county,  Colorado.  The  petition  requested  a  tract 
of  land  "commencing  below  the  junction  of  the  Rayado 
and  Red  rivers,  from  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  the  east  to 
the  first  hills,  from  thence  following  the  course  of  Red 


THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     63 

river  in  a  northerly  direction  of  Uila  de  Gato  with  Red 
river;  from  whence  following  along  said  hills  to  the  east 
of  the  Uiia  Gato  river  to  the  summit  of  the  table- 
land (mesa),  from  whence  turning  northwest,  following 
said  summit  to  the  summit  of  the  mountain  which  sep- 
arates the  waters  of  the  rivers  which  run  towards  the 
east  from  those  which  run  to  the  west,  from  thence  fol- 
lowing the  summit  of  said  mountain  in  a  southerly  direc- 
tion to  the  first  hill  east  of  the  Rayado  river ;  from  thence 
following  along  the  brow  of  said  hill  to  the  place  of 
beginning. ' ' 

On  January  11th,  the  governor,  in  conformity  with  law, 
made  the  grant  as  requested.  On  February  22,  1843, 
possession  was  given  by  Cornelio  Vigil,  a  justice  of  the 
peace  of  Taos.  The  following  year  Mariano  Chavez,  act- 
ing governor,  suspended  the  grant,  basing  his  action  upon 
a  complaint  filed  by  the  Rev.  Antonio  Jose  Martinez, 
joined  by  the  principales  and  chiefs  of  the  pueblo  of  Taos 
who  complained  that  the  land  in  question,  known  as  the 
"rincon  del  Rio  Colorado"  had  previously  been  granted 
to  the  Indians  by  Carlos  Bent,  afterward  appointed  gov- 
ernor by  General  Kearny  and  killed  in  the  revolution  of 
January  19,  1847;  they  also  charged  that  neither  Beau- 
bien  nor  Miranda  were  citizens  of  Mexico,  but  were 
foreigners. 

Manuel  Armijo  having  been  again  appointed  governor, 
on  the  18th  of  April,  1844,  referred  the  matter  to  the  De- 
partmental Assembly,  which  body  reversed  the  action  of 
Governor  Chavez  and  approved  the  grant  to  Beaubien 
and  Miranda. 

Guadalupe  Miranda  had  been  collector  of  customs  for 
General  Armijo.  Carlos  Beaubien  was  a  very  prom- 
inent man,  and  on  September  22,  1846,  when  New 
Mexico's  first  officials  were  named  by  General  S.  W. 
Kearny,  was  appointed  justice  of  the  supreme  court  by 
that  army  officer. 

The  petition  filed  by  the  grantees  is  as  follows : 

"Most  Excellent  Sir:  The  undersigned,  Mexican 
citizens  and  residents  of  this  place,  in  the  most  approved 
manner  required  by  law,  state:  That  of  all  the  depart- 
ments of  the  Republic,  with  the  exception  of  the  Cali- 
fornias.  New  Mexico  is  one  of  the  most  backward  in  in- 
telligence, industry,  and  manufactures,  etc.,  and  surely 
few  others  present  the  natural  advantages  to  be  found 
therein,  not  only  on  account  of  its  abundance  of  water, 


64     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

forests,  wood,  and  useful  timber,  but  also  on  account  of 
the  fertility  of  the  soil,  containing  within  its  bosom  rich 
and  precious  metals,  which  up  to  this  time  are  useless  for 
the  want  of  enterprising  men  who  will  convert  to  the  ad- 
vantage of  other  men  all  of  which  productions  of  nature 
are  susceptible  of  being  used  for  the  benefit  of  society 
within  the  department,  as  well  as  in  the  entire  Republic, 
if  they  were  in  the  hands  of  individuals  who  would  work 
and  improve  them.  An  old  and  true  adage  says  that 
'what  is  the  business  of  all  is  the  business  of  none;' 
therefore  while  the  fertile  lands  in  New  Mexico,  where, 
without  contradiction,  nature  has  proven  herself  more 
generous,  are  not  reduced  to  private  property,  where  it 
will  be  improved,  it  will  be  of  no  benefit  to  the  depart- 
ment, which  abounds  in  idle  people,  who,  for  the  want  of 
occupations,  are  a  burden  to  the  industrious  portions  of 
society,  which  with  their  labor  they  could  contribute  to 
its  welfare  and  honestly  comply  with  their  obligations. 

''Idleness,  the  mother  of  vice,  is  the  cause  of  the  in- 
crease of  crimes  which  are  daily  being  committed,  not- 
withstanding the  severity  of  the  laws  and  their  rigid  ex- 
ecution. The  towns  are  overrun  with  thieves  and  mur- 
derers, who,  by  this  means  alone,  procure  their  subsist- 
ence. We  think  it  a  difficult  task  to  reform  the  present 
generation,  accustomed  to  idleness  and  hardened  vice. 
But  the  rising  one,  receiving  new  impressions,  will  easily 
be  guided  by  the  principles  of  purer  morality.  The  wel- 
fare of  a  nation  consists  in  the  possession  of  lands  which 
produce  all  the  necessaries  of  life  without  requiring  those 
of  other  nations,  and  it  cannot  be  denied  that  New  Mexico 
possesses  this  great  advantage,  and  only  requires  indus- 
trious hands  to  make  it  a  happy  residence.  This  is  the 
age  of  progress  and  the  march  of  intellect,  and  they  are 
so  rapid  that  we  may  expect,  at  a  day  not  far  distant, 
that  they  will  reach  even  us. 

"Under  the  above  conviction  we  both  request  Your  Ex- 
cellency to  be  pleased  to  grant  us  a  tract  of  land  for  the 
purpose  of  improving  it,  without  injury  to  any  third 
person,  and  the  raising  of  sugar  beets,  which  we  believe 
will  grow  well  and  produce  an  abundant  crop,  and  in 
time  to  establish  manufactories  of  cotton  and  wool  and 
raising  stock  of  every  description.  [Description  as 
worded  in  first  part  of  note.] 

"For  the  reasons  above  expressed,  and  being  the  heads 
of  large  families,  we  humbly  pray  Your  Excellency  to 
take    our    joint    petition    under    consideration,    and    be 


m 


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l?lcii'Oitci  tiei  SvCtt^^T^^-vl 


Coat  of  Arms  of  General  De  Vargas 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     65 

pleased  to  grant   ns  the  land  petitioned  for,   by  doing 
which  we  will  both  receive  grace  and  justice. 

' '  We  swear  it  is  not  done  in  malice ;  we  protest  good 
faith,  and  whatever  may  be  necessary,  etc. 

' '  Guadalupe    Miranda 
''Carlos  Beaubien 
''Santa  Fe,  January  8,  1841." 

Beaubien  purchased  the  interest  of  Miranda,  and  in 
1846  removed  from  Taos  to  the  Cimarroncito,  where  he 
found  Lucien  B.  Maxwell  residing.  Beaubien  died  in 
1864.  His  daughter,  Luz  Beaubien,  became  the  wife  of 
Maxwell,  who  meanwhile  had  purchased  the  interests  of 
all  the  heirs  of  his  father-in-law.  Maxwell,  in  turn,  sold 
the  property  to  an  English  syndicate,  through  the  agency 
of  Wilson  Waddingham,  D.  H.  Moffat,  and  J.  B.  Chaffee. 
Maxwell  died  at  Fort  Sumner,  New  Mexico,  in  compara- 
tive poverty,  July  25,  1875. 

Beaubien  was  a  native  of  Canada  and  was  descended 
from  a  long  line  of  noble  ancestors.  The  first  represen- 
tative of  the  name  in  Canada  was  Jules  Trotier,  born 
in  1590,  at  St.  Malod'lye  au  Perche,  France,  who  mar- 
ried Catherine  Loyseau.  His  son,  Antoine,  Sieur  des 
Ruisseaux,  married  Catherine  Lefebone,  by  whom  he  had 
a  son,  Michael,  Sieur  de  Beaubien,  the  first  of  the  family 
to  bear  that  name.  He  married  Agnes  Godfroy  de  Line- 
tot,  and  after  her  death  he  married  Therese  Mouet  de 
Moras.  Louis  Trotier,  Sieur  de  Beaubien,  son  of  the  sec- 
ond marriage,  married  Marie  Louise  Robida  Manseaux. 
They  had  a  son,  Paul  Trotier,  Sieur  de  Beaubien,  who, 
October  3,  1795,  married  Louise  Charlotte  Adelaide 
Durocher,  daughter  of  J.  B.  Durocher  and  Mar- 
guerite Boucher-Denoix.  Charles  Hipolyte  Trotier, 
Sieur  de  Beaubien,  was  the  first  child  of  this  marriage. 
He  came  to  the  United  States,  using  the  name  of  Beau- 
bien, and  arrived  in  New  Mexico  in  1823,  along  with  a 
number  of  other  French-Canadians.  He  settled  in  Taos, 
where  he  married  Paula  Lobato,  the  daughter  of  a  prom- 
inent Mexican  citizen.  Of  this  marriage  there  were  born : 
Narcisco,  killed  in  the  revolution  of  1847 ;  Luz,  the  wife 
of  L.  B.  Maxwell ;  Leonar,  the  wife  of  V.  Trujillo ; 
Juanita,  who  married  L.  D.  J.  Clouthier;  Teodora,  the 
wife  of  Frederick  MuUer ;  Petrita,  who  married  Jesus  Gil 
Abreu ;  and  Pablo,  who  married  Rebecca  Abreu. 


66     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

154  MARIANO  VARELA,  LUIS  AGUILAR  and  JUAN 

TOURNIER.     1845. 

Registration  of  a  mine  called  "El  Santo  Nino/'  at  the 
Real  de  Dolores.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

155  ANTONIO  FRESQUI  to  Francisco  Lorenzo  de  Casa- 
dos.     Santa  Fe,  May  23,  1704. 

Conveyance.     Before  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 

156  LORENZO  de  CARABAJAL.     Alburquerque,  1707. 

Petition  for  title  to  lands  granted  in  1706.  Possession 
given  by  Martin  Hurtado. 

157  FRANCISCO  JOSEPH   de   CASADOS.      Santa  Fe, 

April  12,  1708. 

Petition  for  lands.  Petition  granted  by  the  Marques  de 
la  Peiiuela  and  possession  given  by  Juan  Garcia  de  las 
Rivas.    Small  tract  near  the  City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Caspar  Gutierrez  de  los  Rios,  Secretary  of  Government 
and  War.     Cristoval  de  Gongora,  Secretario  del  Cabildo. 

158  JUAN  DE  RIBERA  and  MARIA  GARCIA  de  NORIE- 
GA, his  wife,  to  Francisco  Lorenzo  de  Casados.  Santa 
Fe,  November  9,  1705. 

Conveyance.     Before  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

159  MARTIN  GARCIA  to  Clara  de  Chaves. 

Donation.  Santa  Fe.  December  1,  1710.  House  and 
land  in  the  City  of  Santa  Fe.  Before  Juan  de  Ulibarri, 
Alcalde.     Cristoval  de  Gongora. 

160  DIEGO  VELASCO  and  MARIA  de  TAPIA,  his  wife, 

to  Juan  Ruiz  Cordero. 

Conveyance.  Sa^ita  Fe,  November  16,  1711.  Before  Diego 
Arias  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

161  MARIA  DE  CABRERA,  widow  of  Joseph  Luis  de  Val- 

des,  to  Ana  Baldes,  wife  of  Lazaro  de  Cordoba. 

Dower.  Pueblo  Nuevo  de  Santa  Cruz.  April  12,  1712. 
Before  Felipe  de  Aratia. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     67 

162  JUANA  DE  SOSSA  CANELA,  widow  of  Salvador  Ma- 
tias  de  Rivera  to  Miguel  Carrillo.  City  of  Santa  Fe, 
August  17, 1713. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Gov- 
ernor. 

This  deed  (1713)  refers  to  the  Rio  Chiquito  and  to  a 
church  then  being  built;  this  is  in  all  probability  the 
church  which  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  cathedral. 

163  JUAN  RODELO  to  Francisco  Lorenzo  de  Casados. 
Santa  Fe,  September  22,  1713. 

Conveyance.     Before  Juan  Garzia  de  la  Rivas. 

164  IDEM. 

165  JUAN  DE  LEON  BRITO  and  MARIA  GRANILLO,  his 

wife,  to  Juana  de  la  Cruz,  widow  of  Josepli  de  la  Vir- 

gen.     Santa  Fe,  November  25,  1713. 

Conveyance.     Before  Juan  Garsia  de  la  Rivas. 

Refers  to  a  house  standing  in  1713  in  the  Barrio  de  Anal- 

co,  Santa  Fe. 

166  SEBASTIAN  de  VARGAS  to  Miguel  de  Coca.  Santa 
Fe,  April  9,  1714. 

Donation  of  one  vara  in  a  mine.  Before  Francisco  Joseph 
Tomas  de  Bohorques,  Nicolas  Ortiz  Niiio  Ladron  de 
Guevara,  Joseph  Manuel  Giltomey. 

167  CRISTOBAL  CRESPIN. 

Grant  on  the  River  Chama.  1714  and  1715.  The  peti- 
tion is  for  ''Las  sohras  de  tierras  de  las  q.  tiene  regis- 
trnda  el  Alferez  Salvor  de  Santiestevan  y  el  Capitdn  Bar- 
tolome  Lohato  de  lo  q.  cupiere  en  dhas  sohras  de  sem- 
bradura  de  maiz  y  trigo  en  el  Rio  de  Chama."  Grant 
approved  August  29,  1714.  Possession  given  August  21, 
1714,  by  Sebastian  Martin,  Alcalde. 

Re-validated  November  25,  1715,  by  Governor  Juan  Ig- 
nacio  Flores  Mogollon,  who  originally  made  the  grant. 
In  these  papei's  are  mentioned  persons  to  whom  grants 
had  been  made  by  this  governor  about  the  same  time, 
viz :  Nicolas  Griego,  Bartolome  Lobato,  Antonio  de  Sala- 
zar,  Nicolas  de  Valverde,  Salvador  de  Santiestevan,  Roque 
de   Pintto,    Secretary   of    Government. 


68     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

168  JUAN  DE  LA  MORA  PINEDA  to  Juan  Ruiz  Cordero. 

Santa  Fe,  April  22, 1716. 

Conveyance.  Before  Juan  Garzia  de  la  Riva.  House 
and  land. 

169  DIEGO  ARIAS  de  QUIROS. 

In  the  matter  of  a  reservoir  he  was  constructing  in  the 
City  of  Santa  Fe,  at  the  Cienega.  This  item,  a  testimonio, 
covers  sixteen  pages  and  contains  much  of  historical  in- 
terest. 

Further  proceedings  were  had  in  the  same  matter  in 
the  following  year,  as  appears  from  a  document  attached 
to  the  foregoing.  Phelix  Martinez,  Governor  and  Cap- 
tain-General ;  Miguel  Thenorio  de  Alva,  Secretary  of  War 
and  Government ;  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

170  JUANA  MARTIN,  wife  of  Phelipe  de  Aratia  to  Cristo- 

val  Crespin.     Santa  Fe,  October  28,  1718. 

Conveyance.  Before  Don  Francisco  Joseph  Bueno  de 
Bohorques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 

171  CRISTOVAL  CRISPIN  to  Miguel  Duran.     Santa  Fe, 
October  25,  1718. 

Conveyance.  Before  Don  Francisco  Joseph  Bueno  de 
Bohorques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 

172  PEDRO  LUCERO,  CRISTOVAL  GARCIA  and  VEN- 
TURA DE  LA  CANDELARIA. 

Question  in  regard  to  the  sale  of  lands  at  Alhurquerque, 
before  Alonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar,  Teniente  General  of  New 
Mexico.     Alhurquerque,  April  3,  1722. 

173  HERMENEJILDO    SISNEROS,    PHELIPE    NERI 

SISNEROS    and    JUANA    SISNEROS    vs.    JOSEF 

LUJAN  and  SEBASTIAN  MARTIN.     1727. 

Question  as  to  sale  of  lands  in  Rio  Arriba.  Before  Juan 
Domingo  de  Bustamante,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 
This  grant  was  originally  made  to  Antonio  Sisneros, 
father  of  the  complainants. 

174  INHABITANTS  OP  SANTA  CRUZ  vs.  JUAN,  AN- 
TONIO and  CRISTOVAL  TAFOYA. 

Relative  to  pastures  for  stock;  1727.  Before  Juan  Do- 
mingo de  Bustamante,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     69 

Petition  by  certain  citizens  in  regard  to  pasture  lands 
in  the  Caiiada  de  Santa  Clara,  which  they  had  formerly 
used,  but  the  use  of  which  shortly  before  had  been  de- 
nied them  by  Juan  de  Tafoya,  Antonio  de  Tafoya,  and 
their  father,  Cristobal  de  Tafoya,  who  claimed  that  they 
had  been  granted  the  land  for  the  use  of  their  own  herds. 

This  petition  was  presented  to  Governor  Bustamante 
on  December  9,  1727,  and  he  ordered  the  chief  alcalde  of 
Santa  Cruz  de  la  Caiiada  to  have  the  Tafoyas  appear 
within  three  days  after  notification,  and  present  their 
title  or  grant  for  examination. 

Antonio  appeared  before  the  alcalde  and  stated  that 
his  brother  was  sick,  and  his  father  was  at  Jemez,  but  that 
he  (Antonio)  would  go  to  Santa  Fe  to  see  the  governor. 
It  appears  that  on  his  failing  to  do  this  within  the  period 
fixed,  the  governor  ordered  the  alcalde  to  send  him  in  to 
Santa  Fe.  This  was  done,  and  the  governor  put  him  in 
the  guardhouse  under  arrest,  and  subsequently  ordered 
him  to  make  reply  within  three  days  to  the  charges  made 
by  the  citizens  in  their  petition. 

Tafoya  asked  that  the  petition  be  delivered  to  him  in 
order  that  he  might  be  able  to  answer  the  charges;  and 
stated  that  he  would  also  explain  why  he  had  failed  to 
appear  before  the  governor  when  first  ordered  so  to  do. 

Here  the  proceedings  abruptly  end.  It  seems  likely 
that  these  Tafoyas  were  the  same  persons  who  subse- 
quently had  disputes  with  the  Indians  of  Santa  Clara  in 
regard  to  the  same  lands.  These  disputes  were  settled 
by  Governor  Tomas  Velez  in  the  year  1763,  in  favor  of  the 
Indians. 

175  LEONOR  M0NTA5J0  and  MARIA  ANTONIA  de 
CHAVES  to  Antonio  de  Chaves.  Santa  Fe,  Septem- 
ber 9,  1729. 

Conveyance  of  a  tract  of  land  in  Atrisco.     Before  Don 
Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

176  ANTE  No.  175,  q.  v. 

Ill  PEDRO  CHAVES. 

Inventory  of  the  estate  and  partition  of  the  same  by  Don 
Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  1736. 

178  NICOLAS  DE  CHAVES. 

This  document  is  marked  '^Escrituras  de  Dn.  Nicolas  de 
Chaves,  en  ocho  fojas." 


70     THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

JUANA  DE  SEDILLO,  wife  of  Francisco  Garcia  to  An- 
tonio de  Sedillo.     Alburquerque,  January  9,  1734. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Geronimo  Jaramillo,  Al- 
calde. 

DIEGO  PADILLA  to  Diego  Borrego.     Alburquerque, 
January  7, 1734. 

Donation  of  land.     Before  Juan  Gonzales  Bas. 

ANTONIO  SEDILLO,  son  of  Joaquin  Sedillo,  to  Diego 

Borrego.     Alburquerque,  January  11,  1734. 

Conveyance  of  a  tract  of  land  below  the  pueblo  of  Isleta. 
Boundaries,  north,  the  league  of  the  pueblo  of  Isleta; 
south,  a  twin  alamo  called  ''Alamo  de  Culehra" ;  east, 
the  Rio  Grande ;  west,  the  Puerco  ridge.  In  the  con- 
veyance it  is  set  forth  that  this  tract  was  granted  to  the 
father  of  the  grantor  by  the  crown.  Before  Juan  Gon- 
zales Bas. 

This  grant  was  made  to  the  petitioner,  Don  Antonio 
Sedillo,  in  the  year  1769,  whose  petition  stated  "that  at 
the  time  when  this  kingdom  was  governed  by  his  excel- 
lency, Don  Francisco  Marin  del  Valle,  I  and  other  neigh- 
bors of  mine  presented  a  petition  asking  a  grant  of  lands 
called  'Los  Quelites/  which  was  granted  and  given  to  us, 
and  which  we  inhabited  for  four  years,  and  it  is  now 
nearly  three  years  since  the  same  was  abandoned  on  ac- 
count of  the  great  risk  and  the  small  forces  we  had  for 
such  a  frontier.  I  therefore  appeal  to  the  Catholic  zeal  of 
your  excellency,  and  humbly  kneel  down  before  your  roy- 
al patronage,  asking  that  your  excellency  concede  to  me 
a  tract  of  land,  which  at  the  end  of  the  aforementioned 
land  grant  I  have  registered,  and  which  is  called  'La 
Canada  de  Los  Apaches.'  Its  boundary  on  the  east  is  a 
hill  called  Cerro  Colorado,  which  is  the  boundary  of  those 
of  Atrisco;  on  the  west  the  point  of  a  table-land,  which 
runs  in  said  direction  and  which  comes  out  of  the  said 
Canada;  on  the  north  the  grant  of  the  settlers  of  the  Rio 
Puerco;  on  the  south  the  boundary  of  Mateo  Pino.  This 
I  expect  from  the  Christian  zeal  of  your  excellency,  and 
if  at  any  time  the  said  place  should  become  settled,  I 
shall  put  no  obstacle  to  their  enjoying  it,  if  they  do  not 
prejudice  me  in  the  possession  of  my  part,  which  I  so 
humbly  ask  for,  and  which  I  claim  on  account  of  having 
no  land  of  my  own  whereby  to  maintain  my  large  family, 
and  because  I  am  a  poor  man,  and  have  been  for  over 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     71 

twenty  years  in  the  royal  service,  as  a  private  soldier, 
corporal,  sergeant,  and  on  various  occasions  as  a  com- 
manding judge  and  at  present  the  chief  alcalde  of  the 
pueblos  of  Acoma,  Laguna  and  Zuiii,  for  all  of  which  I 
pray  your  excellency,  etc.     .  Antonio  Sedillo" 

The  grant  was  made  by  Governor  Mendinueta  and 
possession  given  by  Don  Carlos  Jose  Perez  de  Mirabal, 
in  the  presence  of  Captain  Baltazar  Baca  and  Manuel 
Torres,  and  the  settlers  of  Atrisco  and  Rio  Puerco,  in- 
cluding Manuel  Vaca,  Jose  Chaves,  and  Lieutenant  Juan 
Bautista  Montailo,  and  some  ^^ Navajo  Apaches.''^  The 
Joaquin  Sedillo  Grant  was  confirmed  by  the  court  of 
private  land  claims  and  surveyed  for  more  than  22,600 
acres. 

The  survey  was  of  two  tracts,  of  which  No.  1  is  claimed 
by  the  heirs  of  Francisco  Javier  Chaves,  and  this  conflicts 
with  the  Lo  de  Padilla  Grant. 

Tract  No.  2  is  claimed  by  the  Isleta  Indians.  It  was 
patented  November  15,  1909. 

179  MARIA  GONZALES   to   Juan   Carrillo.     Santa  Fe, 
April  12,  1738. 

Conveyance  of  lands.     Before  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 

180  GREGORIO  CRESPIN. 

Grant  by  Don  Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza,  Governor 
and  Captain-General,  Santa  Fe,  August  8,  1742.  Boun- 
daries :  North,  the  lands  of  Captain  Sebastian  de  Vargas ; 
south,  the  road  of  El  Alamo ;  east,  the  lands  of  Captain 
Juan  Garcia;  west,  the  lands  of  Juan  Phelipe  Eodriguez. 
Possession  given  by  Don  Antonio  de  Hulibarri,  Alcalde. 
To  his  excellency  the  governor  and  captain-general :  I, 
Gregorio  Crespin,  inhabitant  of  the  town  of  Santa  Fe, 
placed  at  the  feet  of  the  greatness  of  your  excellency  in 
the  best  form  that  there  may  be  allowed  to  me  and  say: 
That  because  I  am  loaded  with  obligations  and  that  I  do 
not  have  a  piece  of  land  for  ploughing  to  discharge  my 
said  obligations  I  have  known  of  a  piece  of  land  which  is 
sitting  on  the  other  side  of  the  river  which  are  surplus 
lands  of  Captain  Juan  Garcia  de  las  Rivas,  and  its  boun- 
daries are  the  following:  On  the  east  they  adjoin  with 
the  lands  of  the  said  Captain  Juan  Garcia,  on  the  west 
with  lands  of  Juan  Phelipe  Rodriguez,  on  the  north  of 
Captain  Sebastian  de  Vargas,  and  on  the  south  with  the 
alamo  road   (camino  del  alamo),  which  lands  I  ask  the 


72     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

greatness  of  your  excellency  to  give  to  me  as  a  grant  in 
the  name  of  his  majesty  (whom  may  God  preserve)  and 
if  you  will  grant  them  to  me  that  royal  possession  be 
given  to  me,  for  I  will  receive  grace,  and  I  swear  in  due 
form  that  this  petition  is  not  done  in  bad  faith,  etc. 

Gregorio  Crespin  [rubric] 

ORDER 

In  the  town  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  8th  day  of  the  month 
of  August,  1742,  I,  the  Lieutenant-Colonel  Don  Gaspar 
Domingo  de  Mendosa,  governor  and  captain-general  of  this 
kingdom  of  New  Mexico,  in  view  of  the  present  petition  I 
should  and  did  command  the  alcalde  mayor  of  this  town, 
Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  to  go  upon  the  tract  of  lands 
asked  for  by  the  petitioner  and  after  examining  them  to 
give  him  in  the  name  of  his  majesty  (God  preserve  him) 
the  grant  he  asks  for  himself,  his  children,  and  successors 
by  better  right,  observing  at  its  delivery  the  circumstances 
and  necessary  requirements  such  as  are  accustomed,  and 
especially  the  one  that  no  harm  shall  result  to  third  party ; 
thus  I  provided  and  ordered  and  signed  with  witnesses  of 
my  attendance  for  the  lack  of  public  or  royal  notary, 
there  being  none,  and  upon  the  present  paper,  there  being 
none  of  the  seal  in  said  kingdom,  to  which  I  certify,  etc. 
Don  Gaspar  Domingo  Mendosa  [rubric] 

Joseph  de  Terrus 

Joseph  Truxillo 

.  In  the  town  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  8th  day  of  the  month 
of  August,  1742,  I,  the  Captain  Antonio  de  Ullibari,  al- 
calde mayor  and  war  captain  of  this  town,  before  me  ap- 
peared Gregorio  Crespin,  inhabitant  of  the  said  town,  and 
showed  me  a  grant  of  land  made  to  him  by  the  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Don  Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendosa,  and  having 
seen  it,  I,  the  said  alcalde  mayor,  went  upon  the  lands 
stated  in  this  grant,  and  being  upon  them  and  having  ex- 
amined them  I  took  the  said  Gregorio  Crespin  by  the  hand 
and  led  him  over  the  ground.  He  plucked  grass,  cast 
stones,  shouted,  saying :  ' '  Long  live  the  King  of  Spain,  my 
lord  Don  Phillip  the  fifth"  (whom  may  God  preserve)  fix- 
ing for  him  the  boundaries,  which  are :  On  the  east  with 
lands  of  Captain  Miguel  Garcia  de  las  Rivas,  on  the  west 
reaching  up  to  the  lands  of  Phelipe  Pacheco,  on  the  north 
the  highway  for  wagons  that  goes  from  this  town  to  the 
alamo  (camino  real  de  los  carros  que  sale  de  esta  villa 
para  el  alamo)  on  the  south  side  an  ancient  ditch  which 
forms  the  boundary  of  Juan  Arguello;  and  at  said  act 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     73 

of  possession  were  present  Phelipe  Tafoya,  Juan  Antonio 
de  Apodaca,  Juan  Arguello,  Juan  Antonio  de  Archuleta, 
whom  I  asked  if  they  knew  or  have  noticed  whether  any 
one  had  a  right  to  these  lands,  and  all  answered  that 
they  did  not  know  or  have  notice  that  any  other  person 
had  a  right  to  the  same,  but  they  had  always  believed  it 
to  belong  to  Captain  Juan  Garzia  de  las  Rivas ;  thus  they 
stated  before  me  the  said  alcalde  mayor,  acting  as  judge 
commissioner;  for  the  lack  of  public  or  royal  notary  for 
there  are  none  in  this  kingdom ;  upon  the  present  kind  of 
paper,  for  there  is  none  of  the  seal  in  these  regions,  to 
which  I  certify.  Antonio  de  Ulibarri  [rubric] 

Witt. : 

Phelipe  Tafolla;  Juan  Manuel  Chirinos. 

181  JUANA  BACA  to  Joaquin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor 

and  Captain-General. 

A  house  and  lot.  Santa  Fe,  June  10,  1746.  The  gov- 
ernor bought  this  property  in  order  to  destroy  it  as  it 
obstructed  the  approach  to  the  new  church. 

This  archive  contains  certified  copies  of  two  deeds,  made 
in  1714,  which  describe  lands  situate  ''En  la  Calle  Bl.  q 
ha  de  la  plaza  a  la  Yglesia  nueha  q  se  esta  fahricando-/^ 
translated  —  On  the  main  street  which  goes  from  the  plaza 
to  the  neiv  church  which  is  being  built.  This  shows  that 
the  church  which  De  Vargas  built  at  the  time  of  the  re- 
conquest,  or  the  church  which  stood  in  Santa  Fe  before 
1680,  mentioned  in  archives  No.  8  and  No.  169,  and  which 
was  destroyed  by  the  Indians  in  1680,  was  on  the  plaza. 

182  ANTONIO  SISNEROS. 

Only  four  pages  and  there  is  no  date  and  no  signature  as 
well. 

183  ANTONIO  CASADOS  and  LUIS  QUINTANA.     In- 

dios  Genizaros  vs.    .    .    Barrera,  Diego  de  Torres,  and 

Antonio  Salazar. 

Matters  relative  to  lands  at  Belen,  county  of  Valencia. 
This  item  consists  of  testimonios  of  the  original  papers 
which  were  sent  to  the  Conde  de  Fuenclara,  Viceroy  of 
New  Spain.    1746. 

Some  Indians  claimed  that  lands  at  Belen  were  the 
property  of  an  Indian  pueblo  and  that  the  Spaniards  were 
intruding  upon  them. 


74     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

184  NICOLAS  DE  CHAVES.     Compromise  with  Bernabe 
Baca. 

Keported  Claim  No.  155,  q.  v. 

185  JUANATILLA,  a  half-breed  woman.     1747. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  her  estate.  Pueblo  of  San 
Buenaventura  de  Cochiti.  Before  Don  Joaquin  Codallos 
y  Rabal,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 

186  PARTIDO  DE  CHAMA. 

Decree  of  Captain-General  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin  pro- 
hibiting the  abandonment  of  said  Partido.  Santa  Fe, 
August  1,  1749. 

This  is  a  decree  prohibiting  the  abandonment  of  the 
Chama  district. 

187  JUAN  ROMERO  to  Joseph  Cordova.     San  Francisco 

Xavier  del  Pueblo  Quemado,  January  12, 1750. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Al- 
calde. 

188  PEDRO  CORDOBA  to  Lazaro  Cordoba.     Puehlo  Que- 

mado,  February  12,  1750. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Al- 
calde. 

189  LAZARO  de  CORDOBA  to  Antonio  de  Cordoba.     Pues- 

to  de  Nuestra  Senora  de  la  Soledad  del  Rio  Arriba.     En 

la  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.     September  1,  1750. 

Conveyance  of  lands.  Before  Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Al- 
calde. 

190  MANUELA  de  VEYTIA  to  Salvador  Casillas.    Santa 
Fe,  March  2,  1751. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lot.  Before  Joseph  Bustamante 
y  Tagle,  Alcalde. 

191  ANA  MARIA  de  CORDOVA. 

Will.  Pojoaque,  March  16,  1753.  Before  Hilario  Ar- 
chuleta, Alcalde. 

192  JOSEPH  RODRIGUEZ  to  Tomas  Casillas.     Santa  Fcy 
May  8,  1753. 

Conveyance  of  land.    Before  Nicolas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     75 

193  JUANA  GALVANA,  a  half-breed  of  Zia. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  her  estate.     Before  Antonio 
Baca,  Alcalde,  1753. 

194  SEBASTIAN  de  VARGAS  to  Gregorio  Crespin.  San- 
ta Fe,  November  7,  1755. 

Before  Francisco  Guerrero.  Lands.  400  by  58  varas  in 
area. 

195  MARCIAL  MARTIN,  Executor  of  Sebastian  Martin, 
deceased,  to  Francisco  Chacon.  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Can- 
ada, December  14,  1763. 

Before  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde. 

196  QUITERIA  CHAVES.  Petition  sobre  el  repartimien- 
to  de  Unas  tierras  a  sus  hijos  naturales  en  defecto  de  no 
tenerlos  legitimos.     Alburquerque,  1764. 

Lands  situate  in  Atrisco.  Before  Don  Tomas  Velez  Ca- 
chupin,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 

197  MARIA  CHAVES,  widow  of  Sebastian  Martin. 

Will.  Puesto  de  Nuestra  Senora  de  la  Soledad,  county  of 
Rio  Arriba,  May  2,  1765.  Before  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja, 
Alcalde. 

198  PETRONA  de  CARDENAS. 

Will.  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Canada.  February  15,  1767. 
Before  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde. 

199  ANTONIO  and  PEDRO  CHAVES. 

Grant.     Reported  Claim  No.  99. 

200  IGNACIO  CHAVES,  et  al. 

Reported  Claim  No.  96. 

201  NICOLAS  DE  CHAVES. 

Reported  Claim  No.  155. 

This  grant  was  made  in  1768,  January  20,  to  Ignacio, 
Tomas,  Miguel,  and  Antonio  Chaves,  all  residents  of  the 
valley  of  Atrisco,  whose  "fathers  and  grand-fathers  were 
the  conquerors  of  this  province"  and  who  were  anxious 
"to  follow  in  their  foot-steps"  according  to  the  wording 
of  the  petition.  They  also  had  in  mind  treating  the  Nava- 
jos  and  Apaches  "with  love  and  Christian  sincerity,  en- 
deavouring to  attract  them  to  a  love  of  our  Holy  Faith" 


76     THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

and  all  of  whom  were  to  be  present  when  possession  was 
ordered  given.  The  grant  was  made  by  Governor  Men- 
dinueta  and  possession  was  given  by  Captain  Bartolome 
Fernandez,  who  names  with  the  Chaves  Don  Domingo  de 
Luna  as  a  grantee,  who  had  applied  for  the  property 
along  with  the  others. 

202  INHABITANTS  OF  CARNUEL. 

Reported  Claim  No.  150. 

203  CARRISAL. 

Testimonio  of  proceedings  relating  to  the  re-settlement  of 
the  same.  Manuel  Antonio  San  Juan,  Sargento  Mayor  y 
Capitan  Justieia  Mayor,  El  Paso  del  Rio  del  Norte. 

The  re-settlement  of  Carrizal;  probably  in  the  present 
State  of  Chihuahua,  Mexico. 

204  FRANCISCO  ANTONIO  CHAVES  and  BARTO- 
LOME MONTOYA,  for  themselves  and  12  others  of 
Atrisco  vs.  DIEGO  ANTONIO  CHAVES.  Atrisco, 
1786. 

Question  of  entrances,  exits,  etc.  Before  Don  Juan  Bau- 
tista  de  Anza,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Manuel 
de  Arteaga,  Alcalde. 

205  CEBOLLETA  GRANT. 

Reported  Claim  No.  46,  q.  v. 

206  CEBOLLETA  GRANT. 

Reported  Claim  No.  46,  q.  v. 

207  CEBOLLETA  GRANT. 

Reported  Claim  No.  46,  q.  v. 

This  was  confirmed  March  3,  1869,  and  was  surveyed 
in  1876.  Its  entire  southern  boundary  is  coterminous 
with  the  northern  boundary  of  the  Paguate  Purchase, 
which  is  the  property  of  the  pueblo  of  Laguna.  The 
grant  was  patented  in  1882.  The  question  of  the  cor- 
rect location  of  the  Gavilan  table-land  has  been  a  matter 
of  dispute  for  years. 

208  TERESA  CORTES. 

Question  in  regard  to  the  possession  of  lands  at  Abiquiu. 
Before  Alberto  Mainez,  Governor,  in  the  year  1808,  and 
apparently  continued  until  1824. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     77 

The  expedie7ite  contains  forty-six  fojas  and  is  incom- 
plete. 

On  page  1  of  leaf  2  is  a  reference  to  the  pueblo  of 
Ahiquiil  having  been  founded  in  1754,  by  Governor  Veles 
Cachupin. 

209  JOSE  ANTONIO  CHAVES  for  himself  and  in  the 
name  of  the  heirs  of  ESTEVAN  and  BERNARDO  PA- 
DILLA,  all  of  San  Andres  de  las  Padillas. 

Title  as  to  lands.  Before  Don  Jose  Manrique,  Governor, 
1809.     Lorenzo  Gutierrez,  Alcalde. 

210  CANON  DEL  JEMEZ. 

Complaint  of  settlers  vs.  Bias  Lopez.  November  6,  1809. 
Before  Don  Jose  Manrique,  Governor.     No  action  taken. 

211  JOSE  AGUSTIN  de  la  PENA,  and  in  the  name  of  DO- 
MINGO CHAVES,  LUIS  PADILLA  and  FRANCIS- 
CO PADILLA  and  of  the  HEIRS  of  CLEMENTE 
GUTIERRES  vs.  URSULA  CHAVES. 

Question  as  to  lands,  1809.  Before  Don  Jose  Manrique, 
Governor. 

212  BUENAVENTURA  CHAVES. 

Question  of  lands  in  the  Los  Limas  Tract.  1810.  Before 
Don  Jose  Manrique,  Governor. 

Los  Lunas;  there  are  matters  of  some  historical  sig- 
nificance in  this  item. 

213  ANTONIO  CANJUEBE ;  half-breed  of  the  Pueblo  of 
Santa  Clara.     1744  to  1817. 

Petition  in  regard  to  a  piece  of  land  near  the  pueblo  of 
Santa  Clara.  Before  Don  Joaquin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Gov- 
ernor. Francisco  de  Roa  y  Carrillo;  Phelipe  Jacobo  de 
Nuanes;  Santiago  de  Roybal,  Vicar  and  Ecclesiastical 
Judge;  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo,  Notary;  Pedro  Maria 
de  Allande,  Governor;  Bernardo  Bonavia,  Commandante 
General,  Durango. 

This  document  is  interesting  rather  than  important.  It 
relates  to  a  dispute  between  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara 
and  certain  Indians  of  that  puehlo,  in  regard  to  a  strip 
of  land  within  the  boundaries  of  the  grant.  These  In- 
dians claimed  that  the  land  in  dispute  had  been  acquired 
by  their  grandfather,  Roque  Canjuebe,  in  exchange  for 


78     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

other  land  nearer  the  pueblo ;  that  this  occurred  in  1744, 
when  their  grandfather  by  permission  of  the  Spanish  gov- 
ernment severed  his  tribal  relations  and  became  a  Spanish 
citizen. 

The  dispute  about  the  land  arose  in  1815,  when  the 
pueblo  of  Santa  Clara  objected  to  the  Indians  who 
claimed  to  be  Spanish  citizens  remaining  within  the 
boundaries  of  the  grant,  and  occupying  lands  there. 

Governor  Alberto  Maynez  decided  in  favor  of  the  pueblo, 
and  some  of  the  Indians  who  claimed  to  be  Spanish  citi- 
zens and  to  have  a  right  to  the  land  in  dispute,  not  only 
because  it  had  belonged  to  their  grandfather,  but  also  be- 
cause they  had  occupied  it  long  enough  to  acquire  title 
by  prescription,  made  as  many  as  three  trips  clear  to 
Durango  and  back,  to  lay  the  matter  before  the  command- 
ant general.  It  was  finally  settled  by  their  surrendering 
the  land  to  the  pueblo,  and  being  permitted  to  take  up 
their  residence  wherever  they  saw  fit. 

The  arguments  advanced  by  the  litigants  in  support  of 
their  several  contentions  are  quite  interesting. 

The  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara  is  referred  to  as  ^'El  Pueblo 
de  Santa  Clara  de  los  Caballeros." 

214  TOWN  OF  CEVILLETA. 

Reported  Claim  No,  95. 

Don  Juan  de  Oiiate  gave  the  name  to  the  pueblo.  He 
found  it  a  small  place  and  called  it  "New  Seville."  It 
was  a  Piro  pueblo.  Onate  also  mentions  a  pueblo  sixteen 
miles  north  which  would  be  about  where  Sabinal  of  today 
is  located ;  there  is  an  old  ruin  there,  which  was  inhabited 
in  Oiiate 's  time. 

The  pueblo  of  Sevilleta  was  destroyed  in  wars  with 
other  tribes,  according  to  Fr.  Benavides,  Memorial,  p.  16. 
In  the  year  1626,  it  was  re-settled  and  a  church  dedicated 
to  San  Luis  Obispo,  was  built.  This  was  the  headquarters 
of  a  mission  and  was  the  most  northerly  at  that  time  of 
the  Piro  settlements.  In  1680,  at  the  time  of  the  driving 
out  of  the  Spaniards,  this  was  a  very  small  place,  and  the 
inhabitants  accompanied  the  Spaniards  to  El  Paso.  Ve- 
tancurt,  Cronica,  p.  310,  says  of  the  place:  "Y  le  habitan 
tres  familias,  hoy  estd  asolado."  Alonzo  de  Garcia  — 
Autos  presentados  en  Disculpa,  folio  45,  says :  "  F  habi- 
cndome  llegado  al  Pueblo  de  Sevilleta  donde  halle  a  los 
naturales  de  dicho  pueblo  quietos  y  pacificos  al  paracer, 
pues  dejaron  su  pueblo,  y  me  fueron  siguiendo  hasta  el 
del  Socorro,  que  unos,  y  otros  con  de  nacion  Piros." 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     79 

These  Piros  were  not  invited  by  the  northern  pueblos  to 
participate  in  the  uprising;  see  Interrogatorios  de  varios 
Indios,  1681,  folio  125:  "Que  cogio  un  mecate  de  palmilla, 
y  marando  en  el  unos  nudos,  que  significahan  los  dias  que 
faltaban,  para  la  egecucion  de  la  tracion,  lo  despacho  por 
todos  los  pueblos  Jiasta  el  de  la  Isleta  sin  que  quedase  en 
todo  el  reyno,  mas  que  el  de  la  nacion  de  los  Piros." 

The  Sevilleta  Land  Grant  was  made  in  1819,  with  an 
area  of  224,770  acres;  the  claim  was  approved  by  the  sur- 
veyor-general in  1874.  It  was  confirmed  to  Felipe  Peralta 
et  al.  by  the  court  of  private  land  claims,  the  area  being 
261,187.90  acres. 

215  MARIA  DE  LA  LUZ  CANDELARIA.     San  Jose  de  las 
Huertas,  1820. 

Complaint  against  Francisco  Miera  in  the  matter  of  a 
tract  of  land  at  San  Francisco,  jurisdiction  of  Las  Huer- 
tas.   Before  Don  Facundo  Melgares,  Governor. 

RANCHO  DE  CUBERO.  Three  loose  papers  relating  to 
a  rancho  situate  between  the  pueblos  of  San  Felipe  and 
Santo  Domingo.  Santiago  Fernandez  and  Jose  Alexandre 
Quintana,  claimants.  Before  Don  Facundo  Melgares,  Gov- 
ernor. 

216  URSULA  CHAVES,  of  Las  Padillas,  vs.  JOAQUIN 
PINO. 

Question  of  a  rancho  by  the  name  of  "El  Rita."  1821. 
Before  Don  Facundo  Melgares,  Governor. 

217  IDEM,  q.  v. 

218  ANTONIO  CHAVEZ,  of  Belen. 

Petition  for  lands,  1825.  The  place  called  "Arroyo  de 
San  Lorenzo."  Boundaries:  North,  the  Mesita  del  Ala- 
millo ;  south,  Rancho  de  Pablo  Garcia ;  east.  El  Rio  del 
Norte ;  west,  el  ojo  de  la  Jara.  Before  the  Territorial 
Deputation.  On  March  3,  1825,  this  petition  was  granted 
by  the  deputation. 

These  papers  contain  a  reference  to  the  Socorro  Grant, 
q.  V. 

219  INHABITANTS  OF  LA  CANADA. 

Permission  given  them  to  settle  on  lands  near  the  pueblo 
of  Picuries,  by  the  Territorial  Deputation.    May  2,  1829. 


80     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

220  SAMUEL  CHAMBERS,  a  naturalized  citizen. 

Petition  to  the  Territorial  Deputation  asking  permission 
to  settle  on  the  Rio  del  Poriil.  Refused.  November  10, 
1830. 

221  JOSE  and  RAMON  TORRES. 

Question  of  lands  with  the  Cura,  Vineente  Chaves.  Sa- 
binal,  November  9,  1831.  Letter  to  Jose  Antonio  Chaves, 
Jefe  Politico.  The  lands  are  at  the  place  called  "Bosque 
Redondo." 

222  ANA  MARIA  del  CASTILLO  vs.  MIGUEL  SENA. 
Santa  Fe,  May  20, 1834. 

Claims  a  house  and  lot  in  the  City  of  Santa  Fe. 

223  IGNACIO,  FRANCISCO,  JOAQUIN,  JOSE  and  JOSE 
DE  LA  CRUZ  CHAVES  and  MIGUEL  ARCHULETA 
and  NICANOR  IDALGO. 

Petition  for  lands  at  Galisteo.  January  29,  1842.  Before 
Colonel  J.  Andres  Archuleta,  Prefect.     Granted. 

224  GRANT  within  the  limits  of  the  present  State  of  Colo- 
rado. 

225  JUAN  DE  JESUS  CORDOBA  and  JOSE  MANUEL 
TRUJILLO  of  San  Pedro  de  Chamita. 

A  question  as  to  water  rights,  1843. 

226  JOSE    FRANCISCO    BARELA   to   Juan    Coquindo. 

Valles  de  Santa  Gertnidis  de  lo  de  Mora.     October  7, 

1844. 

Validation  of  a  conveyance  of  land.  Before  Tomas  Ortiz, 
Alcalde. 

227  LUIS  CARBONO.     Grant.     Valle  de  Santa  Gertrudis 

de  lo  de  Mora,  October  10,  1844. 

The  tract  is  situate  at  the  place  known  as  '^  La  Cueva  de 
las  Pescadores."  By  order  of  the  Prefect  of  the  First 
District,  Colonel  Juan  Andres  Archuleta,  dated  January 
3,  1844.    Before  Captain  Tomas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

228  LA  CIENEGA.  City  of  Santa  Fe.  Years  1826  to 
1845. 

Seven  papers  relating  to  this  tract  of  land. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     81 

229  TOWN  OF  CHAPERITO. 

File  No.  7,  office  of  Surveyor-General,  q.  v. 

230  MANUEL  VACA  to  Fernando  Duran  y  Chaves.    Ber- 
nalillo, May  5,  1701. 

Donation  of  a  piece  of  land  ''que  es  la  cantidad  que  al- 
canzare  un  ttiro  de  piedra  con  la  mano." 

Before  Joseph  Rodriguez,  Alcalde.  Testimonio  certi- 
fied to  by  Joseph  Rodriguez. 

The  original  grant  to  the  lands  at  Bernalillo,  after  the 
re-conquest  was  made  by  General  De  Vargas,  to  Felipe 
Gutierrez;  it  had  previously  been  granted  to  Gutierrez 
by  Governor  Cubero,  December  3,  1701.  The  original 
petition  applied  for  a  tract  of  land  situate  on  "this  side 
of  the  Rio  del  Norte,  in  front  of  the  house  of  Captain 
Diego  Montoya,  which  is  called  the  Ancon  del  Tejedor 
(Weavers'  Bend),  containing  a  league  and  a  half  in 
area."  De  Vargas  re-validated  the  grant  in  1704,  and 
royal  possession  was  not  given  until  1708  —  by  Martin 
Hurtado,  alcalde  and  war-captain.  In  1742  Don  Gaspar 
Domingo  de  Mendoza  required  Antonio  Ulibarri,  chief  al- 
calde of  Alburquerque,  to  ascertain  and  report  to  him 
whether  this  tract  had  been  occupied  or  abandoned,  as 
a  grant  of  the  same  had  lately  been  made  to  the  Captain 
Luis  Garcia.  Don  Tomas  C.  de  Baca  testifying  in  this 
case,  declares  that  at  the  time  of  the  making  of  the  grant 
the  Rio  Grande  was  to  the  east  of  the  property. 

231  JOSEPHA  DOMINGUEZ,  mdow  of  Matias  Martin. 
Santa  Fe,  1710. 

Presents  will  of  her  deceased  husband.  Before  Captain 
Phelix  Martinez,  Governor,  and  Captain  Juan  Paez  Hur- 
tado, Visitador  General.     This  is  a  partition  proceeding. 

232  BENITO  DOMINGUEZ.     Grant.     8anta  Fe,  1715. 

Before  Don  Juan  Ignacio  Flores  Mogollon,  Governor. 
Tract  situate  near  the  City  of  Santa  Fe. 

233  DIMAS  XIRON  de  TEGEDA,  husband  of  Ana  Maria 
Dominguez. 

Claims  dower  from  Jose  Dominguez.    1716.    Santa  Fe. 

234  CARLOS  LOPEZ  to  Antonia  Duran,  widow  of  Pascual 

Trujillo.     Santa  Fe,  October  15,  1716. 

Conveyance  of  land  in  Pojoaque.  Before  Juan  Garsia 
de  la  Riva. 


82     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

235  JUANA  DOMINGUEZ.     Santa  Fe. 

Will.  January  12,  1717.  Before  Salvador  Montoya,  Al- 
calde. 

236  ROSA  DURAN  de  AMIJO  vs.  ANTONIO  de  URRI- 

BARRI.     1732. 

Claims  to  be  heir  to  estate  of  his  deceased  wife,  Maria  de 
Chaves.     City  of  Santa  Fe. 

Before  Don  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor  and 
Captain  General.    Juan  Antonio  de  Unanues. 

JUAN  BACA.  Part  of  inventory  of  estate.  Bernalillo, 
1727.  Antonio  de  Gruciaga,  Secretary  of  Government 
and  of  War, 

237  JOSEPH    DURAN.     Grant.     Santa   Fe,   August    18, 

1743. 

Before  Don  Caspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza,  Governor.  Pos- 
session given  by  Antonio  de  Hulibarri,  Alcalde.  Land  on 
the  other  side  of  the  river  in  the  City  of  Santa  Fe. 

238  LEONOR  DOMINGUEZ,  widow  of  Cristoval  Xara- 
millo,  to  Nicolas  Duran.  Alburquerque,  December  11, 
1734. 

Conveyance  of  land  before  Juan  Gonzales  Bas. 

PEDRO  LUZERO  to  Nicolas  Duran.  Alburquerque,  Au- 
gust 10,  1735. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Juan  Gonzales  Bas,  ''las 
quales  tuho  por  erencia  de  su  difunto  padre,  Nicolas  Lu- 
cero,  quien  las  poseo  por  mersed  que  de  ellas  y  otras  mas 
se  le  yso  en  nombre  de  su  Magd.  cmno  a  originario  fun- 
dador  de  esta  villa."    No.  1040  q.  v. 

239  ANTONIO  DOMINGUEZ.     Grant.     Santa  Fe,  August 

14,  1742. 

A  piece  of  land  on  the  other  side  of  the  river  (meaning 
the  Rio  Santa  Fe.) 

Before  Don  Caspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza,  Governor. 

240  ANTONIO  DURAN  de  ARMIJO. 

Inventory  of  the  estate  and  other  papers.  San  Geronimo 
de  Taos,  1748. 

Maria  Gertrudis  Duran  de  Armijo,  daughter  of  the 
above  and  Barbara  Montoya,  sole  legatee. 

Barbara   Montoya.      Will.      Dated    San    Geronimo    de 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     83 

Taos,  January  18,  1745.  Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Al- 
calde. 

CRISTOBAL  DE  LA  SERNA.     Grant. 

A  rancho  in  the  valley  of  Taos  formerly  held  by  Fer- 
nando de  Chaves.  Boundaries:  "por  una  parte  el  camino 
de  en  medio,  y  por  la  otra  el  Ojo  Caliente  y  por  el  oriente 
una  mono] era  antigua,  y  por  la  otra,  la  sierra.' *  Serna 
first  asked  for  this  grant  in  1710  and  it  was  made  by  the 
Marquis  de  la  Penuela.  In  1715  it  was  re-validated  by 
Mogollon,  governor,  and  possession  was  given  by  Juan  de 
la  Mora  Pineda,  alcalde.  On  November  24,  1724,  the 
grant  was  presented  by  Diego  Romero  to  General  Juan 
Paez  Hurtado,  governor  and  visitador  general,  and  by 
him  approved.  The  paper  in  this  item  is  a  testimonio, 
made  in  1743,  by  Francisco  Guerrero,  alcalde,  and  is 
witnessed  by  Juan  Domingo  Paez  Hurtado  and  Joseph  de 
Terms.  It  appears  that  the  approval  above  mentioned 
was  intended  to  vest  the  title  to  the  grant  in  the  said 
Diego  Romero,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  proceedings  had  be- 
fore the  alcalde,  Francisco  Guerrero,  in  May,  1743.  The 
words  used  in  the  approval  by  the  captain-general  are 
"Diego  Romero  vesino  de  dicho  puehlo  presento  esta 
mersed  que  vista  y  reconosida  por  mi  la  doi  por  hastante 
titulo  en  forma  por  visitador." 

ANDRES  and  FRANCISCO  ROMERO,  ANTONIO  de 

ATTENCIO  and  ANTONIO  DURAN  de  ARMIJO. 

Petition  for  partition  of  the  grant  now  called  "Rancho 
del  Rio  de  las  Trampas."  The  partition  was  made  on 
May  5,  1743,  by  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

DIEGO  ROMERO. 

Petition  to  register  a  brand,  1714,  1715.  Before  Miguel 
Thenorio  de  Alba  and  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Governor  and 
Captain-General.  Miguel  Enriquez,  Secretary  of  Gov- 
ernment and  War. 

JUAN  (A)  and  SEBASTIAN  (A)  de  la  Serna  to  Diego 

Romero.    Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  August  5, 1724. 

Conveyance  of  the  above  grant.  Before  Cristoval  Tor- 
res, Alcalde. 

ANTONIO  ATTIENSA  and  MARIA  ROMERO,  his 


84     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

wife,  to  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo.     San  Geronimo  de 

Taos,  October  29,  1726. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  405  varas  of  land  in  the  val- 
ley of  Taos.    Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

BARBARA  MONTOYA,  Intestate,  widow  of  Diego  Ro- 
mero and  afterwards  married  to  Antonio  Duran  de 
Armijo. 

Proceedings  in  the  settlement  of  her  estate.  Before 
Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Testimonio,  May  18,  1748. 
(Original.) 

Further  proceedings  were  had  in  this  matter  before 
Juan  Antonio  Ordenal,  Juez  y  Visitador,  in  the  year  1749. 

Don  Joaquin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor;  Antonio 
Martin,  Alcalde;  Phelipe  Jacobo  de  Unanues;  Juan  Gar- 
sia  de  Mora;  Gregorio  de  Gardufio;  Miguel  Thenorio  de 
Alva ;  Cristobal  Torres,  Alcalde ;  Antonio  Duran  de  Ar- 
mijo; Thomas  de  Alvear  y  Collado. 

241  JUAN  TRUXILLO  and  TOMAS  de  TAPIA  to  Juan 

Duran.     Pueblo  of  Pojoaque,  April  19,  1751. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  land.  Before  Juan  Joseph  Lo- 
vato,  Procurador  General.  Conveyance  of  146  varas  of 
land. 

242  DOMINGO    BENAVIDES    to    Antonio    Dominguez. 

Santa  Fe,  October  24,  1751. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  land.  Before  Jose  de  Busta- 
mante  Tagle,  Alcalde. 

243  CHATALINA  DURANA,  widow  of  Bartolome  Gar^ 

duno,  intestate,  Santa  Fe,  May  23,  1752. 

Inventory  of  her  estate.  Before  Jose  de  Bustamante 
Tagle,  Alcalde. 

244  MANUELA  BRITO  to  Antonio  Dominguez.      Santa 

Fe,  July  10, 1764. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  land.  Before  Francisco  Guer- 
rero, Alcalde. 

245  MARIA  de  ARCHIBEQUE,  widow  of  Francisco  Jo- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     85 

seph  de  Casados,  and  Joseph  Sanclies  to  Salvador  Du- 

ran.     Santa  Fe,  November  15,  1764. 

Conveyance  of  a  rancho  on  the  other  side  of  the  river 
(Santa  Fe).     Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

246  MANUEL  DURAN  de  ARMIJO  of  Alburquerque. 

Will,  inventory,  and  partition  of  his  estate.  1764.  Be- 
fore Baltazar  Griego,  Alcalde.  It  seems  that  this  man 
was  also  known  as  Manuel  Armijo,  Segundo. 

247  JUAN  JOSEPH  DURAN  vs.  ANTONIA  de  MEDINA, 

widow  of  Batolome  Truxillo.     Santa  Fe,  1767. 

Claims  the  interest  of  his  wife  in  the  estate  of  said 
Truxillo.  Before  Don  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  Governor 
and  Captain-General. 

BARTOLOME    TRUXILLO.     Resident    of    Chama. 
May  16,  1764. 

Will.    Executed  before  Joseph  Esquibel,  Alcalde. 

TERESA  ERRERA   (HERRERA),  resident  of  San 

Joseph  de  Chama. 

Will.  Executed  before  Francisco  Sanches,  Alcalde,  Sep- 
tember 16,  1759. 

BARTOLOME  TRUJILLO.     1752. 

Part  of  testimonio  of  grant  to  a  rancho  at  Santa  Rosa  de 
Ahiqui'U.  Before  Don  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  Governor. 
Possession  given  by  Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Alcalde.  Testi- 
monio  certified  to  by  the  Governor,  Don  Tomas  Velez 
Cachupin. 

BARTOLOME  TRUJILLO. 

Testimonio  of  petition  to  Captain-General  Don  Tomas 
Velez  Cachupin,  for  re-validation  of  grant  to  a  tract  of 
land  at  Ahiquiu  which  petition  was  granted  October  7, 
1752.     Testimonio  dated  November  7,  1766. 

ANTONIO  FELIZ  VALDES  LA  VANDERA.   Ahoga- 
do  en  las  Reales  Audiencias,  Chihuahua. 

Decision,  January  27,  1767.  Antonio  de  Beitia,  Alcalde; 
Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Alcalde ;  Phelipe  Tafoya,  Procura- 
dor  de  la   Villa  de   Santa  Fe ;   Francisco  Antonio  Zis- 


86     THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

neros ;  Juan  Domingo  Lobato ;  Geronimo  Esquibel ;  Carlos 
Fernandes;  Domingo  Labadia;  Joseph  Esquibel,  Alcalde; 
Manuel  Garzia  Pare j a,  Alcalde ;  Francisco  Guerrero,  Al- 
calde; Juan  Bautista  Vigil;  Joseph  Maldonado;  Julian 
de  Armijo;  Antonio  de  Armenta;  Mattheo  de  Peiiare- 
donda. 

248  GERTRUDES    RODRIGUEZ    to    Salvador    Duran. 

Santa  Fe,  May  8,  1768. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Don  Phelipe  Tafoya,  Al- 
calde. 

249  NICOLAS  APODACA  to  Juan  Jose  Duran.     Santa  Fe, 

April  20,  1776. 

Conveyance  of  land  in  grant  at  Pojoaque.  Before  Manuel 
Garsia  Pareja,  Alcalde. 

250  JOSE  DURAN  y  CHAVES.     Intestate.     San  Carlos 

de  Alameda.     1783. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  estate.  Before  Nerio  Antonio 
Montoya,  Alcalde.  Don  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  Gov- 
ernor ;  Francisco  Perez  Serrano ;  Vincente  Troncoso ;  Jose 
Mareelo  (also  written  Marzelo)  Gallego;  Jacinto  Gu- 
tierres. 

251  MARIA  DOMINGA  vs.  JUAN  LA  UREANO.    Natives 

of  the  Pueblo  of  Sandia. 

Inheritance.  1792.  Before  Cleto  Miera  y  Pacheco,  Al- 
calde. 

JOSE  JOAQUIN  DE  LISARRARAS  y  GAMBOA. 

Of  the  Real  Audiencia  de  Guadalajara.     Official  letter 
relating  to  a  murder  case. 

252  MANUEL  DELGADO.     Intestate. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.  Santa  Fe,  1815, 
Before  Alberto  Mainez,  Governor.  Juan  Rafael  Ortiz; 
Marcos  Delgado;  Jose  Francisco  Baca;  Fernando  Del- 
gado;  Manuel  Delgado;  Antonio  Ortiz;  Ignacio  Elias 
Gonzales. 

253  AYUNTAMIENTO  of  the  Pueblo  of  San  Lorenzo  del 

Real  de  Dolores.    February  18, 1823. 

Letter  to  the  Provincial  Deputation,  asking  information 
in  regard  to  area  of  lands. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     87 

254  AGUSTIN  DURAN,  FRANCISCO  BACA  Y  ORTIZ 

and  FRANCISCO  BACA  y  PINO. 

Petition  for  lands.  1826.  Papers  incomplete.  Teodosio 
Quintana,  Secretary  of  the  Territorial  Deputation;  Jose 
Francisco  Baca,  Alcalde ;  Antonio  Narbona,  Jefe  Politico. 

255  AGUSTIN  DURAN  and  OTHERS. 

Petition  for  lands  between  the  pueblos  of  Santo  Domingo 
and  SaJi  Felipe.     1831.     Before  the  Territorial  Deputa- 
tion.   No  final  action  taken.    Abreu,  Secretary. 
Juan    Antonio    Cabeza    de    Baca,    First  ^ 

Regidor  f  Ayuntamiento 

Jose  de  Jesus  Sanches,   Second  Regidor  /  of 

Angel    Maria    Antonio    Gonzales,    Third  V      Santa  Fe. 

Regidor  / 

Jose  Martinez  \ 

Ramon  Aragon,  First  Regidor  /  ^         .       •     . 

Antonio  Jose  Lusero,  Second  Regidorf  Ayuntamiento 

Jose  Manuel  Padilla,  Fourth  Regidor/  o  ^^7- 

Diego  Montoya,  Procurador  Sindico    \  Sandia. 

Antonio  Saenz,  Secretary  / 

Petition  by  Agustin  Duran  and  others,  for  lands 
lying  between  the  pueblos  of  Santo  Domingo  and  San 
Felipe. 

It  was  presented  to  the  Territorial  Deputation  of  New 
Mexico  on  April  14,  1831,  and  by  that  body  was  ordered 
to  be  reported  upon  by  the  constitutional  town  councils  of 
Cochiti  and  Sandia. 

The  town  council  of  the  former  place  reported  that 
there  was  no  objection  to  making  the  grant,  notwithstand- 
ing the  fact  that  the  pueblos  of  Santo  Domingo  and  San 
Felipe  had  a  "Document"  for  the  lands,  dated  in  the 
year  "sixty"  (evidently  1760).  They  say  that  the  In- 
dians had  sufficient  lands  within  their  pueblo  grants,  and 
had  not  cultivated  the  lands  for  which  the  petitioners 
were  asking. 

The  towTi  council  of  Sandia  reported,  that  in  view  of 
the  fact  that  the  Indians  had  a  very  old  "document"  by 
which  the  land  had  been  granted  to  them,  it  could  not 
see  how  they  could  be  dispossessed,  and  moreover  it  stated 
that  the  Indians  had  cultivated  some  portions  of  the 
land. 

There  is  no  evidence  either  in  this  archive  or  elsewhere 
which  shows  that  any  grant  was  made  to  the  petitioners. 

The  document  referred  to  by  the  town  councils  of  Co- 


88     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

chiti  and  Sandia  was  probably  the  grant  of  1770,  made 
by  Governor  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta  to  the  pueblos 
of  Santo  Domingo  and  San  Felipe.  This  grant  was  filed 
with  the  surveyor-general  for  New  Mexico  under  the 
act  of  July  22,  1854,  but  was  not  confirmed  by  Congress. 
The  claim,  however,  was  finally  presented  to  the  court 
of  private  land  claims,  and  by  that  court  was  confirmed 
on  December  8,  1898.  (See  Reported  No.  142,  U.  S.  Sur- 
veyor-General 's  office. ) 

256  TERRITORIAL  DEPUTATION. 

Decree  relating  to  lands.  August  9,  1827.  Location  not 
given. 

FRANCISCO  ORTIZ,  Lieutenant. 

Certificate  relating  to  titles  to  lands  in  the  Real  de  los 
Dolores.    July  3,  1839. 

257  FELIPE  SENA. 

Letter  to  the  Governor  of  the  Department.  Santa  Fe, 
July  3,  1845.    Relative  to  the  colony  at  Dona  Ana. 

258  JUAN  PAEZ  HURTADO  to  Francisca  de  Eguijossa. 

Santa  Fe,  September  7,  1713. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  land.  Before  Juan  Garsia  de 
la  Riva,  Alcalde. 

259  VENTURA  ESQUIBEL. 

Petition  for  lands.  1734.  Before  Gervasio  Cruzat  y 
Gongora,  Governor  and  Captain-General.     Refused. 

260  MARIA  ROSA  MARTIN  to  Salvador  de  Espinosa. 
Santa  Fe,  May  9,  1736. 

Conveyance  of  land  in  Chimayo.  Before  Estevan  Garsia 
de  Noriega,  Alcalde. 

261  FRANCISCO  and  JUAN  MANUEL  de  HERRERA  to 

Joseph  Esquibel.     Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  April 

14,  1751. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Al- 
calde. 

262  ANTONIA  de  la  SERNA  to  Joseph  Esquibel.     Villa 

Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  July  17, 1751. 

Donation.  House  and  lot.  Before  Juan  Joseph  Lovato, 
Alcalde. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     89 

263  JOSEFA   SENA   to   Clemente   Esquibel.     Santa  Fe, 

March  15,  1817. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Jose  Francisco  Baca,  Al- 
calde. 

264  JUAN  RAFAEL  ESQUIBEL. 

Will.    Santa  Fe,  December  21,  1819. 

265  ANTONIO  ALEJANDRO  ESQUIBEL. 

Will.    Santa  Fe,  December  21,  1820. 

266  FRANCISCO  TORRES  to  Clemente  Esquibel.     Santa 
Fe,  May  25,  1824. 

Conveyance  of  land.    Before  Jose  Ignacio  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

267  LUIS  BENAVIDES  vs.  VICENTE  BACA,  Alcalde. 

Santa  Fe,  1827. 

Complaint  in  regard  to  lands  purchased  from  Maria 
Manuela  del  Carmen  Rodriguez.  Before  Antonio  Nar- 
bona,  Governor  {Jefe  Politico). 

268  JOSE  ESTRADA. 

Grant.  Valle  de  Santa  Getrudis  de  lo  de  Mora,  October 
7,  1844.  Before  Jose  Ortiz,  Juez  de  Primera  Instancia. 
Law  of  April  30,  1842.    Articles  13  and  15  q.  v. 

269  PEDRO    BUEN-AMIGO    ESPERANZA.      Petition. 

Santa  Fe,  February  12,  1839. 

Asks  for  land  at  Shapellote  (Sapello?).  No  action  taken. 
No.  1244,  q.  v. 

270  PHELIPE  DE  ARRATIA  to  Lucas  Flores.     Santa  Fe, 

November  23, 1700. 

Conveyance  of  a  house  and  lot.  Before  Antonio  de 
Aguilera  Isasi,  Alcalde. 

271  MARTIN  FERNANDEZ. 

Petition.  Jurisdiction  of  La  Canada.  Petition  asks  for 
" sohras"  of  the  lands  of  Cristobal  de  la  Serna  and  Cris- 
toval  Tafolla,  on  the  Trampas  river.  No  date  and  no  ac- 
tion taken. 

272  ANTONIO  MONTOYA  to  Maria  Fernandez  de  la  Pe- 
drera.     Santa  Fe,  February  13,  1740. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lot.     Before  Juan  Paez  Hur- 


90     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

tado,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Antonio  Duran 
de  Armijo.    Baltazar  Montoya.    Antonio  Montoya. 

273  IGNACIO  JARAMILLO  to  Gabriel  Fragoso.     Santa 

Fe,  August  26, 1762. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lot  in  Alhurquerque.  Before 
Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde.  Lucas  Moya.  Ignacio  Jara- 
millo.     Pedro  Tafoya. 

274  MARCOS  RODRIGUEZ  to  Juan  Joseph  Fernandes  de 

Salasar  and  Juan  Antonio  Archuleta  to  the  wife  of  the 

same. 

Conveyance  and  donation  of  lands.  Saiita  Fe,  September 
28,  1752.  Before  Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde.  Juan  An- 
tonio Ortiz.     Pedro  Antonio  Tafoya. 

275  FRANCISCO  XAVIER  FRAGOSO. 

Will.  Santa  Fe,  April  24,  1766.  Before  Lieutenant  To- 
mas  Alarid  and  Ensign  Francisco  Esquibel. 

276  SALVADOR  de  SANDOVAL  to  Carlos  Fernandez. 

Santa  Fe,  August  27,  1767. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Al- 
calde. Francisco  Xavier  Fragoso.  Jose  Miguel  de  la 
Pena. 

277  NUESTRA  SENORA  de  la  LUZ  SAN  FERNANDO  y 
SAN  BLAS. 

Partition  of  lands.  1772.  By  Bernabe  Montano  y  Cuel- 
lar.  Alcalde.  By  order  of  Don  Fermin  de  Mendinueta, 
Governor  and  Captain-General.  Testimonio  certified  to 
by  the  Governor.    Atrisco  Grant,  q.  v. 

Nuestra  Sefiora  le  la  Luz  San  Fernando  y  San  Bias : 
''We,  Ensign  Ramon  Garcia  Jurado  and  Antonio,  and 
Jose  and  Bernabe  Manuel  and  Juan  Baptista  and  Pedro 
and  Ramon  Garcia  Jurado,  legitimate  sons  of  Jose  Mon- 
taiio,  all  residents  of  the  town  of  Alhurquerque,  appear 
before  your  Excellency  and  state  that  at  the  place  called 
Rio  Puerco,  there  is  some  public  land  hitherto  unsettled, 
with  little  permanent  water,  and  at  the  places  we  now 
occupy,  we  are  crowded  and  needy,  for  however  much  we 
may  labor  in  the  field  and  in  the  cultivation  of  our  lands, 
we  are  unable  to  support  ourselves  nor  always  obtain 
even  sufficient  for  our  daily  maintenance,  and  we  are 
obliged  to  go  out  among  the  nearest  Indian  pueblos  to 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     91 

work  for  them,  sometimes  weeding  their  fields,  sometimes 
bringing  firewood  from  the  mountains  for  the  small  com- 
pensation of  a  few  ears  of  corn  with  which  they  pay  for 
this  and  other  very  laborious  work.  In  consideration 
whereof  and  to  the  end  that  our  suffering  stock  may  pas- 
ture in  some  adequate  place  as  in  the  said  Rio  Fuerco, 
we  therefore  humbly  pray  that  your  excellency  be 
pleased  in  the  name  of  his  Majesty  (whom  may  God 
preserve)  to  make  us  a  grant  to  the  said  lands,  your  ex- 
cellency being  pleased  to  bear  in  mind  that  our  fathers 
and  grandfathers  have  served  his  Majesty  in  the  con- 
quest and  reconquest  of  this  province,  as  is  well  known, 
as  we  also  ourselves  have  done  since  we  have  been  of  age ; 
participating  in  all  the  expeditions  and  campaigns  that 
have  been  projected  against  the  savage  enemies,  without 
up  to  this  time  having  asked  or  having  been  given  a  piece 
of  land  and  if  we  now  ask  it  of  your  Excellency  it  is  be- 
cause necessity  compels  us,  especially  the  necessity  of 
pasturing  our  stock  this  winter,  and  on  account  of  which 
necessity  we  fear,  and  without  doubt  it  will  so  prove,  that 
there  will  be  a  great  mortality ;  and  therefore  in  order 
to  prevent  this  as  well  as  on  account  of  the  benefit  which 
will  result  from  the  increase  of  the  sacred  tithes  to  our- 
selves, the  community,  and  the  few  additional  persons 
who  may  join  us,  for  we  all  carry  with  us  arms  and  horses, 
although  up  to  this  time  there  has  been  no  instance  in 
which  the  enemy  has  come  in  by  that  route,  it  being  for 
them  very  difficult  as  they  run  great  risks  of  being  caught, 
and  the  mountains  which  they  inhabit  being  far  distant. 

"Bernabe  Manuel  Montano" 

The  decree  by  Governor  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin  gave 
authority  to  Don  Antonio  Baca,  alcalde  of  Santa  Ana, 
Zia,  and  Jemez,  to  reconnoiter  the  country  and  make  re- 
port to  him,  which  was  done,  as  appears  from  the  report 
by  the  alcalde,  November  2,  1753,  dated  at  the  pueblo  of 
Zia,  on  the  25th  day  of  November  of  the  same  year.  The 
grant  was  made  by  Governor  Cachupin  and  the  alcalde 
Antonio  Baca  instructed  to  place  them  in  possession  un- 
der the  royal  protection.  The  governor  named  the  place 
Nuestra  Senora  de  la  Luz  de  San  Fernando  y  San  Bias. 
The  governor  also  advised  the  settlers  "to  preserve  peace. 
Christian  unity  and  friendly  social  intercourse,  in  which 
matter  the  chief  Alcalde  who  now  or  may  hereafter  of- 
ficiate in  that  jurisdiction,  will  exercise  particular  vigi- 
lance and  care  and  they  are  urged  also  to  attend  Mass 


92     THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

on  the  holy  days,  taking  care  also  that  the  young  and 
the  Indians  be  taught  the  prayers  and  the  Christian  doc- 
trine, which  as  Catholics,  they  ought  to  know." 

The  settlement  was  placed  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  chief  alcalde  of  Santa  Ana,  Zia,  and  Jemez.  The 
original  settlers  as  appear  from  the  account  of  juridical 
possession,  were:  Antonio  Gurule,  his  wife  and  eighteen 
children,  including  domestics,  making  twenty;  Juan  Za- 
mora,  his  wife  and  six  children ;  Jose  Castillo  and  wife ; 
Pedro  Montaiio,  wife  and  three  children ;  Antonio  Mon- 
taiio,  wife  and  three  children ;  Agustin  Gallegos,  wife  and 
three  children ;  Feliciano  Hurtado,  wife  and  two  children ; 
Jose  Montaiio,  wife  and  three  children ;  Jose  de  Jesus 
Montano;  Bernabe  Montaiio  and  son;  Marcos  Baca,  wife 
and  six  children  and  two  servants;  Juan  Baptista  Mon- 
taiio, wife  and  three  children,  two  servants;  in  all  twelve 
families.  The  grant  was  confirmed  on  March  29,  1754, 
by  Governor  Caehupin ;  thereafter  on  the  18th  day  of 
January,  1759,  Governor  Francisco  Antonio  Marin  del 
Valle  compelled  the  settlers  to  appear  before  him  and 
obligate  themselves  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the 
original  grant,  which  they  did.  Whereupon  the  grant  was 
again  made  to  these  parties,  and  their  successors.  There- 
after in  1769,  owing  to  some  erasures  in  the  grant  papers 
made  by  Juan  Baptista  Montano,  he  w^as  reprimanded 
with  great  severity  by  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta 
for  having  tampered  with  the  document. 

Owing  to  the  constant  raids  of  the  Navajos  and  Apaches 
after  having  cultivated  the  land  for  upwards  of  twenty 
years,  the  grantees  were  compelled  to  abandon  it  and  it 
was  not  until  the  later  seventies  that  the  property  was 
again  occupied  by  the  heirs  of  the  original  grantees. 

Pedro  Baca,  a  son  of  one  of  the  original  grantees,  was 
killed  at  San  Bias  by  the  Navajos. 

278  JOSEPHA  AEMIJO  by  her  husband  Koque  Lobato 

and  Joseph  de  Dimas  to  Carlos  Fernandez.     Santa  Fe, 

August  22, 1770. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands.  Before  Phelipe  Tafoya, 
Alcalde.  Antonio  Joseph  Tafoya.  Joseph  Miguel  Ta- 
foya. 

279  JULIANA  FERNANDEZ. 

Will.  Santa  Fe,  May  21,  1785.  Before  Jose  Maldonado, 
Teniente. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     93 

280  JUAN  ANTONIO  FERNANDEZ.    Intestate. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.  Santa  Fe,  1784. 
Before  Antonio  Ortiz,  Alcalde.  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza, 
Governor  and  Captain-General.  Francisco  Perez  Ser- 
rano; Julian  de  Armijo;  Vincente  Troncoso;  Fr.  Jose  de 
Burgos;  Vincente  Armijo. 

281  DOMINGO  FERNANDEZ,  SANTIAGO  FERNAN- 
DEZ, JUAN  DE  ABREGO,  BUENAVENTURA  ES- 
QUIBEL,  SANTIAGO  RODRIGUEZ  for  themselves 
and  the  other  heirs  of  Bartolome  Fernandez. 

Petition  for  lands,  1815.  Before  Alberto  Mainez,  Gov- 
ernor. The  land  called  for  was  then  known  as  the  Eandio 
de  Cuberos  and  was  originally  granted  to  Bartolome  Fer- 
nandez and  Josef  Quintana  by  Don  Manuel  Portillo  Ur- 
risola,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  It  was  located 
between  the  pueblos  of  Santo  Domingo  and  San  Felipe. 
The  petition  was  granted  by  Governor  Maynez.  Jose 
Alejandro  Quintana  was  given  one-half  of  the  rancho  and 
according  to  this  item  sold  his  one-half  to  the  Indians  of 
San  Felipe  in  1818. 

This  is  a  lengthy  manuscript  in  regard  to  a  dispute  be- 
tween Domingo  Fernandez  et  al.  and  Jose  Alejandro 
Quintana,  in  regard  to  the  interest  claimed  by  the  latter 
in  the  Santa  Rosa  de  Cubero  Tract,  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Rio  Grande,  between  the  pueblos  of  Santo  Domingo  and 
San  Felipe.  The  dispute  arose  in  1819,  and  the  allega- 
tions of  the  contending  parties  disclose  a  pretty  full  his- 
tory of  the  grant,  which  is  said  to  have  been  made  orig- 
inally about  1761  or  1762  —  during  the  administration 
of  Governor  Manuel  Portillo  Urrisola.  It  is  not  necessary 
to  set  forth  the  details  of  the  contents  of  this  archive  281, 
as  a  complete  translation  into  English  is  on  file  in  the 
surveyor-general's  office,  in  suit  267,  in  the  former  U.  S. 
court  of  private  land  claims  records. 

The  important  feature  of  it  is  that  on  pages  34  to  37 
of  the  original  there  is  a  deed  made  by  Jose  Alejandro 
Quintana  at  Bernalillo  on  June  18,  1818,  to  the  Indians 
of  San  Felipe,  for  his  interest  (one-half)  in  this  grant. 
This  deed  shows  that  Quintana  owned  the  southern  half 
of  the  tract,  the  northern  half  belonging  to  the  heirs  of 
Bartolome  Fernandez. 

The  boundaries  of  the  grant  were  "on  the  north  by  the 
Santo  Domingo  league,  on  the  south  by  the  San  Felipe 


94     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

league,  on  the  east  by  the  Del  Norte  river;  and  on  the 
west  by  the  table-land  of  Las  Casitas,  which  they  call  that 
of  Cubero  and  Los  Apaches. 

This  grant  was  confirmed  by  the  court  of  private  land 
claims  on  December  20,  1898,  and  has  been  surveyed. 

BARTOLOME  FERNANDEZ  appears  in  the  La  Majada 
Grant,  q.  v. 

Domingo  Fernandez ;  Jose  Gutierrez,  Alcalde ;  Francisco 
Ignacio  de  Madariaga,  Asesor;  Fr.  Francisco  de  Hozio, 
Cura  of  Santa  Fe;  Jose  Petronilo  Gutierrez,  Alcalde; 
Juan  de  Abrego ;  Melgares,  Governor. 

282  DOMINGO  FERNANDEZ.     Grant. 

Reported  Claim  No.  19,  q.  v. 

283  DOMINGO  FERNANDEZ  and  OTHERS. 

Petition  for  lands  in  the  place  commonly  called  Pueblo 
de  Pecos.    1823-24. 

Before  Bartolome  Baca,  Governor  and  Jefe  Politico. 
Read  in  session  of  February  16,  1824,  of  the  Territorial 
Deputation.     Not  approved. 

Domingo  Fernandez  was  the  original  petitioner  to  the 
Spanish  government  for  the  grant  known  as  the  Eaton 
or  San  Cristobal,  situate  in  Santa  Fe  county,  N.  M.  He 
states  that  he  was  a  "son  and  descendant  of  the  con- 
querors and  pacifiers  of  this  Kingdom  of  New  Mexico." 
His  petition  for  the  grant,  which  he  registered  as  "El 
Pueblo  de  San  Cristobal,"  is  unique  in  its  phraseology 
and  recites  a  number  of  facts  of  historical  interest.  His 
petition  was  filed  with  the  governor,  April  26,  1822,  at 
which  time  he  says  "the  ruins  of  the  pueblo  may  be  seen 
and  the  walls  of  a  sacred  temple  in  a  dilapidated  condi- 
tion and  almost  entirely  razed  to  the  ground,  which  calls 
my  attention  speaking  with  ingenuity,  as  upon  seeing  that 
sacred  place  where  upon  so  many  occasions  the  sacred 
and  awful  sacrifice  of  the  mass  has  been  offered,  and  where 
the  most  august  sacrament  was  consecrated ;  considering 
that  it  is  more  than  one  hundred  years  since  the  natives 
who  inhabited  it  have  abandoned  it,  and  it  appears  that 
Divine  Omnipotence  each  day  endeavours  to  make  known 
to  us  that  it  sustains  the  foundations  of  this  holy  place, 
which  is  suffering  under  the  disgrace  of  being  a  habita- 
tion for  beasts,  a  stable  for  sheep  and  a  manger  for  cows 
and  calves,  and,  in  a  word,  a  lodging  for  brutes.  His 
Divine  Majesty  knows  that  by  the  sole  efforts  of  His 
great  power  and  inscrutable  providence  he  has  moved  my 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     95 

spirit  for  so  great  a  purpose,  and  that  it  may  not  pos- 
sibly be  thought  that  I  solicit  said  land  through  avarice, 
let  the  proof  be  made,  let  permission  be  given  to  me  to 
commence  repairing  it,  which  I  promise  to  do  as  my  cur- 
tailed means  will  allow,  and  I  will  be  careful  to  give  no- 
tice to  our  most  illustrious  bishop,  in  order  that  cere- 
monies may  be  performed  therein,  although  the  pastoral 
letter  granted  us  that  privilege,  this  being  the  principal 
object  I  have  in  view  in  my  petition." 

The  citizens  of  Santa  Fe  who  were  to  assist  Fernandez 
in  this  laudable  enterprise  and  who  were  to  receive  land 
were  of  ''good  behaviour  and  sound  habits,  according  to 
my  sound  judgment"  as  follows:  Francisco  Fernandez, 
Antonio  Sena,  Juan  de  Jesus  Rivera,  Miguel  Rivera,  Jose 
Maria  Rivera,  Ignacio  Ortega,  Jose  Ortiz,  Miguel  Lobato, 
Pablo  Ortiz,  Florentino  Ortiz,  Jose  Trugillo,  Mariano 
Baca,  Miguel  Rodriguez,  and  Jose  de  Jesus  Chaves,  each 
with  the  appellation  of  "Don." 

The  matter  was  referred  to  a  committee  by  Don  Pedro 
Armendaris,  president  of  the  illustrious  corporation  of 
Santa  Fe,  who  visited  the  locality  and  reported  that  "if 
the  petitioners  labor  with  all  such  perseverance  as  it  is 
seen  those  (the  Indians)  did,  they  will  be  rewarded  for 
their  labor  if  they  are  aided  by  God  our  father  with 
water  from  heaven  to  fill  their  tank,  as,  in  truth,  from 
the  existing  springs  they  will  reap  very  little  benefit." 
The  grant  was  made  to  Fernandez.  He  did  not  secure 
possession,  however  and  five  years  later  filed  another  peti- 
tion in  which  he  states  among  others  that  from  informa- 
tion received  from  a  native  of  Pojoaque,  named  Ramon 
(Indian),  in  the  presence  of  two  witnesses  "that  the  water 
on  the  land  is  abundant  and  that  it  is  covered  up ;  also 
that  the  ornaments  and  sacred  vessels  are  buried,  which 
he  promised  to  show  me  and  discover,  together  with  the 
water."  The  "ornaments"  referred  to  are  those  which 
were  taken  by  the  Indians  at  the  time  of  the  rebellion  in 
1680.  He  received  the  same  information  in  reference  to 
the  ornaments  from  Francisco,  the  "White-eyed,"  without 
having  been  rewarded  or  requested,  or  compelled. 

A  favorable  report  was  made  by  two  aldermen  of  the 
City  of  Santa  Fe,  July  26,  1827,  Don  Rafael  Sarracino 
and  Don  Miguel  Baca,  who  Math  the  lieutenant  of  Ga- 
listeo,  Don  Julian  Lucero,  had  reported  on  the  property 
in  1822.  On  August  21,  1827,  the  grant  was  made  to 
Domingo  Fernandez  and  thirty  men,  and  possession  was 


96     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

given  by  the  first  appointed  constitutional  alcalde,  Don 
Jose  Maria  Martinez,  who  "having  taken  Fernandez  by 
the  hand,  he  entered  and  walked  over  the  said  land,  he 
pulled  up  weeds,  and  uttered  loud  exclamations  of  joy 
and  pleasure,  scattered  hand-fulls  of  earth,  broke  off 
branches  from  the  trees  and  said  'Long  life  to  our  pres- 
ent President,  Don  Guadalupe  Victoria!  Long  life  to 
the  Mexican  Nation!'  " 

The  persons  who  had  agreed  to  participate  in  the  glor- 
ious work  outlined  by  Fernandez  in  his  several  petitions 
failed  to  appear  when  the  time  for  performance  had  ar- 
rived, in  consequence  of  which  two  years  later  Fernandez 
again  asked  the  political  chief  of  New  Mexico  for  "la 
justicia. ' ' 

On  the  same  day  the  political  chief,  Chaves,  issued  an 
order  compelling  the  "settlers"  to  comply  and  in  the  event 
of  their  failure  other  "industrious  individuals"  w^ere  to  be 
substituted. 

On  January  20,  1851,  Fernandez  sold  the  property  to 
E.  "W.  Eaton  and  A.  W.  Raynolds.  Eaton  afterwards 
acquired  the  title  of  Raynolds  under  a  sheriff's  sale  and 
by  quit-claim  from  Raynolds. 

The  property  today  belongs  to  Benjamin  F.  Pankey. 

The  grant,  as  appears  from  the  original  title  papers,  was 
made  according  to  the  provisions  of  the  royal  edict  of 
January  4,  1813,  and  also  bears  the  approval  of  the  Pro- 
vincial Deputation,  authorized  by  the  government  of 
Mexico  after  the  change  from  Spanish  sovereignty. 

284  DOMINGO  FERNANDEZ. 

Petition  for  vacant  lands  on  the  Pecos  river.  Santa  Fe, 
March,  1825.  Lands  granted  by  the  Territorial  Deputa- 
tion, but  no  possession  given.  Captain  Bartolome  Baca, 
Governor.     Vigil,  Secretary. 

285  DOMINGO  FERNANDEZ  and  OTHERS. 

Same  subject  as  ante,  No.  284.     No  final  action  taken. 

1828. 

286  DOMINGO    FERNANDEZ    and   JUAN    ANTONIO 
ARMIJO.    1828. 

In  regard  to  lands  in  '^El  Canyon."    No.  284-285,  q.  v. 

287  RAFAEL  FERNANDEZ  and  OTHERS. 

Lands  on  the  Pecos.  No.  284-5-6,  q.  v.  File  No.  71  of- 
fice of  the  Surveyor-General,  q.  v. 


^^<^M'd^7n^c£'L 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don  Juan  Domingo  de 
Bustamante,  Governor  and  Captain-General,  1722- 
1731. 


jfez.<?^o  # 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  General  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Gov- 
ernor and  Captain-General,  1701-5,  1717. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don   Gerva^-io  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor 
and  Captain-General,  1731-6. 


.^''l[)  ^  y/iU/^^ii^ .  h/ayrt/Tau/t^f^in 


Facsimile  of   Don   Caspar   Domingo   de  Men- 
(loza,  Governor  and  Captain-General,  1739-1743. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     97 

288  DOMINGO  FERNANDEZ,  et  al. 

Lands  on  the  Pecos.  No.  284-5-6  q.  v.  1829.  Terri- 
torial Deputation  refused  to  confirm. 

This  is  a  petition  from  two  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of 
Pecos  to  the  effect  that  they  had  been  robbed  of  their 
lands  five  years  before  and  asking  for  relief. 

289  MELCHORA  de  los  REYES  and  SEBASTIANA  de 
MONDRAGON  to  Francisco  Garsia.  Santa  Fe,  Octo- 
ber 2,  1700. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands.  No  signatures  to  this 
item. 

THOMAS  PALOMINO  to  Cristoval  Truxillo.     Santa 

Fe,  June  14,  1700. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Antonio  de  Aguilera  y  Isasi, 
Alcalde.  Tomas  Palomino,  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo, 
Miguel  Ladron  de  Guevarra. 

290  DIEGO  DE  VECTIA  (BEITIA)  to  Martin  Garzia.  San- 
ta Fe,  February  6,  1702. 

Conveyance  of  land.     Before  Joseph  Rodriguez,  Alcalde. 

291  MARIA  GARSIA  de  NORIEGA. 

Grant  to  a  piece  of  land  in  Saiita  Fe.  May  1,  1702.  Don 
Pedro  Rodriguez  de  Cubero,  Governor  and  Captain-Gen- 
eral. Antonio  Aguilera  Isasi,  Alcalde ;  Cristoval  de  Gon- 
gora,  Secretary  of  the  Cabildo;  Pedro  de  Morales,  Sec- 
retary of  Government  and  "War. 

292  FRANCISCO  de  la  MORA  to  DIEGO  GONZALES. 
Santa  Fe,  December  12,  before  Joseph  Rodriguez,  Al- 
calde. 

Conveyance  of  rancho  and  lands  granted  in  1699  by 
Cubero,  Governor,  to  the  grantor.  Situate  in  the  juris- 
diction of  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.  Francisco  de  la 
Mora,  Antonio  Lucero  de  Godoy,  Domingo  de  la  Barreda. 

293  TOMAS  JIRON  de  XEDA  for  himself  and  for  his  wife. 
Ana  Dominguez  and  Dimas  and  Maria  Xiron,  his  chil- 
dren, to  Isabel  Gonzales.     Santa  Fe,  December  4,  1703. 

Conveyance  of  a  rancho  which  formerly  belonged  to 
Alonzo  del  Rio.  Before  Lorenzo  de  Madrid,  Alcalde.  See 
below;  this  name  should  be  Texeda.     Cristobal  de  Gon- 


98     THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

gora,  Secretary  of  the  Cabildo ;  Juan  Manuel  Chirifios ; 
Ignaeio  de  Aragon. 

TOMAS  XIRON  de  TEXEDA  to  Juan  de  Archuleta. 

Santa  Cruz,  February  12,  1698. 

Before  Roque  Madrid,  Alcalde.  Conveyance  of  a  rancho. 
Joseph  Antonio  de  Giltomey,  Miguel  Ladron  de  Guebara. 

MANUEL  BALLEJO  to  Juan  de  Archuleta.     Santa 

Cruz,  November  11,  1697. 

Before  Miguel  Ladron  de  Guebara,  Alcalde.  Conveyance 
of  a  rancho.    Miguel  de  Quintana,  Joseph  de  Atienza. 

294  MARIA  and  JUANA  GRIEGO  vs.  DIEGO  ARIAS  de 

QUIROS.    1703. 

Suit  in  the  matter  of  a  piece  of  land  in  Santa  Fe.  Be- 
fore El  Marques  de  la  Naba  de  Brazinas.  There  are  three 
signatures  of  this  governor  in  this  archive.  Alfonzo  Rael 
de  Aguilar,  Secretary,  etc. 

This  is  the  earliest  reference  to  the  old  palace  at  Santa 
Fe  as  the  ^^Palacio  Real.^^ 

295  ANTONIO  BAS  GONZALES  vs.  DIEGO  ARIAS  de 

QUIROS.     Santa  Fe,  August  4, 1704. 

Question  of  lands.  Before  Don  Francisco  Cuerbo  y 
Valdes,  Governor  and  Captain-General  Juan  Paez  Hur- 
tado.  Alfonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar,  Secretary  of  Govern- 
ment and  of  War. 

296  PEDRO   DE  ABILA  to  Diego   Gonzales.     Santa  Fe, 

April  4,  1701. 

Conveyance  of  a  fanega  of  land  in  San  Cristobal.  Before 
Joseph  Rodriguez,  Alcalde,  Testimonio. 

297  FRANCISCO     GARSIA.       Grant.       San    Francisco 

Xavier  del  Bosque  Grande,  February  5, 1706. 

A  tract  of  land  called  a  "Joy a."  Possession  given  by 
Martin  Hurtado,  Alcalde,  in  the  name  of  the  King.  Pos- 
sibly this  tract  is  in  the  present  county  of  Rio  Arriba. 

298  DIEGO  DE  BEYTIA  to  Jose  Manuel  Giltomey.    Santa 

Fe,  April  30, 1708. 

Conveyance  of  a  lot  in  Santa  Fe.  Before  Juan  Garzia 
de  la  Rivas,  Alcalde.     Bartolome  Sanches. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO     99 

This  shows  that  the  main  street  of  Santa  Fe  was  known 
by  the  name  of  San  Francisco  in  1708. 

299  JUAN  GARCIA  de  NORIEGA. 

Grant.  A  piece  of  land  below  Santa  Fe.  Before  the 
Marques  de  la  Penuela,  Santa  Fe,  August  13,  1708.  Pos- 
session given  by  Juan  Garsia  de  la  Rivas,  Alcalde.  Cristo- 
bal de  Gongora,  Secretary  of  the  Cabildo;  Gaspar  Gu- 
tierres  de  los  Rios,  Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 

300  FRANCISCO  XAVIER  de  BENAVIDES  to  Juan  Gar- 
cia de  Noriega.     Santa  Fe,  August  20,  1711. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Alfonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar, 
Alcalde.     Miguel  de  Sandoval  Martinez. 

301  NICOLAS,  JOSEFA,  MARIA  and  PEDRO  GRIEGO 

vs.  JOSEPHA  LUXAN.     Santa  Fe,  1712. 

Question  of  lands.  Before  Alfonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar,  Al- 
calde.    Miguel  de  Sandobal  Martinez. 

302  FRANCISCO  MONTES  y  VIGIL  to  Juan  Gonzales. 

Santa  Fe,  July  18,  1712. 

Conveyance  of  a  tract  of  land  called  "Alameda"  granted 
to  the  grantor  by  the  Marques  de  la  Penuela  in  1710.  Be- 
fore Alfonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar,  Alcalde.  Francisco  Montes 
y  Vigil;  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo;  Juan  Gonzales; 
Cristobal  de  Gongora.     No.  1029. 

The  Town  of  Alameda  Grant  was  first  surveyed  in  1871 
and  had  an  area  of  more  than  106,000  acres.  The  title 
was  confirmed  by  the  court  of  private  land  claims  and 
under  a  new  survey  the  area  was  reduced  to  about  89,000 
acres.  There  is  a  conflict  with  the  grant  to  the  pueblo  of 
Sandia,  as  to  that  which  lies  east  of  the  Rio  Grande.  No 
patent  has  been  issued. 

303  JACINTO  SANCHEZ  to  Juan  Garcia  de  la  Rivas. 

Santa  Fe,  May  9, 1713. 

Conveyance  of  a  house  and  land  in  Santa  Fe.  Before  Juan 
Paez  Hurtado,  Alcalde.  Diego  Velasquez,  Antonio  Duran 
de  Armijo. 

304  JOSEPH  BLASQUEZ    (VELASQUEZ?)    to   Joseph 

Manuel  Giltomey,  Santa  Fe,  September  25,  1713. 

Conveyance  of  a  house  and  lot  in  Santa  Fe.  Before  Juan 
Garcia  de  la  Rivas,  Alcalde.     Diego  Velasquez.     The  sig- 


100   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

natures  of  this  man  in  this  item  and  that  of  No.  303  dif- 
fer materially. 

305  ANTONIO  GODINES,  of  Santa  Fe. 

Will.  April  19,  1713.  Before  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Al- 
calde.    Joseph  Maria  Giltomey,  Pedro  de  Roxas. 

306  ALEJO  GUTIERRES  and  BENTURA  de  la  CAN- 
DEL  ARIA.     Alburquerque,  August  15,  1715. 

Division  of  property.  Before  Luiz  Garcia,  Alcalde.  An- 
tonio de  Silva,  Baltazar  Romero. 

307  BALTAZAR  ROMERO  to  Alejo  Gutierrez.     Santa  Fe, 

March  11, 1715. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands  in  Alburquerque.  Before 
Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  Antonio  Albarez  Cas- 
trillon,  Joseph  Maria  Giltomey. 

308  A  TESTIMONIO  of  No.  307. 

Felipe  Tamaris.     See  No.  13. 

309  FRANCISCA  ANTONIA  de  GUEJOSA. 

Reported  Claim  No.  109,  q.  v. 

310  ANTONIO  GALLEGOS,  of  Bernalillo.  Intestate.  1715. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.  Before  Juan  Ig- 
nacio  Flores  Mogollon,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 
Roque  de  Pintto,  Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 
Diego  Montoya,  Antonio  Montoya, 

311  CRISTOVAL   TAFOYA  vs.   ISABEL   GONZALES. 

Jurisdiction  of  La  Canada.     1715. 

Suit  for  lands.  Before  Juan  Flores  Mogollon,  Governor 
and  Captain-General.  Joseph  Truxillo,  Alcalde.  Juan 
de  Atienza,  Joseph  de  Atienza.  Antonio  de  Balberde 
Cossio,  General.  Pedro  de  Villasur,  Joseph  Balentin  de 
Aganza. 

312  JACINTO  SANCHES  to  Petrona  Gomez.     Santa  Fe, 

November  9,  1716. 

Conveyance  of  lot  in  Santa  Fe.  Before  Francisco  Lorenzo 
de  Cassados,  Alcalde.     Francisco  Joseph  Cassados. 

313  JUAN  RICO  DE  BROJAS  and  MARIA  GUTIERRES 
to  Juan  Garcia  de  la  Rivas.     Santa  Fe,  July  10,  1716. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    101 

Conveyance  of  land  near  Santa  Fe.  Before  Lorenzo  de 
Cassados,  Alcalde.  Juan  Manuel  Chirinos,  Salvador 
Montoya,  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo. 

314  FRANCISCO  GARSIA. 

Before  Phelix  Martinez,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 

315  ANTONIO  GUTIERREZ. 

Grant.  Land  near  Alhurquerque.  Approved  November 
5,  1716.  By  Phelix  Martinez,  Governor  and  Captain- 
General. 

316  JUAN  GONZALES  BAS  vs.  JERONIMO  de  ORTE- 
GA.    1731. 

Question  of  lands  above  Alhurquerque.  Before  Gervasio 
Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Gas- 
par  Bitton,  Juan  Antonio  de  Vnaues. 

317  JUAN  ESTEVAN  GARZIA  vs.  JUAN  LUJAN. 

Question  of  lands  at  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.  1731. 
Before  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor  and  Cap- 
tain-General. Land  was  sold  to  Juan  Lorenzo  Valdes. 
Caspar  Bitton,  Juan  Antonio  Vnanues. 

318  This  is  a  continuation  of  the  foregoing  Item,  with  the 
same  signatures. 

319  DIEGO  GALLEGOS. 

Petition  for  lands.  September,  1731.  Before  Gervasio 
Cruzat  y  Gongora.     Not  granted. 

320  JUAN  ESTEVAN  GARZIA  de  NORIEGA. 

Grant.  Villa  de  Santa  Cruz,  1735.  A  tract  of  land 
above  the  Pueblo  Colorado.  Approved  by  Juan  Paez 
Hurtado,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Revoked  by 
Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor.  No  date.  Diego  Torres, 
Alcalde.  Miguel  Martin  Serrano,  Joseph  Terrus,  Juan 
Joseph  de  la  Serda,  Diego  de  Vgarte.  Antonio  de  Uli- 
barri,  Colindante. 

321  FRANCISCO  XAVIER  de  MIRANDA  to  Francisco 

Antonio  Gonzales,  Alhurquerque,  March  25,  1735. 

Conveyance  of  a  tract  of  land  in  Atrisco.  Before 
Geronimo  Xaramillo,  Alcalde.     Bernardo  Ballejos. 


102    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

322  MANUELA  GARCIA  de  las  RIBAS,  ISABEL  MON- 

TOYA  and  FRANCISCO  QUINTANA. 

Grant.  1735.  Tract  of  land  situate  opposite  the  old 
town  of  Abiquiu.  Approved  by  Juan  Paez  Hurtado, 
Governor,  and  possession  given  by  Juan  Estevan  Garsia 
de  Noriega,  Alcalde.  Called  in  for  record,  by  Governor 
Cruzat  y  Gongora.  No  date.  Antonio  Montoya.  Juan 
Lorenzo  Baldez,  Antonio  de  Uribarri. 

323  MANUELA  LUSERO  to  Lazaro  Garsia.     Alburquer- 

que,  April  23, 1735. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  land.  Before  Geronimo  Xara- 
millo.  Alcalde.     Francisco  Antonio  Gonzales. 

324  JUAN  ANGEL  GONZALES  and  ANTONIA  de 
CHAVES  to  Diego  Gonzales.  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Cana- 
da, May  10, 1736. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Juan  Estevan  Garsia  de 
Noriega,  Alcalde.  Miguel  de  Quinttana,  Tomas  Nuiies  de 
Aro. 

325  ANTONIO  GARSIA  and  THEODORA  GONZALES  to 

Diego  Gonzales.     Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  May  17, 

1736. 

Conveyance  of  a  tract  of  land  in  the  Canada.  Before 
Juan  Estevan  Garsia  de  Noriega,  Alcalde.  Alonso  Rael 
de  Aguilar,  Antonio  Felix  Sanchez,  Miguel  de  Quinttana. 

326  JOSEPH  GONZALES,  of  Alameda.     Intestate. 

Inventory  of  his  property.  Before  Juan  Gonzales  Bas, 
Alcalde.     1738.     Alexandro  Gonzales,  Isidro  Sanehes. 

327  JOSEPH  DE  HERRERA  to  Alonzo  Griego.     Santa  Fe, 

February  26,  1738. 

Conveyance  of  lands.  Before  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 
Juan  Manuel  Chirinos,  Joseph  Tamari  (Tamaris?). 

328  MARIA  TAFOYA  to  Lazaro  Garcia  de  Noriega.  San- 
ta Fe,  April  26, 1739. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands.  Before  Antonio  Mon- 
toya, Alcalde.     Gregorio  Garduno,  Baltazar  Montoya. 

329  JUAN  GARCIA  de  la  MORA  to  Joseph  Garcia.  Santa 
Fe,  July  27, 1739. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   103 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands.  Before  Antonio  Mon- 
toya,  Alcalde.     Gregorio  Garduiio,  Baltazar  Montoya. 

330  JOSEPH  GARSIA  to  Manuel  Sans  de  Garvisu.  Santa 

Fe,  September  26, 1739. 

House  and  lands  in  Santa  Fe.  Before  Antonio  Montoya, 
Alcalde. 

331  JOSE  GARCIA  to  Juan  Gavaldon.    Santa  Fe,  Septem- 
ber 9, 1739. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands  in  Santa  Fe.  Before  An- 
tonio Montoya,  Alcalde.  Joseph  de  Terrus,  Baltazar 
Montoya. 

332  SALVADOR  GONZALES. 

Grant.     Reported  Claim  No.  82,  q.  v. 

333  FRANCISCO  GUTIERRES  vs.  GREGORIO  de  GON- 
GORA. 

Question  as  to  land.  Before  Don  Ignacio  Codallos  y 
Rabal,  Governor  and  Captain-General,  1744.  Jurisdic- 
tion of  Bernalillo.  Francisco  de  Roa  y  Carrillo,  Fray 
Manuel  Zambrano,  Felipe  de  Silba,  Antonio  Aramburu, 
Joseph  Roma  de  Vera,  Alfonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar. 

334  FRANCISCO  de  ROA  Y  CARRILLO  to  Francisco 
Guerrero.     Santa  Fe,  July  17,  1744. 

Donation  of  half  a  mine  called  ^^Nuestra  Senora  del  Pilar 
de  Zaragoza.'^  Three  leagues  from  the  pueblo  of 
Picuries.  Antonio  de  Hulibarri,  Alcalde.  Sebastian  de 
Apodaca,  Joseph  Roma  de  Vera. 

335  JOSEPH  DE  TERRUS. 

Entry  of  a  mine.  1744.  Before  Joaquin  Codallos  y 
Rabal,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Situate  two 
leagues  from  Picuries  and  called  ^^ Santa  Rosa  de  Lima." 

JOSEPH  DE  TERRUS  to  Francisco  de  Roa  y  Carrillo 

and  Francisco  Guerrero. 

Donation  of  the  above.  Antonio  de  Hulibarri,  Alcalde. 
Francisco  de  Roa  y  Carrillo,  Sebastian  de  Apodaca, 
Joseph  de  Roma  de  Vera. 

336  HEIRS  OF  SEBASTIAN  GONZALES.     1744. 

Partition  of  lands.  The  heirs  were  the  children  of  the 
above  and  GERONIMO  de  ORTEGA,  and  were  eleven 


104   THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

in  number.  The  lands  were  near  Santa  Fe.  Partition 
made  bv  Antonio  de  Hulibarri,  Alcalde.  ANTONIO  de 
ORTEGA  for  himself  and  other  heirs  to  ROSA  de  AR- 
CHIBEQUE,  widow  of  said  GERONIMO  de  ORTEGA. 
1750.  Donation  of  a  piece  of  land.  Before  Joseph 
de  Bustamante  Tagle,  Alcalde.  In  1760  further  pro- 
ceedings were  had  in  this  matter  at  the  instance  of  the 
said  widow,  Rosa  de  Archibeque.  Lucas  Miguel  de  Moya, 
Joseph  Maldonado,  Carlos  Fernandez,  Francisco  Guer- 
rero, Alcalde,  Thoribio  Hortiz  (Ortiz),  Juan  Antonio 
Hortiz  (Ortiz),  Juan  Phelipe  Rivera,  Fray  Joseph  de 
Urquijo,  Sebastian  de  Apodaca,  Juan  Francisco  Arroniz, 
Nicolas  Rael  de  Aguilar,  Lucas  Moya,  Phelipe  Tafoya, 
Antonio  Joseph  Ortiz,  Joseph  Reaiio.  Bartolome  Marques, 
Mayor  domo  de  Fahrica.  Francisco  Antonio  Marin  del 
Valle,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Bernardo  de  Miera 
y  Pacheco.  The  last  named  came  to  New  Mexico  from 
Chihuahua  in  1744.  In  1768  together  with  Pedro  Padilla 
of  San  Andres  (jurisdiction  of  Isleta)  he  was  given  a 
grant  of  land  on  the  Rio  Puerco.  P.  L.  C.  No.  98.  Possession 
was  given  by  Captain  Francisco  Trebol  Navarro  at  the 
' '  Caiiada  de  los  Alamos. ' ' 

Sebastian  Gonzales  was  the  father  of  Sebastiana  Gon- 
zales.    The  following  is  certificate  of  his  death  and  burial : 

'^'On  the  eleventh  day  of  the  month  of  June,  seventeen 
hundred  and  twenty-six,  died  Sebastian  Gonzales,  mar- 
ried to  Luisa  Ortiz.  His  age  was  sixty  years,  he  received 
the  holy  sacraments,  and  his  body  is  interred  in  the 
Chapel  of  Our  Lady;  and  that  it  may  so  appear,  I  sign 
on  said  day,  month,  and  year.     Ut  supra. 

''Fray  Joseph  Antto.  Guerrero  [rubric]  " 

337  MARIA   GRIEGO.     Grant.     Smita  Fe,   January   16, 

1695. 

Petition  for  a  piece  of  land  a  quarter  of  a  league  from 
the  to'UTi.  Approved  by  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata 
Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 
Possession  given  on  January  26,  1698,  by  Antonio 
Aguilera  Isasi,  Alcalde. 

PEDRO  ANTONIO  TRUJILLO  AND  VALENTINA 

PACHECO.     Santa  Fe,  1745. 

Compromise  in  the  matter  of  the  disposition  of  the  es- 
tate of  the  above.  Before  Juan  Ant-onio  de  Hulibarri,  Al- 
calde. Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar,  Secretary  of  Govern- 
ment and  War.     Miguel  Tenorio  de  Alba,  Secretary  of 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    105 

Cabildo.  Antonio  Arambuni,  Joseph  Roma  de  Vera,  An- 
tonio Rodriguez,  Antonio  Felix  Sanchez,  Joaquin  Codallos 
y  Rabal,  Gregorio  Garduilo,  Francisco  Rodriguez,  Joseph 
Miguel  Garduiio. 

338  GREGORIO  GUTIERREZ,  of  Alburquerque,  vs.  MA- 
RIA SILVA,  1745. 

Petition  for  ejectment.  Before  Don  Joachin  Codallos  y 
Rabal,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Lands  in  Fuen- 
clara.  Possession  by  Joseph  Baca,  Alcalde.  Bernardo 
Ballejos,  Marcial  Rael  de  Aguilar. 

339  JUAN  MANUEL  GAVALDON. 

Will.  Santa  Fe.  July  14,  1745.  Before  Juan  Antonio 
de  Hulibarri,  Alcalde.  Antonio  Felix  Sanchez,  Gregorio 
Garduiio. 

340  LUIS  GARZIA,  oi Alburquerque.     1746. 

Petitions  that  the  lands  given  to  himself  and  his  brothers, 
Vicente  and  Alonzo,  by  Captain  General  Marques  de  la 
Penuela  be  given  to  him  alone.  Granted  by  Don  Joachin 
Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor  and  Captain-General  in  the 
same  year.  Ramon  Garzia  Jurado,  Phelipe  Jacobo  de 
Vnaues,  Phelipe  Barela,  Geronimo  Jaramillo,  Miguel  de 
Alire.  Juan  Moya,  Alcalde.  Jose  Leon  Oneto  Escobedo, 
Antonio  Gorole  (Gurule). 

341  LUIS  GARCIA,  of  San  Antonio,  Jurisdiction  of  Albur- 
querque. 

Inventory  of  estate.  Before  Bernardo  Antonio  Busta- 
mante  Tagle,  Alcalde  and  Teniente  General  este  Reino  y 
Justicia  Mayor.     Ramon  Garzia  Jurado. 

342  LUIS  GARCIA  de  NORIEGA,  of  Alburquerque.     1747. 

Proceedings  in  the  matter  of  the  partition  of  his  estate. 
Before  Don  Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor  and  Capr 
tain-General.  Will.  No.  341,  q.  v.  Joseph  Baca,  Al- 
calde, Ramon  Garzia  Jurado,  Miguel  Montoya,  Phelipe 
Romero,  Fray  Juan  Joseph  Toledo,  Miguel  de  Alire,  Ben- 
tura  Romero,  Domingo  de  Luna,  Joseph  Tenorio,  Pedro 
Romero,  Fray  Joseph  Irigoyen,  Joachin  Marin. 

343  LUIS  GARCIA. 

Proceedings  in  the  matter  of  the  settlement  of  his  estate. 
1747.  Before  Don  Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor 
and  Captain-General.     Nos.  341,  342,  414  and  1221,  q.  v. 


106   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

BARBARA  GARCIA  JURADO,  widow  of  Luis  Garcia 

de  Noriega. 

Power  of  attorney  to  her  father,  Ramon  Garcia  Jurado. 
In  the  matter  of  a  suit  brought  by  ROSALIA  GARCIA 
de  NORIEGA  against  the  estate  of  Luis  Garcia.  Testi- 
monio. 

ROSALIA  GARCIA  de  Noriega  was  the  daughter  of 
Luis  Garcia  by  his  first  wife.  Her  husband  was  Don 
Salvador  Martinez.  Joseph  Romo  de  Vera,  Ramon  Gar- 
cia Jurado,  Lucas  Miguel  de  Moya,  Felipe  Jacobo  de 
Vnanues,  Phelipe  Tafoya,  Joseph  Garsia. 

344  MARIA  de  la  CANDELARIA  GONZALES. 

"Will.  Santa  Fe,  1750.  Before  Joseph  de  Bustamante 
Tagle,  Alcalde.     Lucas  Moya,  Tomas  Casillas. 

345  ANTONIO  DOMINGUEZ  to  Phelipe  Garduno.     Santa 
Fe,  April  20,  1750. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Jose  Bustamante  Tagle,  Al- 
calde.    Joachin  Martin,  Phelipe  Tafoya. 

346  HEIRS    OF   MICAELA  BASQUEZ    (VASQUEZ?), 

widow  of  Francisco  Gonzales  de  la  Cruz.     Santa  Fe, 

April  24,  1750. 

Partition  of  estate.  By  Joseph  de  Bustamante  Tagle,  Al- 
calde.    Lucas  Miguel  de  Moya.     Phelipe  Tafoya. 

347  JUAN  ESTEVAN  GARSIA  de  NORIEGA,  by  Phelipe 

Tafoya. 

Petition  for  a  rancho  said  to  have  been  abandoned  at 
Casa  Colorada,  called  "Santa  Barbara."  Before  Don 
Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  Governor  and  Captain-General, 
1751.  Report  of  the  Alcalde,  Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  of 
statement  of  Rosalia  de  Beytia,  widow  of  Juan  Antonio 
Lujan,  as  to  the  reason  of  the  abandonment.  Juan  Do- 
mingo Lovato,  Antonio  Martin. 

348  FELIPE  NERIO  SISNEROS  to  Manuel  Gallegos.  San- 
ta Fe,  June  5,  1751. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  land.  Before  Joseph  Busta- 
mante Tagle,  Alcalde.  Torrivio  Ortiz,  Antonio  de  Huli- 
barri. 

349  ANTONIO  TAFOLIA  to  Luis  Fuera  (Grazioso).    San- 
ta Fe,  October  10, 1751. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   107 

Conveyance  of  house  and  land.  Before  Joseph  de  Busta- 
mante  Tagle,  Alcalde.     Sebastian  (Fresqui)  de  Apodaca. 

350  JOACHIN  MARTINES  to  Francisco  Garcia.     Santa 
Fe,  April  5,  1752. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands.  Before  Manuel  Galle- 
gos,  Alcalde.     Lucas  Moya,  Pedro  Tafoya. 

351  MARIA   DIECA   GARDUNO,   Intestate.     Santa  Fe, 

1752. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  her  estate.  By  Joseph  Busta- 
mante  Tagle,  Alcalde.  Juan  de  Gabaldon,  Pedro  Tafoya. 
No.  350  q.  V. 

352  JUAN  GABALDON.     Grant. 

This  grant  was  made  in  the  year  1752  to  Juan  de  Gabal- 
don by  Governor  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin.  The  petition- 
ers agreed  to  erect  a  reservoir  in  the  Tesuque  river  owing 
to  objections  made  by  the  corporal,  Juan  de  Benavides, 
who  owned  land  near  the  pueblo  of  Tesuque. 

When  this  grant  was  confirmed  by  the  court  of  private 
land  claims  and  a  new  survey  made  it  was  found  that  a 
small  conflict  with  the  grant  to  the  pueblo  of  Tesuque  was 
made. 

353  JUAN  GARSIA  de  los  REYES. 

"Will.  San  Buenaventura  de  Chimayo,  August  18,  1752. 
Before  Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Alcalde.  Nicolas  Leal, 
Salvador  Varela. 

354  MARIA  de  HERRERA,  widow  of  Antonio  Martin,  to 

Diego  Gomez.     Ojo  Caliente,  April  5, 1753. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Juan  Joseph  Lobato.  Al- 
calde.    Jose  Martin,  Bisente  Apodaca,  Francisco  Zaes. 

355  NICOLAS  GARCIA. 

Will  and  partition  of  estate,  by  Nicolas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 
Santa  Fe,  1754.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Phelipe  Romero, 
Juan  Antonio  Ortiz,  Joseph  Maldonado,  Thoribio  Ortiz, 
Joseph  Miguel  de  la  Peiia. 

356  JOSEPH  GARDUNO  to  Juan  Gallego.     Santa  Fe,  July 

23,  1755. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 
Joseph  Miguel  Gardufio,  Julian  de  Armijo. 


108    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

JUAN  TOMASA  GALLEGO  of  Corral  de  Piedra,  to 

Clemente  Esqiiibel.     January  20,  1811. 

Conveyance    of  house   and   lands.      Before   Jose   Miguel 
Tafoya,  Alcalde.     By  endorsement.     Antonio  Tafolla. 

357  LUIS  DE  ARMENTA  to  Cristobal  Gamboa.     Santa  Fe, 

June  20, 1759. 

Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Lucas  Moya,  Manuel 
Bernardo  Garvisu. 

Luis  de  Armenia  was  given  a  tract  of  land  near  the 
City  of  Santa  Fe.  The  grant  was  made  by  Governor 
Cruzat  y  Gongora.  In  the  act  of  possession  mention  is 
made  by  Antonio  de  Uribarri  of  "the  house  of  Sehastian 
de  Vargas  along  the  hill"  on  the  road  from  Santa  Fe  to 
Pecos. 

To  His  Excellency  the  Governor  and  Captain-General : 

I,  Nicolas  Armenta,  lieutenant  of  the  pueblo  of  Our 
Lady  of  Angels  of  Pecos,  before  your  excellency,  through 
the  medium  of  this  petition,  in  the  best  form  allowed  me 
by  law,  appear  and  say  that  whereas  there  exists  in  this 
superior  archive  of  the  government  a  grant  of  land  of  my 
deceased  father  (may  he  rest  in  peace),  his  name  being 
Luis  de  Armenta,  and  the  said  possession  was  given  by 
Captain  Don  Antonio  de  Ullibari,  while  he  was  alcalde 
mayor  of  this  town  of  Santa  Fe,  in  the  time  when  the 
governor  of  this  kingdom  was  Don  Gerbacio  Cruzat  y 
Gongora,  I  therefore  ask  your  excellency,  if  you  should 
find  it  just,  to  have  done  to  me  what  I  have  petitioned, 
for  which  reason  I  ask  and  pray  your  excellency  most 
submissively  to  be  pleased  to  command  and  do  as  I  have  pe- 
titioned ;  for  in  doing  so  I  shall  receive  grace  with  justice, 
which  I  ask;  and  I  swear  in  due  form  that  this  my  peti- 
tion is  not  done  in  bad  faith  in  the  necessary,  etc. 

Nicolas  Armenta  [nibric] 
Town  of  Santa  Fe,  May  26th,  1783,  received  as  present- 
ed; and  in  view  of  what  the  petitioner  asks,  I  should  and 
do  command  that  the  testimonio  which  he  prays  for  shall 
be  given  to  him,  which  is  in  the  following  tenor :  "  To  his 
excellency  the  governor  and  captain-general,  I,  Luis  de 
Armenta,  resident  of  this  town  of  Santa  Fe,  appear  be- 
fore your  excellency  in  the  best  form  allowed  me  by  law 
and  say  that  in  conformity  with  the  royal  ordinances  of 
his  majesty  I  register  a  piece  of  unoccupied  lands,  in 
which  probably  there  can  be  ploughed  two  fanegas,  lying 
on  the  left  hand  of  the  road  leading  to  the  pueblo  of 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    109 

Pecos,  and  it  adjoins  with  the  alto  of  the  arroyo  de  los 
Chamisos,  because  it  is  royal  domain  and  the  said  lands 
lying  almost  in  the  woods  (monte),  for  which  reason  until 
the  present  day  it  is  not  known  that  they  have  had  any 
owner  nor  that  any  person  who  might  have  a  right  has 
registered  them.  And  because  I  am  under  the  obligations 
of  wife  and  children,  and  I  have  no  farming  lands  for 
their  maintenance,  may  the  great  justification  of  your  ex- 
cellency be  pleased  to  make  me  a  grant  of  the  said  lands 
in  the  name  of  his  majesty  and  command  that  the  alcalde 
mayor  of  this  town  give  me  the  possession  of  the  same  and 
the  personal  use  in  the  name  of  his  majesty.  For  all  of 
which  I  ask  and  pray  of  your  excellency  to  be  pleased  to 
grant  me  the  said  lands  accordingly  and  as  I  have  asked 
for  them,  which  is  just;  and  I  swear  in  form  and  in  the 
necessary.  Luis  de  Armenta" 

''In  the  town  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  11th  day  of  the 
month  of  September,  1732,  it  having  been  seen  by  me,  the 
Colonel  Don  Gerbacio  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  governor  and 
captain-general  of  this  kingdom  of  New  Mexico  and  its 
provinces,  I  received  it  as  presented  for  what  it  may  be 
worth  in  law.  In  view  of  what  the  petitioner  asks,  I 
made  him  a  grant  in  the  name  of  his  majesty  of  one 
fanega  for  farming  at  the  place  he  cites,  without  preju- 
dice to  third  party  who  may  have  better  claim,  and  that 
he  be  placed  in  possession  in  the  land  embraced  by  the 
said  fanega  of  farming  land  by  Captain  Antonio  de  Uli- 
barri,  alcalde  mayor  of  the  said  town  who  will  place  the 
boundaries  that  belong  to  it  according  to  what  has  been 
granted.  Thus  I  provided,  ordered,  and  signed  with  the 
witnesses  of  my  attendance  for  the  lack  of  public  or  royal 
notary,  for  there  are  none  in  this  kingdom,  and  it  is  done 
upon  the  present  common  paper,  because  there  is  none  of 
the  seal  in  these  regions. 

"Don  Gervacio  Cruzat  y  Gongora 
"Att.  Witt.: 

"Gaspar  Bitton. 

"Juan  Antonio  de  Unanue. " 

"In  the  town  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  19th  day  of  the 
month  of  April,  1733,  I,  the  Captain  Antonio  de  Ulibarri, 
alcalde  mayor  and  war  captain  of  this  said  town,  in 
obedience  to  what  has  been  decreed  by  his  excellency  the 
Colonel  Don  Gervacio  Cruzat  y  Gongora  and  captain- 
general  of  this  kingdom,  I  went  upon  the  lands  asked  for 
in  his  petition  by  Luis  de  Armenta,  and  being  upon  it  I 
gave  him  the   royal  possession,   with  all  the  customary 


110   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

formalities,  fixing  to  him  for  boundaries  of  the  fanega  for 
planting  corn  by  the  road  that  leads  to  Pecos,  which  road 
starts  from  the  house  of  Sebastian  de  Vargas,  with  the 
hill  (lomas)  the  first  cross  to  another  cross  that  it  makes 
on  crossing  another  small  hill  (lomita),  and  to  its  size 
on  the  east,  where  there  are  two  other  crosses;  and  that 
it  may  so  appear,  I  signed  it  with  my  attending  witnesses 
for  the  lack  of  public  or  royal  notary,  for  there  are  none 
in  this  kingdom.  Antonio  de  Ullibari 

"Judge  Commissioner. 
"Wit: 

"DiMAS  GiRON. 
"PlIELIPE    TaMARIS." 

"And  for  the  effect  that  may  be  proper,  I  certify  that 
it  is  the  same  to  be  found  in  the  book  of  government 
which  he  cites,  which  I  authorize  and  sign,  I,  the  under- 
signed colonel  of  cavalry,  political  and  military  governor 
of  this  province,  with  the  witnesses  of  my  attendance  for 
the  lack  of  public  or  royal  notary,  for  there  are  none  in 
all  this  government;  to  which  I  certify. 

"Juan  Bautista  de  Anza  [rubric] 
"Att.  witt: 

"VizTE.  Troncoso. 

"Franco.  Perez  Serrano." 

358  JUAN  GALLEGOS. 

Will  and  partition  of  his  property.  1760.  Before  Fran- 
cisco Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

The  will  bears  the  signature  of  Fray  Juan  Joseph  To- 
ledo, and  is  dated  at  Tome,  November,  1760.  Bartolome 
Frnz.  (Fernandez)  ;  Maria  Butierrez  (Gutierrez)  ;  An- 
tonio Lucero,  el  Soldado. 

In  the  papers  in  the  Ojo  de  San  Miguel  Tract  the  petition 
of  Don  Bartolome  Fernandez  recites : 

"I,  Bartolome  Fernandez  de  la  Pedrera,  brevet  ensign 
of  this  royal  garrison  of  the  Villa  de  Santa  Fe,  appear 
before  your  excellency  and  state,  sir,  in  consideration  of 
the  many  and  great  services  that  my  deceased  grand- 
father. Captain  Martin  Hurtado,  founder  of  the  Villa  of 
Alburquerque,  and  ensign  of  the  line  of  this  said  garrison, 
pacificator  of  this  province,  rendered,  and  also  those  ren- 
dered by  my  deceased  father,  also  pacificator  and  ensign 
of  the  line  in  the  mounted  company  of  the  royal  garrison 
of  El  Paso,  as  well  as  those  rendered  by  my  brother,  who 
served  his  majesty  and  in  whose  service  he  died,  and  as 
well  as  those  rendered  by  myself,  I  have  registered  and 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    111 

apply  for  a  tract  of  vacant  and  unsettled  land  upon  the 
water  shed  of  the  Navajo  province." 

The  tract  was  called  the  Ojo  de  San  Mi^el  and  was 
granted  to  him  by  Governor  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Men- 
dinueta  in  September,  1767. 

In  1873,  Don  Lorenzo  Baca,  ninety-seven  years  of  age, 
a  resident  of  Taos,  says  that  Bartolome  Fernandez  de  la 
Pedrera  was  his  great-grandfather  on  the  maternal  side ; 
that  his  grandfather  was  Juan  Antonio  Fernandez,  his 
father's  name  was  Jose  Baca,  and  his  mother's  Maria 
Rosa  de  Fernandez,  the  daughter  of  Don  Juan  Antonio 
Fernandez;  that,  when  a  young  boy  he  had  herded  sheep 
and  cattle  upon  this  tract  which  was  west  of  the  Puerco 
river,  Chaco  Mesa.  He  states  that  they  had  to  leave  on 
account  of  the  hostilities  of  the  Navajos  except  when  the 
Indians  became  quiet,  coming  to  Santa  Fe  and  receiving 
presents  from  the  king. 

359  MANUEL  GARCIA  PARE  JAS,  of  Rio  Arriba. 

Will.  April  15,  1763.  Before  Carlos  Fernandez,  Al- 
calde. Joachin  Garzia  de  Noriega ;  Antonio  Joseph  Garcia 
de  la  Mora. 

360  LEONARDO   GONZALES  to   Rosalia   Gonzales,   his 
daughter.     Donation. 

House  and  land  in  Santa  Fe.  September  10,  1764.  Vin- 
cente  Armijo;  Lucas  Moya. 

361  JUAN  ALONZO  MONDRAGON  to  Francisco  Gonzales. 

Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  November  13, 1764. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands.  Before  Joseph  Esquibel, 
Alcalde.    Juan  Luis  Cano  Saenz;  Joseph  Antonio  Lopez. 

362  JOSEPH  MARCELO  GALLEGOS  vs.  PEDRO  ITUR- 

RIETA,  of  Belen.     1765. 

Question  of  lands.  Before  Don  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin, 
Governor  and  Captain-General.     No  final  decision. 

Ignacio  Cornelio  Figueroa ;  Isidro  Trujillo ;  Carlos  Fer- 
nandez ;  Juan  de  la  Cruz  Holguin ;  Juan  Francisco  Baca ; 
Santiago  Truiyo;  Santiago  Trugiyo;  Joseph  Maldonado; 
Miguel  Lusero;  Toribio  Garzia  Jurado;  Juan  Manuel 
Padia. 

363  MANUEL  GALLEGOS,  of  Santa  Fe.     Intestate. 

Inventory  of  his  estate.     1765.     Before  Nicolas  Ortiz,  Lieu- 


112    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

tenant-Governor.  Joseph  Miguel  Garduiio;  Bernardo  de 
Zena  ;  Pedro  Tafoya  ;  Fray  Andres  Garcia. 

364:  BERNARDO  de  BUSTAMANTE  to  Juan  Francisco 
Gonzales.  Santa  Fe,  May  2,  1767.  Before  Francisco 
Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

Conveyance  of  lands.  Juan  Estevan  Baca;  Juan  Fran- 
cisco Nino  Ladron  de  Guevara. 

365  ANTONIA  DURAN  de  CHAVES  and  AGUSTINA, 
FRANCISCA  and  VICENTE,  her  grand-children  to  Pe- 
dro Antonio  Gonzales.     Santa  Fe,  November  28,  1767. 

Conveyance  of  lands.  Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Al- 
calde. IMiguel  de  Alire;  Jose  Miguel  Tafoya;  Lucas 
Moya. 

366  RAMON  GARCIA.     Santa  Fe,  June  14,  1768. 

Will.  Before  Thomas  Madrid,  Lieutenant.  Joseph  Mal- 
donado ;  Juan  Antonio  Alari. 

367  VICENTE  ARMIJO,  of  Alburquerque,  and  MARIA 

JOSEPHA  LOPEZ,  of  Santa  Fe,  to  Francisco  Garcia. 

Santa  Fe,  April  18,  1769. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Phelipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde. 
Joachin  Lain;  Joseph  Miguel  Tafoya. 

368  CRISTOBAL  GALLEGO,  Minor  Heirs  of,  vs.  JUAN 

ROQUE  GALLEGO.     Question  of  lands. 

Before  Francisco  Trebol  Navarro,  Alcalde.  Lands  situ- 
ate at  Bernalillo.  Judgment  versus  the  Plaintiffs  by  Don 
Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta,  Governor  and  Captain- 
General,  July  24,  1770.  Manuel  Zainz  Garvisu;  Joseph 
Ibanez  Corvera;  Antonio  Baca;  ]\Iattheo  de  Penarre- 
donda. 

369  MANUEL    MARTIN   to    Salvador   Garcia.     Nuestra 

Senora  de  la  Soledad,  August  6, 1763. 

Conveyance  of  lands.  Before  Carlos  Fernandez,  Alcalde. 
Copy.  Certified  by  Jose  Manuel  Martinez,  Secretary.  No 
date. 

370  VICENTE  de  SENA  to  Maria  Antonia  Gabaldon,  alias 

La  Lusera.     Santa  Fe,  November  2,  1768. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands.  Before  Phelipe  Tafoya, 
Alcalde.     Auacleto  Miera;  Joseph  Miguel  Tafoya. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    113 

371  CLEMENTE  GUTIERREZ. 

Inventory  of  his  estate.  1785.  Partition  of  the  same. 
Before  Don  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  Governor. 

Pajarito  Grant,  Reported  No.  157,  q.  v. 

Joseph  Mariano  de  la  Peiia ;  Francisco  Perez  Serrano ; 
Antonio  Villegas  Ruiz ;  Vincente  Troncoso ;  Cristobal  Lar- 
raiiaga;  Lorenzo  Gutierrez;  Francisco  Antonio  Garcia; 
Manuel  de  Arteaga ;  Antonio  Baca ;  Manuel  Alari. 

Will  of  Clemente  Gutierres  made  by  his  attorney,  Josef 
Mariano  de  la  Pena,  his  son-in-law.  Pajarito,  ]\Iay  20, 
1785. 

372  JOSE  ANTONIO  GRIEGO. 

Will  and  partition  of  his  estate.  1785.  Before  Don  Juan 
Bautista  de  Anza,  Governor.  Property  located  in  Santa 
Fe.  Jose  Maldonado;  Jose  Miguel  de  la  Pena;  Juan  de 
Dios  Pena ;  Bernardo  Bustamante ;  Juan  Miguel  Garduiio. 

373  EDUARDA   RITA   GARDUNO.     Santa  Fe,   May   5, 
1785. 

Before  Jose  Maldonado,  Lieutenant.  Diego  Antonio  de 
la  Pena ;  Juan  Miguel  Trugillo. 

374  FERNANDO  de  la  CONCHA  to  Josefa  Griego.     Do- 
nation.    Santa  Fe,  September  20,  1791. 

House  in  Santa  Fe.  Before  Antonio  Josef  Ortiz,  Al- 
calde. Maria  de  los  Dolores  Montoya;  Josef  Garcia 
Griego ;  Don  Fernando  de  la  Concha,  Governor  and  Cap- 
tain-General;  Manuel  Delgado,  Captain;  Vincente  Tron- 
coso, Lieutenant;  Pablo  Sandoval;  Fray  Francisco  de 
Hosio  (Ocio)  ;  Juan  Ortiz,  Lieutenant;  Joseph  Rafael 
Sarracino,  Postmaster. 

375  FRANCISCO  and  ANTONIO  GARCIA. 

Grant.    Year  1798.    Reported  Claim  No.  25. 

376  MIGUEL  GALLEGO.     Santa  Fe,  1799. 

Settlement  of  his  estate.  Before  Antonio  Arze.  Jose 
Campo ;  Fray  Francisco  de  Hosio ;  Francisco  Montoya ; 
Jose  Campo  Redondo ;  Juan  de  Dios  Pena ; ;  Martin  de 
Irigoyen ;  Santiago  Silva ;  Jesus  Lusero ;  Juan  de  Abrego. 

377  JULIAN  BEJIL  (VIGIL)  to  Juan  Cristobal  Garcia. 

Alameda,  April  20, 1806. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands.  Before  Don  Cleto  Miera 
y  Pacheeo,  Alcalde.    Jose  Gutierrez;  Mariano  Perea. 


114   THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

378  JOSE  GARCIA  de  la  Moea. 

Grant.  1807.  File  No.  783,  Vallecito  Grant.  Surveyor- 
General's  office. 

Vallecito  was  settled  in  1824  with  fifty-two  settlers.  The 
place  is  about  twenty-five  miles  from  Abiquiu.  The  place 
was  abandoned  in  1844  owing  to  the  war  with  the  Utes ;  the 
settlers  returned  in  1846.  General  Jose  Maria  Chaves 
was  an  officer  in  this  campaign  against  the  Utes.  He  had 
been  a  lieutenant  under  the  Spanish  government;  under 
the  Mexican  government  he  was  made  a  captain  of  a 
squadron  of  militia,  auxilliary  to  the  regular  garrison, 
and  was  also  military  inspector  of  the  frontier  district  of 
Abiquiu,  El  Rito,  and  Ojo  Caliente.  He  frequently  com- 
manded the  Mexican  military  forces  in  campaigns  against 
the  Utes  and  Navajos.  Under  the  American  government 
he  was  prefect  of  Rio  Arriba  three  times  and  during  the 
Civil  War  and  afterward  was  brigadier  general  of  militia 
of  the  district  of  northern  New  Mexico ;  he  was  seven  times 
a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legislature ;  during  the  Mex- 
ican regime  he  was  alcalde  for  the  district  of  Abiquiu,  a 
judicial  position  about  equal  to  a  county  judge. 

General  Chavez  was  born  in  New  Mexico,  September 
25,  1801,  and  with  his  parents  removed  to  Abiquiu  when 
he  was  three  years  of  age.  He  died  at  the  age  of  101 
years. 

379  ANTONIO  GARCIA  vs.  BARBARA  BERNAL. 

Letter  of  Cleto  Miera  y  Pacheco,  Alcalde,  November  2, 
1808.  Addressed  to  Don  Jose  Manrique,  Acting  Gov- 
ernor. 

380  VALLECTIO  de  XEMES. 

Grant.  Question  of  boundaries.  Before  Don  Jose  Man- 
rique, Governor.  1808.  Ignacio  Sanchez  Vergara,  Al- 
calde; Josef  Tapia,  Juez  Commissionado ;  Thorivio  Gon- 
zales; Miguel  Montoya;  Pablo  Montoya. 

Town  of  Vallecito  or  Santo  Toribio  de  Jemez  Grant. 

This  claim  was  rejected  by  the  court  of  private  land 
claims.  It  was  supposed  to  lie  just  north  of  the  grant  to 
the  pueblo  of  Jemez. 

381  LUCIANO  GARCIA  vs.  ESTATE  OF  ANACLETO 

MIERA.     1815. 

Before  Maynez,  Governor.  For  the  recovery  of  purchase 
money  of  a  house  in  San  Jose  de  las  Huertas.   Bernalillo 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    115 

county.  Juan  Jose  Gutierres,  Alcalde ;  Josef  Mariano  de 
la  Peiia,  Alcalde ;  Jose  Marcos  Baca. 

382  XAVIER  GARCIA,  et  al. 

The  Socorro  Tract.    Reported  Claim  No.  107. 

The  present  city  of  Socorro  is  built  upon  the  site  of  a 
Piro  pueblo,  named  Pil-a-bo.  The  Franciscan  mission  was 
founded  there  in  1626 ;  had  a  church  and  a  convent,  which 
was  dedicated  to  the  ' '  Virgen  del  Socorro ' '  —  Virgin  of 
Relief.  The  pueblo  and  all  were  abandoned  in  1680,  the 
greater  portion  of  the  people  following  the  Spaniards  to 
Paso  del  Norte.  The  dedication  to  the  Virgin  of  Relief 
was  made  in  honor  of  Juan  de  Oiiate,  who  secured  large 
quantities  of  provisions  from  the  pueblo  of  Teypama,  just 
across  the  Rio  Grande  from  this  point.  The  church  was 
still  standing  in  1692,  when  De  Vargas  came  up  the  val- 
ley ;  the  roof  had  been  burned.  See  Esealante  —  Relacion, 
p.  137.  In  1725  the  ruins  of  the  pueblo  could  be  plainly 
seen.     Rivera,  Diario  y  Derrotero. 

There  are  a  great  many  ruins  of  ancient  pueblos  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  present  town  of  Socorro.  There  is  a  ruin 
at  El  Barro,  three  miles  north  of  the  town,  and  also  at 
the  Hot  Springs,  close  to  the  mountain,  three  miles  west. 
Those  at  the  Hot  Springs  are  almost  obliterated;  they 
stand  on  two  bare  promontories  or  small  knolls,  separated 
by  an  arroyo  or  gulch.  There  is  to  be  found  opposite  to 
the  promontory  of  El  Barro,  in  the  Arroyo  de  la  Parida, 
the  ruin  of  a  large  pueblo,  which  consisted  of  at  least 
three  edifices.  This  pueblo  was  built  of  adobe  and  in  all 
probability  was  two  or  three  stories  in  height. 

This  grant  was  claimed  to  contain  843,259  acres  and 
was  filed  with  the  court  of  private  land  claims  by  Eu- 
timio  Montoya,  of  San  Antonio,  New  Mexico.  The  claim 
was  rejected  by  the  court. 

383  MARIA  VICTORIA  GUTIERREZ  vs.  PEDRO  MI- 
GUEL GUTIERREZ.     1820. 

Before  Faeundo  Melgares,  Governor.  Question  of  lands. 
Bernalillo  county.  Jose  Francisco  Ortiz,  Alcalde;  Pedro 
Miguel  Gutierrez ;  Santiago  Moya ;  Juan  Isidro  Gutierrez ; 
Pedro  Armendariz ;  Pedro  Bautista  Pino ;  Jose  Petronilo 
Gutierrez;  Joaquin  de  Luna;  Jose  Gutierres;  Pedro  Jose 
Perea. 

Controversy  between  Maria  Victoria  Gutierrez  and  her 
brother,  Pedro  Miguel  Gutierrez,  in  regard  to  the  owner- 


116   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

ship  of  a  ranch,  the  location  of  which  is  not  accurately 
stated,  but  which  apparently  was  at  or  near  the  place 
called  Angostura,  some  miles  north  of  the  town  of  Berna- 
lillo, and  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  junction  of  the  Santa 
Ana  (or  Jemez)  river  with  the  Rio  Grande. 

In  connection  with  this  controversy  one  of  the  parties 
thereto  filed  a  certified  copy  of  a  number  of  documents, 
which  might  possibly  at  some  time  be  useful  to  the  In- 
dians of  Santa  Ana  or  San  Felipe  —  probably  the  former. 

This  certified  copy  begins  on  p.  1,  of  leaf  22,  and  ends 
on  p.  1,  of  leaf  27.  It  is  authenticated  by  Facundo  Mel- 
gares,  then  governor  of  New  Mexico,  on  May  13,  1820, 
and  includes  the  following  documents : 

(1)  Deed  of  August  4,  1790,  by  Juan  Candelaria,  a 
San  Felipe  Indian,  to  Jose  Miguel  Garcia,  a  Spanish  citi- 
zen of  Bernalillo,  for  a  piece  of  land  at  Angostura,  ac- 
quired by  purchase  by  Candelaria.  The  consideration  was 
sixty  pesos.  The  extent  of  the  land  from  east  to  west  was 
eighty-seven  and  three-fourths  varas,  bounded  "on  the 
north  by  the  embankment  of  the  Santa  Ana  irrigating 
ditch,  and  on  the  south  by  the  edge  of  the  old  river." 

(2)  Statement  of  August  13,  1819,  by  Jose  Mariano  de 
la  Pefia,  chief  alcalde  of  Alburquerque,  to  the  effect  that 
while  acting  under  commission  from  Governor  Facundo 
Melgares,  in  carrying  out  the  orders  of  the  royal  audien- 
cia  of  the  district  dated  March  27,  1818,  the  party  named 
in  the  preceding  writing  (la  antecedente  escritura)  having 
appeared  before  him,  ''his  sale  and  the  fourth  part  of  his 
purchase"  (whatever  that  may  mean)  were  restored  to 
him. 

The  language  used  in  the  original  is  somewhat  vague, 
and  the  explanation  of  the  reason  for  returning  the  land 
to  the  party  is  not  so  clear  that  I  may  not  be  in  error  in 
my  interpretation  of  it,  but,  without  giving  to  it  more 
critical  study  than  its  apparently  slight  importance  seems 
to  justify  at  present,  I  understand  it  to  mean  this: — 
That  the  land  which  had  been  sold  subsequently  was  dis- 
covered to  be  a  part  of  land  which  the  puehlo  of  San  Fe- 
lipe was  compelled  to  surrender  to  the  puehlo  of  Santa 
Ana  in  obedience  to  a  decision  of  the  royal  audiencia,  and 
that  the  former  puehlo  then  returned  to  the  vendor  cer- 
tain lands  of  equal  area  which  formed  a  part  of  certain 
lands  which  it  owned  by  purchase  at  Algodones. 

The  San  Felipe  people  were  to  recognize  as  their  bound- 
ary the  old  edge  of  the  river,  which  boundary  they  had 
disputed  with  those  of  Santa  Ana. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    117 

It  is  further  stated  that  ''this  document"  is  to  remain 
in  full  force  and  effect  as  a  purchase  from  the  community 
of  San  Felipe. 

Among  the  signers  of  this  statement  was  Ignacio  Maria 
Sanchez  Vergara,  the  protector  of  the  Indians. 

(3)  Deed  made  at  San  Jose  de  las  Huertas,  on  No- 
vember 2,  1801,  by  Candelaria,  a  native  of  the  pueblo  of 
San  Felipe,  to  Jose  Garcia  de  Noriega,  for  a  piece  of  land 
230  varas  long,  and  71  varas  wide,  had  by  purchase  by 
said  Candelaria  at  Angostura. 

The  boundaries  are  stated  to  be,  "on  the  north  by  the 
vendor  himself,  and  on  the  south  by  the  land  of  the  pur- 
chaser himself,  and  on  the  east  it  is  bounded  by  lands  of 
Bautista,  and  on  the  west  it  is  bounded  by  lands  of  Mig- 
uelito." 

(4)  Deed  made  at  San  Jose  de  las  Huertas,  on  Novem- 
ber 10,  1801,  by  Juan  Rosalia,  a  native  of  the  puehlo  of 
San  Felipe,  to  Jose  Garcia  de  Noriega,  for  a  piece  of  land 
acquired  by  purchase  by  said  Juan  Rosalia  at  Angostura. 

The  boundaries  are,  "on  the  north  by  lands  of  Cande- 
laria, on  the  south  by  lands  of  Bautista,  on  the  east  it  is 
bounded  by  lands  of  Perucho,  on  the  west  by  lands  of 
Bautista,"  and  its  extent  is  stated  to  be  350  varas  by  37 
varas. 

(5)  Statement  by  Jose  Mariano  de  la  Peila,  dated 
August  13,  1819,  to  the  effect  that  while  acting  under 
commission  from  Governor  Facundo  Melgares,  in  carry- 
ing out  the  orders  of  the  royal  audiencia  of  the  district, 
dated  March  27,  1818,  the  party  named  in  the  preceding 
writing  having  appeared  before  him  "his  sale"  etc.,  was 
restored  to  him. 

The  reasons  given  for  this  action  are  the  same  as  those 
set  forth  in  the  document  designated  as  (2)  herein,  and 
it  is  stated  that  this  present  document  is  signed  by  Ig- 
nacio Maria  Sanchez  Vergara,  the  protector  of  the  In- 
dians. 

(6)  Deed  made  at  San  Jose  de  las  Huertas,  on  Sep- 
tember 10,  1803,  by  Candelaria,  a  native  of  the  puehlo  of 
San  Felipe,  to  Jose  Garcia  de  Noriega,  for  a  piece  of  land 
703  varas  long,  by  203  varas  wide,  at  Angostura. 

In  recording  the  boundaries  of  the  land  no  mention  is 
made  of  an  eastern  boundary,  and  one  word  which  has 
been  changed,  another  which  is  probably  erroneous,  and 
an  omission  of  one  or  more  words  in  another  place,  render 
the  boundaries  extremely  doubtful.     It  is  impossible  to 


118    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

make  a  satisfactory  translation  of  them.     The  following 
will  give  some  idea  of  the  condition  of  the  original : 

"And  its  boundaries  are  on  the  north  it  is  bounded  by 
the  same  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of  Santo  domino  (Do- 
mingo?) and  on  the  south  it  is  bounded  by  house  (this 
word  casa  has  been  altered  from  something  else)  lands  of 
the  said  pueblo,  and  on  the  west  it  is  bounded  by  the 
(some  word  or  words  probably  omitted  here)  probios  (no 
such  word  in  Spanish)  Indians. 

(7)  Deed  made  at  Bernalillo  on  December  4,  1815,  by 
Jose  Riailo,  a  native  of  the  pueblo  of  San  Felipe,  to  Jose 
Miguel  Garcia,  for  a  piece  of  land  at  Angostura,  which 
is  323  and  two  and  one  half  fourth  varas  long,  and  94 
and  one  and  one  half  fourths  varas  wide. 

The  boundaries  were,  "on  the  north  by  lands  of  the 
pueblo  of  San  Felipe,  on  the  south  by  lands  of  the  same 
pueblo,  on  the  east  by  lands  of  the  purchaser  himself, 
and  on  the  west  by  lands  also  of  the  same  pueblo." 

The  statement  is  made  that  the  land  was  sold  by  the 
consent  of  the  whole  pueblo. 

(8)  Statement  by  Jose  Mariano  de  la  Peiia,  chief  al- 
calde of  Alburquerque,  dated  August  13,  1819,  to  the  ef- 
fect that  while  acting  under  commission  from  Governor 
Facundo  Melgares,  in  carrying  out  the  orders  of  the  royal 
audiencia  of  the  district,  dated  March  27,  1818,  the  party 
named  in  the  preceding  writing  having  appeared  before 
him  "his  sale,"  etc.,  was  returned  to  him. 

The  reasons  given  for  this  action  are  the  same  as  those 
set  forth  in  the  document  designated  as  (2)  herein,  and 
it  is  stated  that  this  present  document  is  signed  by  Ig- 
nacio  Maria  Sanchez  Vergara,  the  protector  of  Indians. 

The  above  statement  is  made  by  W.  M.  Tipton. 

384  TORIBIO  GURULE  vs.  CRISTOBAL  GONZALES. 

Question  of  lands.  County  of  Bernalillo.  1821.  Before 
Don  Facundo  Melgares,  Governor.  Jose  Miguel  Aragon, 
Alcalde;  Feliz  Pino;  Manuel  Trujillo;  Antonio  Trujillo; 
Gregorio  Ortiz;  Tomas  Antonio  Bercera;  Antonio  Ruiz; 
Juan  Luiz  Trujillo;  Vincente  Ferrer  Duran;  Antonio 
Armijo. 

385  JUAN  GARCIA.    Petition.     1821. 

Before  Don  Facundo  Melgares,  Governor.  Lands  in  San 
Antonio  de  Carnue.    Not  granted. 

386  TOMAS  ANTONIO  GALLEGOS  vs.  PEDRO  GALLE- 
GOS.     1822. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    119 

Before  Armendariz,  Alcalde.  Question  of  inheritance. 
Plaintiff  claims  lands.  Baltazar  Perea,  Alcalde;  Marcial 
Torres;  Jose  Maria  Gutierrez;  Francisco  Trujillo;  Pedro 
Bautista  Pino. 

387  FRANCISCO  GARCIA ;  DOMINGO  GALLEGO,  Pri- 
mero;  FRANCISCO  JURADO;  PASCUAL  ARCHU- 
LETA; CRISTOBAL  MARTIN;  FRANCISCO  GAL- 
LEGO; ANTONIO  JOSE  GARCIA;  JULIAN  GAL- 
LEGO; TOMAS  MESTAS;  MANUEL  GALLEGO; 
RAMO  GALLEGO;  JUAN  MADRIL;  SALVADOR 
XARAMIO;  MARCIAL  ARCHULETA;  DOMINGO 
GALLEGO,  Segundo. 

Petition  for  lands.  Year  1824.  Before  Don  Bartolome 
Baca,  Governor.  Petition  granted  and  petitioners  put  in 
possession  of  lands  at  Canones  de  Reafio  by  Francisco 
Truxillo,  Alcalde.    Rio  Arriha  county. 

Colonel  Bartolome  Baca,  at  one  time  governor  or  po- 
litical chief  of  New  Mexico,  and  Don  Antonio  Jose  Otero, 
appointed  circuit  judge  by  General  S.  W.  Kearny^  were 
among  the  first  owners  and  settlers  of  the  place  known 
as  Manzano,  of  which  there  were  in  all  one  hundred  and 
sixty;  the  petition  for  the  lands  taken  up  by  these  was 
presented  to  the  corporation  or  ayuntamiento  of  Tome, 
September  22,  1829,  and  it  is  rather  remarkable  that  no 
reference  is  made  in  any  of  the  papers  to  the  existence 
of  the  celebrated  apple  trees  of  that  place.  The  petition 
recites  that  "not  having  the  deed  of  possession  to  the 
said  town  in  which  they  have  settled,  and  the  site  of  said 
town  being  known  to  be  owned  by  no  one,  we  request  your 
excellency  to  be  pleased  to  grant  us  the  possession  thereof, 
giving  us  the  land  which  we  are  now  occupying;  giving 
us  as  boundaries  from  north  to  south,  from  Torreon  to  the 
old  Mission  of  Abo,  and  from  east  to  west,  from  the  Mesa 
de  los  Jumanos  to  the  mountain ;  all  of  which  is  to  be  for 
pasture  grounds  and  other  common  purposes,  cross  roads 
and  other  uses  necesary  for  every  town  established  upon 
all  the  solid  basis  of  common  and  private  property  and 
inhabited  by  the  same ;  requesting  further,  as  a  condition 
for  any  of  the  above  mentioned  individuals,  or  any  others 
to  be  admitted  in  the  future  without  injury  to  the  former, 
to  the  new  town  of  Manzano,  to  acquire  legal  property 
therein,  that  he  shall  construct  a  regular  terraced  house 
of  adobe  in  the  plaza  where  the  chapel  is  to  be  constructed, 
(for  which  permission  has  been  granted  us),  and  he  shall 


120   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

bring  with  him  his  property  of  every  description,  eon- 
tribute  to  all  community  labor,  procure  the  increase  and 
prosperity  of  the  town,  defending  with  arms  the  firesides 
of  his  town  to  the  fullest  extent  against  any  domestic  or 
foreign  enemy;  and  finally,  that  the  person  who  will  not 
reside  in  said  town  with  the  family  belonging  to  him,  and 
who  shall  remove  to  another  settlement,  shall  lose  all  right 
he  may  have  acquired  to  his  property. 

' '  Tome,  September  22,  1829.     Jose  Manuel  Trujillo.  ' ' 

This  petition  was  referred  to  the  Territorial  Deputa- 
tion by  the  president  of  the  ayuntamiento,  Don  Jacinto 
Sanchez,  with  the  statement  that  "the  only  objection 
found  being  in  regard  to  the  arable  land  therein  situated 
belonging  to  the  retired  Lieutenant-Colonel  Bartolome 
Baca,  who  will  be  satisfied  with  the  land  which,  as  a  new 
settler,  he  may  acquire,  together  with  that  which  he  has 
purchased  from  other  settlers,  promising  that  although  he 
will  not  establish  his  residence  there,  he  will  cultivate  and 
improve  the  lands  which  may  be  recognized  as  his." 

A  "league"  of  land  in  each  direction  was  granted  by 
the  Territorial  Deputation,  of  which  Jose  Antonio  Chavez 
was  president,  and  Roman  Abreu,  secretary;  when  pos- 
session was  given,  the  center  was  named  as  being  at  ^'El 
Alto  del  Pino  de  la  Virgen,"  which  was  situate  in  the 
middle  of  the  cultivated  fields. 

388  JOSE  MARIA  GALLEGO. 

Petition  for  lands  "sohrantes"  of  the  Pecos.  1825.  Be- 
fore Bartolome  Baca,  Governor.  J.  B.  Vigil,  Secretary, 
of  Territorial  Deputation. 

389  JUAN  EUSEBIO  GARCIA  de  la  MORA.     County  of 
Taos. 

Petition.  1826.  Question  of  lands  against  Felipe  Gon- 
zales, Before  Don  Antonio  Narbona,  Governor.  Juan 
Antonio  Martin,  Alcalde. 

This  is  a  dispute  between  Juan  Eusebio  de  la  Mora  and 
Felipe  Gonzalez,  in  regard  to  a  piece  of  land  at  or  near 
Taos. 

There  are  six  papers  in  this  archive,  but  they  are  dis- 
connected, and  insufficient  to  give  a  perfect  understand- 
ing of  the  case. 

The  controversy  between  Garcia  and  Gonzalez  arose  in 
1826,  but  the  incipiency  of  the  trouble  appears  to  have 
been  not  less  than  ten,  and  possibly  more,  years  prior  to 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    121 

that  time.  Garcia  claimed  that  Gonzalez  had  promised 
him  100  varas  of  land  in  the  tract,  and  insinuates  that 
Gonzalez  knew  that  he  was  improperly  holding  the  land 
under  a  false  claim  of  being  an  heir  of  the  former  owner. 
Gonzalez  denies  that  he  had  promised  any  land  to  Garcia, 
and  asserts  that  such  promise  was  made  by  some  people 
named  Sanchez  who  were  living  on  the  tract. 

The  information  contained  in  this  archive  is  fragment- 
ary, but  may  be  of  use  in  connection  with  other  sources 
of  knowledge. 

There  is  a  certified  copy  of  certain  clauses  of  the  will 
of  Francisca  Pacheco.  The  will  was  dated  June  8,  1802 ; 
the  certified  copy  is  by  Antonio  Narbona,  then  governor 
of  New  Mexico,  and  is  dated  May  18,  1826.  In  this  will 
she  names  as  her  only  heirs  her  brother  Jose,  and  her 
sisters  Barbara  and  Margarita.  As  executors  of  the  will 
she  names  her  brother  Jose  Pacheco  and  her  nephew  Joa- 
quin Sanchez.  In  referring  to  the  property  she  owned 
she  said,  ' '  I  declare  that  I  have  at  Taos  one  hundred  and 
fifty  varas  of  land." 

Among  the  papers  in  this  archive  389  is  a  copy  of  a 
copy,  not  certified,  at  least  if  it  was  ever  certified  the  cer- 
tificate must  have  been  upon  the  lower  half  of  the  first 
page  of  the  second  leaf,  which  is  now  missing.  It  appears 
from  this  paper  that  in  certain  proceedings  had  in  the 
year  1815,  it  was  shown  that  Joaquin  and  Jose  Sanchez  had 
sold  certain  lands  to  the  Indians  of  the  puehlo  of  Taos, 
Joaquin  at  that  time  stating  to  the  Indians  that  there  were 
no  other  heirs  to  the  property;  that  subsequently  three 
other  persons  appeared  claiming  to  be  heirs ;  that  upon  an 
investigation  of  the  matter,  under  orders  from  Governor 
Alberto  Maynez,  by  Felipe  Sandoval,  the  protector  of  the 
Indians,  the  Indians  surrendered  three  portions  of  the  land 
claimed  by  the  newly  discovered  heirs,  and  were  paid  back 
the  money  which  they  had  paid  for  those  portions  —  the 
land  of  the  vendors,  which  amounted  to  2,840  varas,  from 
the  boundary  of  their  league  to  the  north  side,  where  the 
protector  of  Indians  made  them  place  landmarks  "at  the 
boundary  which  the  grant  of  Captain  Sebastian  Martin 
cites." 

In  his  petition  of  April  25,  1826,  Garcia  states  that 
he  is  a  son  of  Teodora  Gallego,  who  claimed  that  she  had 
an  interest  in  certain  lands  which  had  been  illegally  sold 
to  the  Indians  of  Taos  by  Joaquin  Sanchez,  then  deceased. 
This  interest  apparently  was  claimed  by  her  because  of 
her  being  an  heir  of  Francisca  Pacheco. 


122    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Apparently  these  lands  were  a  part  of  a  grant  made  to 
Antonio  Martin.  Referring  to  them,  the  petitioner,  Gar- 
cia, says,  "and  sold  to  the  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of  Taos 
as  the  instrument  which  said  Sanchez  made  those  In- 
dians states,  and  it  states  the  grant  to  be  donated  to  An- 
tonio Martin  who  donated  to  Isabel  Pacheco  and  to  Fran- 
eisca  Pacheco  as  appears  by  the  document  and  compro- 
mise which  the  alcalde  Pedro  Martin  made  to  the  children 
of  Diego  Rafael  and  to  the  Sanchez  who  are  those  who  are 
on  the  tract  and  property  of  Francisca  Pacheco. ' ' 

390  MIGUEL  GARCIA. 

Petition,  1827.  Before  Manuel  Armijo,  Governor.  Asks 
for  a  document  of  partition  of  lands  of  the  Romeros  in 
Taos.    Manuel  Martinez,  Alcalde. 

391  JOSE  DOMINGO  GARCIA  et  al.     1828. 

Petition  for  lands  near  Alhurquerque.  Before  Manuel 
Armijo,  Governor.  Refused  because  covered  by  grant  of 
lands  to  Los  Griegos.    Ambrosio  Armijo,  Alcalde. 

392  MIGUEL  GARCIA,  JULIAN  GORDON,  JOSE  MAN- 
UEL COPAS.     1829. 

Report  of  the  committee  of  the  Territorial  Deputation 
against  making  them  a  grant  of  lands  in  Taos.  Francisco 
Sarracino;  Cabeza  de  Baca;  Baca  y  Terms. 

393  SALVADOR  XIRON.     (GIRON).    1829. 

Petition  claiming  possession  of  land  in  Santa  Ana  del 
Sahinal.    Before  Juan  Geronimo  Torres,  Alcalde. 

394  MARIA  de  la  LUZ  GALLEGOS,  widow  of  Ignacio  Ma- 
drid. 

Will.  Santa  Fe,  May  18,  1830.  Before  Ignacio  Ortiz, 
Alcalde. 

395  JOSE  VICTOR  GARCIA  vs.  JUAN  RAFAEL  ORTIZ. 

Question  of  land  at  Pojoaque.  1831-2.  Before  Vineente 
Martinez,  Alcalde.  Juan  Vigil;  Domingo  Fernandez; 
Juan  Trugillo;  Mateo  Sandoval;;  Juan  Antonio  Armijo; 
Vineente  Martinez;  Roman  Abreu;  Juan  Bautista  Vigil, 
Alcalde. 

396  RAFAEL  GONZALES. 

Report  on  petition  for  land.  1832  Claim  of  Jose  D.  Fer- 
nandez et  al.    File  No.  71,  Surveyor-General's  office,  q.  v. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    123 

397  JULIAN  GARDUNO,  JOSE  MARIA  BENAVIDES, 
ROMAN  SISNEROS  vs.  ANTONIO  ARMIJO. 

Question  of  land  at  Real  de  los  Dolwes. . .  1835,  Before 
Manuel  Doroteo  Pino,  Alcalde.     Juan  Benavides. 

398  LUIS  GRIEGO.  FRANCISCO  PROVENCIO.  JUAN 
SILBA.  JOSE  SILBA.  FLORENCIO  LA  GARZA. 
VICENTE  ROIBAL.  BENITO  VARELA.  MAR- 
CELINO  ORTIZ. 

Petition  for  lands  at  Galisteo.  1843.  Before  the  Ayun- 
tamiento  of  Santa  Fe.  Possession  given  by  Antonio  Sena, 
Alcalde.  J.  A.  Archuleta,  Prefect.  Archive  No.  802  has 
been  transferred  to  this  one. 

399  MARIA  de  los  REYES  GUTIERRES. 

Will.  Puesto  de  la  Cienega,  May  9,  1843.  Fernando  Or- 
tiz y  Delgado.    Rafael  Romero. 

400  TOMAS  DE  HERRERA  y  SANDOVAL. 

Petition  for  land.  1695.  Before  Don  Diego  de  Vargas, 
Zapata  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon,  Governor  and  Captain-Gen- 
eral. Possession  given  by  Roque  Madrid,  Alcalde.  Half 
a  fanega,  near  Chimayo. 

401  TERESA  de  HERRERA  y  SANDOVAL  vs.  MARIA 

DE  LEYBA  Y  MENDOZA.     1706. 

Question  of  a  piece  of  land  at  Santa  Cruz.  Before  Fran- 
cisco de  Ribera,  Alcalde.  Roque  Madrid,  Alcalde ;  Juan 
de  Medina  Ortiz ;  Joseph  de  Atienza ;  Juan  de  Atienza. 

402  ANA  MAGDALENA  HERNANDEZ  vs.  TOMAS  de 

HERRERA.  1712. 

Question  of  lands  at  Santa  Cruz.  Before  the  Marques  de 
la  Penuela,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Juan  Paez 
Hurtado,  Ten'te  General;  Roque  Madrid,  Alcalde. 

403  VICENTE  FERRER  de  ARMIJO  to  Juan  Paez  Hur- 
tado.    Santa  Fe,  December  4,  1713. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands.  Before  Juan  Garcia  de  la 
Riva,  Alcalde.  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo ;  Joseph  Maria 
Giltomey. 


124   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

404  MARIA  DE  PALACIOS  y  BOLIVAR  to  Juan  Paez 
Hurtado.     Santa  Fe,  January  13, 1716. 

Conveyance  of  a  house  and  lot.  Before  Juan  Garcia  de 
la  Riva.  Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar  (Abbreviated  sig.)  ; 
Joseph  Maria  Giltomey. 

405  MARIA  HURTADO. 

Will.  Santa  Fe,  December  28,  1725.  Before  Miguel  Jo- 
seph de  la  Vega  y  Coca,  Alcalde.  Juan  Manuel  Chirinos ; 
Tomas  de  Sena. 

406  JUAN  MANUEL  de  HERRERA. 

Will.  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  June  12,  1753.  Be- 
fore Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Alcalde.  Francisco  Valdes  y 
Bustos;  Pablo  Truxillo. 

407  JOSEPH  GARDUNO  to  Joseph  de  Herrera.     Santa 

Fe,  June  16,  1784. 

Conveyance  of  a  house  and  lot.  Before  Nicolas  Ortiz, 
Alcalde.  Juan  Antonio  Hortiz  (Ortiz);  Nicolas  Rael; 
Juan  Joseph  de  Icuza  y  Elisondo. 

408  ANTONIO  GONZALES  to  Juan  Bautista  de  Herrera. 

Santa  Fe,  April  8,  1755. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Francisco  Guerrero,  Al- 
calde.    Manuel  Begil  (Vigil)  ;  Juan  Antonio  Ortiz. 

409  BARTOLA  HURTADO,  widow  of  Joseph  Bustamante. 

Santa  Fe,  May  13,  1762. 

Will  and  inventory  of  estate.  Before  Manuel  Gallego, 
Alcalde.  Tomas  de  Armijo;  Joseph  Miguel  Garduno; 
Pedro  Tafoya;  Nicolas  Ortiz. 

410  JOHN  HEATH. 

Petition  for  lands  at  the  Bracito.  1823.  Copy  of  pro- 
ceedings. 

The  claim  of  John  Heath  was  not  confirmed  by  the 
court  of  private  land  claims.  The  Bracito  Tract  was 
first  settled  by  Don  Juan  Antonio  Garcia  de  Noriega,  a 
resident  of  El  Paso;  he  was  a  lieutenant  of  dragoons  of 
that  town.  In  1805  he  constructed  an  irrigation  ditch  on 
the  Bracito  Tract,  which  lies  just  south  of  Mesilla  Park, 
New  Mexico.  In  the  year  1816  in  the  valley  of  the  Rio 
Grande,  between  Rincon  and  El  Paso  there  was  a  great 
visitation  of  locusts  which   destroyed  all  the  cultivated 


THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    125 

fields.  He  was  advised  to  make  a  settlement  of  this  lo- 
cality by  the  Lieutenant-Colonel  Don  Alberto  Maynes. 
Don  Juan  lived  amicably  with  the  Apaches  in  this  locality, 
as  he  says :  ' '  The  Chiefs  of  the  Apaches  have  told  me  that 
next  year  they  desire  to  have  their  lands  planted,  and  if 
said  settlement  is  established,  aided  by  the  citizens  of  the 
town  of  El  Paso  and  the  new  settlers,  I  will  plant  their 
lands  so  as  to  keep  them  more  quiet." 

In  1805,  upon  a  similar  petition  from  Garcia  de  No- 
riega, it  was  denied  by  Alencaster,  then  governor  of  New 
Mexico.  Don  Juan  died  at  his  ranch  of  Bracito  in  the 
year  1828. 

Juan  Maria  Ponce  Leon,  political  chief  of  the  Bravos 
district,  in  March,  1849,  certified  ''that  D.  Juan  almost 
at  his  own  expense  kept  the  Apaches  at  peace,  and  ren- 
dered other  useful  services  to  travellers  and  even  to  the 
entire  nation,  until  the  savages  by  their  insurrections  and 
hostilities  forced  him  to  withdraw  from  said  place;  the 
land  itself  proves  that  it  has  been  cultivated,  as  it  is 
crossed  by  acequias ;  some  of  the  land  is  irrigated  and  the 
ruins  of  the  house  still  exist. 

"I  also  know,  not  remembering  the  year,  that  an  INDI- 
VIDUAL OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  named  John  Gid 
(Heath)  asked  for  and  received  a  GRANT  OF  LAND  at 
the  same  place  from  the  Mexican  authorities,  respecting 
those  of  Don  Juan  Garcia:  THIS  HE  AFFIRMS,  having 
been  one  of  the  Commissioners  in  the  measurement  of  the 
land  asked  for,  and  at  the  request  of  the  party  inter- 
ested." 

It  is  quite  interesting  to  know  that  the  claim  of  John 
Heath  (Juan  Gid)  to  a  grant  of  land  at  this  place  failed 
because  his  descendants  did  not  know  from  what  source 
the  grant  had  been  obtained;  it  came  from  the  governor 
of  Durango,  and  not  from  the  New  Mexican  authorities. 

In  the  testimony  taken  before  the  surveyor-general  of 
New  Mexico,  Pelham,  it  also  appears  that  at  the  time  of 
the  occupation  of  the  city  of  El  Paso  by  the  American 
troops  under  General  A.  W.  Doniphan,  the  town  hall  of  El 
Paso  was  made  headquarters  by  Doniphan,  at  M^hich  place 
all  of  the  archives  were  kept.  This  is  sworn  to  by  Don 
Juan  Jose  Sanchez,  who  also  says : 

"I  was  first  justice  at  that  time,  and  that  as  such  Cap- 
tain "Waldo,  doctor  of  medicine,  and  belonging  to  the  said 
army,  informed  him  that  the  soldiers  were  entirely  de- 
stroying the  archives,  and  that  for  that  reason  he  went 
there  immediately,  with  several  others,  and  collected  the 


126   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

few  public  papers  they  had  left,  the  greater  portion  hav- 
ing been  already  burned  and  thrown  in  the  street,  and 
even  some  time  after  there  were  important  papers  found 
scattered  in  the  streets." 

The  title  to  this  Bracito  Tract  in  a  proceeding  before 
Horace  Mower,  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Mex- 
ico, was  finally  adjudicated,  by  which  Hugh  Stevenson, 
successor  in  interest  to  the  original  grantee,  received  a 
two-thirds  interest  in  the  grant.  The  grant  was  originally 
made  by  Don  Jose  Ordas,  lieutenant-governor  of  that  juris- 
diction. 

411  ISABEL  JORGE  de  BERA. 

Grant.     1696.     City  of  Santa  Fe.     Half  a  fanega. 

May  5,  1699 ;  refers  to  the  Rio  Chiquito  and  to  the  Rio 
Grande,  the  latter  being  the  present  Santa  Fe  river.  The 
Rio  Chiquito  was  a  small  stream  which  had  its  rise  at  a 
large  spring  in  what  is  now  known  as  the  Bishop 's  Garden 
and  other  springs  located  on  the  site  of  the  convent  of  the 
Sisters  of  Loreto.  Its  course  was  down  what  is  now  known 
as  Water  street,  Santa  Fe,  and  joined  with  the  Rio  Santa 
Fe  about  opposite  the  site  of  the  Guadalupe  Church. 

JOSEFA  DURAN,  widow  of  Faustin  Griego. 

Grant.    City  of  Santa  Fe.    1696.    About  half  a  fanega. 

MICAELA  DE  VELASCO  to  Jose  Blasquez.      Santa 
Fe,  October  15, 1708. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lot. 

ISABEL  JORGE  de  BERA  to  Mieaela  de  Velasco. 

Santa  Fe,  June  28,  1797. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands. 

On  leaf  7,  December  22,  1706,  reference  is  also  made  to 
the  "C amino  real  que  va  al  Alamo" ;  this  was  to  the  south 
and  the  Alamo  was  a  ranch  or  hacienda  belonging  to  Jose 
Riafio,  in  these  days  called  "Pino's  Ranch." 

LORENZO  MADRID  to  Antonio  Rael  de  Aguilar.  San- 
ta Fe,  December  22,  1706. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands. 

JUANA  DE  CARRAS  vs.  ANTONIA  SEDANO,  wife 

of  Juan  Lorenzo  de  Medina.     1713. 

Question  of  lands.    Juana  de  Carras  acts  in  the  name  of 
her  absent  husband,  Jose  Blasquez,  and  the  land  in  ques- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    127 

tion  is  the  same  sold  to  him  by  Micaela  de  Velasco  who 
was  the  widow  of  Miguel  Garcia  de  la  Riva. 

Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon,  Gov- 
ernor and  Captain  General.  Domingo  de  la  Barreda, 
Secretary  of  Government  and  War.  Antonio  de  Aguilera 
Isasi,  Alcalde.  Miguel  Tenorio  de  Alva;  Joseph  Manuel 
Giltomey;  Xpttobal  de  Gongora;  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros, 
Alcalde;  Roque  de  Pintto,  Secretary  of  Government  and 
War ;  Juan  Paez  Hurtado ;  Lorenzo  de  Madrid ;  Francisco 
Romero  de  Pedrassa ;  Juan  Garcia  de  la  Rivas ;  Antonio 
Duran  de  Armijo ;  Antonia  Sedano. 

412  URSULA  RAMOS  to  Antonia  Xiron,  wife  of  Francisco 

Vigil.     Santa  Cruz  de  la  Canada.    August  23,  1736. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  land.  Acquired  by  the  vendor 
from  Diego  Martin,  with  guarantee  of  Juan  de  Dios  Mar- 
tinez de  Sandoval,  March  21,  1713.  Before  Juan  Estevan 
Garcia  de  Noriega,  Alcalde.  Antonio  Trujillo;  Miguel  de 
Quinttana. 

413  ROQUE  JACINTO  JARAMILLO  and  JUAN  MAN- 
UEL DE  HERRERA. 

Grant.  Situate  on  the  Rio  del  Oso,  county  of  Rio  Ar- 
riba.  1746.  Re-validation  by  Don  Joachin  Codallos  y 
Rabal,  Governor.  Possession  given  by  Juan  de  Beytia, 
Alcalde.  No  boundaries  are  set  out  either  in  the  proceed- 
ings or  in  the  possession.  The  original  grant  was  made 
to  the  above  named  and  to  others,  by  Don  Juan  Domingo 
de  Bustamante,  governor  and  captain-general.  The 
boundaries  given  in  the  petition  are :  North,  lands  of  the 
Alferez  Torres;  south,  lands  of  Juan  de  Tafoya;  east, 
lands  of  Juan  de  Mestas,  and  west,  the  entrance  of  the 
canyon  of  the  Sierra.. 

Vincente  Ginzo  Ron  y  Thobar;  Francisco  Gomez  del 
Castillo;  Phelipe  Jacobo  de  Vnuanue;  Juan  de  Beytia, 
Alcalde ;  Joseph  Romo  de  Vera ;  Juan  Lorenzo  Baldes. 

Cristobal  de  Torres  Grant,  q.  v. 

414  RAMON  GARCIA  JURADO  and  SALVADOR  MAR- 
TINEZ, of  Alburquerque.     May  21,  1746. 

Before  Don  Joachin  Cadallos  y  Rabal,  Governor.  Peti- 
tion in  the  matter  of  the  partition  of  the  estate  of  Josefa 
Valverde.  Agreement  as  to  the  division  of  lands  of  the 
Ranchos.  San  Francisco  de  Sandia;  San  Joseph  de  los 
Corrales ;  San  Antonio. 

Josepha  Valverde  was  the  widow  of  Captain  Luis  Gar- 


128    THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

cia,  and  Salvador  Martinez  claimed  his  part  as  husband 
of  Rosalia  Garcia. 

The  agreement  was  approved  by  Codallos  y  Rabal  on  the 
date  supra. 

415  JOSEPH  DE  MEDINA  to  Juana  de  Xaramillo.     Santa 

Cruz,  October  1,  1753. 

Conveyance  of  two  tracts  of  land.  Before  Juan  Joseph 
Lobato,  Alcalde.  Juan  Domingo  Lobato ;  Antonio  Martin. 
Medina  or  Black  Mesa  Grant,  R.  No.  56,  was  confirmed 
by  the  court  of  private  land  claims  and  surveyed  for 
more  than  19,000  acres.  A  portion  of  its  south  boundary 
adjoins  the  San  Juan  Pueblo  Grant.  It  was  patented 
December  9,  1907. 

416  RAMON  GARCIA  JURADO  and  BROTHERS. 

Grant.    1753.    Reported  Claim  No.  49,  q.  v. 

417  JUAN  ESTEVAN  JUANJUEVE  (or  JUAJUEVE). 

Will.  San  Antonio.  Jurisdiction  of  Villa  Nueva  de 
Santa  Cruz.  April  2,  1764.  Before  Manuel  Garcia  Pa- 
reja.  Alcalde.    Francisco  Sanches;  Alletano  Atencio. 

418  LUIS  XARAMILLO. 

Will.  December  27,  1784.  Before  Thomas  Madrid,  Teni- 
ente.    Diego  Antonio  Margue ;  Joseph  Maldonado. 

419  CATALINA  JURADA. 

Will.  Puesto  de  Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadalupe,  January 
31,  1767.  Before  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.  Pedro 
Antonio  Martin  ;  Juan  Joseph  Bustos. 

420  JOSEPH   and   XAVIER   JARAMILLO.    Fuendara, 

1768. 

Petition  for  land.  Before  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Men- 
dinueta,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Francisco  Tre- 
bol  Navarro ;  Joseph  Hurtado  de  Mendosa ;  Manuel  Zeinos ; 
Antonio  Moreto ;  Mattheo  de  Peiiarredonda. 

421  LUIS  JARAMILLO. 

Grant.    Reported  Claim  No.  108. 

Luis  Jaramillo,  in  1769  had  been  thirty-six  years  a  sol- 
dier and  corporal  of  the  garrison  at  Santa  Fe.  He  asked 
the  governor,  Mendinueta,  for  lands  on  the  Rio  Puerco, 
adjoining  those  of  Captain  Antonio  Baca;  all  of  the  set- 
tlers of  Nuestra  Senora  de  La  Luz,  San  Fernando,  and 


Don  Fernando  de  Alencastre  Norona  y  Silva 
Duke  of  Linares,  Viceroy  of  Mexico  1711-16 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    129 

San  Bias  del  Rio  Puerco  protested.  This  availed  them 
nothing,  however,  as  Jaramillo  was  put  in  possession  and 
the  governor  in  discussing  some  of  the  things  done  by 
the  settlers  in  times  past,  says:  "they  stupidly  and  ma- 
liciously altered  the  testimo7iio  of  the  grant  and  the  act 
of  possession  wherever  'leagues'  were  mentioned,  as  ap- 
pears from  the  original,"  and  on  account  of  the  expression 
made  by  Juan  Bautista  IMontano,  before  the  above  men- 
tioned alcalde  (Trebol  Navarro),  when  executing  the  act 
of  possession  given  to  the  residents  of  Atrisco,  that  those 
alterations  were  made  by  my  predecessor  aforesaid,  I 
order  that  a  writ  be  issued,  commanding  the  said  Montario 
to  appear  before  me  in  this,  my  tribunal,  it  being  in- 
credible that  my  predecessor  could  have  done  so,  as  well 
because  said  testimonio  has  always  remained  in  the  pos- 
session of  said  settlers,  was  made  in  the  time  of  my  pre- 
decessor, Francisco  Antonio  Marin  del  Valle,  for  if  he 
had  altered  the  testimonio  he  would  have  also  altered  the 
original,  and  in  case  he  desired  to  extend  the  boundaries 
he  would  have  done  so  in  due  form  and  not  by  destroying 
the  document,  which  I  direct  remain  on  file  in  this  of- 
fice that  the  fact  may  at  all  times  appear. ' ' 

422  JUAN  LUSERO  de  GODOY. 

Grant.  Land  near  Santa  Fe.  1693.  Before  Diego  de 
Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon,  Governor  and  Cap- 
tain-General.    Re-validated  in  the  year  1695. 

Alfonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar.    Also  written  "Alphonso"  in 
this  same  document. 

"To  his  excellency  the  governor  and  captain-general,  I, 
the  adjutant,  Antonio  Lusero  de  Godoy,  alderman  of  this 
town  of  Santa  Fe,  and  inhabitant  of  these  provinces  of 
New  Mexico,  native  of  the  same,  appear  before  your  ex- 
cellency in  the  best  form  allowed  me  by  law  and  say  that 
in  order  to  better  continue  in  the  community  of  this  said 
town  and  in  the  royal  service  of  his  majesty,  I  need  a 
tract  for  a  house  at  the  place  where  at  present  day  I  have 
a  shanty  standing  in  which  I  live,  situate  in  the  direction 
of  the  road  to  the  pueblo  of  Tesuque,  upon  some  low  hills 
(lomas  vajas)  that  are  there  together  with  the  lands  that 
surround  them  which  on  the  north  adjoin  with  a  dry- 
gulch  (arroyo  seco)  that  comes  down  from  the  mountains 
(sierra),  and  on  the  east  they  adjoin  with  the  trail  (ve- 
reda)  that  leads  to  the  pueblo  of  Tesuque,  and  on  the 
west  with  lands  of  the  Sergeant  Major  Juan  Lusero  de 
Godoy,  my  father,  and  on  the  side  of  the  river  which  is 


130   THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

to  the  south  with  lands  of  Alonso  Maese  and  of  Juan  Gon- 
zales Lobon,  upon  all  of  which  land  there  probably  may 
be  embraced  about  one-half  fanega  of  corn  and  two  of 
wheat,  for  in  order  that  I  may  go  there  with  my  numerous 
family,  it  is  a  very  [illegible,  one  word]  portion  of  land 
I  ask  your  excellency  to  be  pleased  to  remember  my 
services  that  I  have  rendered  to  his  majesty,  for  since 
the  time  of  the  first  entry  made  into  this  kingdom  by 
General  Don  Diego  de  Vargas,  I  was  the  one  to  guide  the 
fifty  soldiers  of  the  re-inforcements  that  his  majesty  gave 
him  for  making  the  conquest,  and  during  the  conquest  I 
remained  near  to  the  person  of  the  said  general,  as  like- 
wise in  the  entry  with  the  families.  I  was  one  of  those 
who,  not  stopping  to  consider  the  danger  of  the  winter, 
conveyed  my  family  of  my  wife  and  children,  they  be- 
ing exposed  to  many  discomforts  such  as  are  experienced 
in  this  kingdom  and  during  all  the  conquests  I  always 
accompanied  the  said  general  at  my  own  expense  [one 
word  illegible]  as  is  public  and  notorious,  and  that  I  have 
not  had  any  reward ;  and  since  your  excellency  repre- 
sented the  king  our  lord,  that  you  be  pleased  to  attend 
to  my  services,  and  as  the  royal  agent  of  him  and  having 
as  you  do  all  his  authority,  that  you  grant  to  me  in  his 
royal  name  what  I  ask,  accepting  my  statement  as  true, 
which  I  swear  to  God,  and  by  the  sign  of  the  holy  cross, 
that  it  is  as  I  have  stated  and  only  for  the  purpose  of 
obtaining  justice  which  I  ask,  and  I  implore  the  royal 
help  of  your  excellency.      Antonio  Lucero  de  Godoy" 

PRESENTATION 

"In  this  town  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  30th  day  of  the 
month  of  July,  1697,  before  me,  Don  Pedro  Rodrigues 
Cubero,  governor  and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom 
and  provinces  of  New  Mexico,  commander  of  its  forces 
and  garrisons,  governor-elect  and  captain-general  of  the 
provinces  of  Macaibo,  Merida,  and  La  Gritta,  proprietary 
commander  of  the  castle  of  San  Salvador  at  Punta  of  the 
city  of  Havana,  for  his  majesty,  the  party  stated,  pre- 
sented it.  Order.  And  I  having  seen  it,  accept  it  as  pre- 
sented for  what  it  may  be  worth  in  law,  and  in  view  of 
the  services  that  he  states  to  have  rendered  to  his  majesty 
in  this  said  kingdom,  I  at  once  made  him  the  grant  that 
the  petitioner  asks  of  the  lands  stated  in  the  name  of  his 
majesty,  without  prejudice  to  third  parties  who  may  have 
a  better  claim,  which  said  lands  and  grants  I  give  to  the 
said  Antonio  Lucero  in  order  that  he  may  enjoy,  settle, 
cultivate,  and  possess,  his  wife,  children,  and  heirs,  and 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    131 

I  command  that  this  petition  and  grant  made  in  favor  of 
said  Antonio  Lueero  the  said  party  do  take  and  present 
it  before  the  cabildo,  justices,  and  aldermen  of  this  said 
town,  in  order  that  they  in  their  archive  a  record  may  be 
made  (se  tome  razon)  that  it  may  appear  at  all  times, 
when  that  being  done  they  shall  return  it  in  order  that  a 
title  in  due  form  may  be  issued  to  him,  and  that  it  may 
so  appear  I  signed  it  with  the  undersigned  secretary  of 
government  and  war.  Pedro  Rodrigues  Cubero 

"Before  me :  Don  Alonso  Rael  de  Aguilar, 
"Secretary  of  Government  and  "War." 

"Immediately  thereafter  on  said  day,  month,  and  year, 
in  pursuance  of  what  was  provided  by  his  excellency,  the 
governor  and  captain-general,  the  cabildo,  justices,  and 
aldermen  received  it  as  presented  for  what  it  may  be 
worth  in  law,  and  that  it  may  so  appear  we  signed  it  with 
the  secretary  of  the  cabildo  on  the  date  as  above. 

"It  agrees  with  the  original  that  remains  in  the  archive 
of  government  and  war  of  this  said  town,  and  it  is  true 
and  certain  according  to  the  same ;  and  at  its  correction 
and  comparing  were  present  Cristobal  de  Gongora  and 
Juan  Antonio  Ramos,  and  I,  said  secretary  of  cabildo, 
make  my  sign  and  customary  rubric  in  testimony  of  the 
truth.  Miguel  Tenorio  de  Alva  [rubric] 

"Secretary  of  Cabildo" 

Among  other  things  it  appears  in  this  archive  that  Gen- 
eral De  Vargas,  in  1693,  made  his  camp  on  the  edge  of  a 
forest  (monte)  known  as  ' '  Cuma. ' ' 

423  ANTONIO  LUCERO  de  GODOY. 

Grant.  Land  near  Santa  Fe,  1697,  By  Don  Pedro  Rod- 
riguez Cubero,  Governor  and  Captain-General.  Testi- 
monio  certified  to  by  Miguel  Tenorio  de  Alva,  Secretary 
of  the  Council. 

Antonio  Lueero  de  Godoy  says  that  he  is  the  man  who,  at 
the  time  of  the  first  expedition  of  De  Vargas  (1692),  guided 
the  soldiers  which  the  king  had  given  De  Vargas  and  that 
he  also  accompanied  the  expedition  which  brought  the  set- 
tlers from  Mexico. 

ANTONIO  MARTINEZ  or  LUCERO  de  GODOY. 

Originally  as  surveyed  this  grant  conflicted  wnth  the 
grant  to  the  Taos  Pueblo;  the  title  was  confirmed  by  the 
court  of  private  land  claims  and  under  the  decree  and 
survey  the  conflict  was  eliminated.  The  grant  contains 
61,000  acres  and  was  patented  May  8,  1896. 


132    THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

424  JOSE  CASTELLANOS  to  Bartolome  Lobato.     Santa 

Fe,  August  8, 1701. 

Conveyance  of  house  and   land.     Before  Joseph  Rodri- 
guez, Alcalde.     Testimonio  certified  to  by  the  Alcalde. 
This  also  mentions  the  Rio  Chiquito. 

425  JUANA  DOMINGUEZ  to  Bartolome  Lobato.     Santa 

Fe,  August  14,  1701. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  garden.     Before  Joseph  Rodri- 
guez, Alcalde.     Lorenzo  de  Madrid,  Joseph  de  Quintana. 
Says  there  is  no  notary  within  270  leagues ;  refers  also  to 
the  Rio  Chiquito. 

426  JUAN   GONZALES  to  Jose  Lopez.    Bernalillo,  No- 
vember 14,  1704. 

Donation  of  land.  Before  Diego  Montoya,  Alcalde. 
Juan  de  Uribarri,  Baltazar  Mata. 

427  RAMON  GARCIA  JURADO  to  Bartolome    Lobato. 

Santa  Cruz,  May  7, 1707. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar, 
Alcalde.  Xpttobal  de  Gongora,  Antonio  Duran  de 
Armijo. 

A  deed  for  a  piece  of  land  at  Santa  Cruz  de  La  Canada, 
the  boundaries  being  "on  the  north  side  by  the  river  of 
said  town  (Villa)  on  that  of  the  south  by  the  said  town." 
This  shows  that  when  the  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz  was 
reestablished  by  De  Vargas  in  1695,  the  same  was  on  the 
south  side ;  the  present  town  of  Santa  Cruz  is  located  on 
the  north  side  of  the  river. 

428  SEBASTIAN  de  VARGAS  to  Antonia  de  Leyba.  San- 
ta Fe,  August  25,  1710. 

Donation  of  house,  lot  and  lands.  Before  Diego  Arias 
de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  Xpttobal  de  Gongora,  Antonio  Duran 
de  Armijo. 

429  JUAN  DE  TORRES  to  Juan  Lopez.     Santa  Fe,  July  6, 

1712. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lot.  Before  Diego  Arias  de 
Quiros,  Alcalde.  Pedro  de  Montesdoca,  Joseph  Manuel 
Giltomey. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   133 

430  DIEGO  MARTIN  to  Juana  Lujan.     Santa  Cruz,  April 
27,  1713. 

Conveyance  of  lands.     Before  Jacinto  Sanches,  Alcalde. 

431  JUAN  GARCIA  de  NORIEGA  to  Josefa  Lujan.     San- 
ta Fe,  August  5, 1713. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Before  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Al- 
calde.    Juan  Phelipe  de  Ribera,  Pedro  de  Roxas. 

431  ANTONIA  BARELA  de  LOSADA. 

Will.  Santa  Fe,  June,  1712.  Before  Alphonso  Rael  de 
Aguilar,  Alcalde.  Juan  de  la  Mora  Pineda,  Vsebio  de 
Aguilar. 

433  BARTOLOME  LOBATO. 

Grant.  Situate  on  the  Rio  de  Chama.  1714.  Granted 
by  Don  Juan  Ignacio  Flores  Mogollon,  Governor  and 
Captain-General.  Possession  given  by  Sebastian  Martin, 
Alcalde.  Re-validated  in  1715  by  Phelix  Martinez,  Gov- 
ernor; Miguel  Thenorio  de  Alva,  Secretary  of  Govern- 
ment and  War.  Roque  de  Pintto,  Secretary  of  Govern- 
ment and  War.  Francisco  de  Carmona,  Miguel  de  Quint- 
tana. 

434  ALEJO  GUTIERRES  to  Antonio  Lopez.     Santa  Fe, 

June  13, 1715. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  land.  Before  Juan  Garcia  de 
la  Riva,  Alcalde.  Gabriel  de  Cabrera,  Juan  Manuel 
Chirinos. 

MARIA  GUTIERRES  to  Alejo  Gutierres.     Santa  Fe, 

August  7, 1712. 

Donation  of  the  above  land.  Before  Alphonso  Rael  de 
Aguilar,  Alcalde.     Miguel  de  Sandoval  Martinez. 

435  BARTOLOME  LOBATO. 

Re-validation  of  grant  on  the  Chama  by  Governor  Mogol- 
lon.     No.  433,  g.  v. 

436  BARTOLOME  LOBATO. 

With  No.  433,  No.  435,  q.  v. 

437  BARTOLOME  LOBATO.    SALVADOR  de  SANTIE- 
STEVAN.     ANTONIO  TRUXILLO.     ANTONIO  de 


134   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

SALAZAR.  XPTOBAL  CRESPIN.  NICOLAS 
GRIEGO.  NICOLAS  BALBERDE.  JUAN  de  MES- 
TAS. 

Petition  in  regard  to  the  calling  in  of  their  grants.  Be- 
fore Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Visitador  General.  Nos.  433, 
435,  436,  q.  v. 

The  grant  to  Antonio  Tru jillo  is  as  follows : 

"To  the  Governor  and  Captain  General: 

**  Antonio  Tru  jillo,  resident  of  the  new  town  of  Santa 
Cruz,  appears  before  your  excellency  in  the  manner  most 
approved  in  law  and  convenient  to  me,  and  states  that: 
I  register  a  tract  of  land,  which  is  wild  and  unsettled,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  Del  Norte  river,  which  I  received 
as  a  grant  in  the  name  of  his  Majesty,  from  General  Don 
Juan  Flores  Mogollon,  and  was  placed  in  possession  there- 
of by  Captain  Sebastian  Martin,  at  that  time  senior  jus- 
tice of  said  town,  and  upon  which  I  made  a  ditch  and 
plowed  up  a  field,  an  examination  of  which  was  made  on 
the  9th  instant  by  Don  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  lieutenant 
general  of  this  kingdom;  and  its  boundaries  are,  on  the 
east  a  hill  which  joins  the  Del  Norte  river;  on  the  west 
an  angostura  or  narrow,  which  forms  a  table-land,  with 
the  Chama  river;  and  on  the  north  said  table-land,  and 
on  the  south  the  Chama  river.  Said  lands  your  excel- 
lency will  be  pleased  to  regrant  me  anew,  in  the  name  of 
his  Majesty,  for  myself,  my  children,  heirs,  and  succes- 
sors, together  with  entrances  and  outlets,  pastures,  water 
and  watering-places,  rights,  interests,  customs,  and  ap- 
purtenances, thereunto  belonging;  directing  royal  pos- 
session to  be  given  to  me,  compelling  them  to  settle  them 
within  the  time  prescribed  by  law,  in  view  of  all  which 
and  whatever  more  I  may  set  forth  and  may  do  in  my 
own  favor,  and  which  I  here  express. 

"I  pray  and  request  your  excellency,  with  the  most 
sincere  expression  of  submission,  to  be  pleased  to  do  and 
determine  as  I  have  requested;  and  by  so  doing  I  will 
receive  grace  and  favor  with  justice.  I  swear  that  this 
my  petition  is  not  made  through  malice.  I  implore  royal 
aid  and  whatever  may  be  necessary,  etc. 

"Antonio  Trujillo. " 
"And  seen  by  Don  Juan  Domingo  de  Bustamante,  gov- 
ernor and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom.  He  consid- 
ered it  as  presented,  and  I  grant  to  the  person  therein 
mentioned  the  grant  of  land  he  asks  me  for,  in  the  name 
of  his  Majesty,  for  himself,  his  children  and  heirs,  without 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   135 

injury  to  any  third  parties  who  may  show  a  better  title; 
and  I  direct  the  senior  justice  of  the  new  town  of  Santa 
Cruz  to  proceed  to  place  him  in  possession  of  the  afore- 
said lands,  and  in  order  that  it  may  be  a  matter  of  record 
I  have  signed  it  at  this  city  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  8th  day 
of  the  month  of  June,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
twenty-four.  Juan  Domingo  de  Bustamante,  " 

"At  this  place  of  Yunque,  on  the  20th  day  of  the  month 
of  June,  in  the  year  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
twenty,  I,  the  reformed  Ensign  Cristobal  Torres,  chief 
justice  and  war  captain  of  the  new  city  of  Santa  Cruz 
and  its  jurisdiction,  proceed  to  give  royal  possession  to 
Antonio  Trujillo,  as  I  am  directed  to  do  by  his  excellency; 
and  having  arrived  and  examined  the  tract  of  land  re- 
ferred to  in  his  petition,  I  took  him  by  the  hand  and 
walked  with  him  over  the  land.  He  threw  stones,  pulled 
up  grass,  and  cried  out  in  a  loud  voice,  as  if  the  land  was 
his,  and  in  proof  of  possession  which  I  gave  him  in  the 
name  of  the  king,  our  sovereign,  (whom  may  God  pre- 
serve,) and  which  he  received  quietly  and  peaceably, 
Domingo  Montes  Vigil  and  Diego  Martin  being  instru- 
mental witnesses,  and  with  the  boundaries  mentioned  iu 
his  petition;  and  possession  was  given  to  him  with  the 
condition  that  he  should  settle  it  within  the  term  pre- 
scribed by  law.  And  in  order  that  it  may  so  appear,  I 
signed  as  acting  judge,  with  the  undersigned  as  attend- 
ing witnesses,  on  said  day  ut  supra. 

''Cristobal  Torres. 
"Attending: 

"Miguel  A.  Quintana." 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  place  called  Yunque,  the  site  of 
Oiiate's  capital,  was  inhabited  one  hundred  and  sixteen 
years  after  the  capital  was  removed  to  Santa  Fe. 

438  XPTOBAL  CRESPIN  to  Miguel  Lujan.     Santa  Fe, 
October  25, 1718. 

Conveyance  of  a  house  and  lot.  Before  Francisco  Bueno 
de  Bohorques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde.  Diego  Arias  de 
Quiros,  Juan  Manuel  Chiriiios. 

439  JOSEPHA  SEDANO  to  Cayetano  Lobato.     Santa  Fe, 
March  20,  1722. 

Conveyance  of  a  house  and  lands.  Before  Francisco 
Bueno  de  Bohorques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde.  Pedro  Lopes 
Gallardo,  Gregorio  Garduiio. 


136   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

440  MIGUEL  de  la  BEGA  Y  COCA  and  MARIA  MON- 

TOYA  to  Maria  Josepha  Lopes.     April  17,  1727. 

Conveyance  of  house  and  lands.  Before  Diego  Arias  de 
Quiros,  Alcalde.  Manuel  Thenorio  de  Alva,  Juan  Manuel 
Chirinos. 

441  JOSEPH  DE  LEYBA. 

Land  situate  near  Santa  Fe.  Made  by  Bustamante,  Gov- 
ernor. Possession  given  by  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Al- 
calde.    Juan  Manuel  Chirinos,  Juan  Joseph  Lobato. 

The  boundaries  to  this  grant  were :  on  the  east  by  the 
San  Marcos  road,  on  the  south  by  an  arroyo  called  Cuesta 
del  Oregano,  on  the  west  by  land  of  Juan  Garcia  de  la 
Rivas,  and  on  the  north  by  the  lands  of  the  Captain  Se- 
bastian de  Vargas. 

Juan  Garcia  de  las  Rivas  was  the  son  of  the  Captain 
Miguel  Garcia,  who  was  the  owner  of  the  sitio  of  the  old 
pueblo  of  the  Cienega.  The  Cuesta  del  Oregano  was 
south  and  east  of  the  Ojo  del  Coyote.  The  grant  was 
held  by  the  court  of  private  land  claims  to  have  been 
an  imperfect  one;  made  as  it  was  in  1728,  it  fell  under 
the  requirements  of  the  Royal  Ordinance  of  1754,  which 
provided  that  all  grants  made  subsequent  to  1700,  unless 
already  confirmed  by  royal  order  of  the  king  or  his  vice- 
roys, or  presidents  of  the  Audiencias  of  the  several  dis- 
tricts embracing  the  lands  granted,  should  apply  for  such 
confirmation  as  a  prerequisite  to  validity. 

Jose  de  Leyba  had  a  son.  Simon  de  Leyba,  who  likewise 
had  a  son,  Salvador  Antonio,  who  had  a  son,  Juan  Angel 
Leyba,  who  had  a  son,  Salvador  Leyba;  having  been 
kicked  by  a  mule,  and  fearing  death,  made  his  will  and 
in  this  instrument,  it  is  recited  that  this  grant  had  been 
made  to  his  father  Joseph  by  the  king.  Juan  Angel 
Leyba  was  killed  by  the  Navajos  near  the  Coyote  Spring. 

The  sitio  of  the  old  pueblo  of  the  Cienega  was  granted 
by  General  de  Vargas  to  Bernabe  Jorge ;  one  of  the  bound- 
aries of  this  old  pueblo  was  the  Penasco  Blanco  de  las 
Golondrinas.     The  word  "Oregano"  means  marjoram. 

Upon  this  tract  of  land  are  located  the  celebrated  tur- 
quoise mines  —  the  Chalchuitl  of  the  Pueblo  Indians. 

In  the  testimony  relative  to  the  boundaries  of  this  grant 
an  interesting  deed,  made  in  1701,  was  introduced  in  evi- 
dence :  containing  as  the  deed  does,  certain  terms,  dealing 
with  matters  of  taxation,  fees,  etc.,  the  deed  is  given  in 
full: 

' '  At  the  Villa  of  Santa  Fe  on  the  twelfth  day  of  March, 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    137 

one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  four,  before  me  Captain 
Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  war  lieutenant  and  captain-general 
of  this  Kingdom,  acting  as  Juez  Receptor  with  two  at- 
tending witnesses,  appeared  JMiguel  Garcia  de  la  Riba, 
resident  of  this  city,  and  said  that  he  was  giving  and 
gave  in  royal  sale,  the  sitio  of  the  old  Pueblo  of  Zienega, 
in  favor  of  his  son,  Juan  Garcia  de  la  Riba,  for  the  price 
of  one  hundred  dollars  of  the  money  of  the  country, 
that  said  IMiguel  Garcia  de  la  Riba  had  by  sale  from 
Joseph  Castellanos  and  that  its  boundaries  are  on  the 
north  the  watershed  of  La  Zieneguilla,  on  the  East  the 
Penasco  Blanco  (White  Rock)  de  las  Golondrinas,  on 
the  South  the  Caiiada  of  Juana  Lopez,  on  the  West  Las 
Boquillas,  and  renounces  the  laws  of  NON  NUMERATA 
PECUNIA  and  those  of  the  DUBUS  RES  DE  VENDI 
and  AUTENTICA  PRE  FIDE  JUROBUS  so  that  as  his 
own  property,  the  said  grant  of  the  old  Pueblo  of  Zienega, 
he  can  exchange  and  transfer  it  or  use  the  same  at  his 
own  pleasure,  and  empowering  the  court  of  His  Majesty 
with  all  rigor  of  law  to  compel  him  to  comply  with  the 
provisions  contained  in  this  document,  and  that  if  at 
any  time  he  should  bring  suit,  the  said  Miguel  Garcia  de  la 
Riba,  he  shall  not  be  heard  in  Court  nor  out  of  it,  and  as 
a  guaranty  he  pledges  his  person  and  personal  and  real 
property  he  may  now  have  or  might  have ;  and  the  said 
Miguel  Garcia  de  la  Riba  further  states  that  of  the  re- 
mainder he  makes,  grants,  gives  and  donates  pure  and 
perfect  which  the  law  calls  INTERVIVOS :  To  have  and 
to  Hold  he  so  executed  and  signed  the  same  the  said 
grantee,  Miguel  Garcia  de  la  Riba,  together  with  myself 
and  my  assisting  witnesses  who  were  Mateo  Trujillo  and 
Jose  Franco  de  la  Barreda,  both  citizens  [torn]  of  this 
city,  and  of  [torn]  the  party  I  delivered  this  orig.  [torn] 
in  the  power  of  the  purchaser  [torn]  on  ordinary  blank 
paper   [torn]   there  being  no  sealed  paper   [torn]   parts. 

'  *  Mgl  Gabcia  de  La  Riba 
' '  Testigo  de  Asistencia 

' '  Jose  Franco  de  la  Barreda 
"Ante  mi  como  Juez  Receptor         Testigo  de  Asistencia 
' '  Juan  Paez  Hurtado  Mateo  Trugillo  ' ' 

The   Non   Numerata  Pecunia  meant :   Not   in   Ready 
Money. 

442  LUIS  LOPES. 

Will.  Canada,  October  27,  1728.  Before  Diego  Arias  de 
Quiros,  Alcalde.  Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Juan  Manuel 
Chirifios. 


138   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

443  NICOLASA  MONTOYA  by  her  husband  BAETO- 
LOME  GUTIERRES  to  Maria  Josepha  Lopez.  San- 
ta Fe,  February  15, 1729.     Conveyance  of  land. 

Before  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

444  JUAN  LUJAN  to  Agustin  Lobato.     Santa  Fe,  August 

16,  1738. 

Before  Antonio  Montoya  Alcalde.  Conveyance  of  land. 
Juan  Manuel  Chirinos. 

A  description  of  land  lying  "between  the  big  river  and 
the  little"  —  ^'entre  el  Rio  Grande  y  el  chico/'  meaning 
the  Rio  Santa  Fe  and  the  Rio  Chiquito. 

445  JUAN  CAYETANO  LOBATO. 

Piece  of  land  on  the  other  side  of  the  Santa  Fe  river. 
Don  Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza,  Governor  and  Cap- 
tain-General. Antonio  de  Hulibarri,  Alcalde.  Gregorio 
Garduno. 

446  FELIPE  RODRIGUEZ  to  Manuel  Lopez  (Lohpes). 
1751. 

Conveyance  of  land  in  Santa  Fe,  called  Buena  Vista. 
Manuel  Gallegos,  Alcalde.  Pedro  Tafoya,  Lucas  Miguel 
de  Moya. 

447  ISIDRO  MARTIN  to  Geronimo  Lopez.     1753. 

Conveyance;  land  in  Santa  Fe.  Manuel  Gallegos,  Al- 
calde.    Pedro  Tafoya,  Lucas  Moya. 

448  MARCOS  RODRIGUEZ  to  Joseph  Losano.     Santa  Fe, 

1762. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde.  Juan 
Antonio  Orttis,  Pedro  Antonio  Tafoya. 

449  JUAN  MANUEL  SANDOBAL  to  Juan  Jose  Luxan. 

Santa  Fe,  1764. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 
Diego  Antonio  Marquez,  Thomas  Casillas,  Francisco 
Xavier  Fragoso. 

450  BARTOLOME  TRUXILLO  to  Joseph  and  Antonio  Lu- 

cretio  Martin.     Ahiquiu,  1764. 

A  tract  of  land ;  part  of  a  grant  to  vendor.  Juan  Pablo 
Martin,  Alcalde.     Joseph  Gomes,  Antonio  Gomes. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    139 

451  JOSE  LOSANO  vs.  JUAN  de  URIOSTL     Santa  Fe, 
1764. 

Questions  as  to  boundaries  of  a  piece  of  land  donated  to 
the  grandfather  of  complainant,  Miguel  de  la  Cruz,  by- 
Sebastian  de  Vargas,  Armero.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Al- 
calde.    Antonio  Dominguez,  Vicente  Sena, 

452  MARIA  MANUELA,  widow  of  Juan  Losaiio. 

Will.  Santa  Fe,  1765.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 
Joseph  Mares,  Joseph  Miguel  Garduiio. 

453  FRANCISCO   LOBATO   to   Agiistin  Lovato.     Santa 
Fe,  1765. 

House  and  lot.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Lucas 
Moya,  Juan  Francisco  Niiio  Ladron  de  Guebara. 

Describes  a  piece  of  land  between  the  Bio  Chiquito  and 
the  Rio  Grande,  in  Santa  Fe. 

454  MIGUEL  LUCERO,  Alcalde-mayor  of  Alburquerque. 

Will.  1768.  Also  inventory  and  partition  proceedings. 
Juan  Cristobal  Sanches,  Alcalde.  Bartolome  Olguin, 
Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor.  Felipe  Silba,  Juan 
Francisco  Baca,  Carlos  Fernandez,  Joseph  Maldonado. 

455  ANTONIO  ORTEGA  to  Geronimo  Lopez.     Santa  Fe, 

1768. 

Conveyance  of  land.  Phelipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde.  Joseph 
Miguel  Tafoya,  Lucas  Moya. 

456  MANUELA  BRITO  to  Simon  de  Leiba.    Santa  Fe, 

1769. 

House  and  lot.  Phelipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde.  Joachin  Lain. 
In  1767  Don  Felipe  Tafoya  was  an  alcalde  at  Santa  Fe; 
he  states,  in  a  petition  signed  by  him  as  attorney  for  Don 
Diego  Antonio  Chavez  and  Don  Pedro  Chavez,  that  he  is 
the  legitimate  son  of  Antonio  Tafoya,  formerly  ensign  of 
the  Santa  Fe  garrison  and  one  who  reconquered  the  coun- 
try with  Diego  De  Vargas,  and  that  his  father  served  in 
the  royal  armies  until  1747,  when  he  lost  his  eye-sight; 
that  he  also  had  served  ten  years;  that  he  had  asked  for 
the  Chavezes  and  himself  a  piece  of  land  in  the  Rio 
Puerco  country  which  had  been  refused  by  Don  Tomas 
Velez  Cachupin,  at  the  time  governor.  This  governor,  on 
December  3,  1766,  addressing  himself  to  the  petition  which 
Tafoya  had  filed  says:     "If  these  parties  have  not  had 


140   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

any  land  or  grant  whereon  to  pasture  their  animals,  they 
might  have  joined  the  new  settlements  of  San  Miguel  de 
Laredo  and  that  of  San  Gabriel  de  las  Nutrias  .  .  . 
But  these  parties  doubtless  experienced  fear,  as  the  said 
places  were  on  the  frontier  and  as  they  lacked  courage 
for  their  establishment,  and  they  have  registered  the  tract 
they  mention  because  it  is  in  the  peaceful  region  of  the 
Navajo  country.  They  may  occupy  the  same  while  the 
natives  (Navajos)  do  not  object."  They  were  enjoined 
to  treat  these  "Apache  Navajos"  "with  the  greatest  love 
and  kindness,  to  win  them  over  and  treat  them  well,  so  as 
to  keep  them  in  amity  with  us,  and  so  that  in  the  course 
of  time,  and  showing  them  good  examples  and  Christian 
conduct,  they  may  be  brought  to  the  holy  Catholic  faith. ' ' 
Captain  Bartolome  Fernandez  says  of  the  Navajos  in 
that  section  of  the  country:  "Owing  to  their  dread  of 
the  Utes,  the  Apaches  (Navajos)  make  their  houses  on  the 
highest  and  roughest  parts  of  the  Mesas." 

457  GERONIMO  LOPEZ. 

Will,  Santa  Fe.  No  date.  Phelipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde.  Jo- 
seph Armenta. 

458  ISABEL  LUJAN. 

Will,  Santa  Fe,  1771.  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde. 
Antonio  de  Armenta. 

459  JUANA  DE  OJEDA  BENAVIDES  to  Francisco  Lu- 

jan.     1772. 

Donation  of  a  tract  of  land  on  the  Tesuque  river.  Man- 
uel Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.     Joseph  de  Armenta. 

460  ANTONIO  JOSEPH  LOPEZ  and  MATHIAS  THE- 

NORIO  DE  ALBA  vs.  MIGUEL  THENORIO  de  ALBA. 

1772. 

Question  of  lands  at  the  Cienega.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de 
Mendinueta,  Governor.  Antonio  Moreto,  Mateo  de  Pen- 
arredona. 

461  MARIANA  de  la  PAZ  to  Joseph  Manuel  Lovato.  San- 
ta Fe,  1769. 

Conveyance ;  house  and  lot.  Phelipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde. 
Joseph  Miguel  Tafoya. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    141 

462  ANTONIO  de  LUNA.     Intestate.     1786. 

Proceedings  in  the  matter  of  his  estate.  Don  Juan  Bau- 
tista  de  Anza,  Governor.  Vicente  Troncoso.  Manuel  de 
Arteaga,  Alcalde.  Juan  Francisco  Baca,  Juan  Miguel  Al- 
bares  del  Castillo.  Don  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor. 
Antonio  Villegas  Ruiz,  Francisco  Perez  Serrano,  Manuel  de 
Arteaga,  IMiguel  Gabaldon,  Cristobal  de  Larranaga,  Man- 
uel Antonio  Lorenz,  Bautista  Montano.  Antonio  Jose 
Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

Bonifacio  JoUauga  (Joj^anaga)  to  Domingo  de  Luna. 
Alburquerque,  1747.  A  piece  of  land  in  the  San  Clemente 
Tract.  Joseph  Baca,  Alcalde.  Joseph  Gallego,  Isidro 
Sanches. 

Antonio  Gallego,  alias  El  Collote,  to  Domingo  de  Luna. 
Land  in  the  San  Clemente  Tract.  1748.  Joseph  Baca, 
Alcalde.     Isidro  Sanchez,  Manuel  Carillo. 

Bonifacio  Jollanga  (Joyanga)  to  Domingo  de  Luna. 
1748.  Land  in  the  San  Clemente  Tract.  1748.  Joseph 
Baca,  Alcalde.  Isidro  Sanches.  Reported  Claim  No.  67, 
q.  V.  Ana  de  Sandoval  y  Manzanares,  or  LOS  LUNAS 
Tract. 

Domingo  de  Luna  was  lieutenant  of  the  militia  com- 
pany at  the  town  of  Tome,  in  1766.  De  Luna  sold  to 
Don  Pedro  Martin  Serrano  all  his  right  to  what  is  known 
as  the  Piedra  Lumbre  Tract.  Governor  Tomas  Veles 
Cachupin  granted  the  tract  to  Serrano,  he  being  a  de- 
scendant of  the  first  settlers  of  the  Province.  It  appears 
in  the  granting  papers  that  the  Indians  of  the  puehio  of 
Ahiquiu  were  requested  to  be  present  at  the  time  pos- 
session was  given  to  Lieutenant  Pedro  Martin  Serrano, 
who  was  a  lieutenant  of  militia  of  the  district  of  Chama. 

In  the  year  1716,  Ana  De  Sandoval  y  Manzanares  asked 
for  this  tract,  petitioning  Governor  Phelix  Martinez  to 
that  effect  and  stating  that  ' '  when  the  Marquis  de  la  Nava 
Brazinas,  whom  may  God  keep  in  Glory,  was  governor  and 
captain-general  of  this  province,  brought  us  hither  in  the 
year  ninety-two  for  its  settlement"  he  had  promised  to 
give  to  each  one  of  the  "native  citizens  of  this  province 
who  might  come  to  settle  and  pacify  the  same,  the  tracts 
of  land  and  fields,  and  stockraising  ranches  that  we  aban- 
doned in  the  year  eighty  on  account  of  the  powerful  in- 
surrection." She  was  the  widow  of  Bias  de  la  Candela- 
ria  and  asked  for  the  place  called  "San  Clemente,  which 
I  inherited  from  my  father,  deceased,  Mateo  de  Sandoval 
y  Manzanares. ' ' 


142   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

The  grant  was  made  and  she  was  placed  in  possession 
by  Don  Antonio  Gutierrez,  chief  alcalde  and  war-captain 
of  the  Villa  de  Alburquerque,  in  the  presence  of  Don  An- 
tonio de  Chaves  and  Baltazar  Romero ;  possession  was 
given  actually  to  Felix  de  la  Candelaria,  son  of  his 
mother,  the  petitioner;  the  land  was  bounded  on  the  east 
by  the  Rio  del  Norte,  on  the  west  by  the  Rio  Puerco;  on 
the  south  by  the  house  of  Tome  Dominguez,  and  on  the 
north  by  a  ruin  that  is  a  little  above  the  pueblo  of  San 
Clemente. 

Those  who  returned  with  De  Vargas  were  required  to 
claim  and  occupy  the  possessions  which  had  been  aban- 
doned in  1680  and  to  obtain  from  the  government  a  rec- 
ognition of  the  renewal  of  title  before  possession  could 
be  given. 

463  FRANCISCO  VIGIL  to  Bernardo  Lucero.     1793. 

Land  in  Las  Trampas  Tract, 

464  CAPTAIN  DIEGO  de  TORRES,  BARTOLOME  TRU- 
JILLO,  ANTONIO  de  SALAZAR,  MANUEL  VAL- 
ERIC, and  MANUEL  MARTIN,  legal  representatives 
of  Cristobal  de  Torres. 

Petition  relative  to  a  tract  of  land  of  the  estate  of  the  said 
Cristobal  de  Torres,  in  Chama.    Incomplete. 

465  FRAY  JOSEPH  MEDRANO  to  Maria  Dolores  and 

Mariano,  two  children  he  had  raised. 

Land  in  Alameda.  Antonio  de  Armenta,  Alcalde ;  Benito 
Lucero. 

Gertrudis  Castela,  or  Juana  Gertrudis  Castela  vs.  Mg- 
uel  Baca  and  Juan  Antonio  Baca.  1794-5.  Question  of 
lands  at  Alameda.  Nerio  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde;  An- 
tonio Jose  Ortiz,  Alcalde;  Fernando  Chacon,  Governor; 
Tomas  Manuel  Montoya ;  Antonio  de  Armenta,  Alcalde. 

466  ANTONIO  de  LUNA.    1811. 

Question  of  land  with  Ventura  Chaves.  Papers  incom- 
plete. 1816.  Further  proceedings  in  the  same  matter. 
Manrique,  Governor;  Allande,  Governor;  Jose  Antonio 
Chaves;  Francisco  Ortiz. 

San  Clemente  Tract.  Ana  de  Manzanares  de  Sandoval. 
Reported  Claim  No.  67. 

According  to  the  first  survey  of  the  San  Clemente 
Grant,  made  in  1878,  the  grant  contained  more  than  89,- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   143 

000  acres.  It  was  confirmed  by  the  court  of  private 
land  claims  and  under  another  survey  contained  an  area 
of  about  37,000  acres.  The  last  survey  adjoins  on  the 
east  the  western  boundary  of  the  property  commonly 
called  "Lo  de  Padilla,"  wliich  is  claimed  by  the  Indians 
of  the  pueblo  of  Isleta.  The  San  Clemente  was  patented 
November  15,  1909. 

467  BERNARDO    LUCERO    vs.    MAURILO    BARGAS. 
1820. 

Question  of  land  in  Las  Trampas  de  Taos.  Facundo  Mel- 
gares.  Governor;  Marcos  Garcia,  Alcalde;  Juan  de  Dios 
Peiia ;  Antonio  Jose  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

Francisco  Vigil  to  Bernardo  Lucero.  1793.  Land  in 
Rancho  de  Las  Trampas.  Testimonio  certified  by  Juan 
de  Dios  Pena,  Alcalde. 

468  BERNARDO  LUCERO.  1820. 

No.  467,  q.  v.  No.  467  also  for  signatures  of  the  members 
of  the  Ayuntamiento  de  Taos,  q.  v. 

469  ANTONIO  ANALLA  and  JOSE  SANDOVAL  to  Juan 
Jose  Lujan.     1827. 

Land  in  the  CaTion  of  the  Santa  Fe  river  granted  to  San- 
tiago Ramirez.  Juan  Vigil,  Alcalde;  Luis  Benavides; 
Juan  Diego  Sena. 

Santiago  Ramirez  was  a  brother  of  Jose  Serafin  Ramirez, 
whose  full  name  was  Jose  Serafin  Ramirez  y  Casanova.  He 
was  a  native  of  Chihuahua. 

470  JUAN  LUCERO. 

Will,  Santa  Fe,  1827.  Joseph  Maria  Martinez,  Alcalde. 
Jose  Vitervo  Ortiz,  Domingo  Fernandez. 

471  MARIA  FRANCISCA  LOVATO. 

Will,  Santa  Fe,  1830.  Jose  Ignacio  Ortiz,  Alcalde.  Ben- 
tura  Montoya,  Victorino  Padilla. 

472  JOHN  S.  LANGHAM  vs.  the  Ayuntamiento  of  Santa 
Fe.     1837. 

In  regard  to  fencing  the  Cienega.  Albino  Perez,  Gover- 
nor.    J.  M.  Alarid,  Secretary.     Juan  Garcia,  Alcalde. 

473  ANTONIO  LERUD  (Antoine  Leroux).     1844. 

Grant.  Land  in  Los  Valles  de  Santa  Getrudis  de  lo  de 
Mora.     Law  of  April  30,  1842.     Articles  13  and  15,  q.  v. 


144   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Tomas  Ortiz,  Alcalde.  Maurieio  Duran,  Miguel  Antonio 
Lobato. 

Antoine  Leroux  was  the  grantee  of  a  grant  of  that 
name.  All  of  the  grant  to  the  pueblo  of  Picuries  is  in- 
cluded within  the  limits  of  this  grant.  There  is  no  con- 
flict with  the  survey  of  the  Taos  Pueblo  Grant  which  lies 
only  a  short  distance  to  the  east. 

In  1905-1907  another  survey  was  made  and  the  new 
survey  makes  a  conflict  with  the  Taos  Grant  while  not  in- 
terfering with  the  Picuries. 

474  CARMEN  LEYBA  to  Antonio  Sena.     Santa  Fe,  1844. 

House  and  lot.     Tomas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

475  ANTONIO  SANCHEZ,  aUas  el  Chopo  vs.  JULIAN 
LUCERO.     1844. 

Question  of  lands  in  Rio  Arnha  county.  Diego  Lucero, 
Juez  de  Paz,  Jose  Sanchez.  Santiago  Flores,  Judge  of  1st 
Instance. 

476  ROQUE  MADRID. 

Grant.  1693.  Land  at  Pueblo  Quemado,  at  or  near 
Santa  Fe.  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponce  de 
Leon,  Governor.  (Seal.)  Antonio  Balverde  Cossio,  Sec- 
retary. 

Refers  to  a  tract  of  land  near  Santa  Fe,  one  of  the 
boundaries  of  which  was  the  "Pueblo  Quemado";  another 
the  "0 jo  fresco." 

The  coat  of  arms  of  General  De  Vargas  is  stamped  on 
this  archive. 

477  DOMINGO  MARTIN. 

Grant.  Santa  Fe,  1695.  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata 
Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon,  Governor. 

478  LUIS  MAESE. 

Grant.  Santa  Fe,  1695.  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata 
Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon,  Governor. 

A  tract  of  land  in  Santa  Fe  ^'el  qual  sitio  esta  en  esta 
Villa  en  el  puehlo  quemado,  con  solar  de  casa  y  huerta  y 
media  fanega  de  sembradura  asta  el  arroio.'^ 

479  DOMINGO  MARTIN  and  ANA  LUJAN.     Santa  Fe, 

1705. 

Compromise  in  the  matter  of  a  grant  made  to  them  by 
Governor  de  Vargas.     Francisco  Romero  de  Pedraza,  Al- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    145 

calde.  Joseph  de  Atienza  Alcala  y  Escobar.  Joseph  de 
Contreras. 

480  ALEXO  MARTIN  and  his  wife  Maria  de  la  Roche  to 
Jose  Castellanos.     Santa  Fe,  1701. 

House  and  land.  Testimonio  certified  by  Xptobal  de  Gon- 
gora,  Clerk  of  the  Cabildo. 

481  ANTONIO  MONTOYA  vs.   SALVADOR  MATHIAS 

DE  RIBERA. 

Question  of  lands.  Santa  Fe,  1704.  El  Marques  de  la 
Naba  de  Brazinas,  Lorenzo  de  Madrid,  Joseph  Manuel  Gil- 
toiney,  Antonio  de  Aguilera  Isasi,  Alphonso  Rael  de 
Aguilar.  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Alcalde.  Xpttobal  de 
Arellano,  Antonio  Lueero  de  Godoy,  Xpttobal  de  Gon- 
gora. 

482  RAMON  GARCIA  JURADO  to  Captain  Felix  Mar- 
tinez.    Santa  Fe,  1706. 

House  and  land.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  Juan 
de  Ulibarri,  Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar. 

483  FELIX  MARTINEZ  to  Diego  de  Beetia.     Santa  Fe, 

1706. 

House  and  land.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  An- 
tonio Duran  de  Armijo,  Xpttobal  de  Gongora. 

ANA  LUJAN.     Santa  Fe,  1700. 

Re-validation  of  her  grant.  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero, 
Governor.  Domingo  de  la  Barreda,  Secretary.  Ana  Lu- 
jan  to  Diego  de  Vectia,  Santa  Fe,  1701.  House  and  land. 
Testimonio.     Certified  to  by  Joseph  Rodriguez,  Alcalde. 

Diego  de  Vectia  to  Francisco  Rico.  Santa  Fe,  1703. 
House  and  land.  Lorenzo  de  Madrid,  Alcalde.  Xpttobal 
de  Gongora,  Juan  de  Chabes. 

Diego  de  Vectia  to  Martin  Garcia,  Santa  Fe,  1702. 

Land.  Testimonio ;  Certified  by  Joseph  Rodriguez,  Al- 
calde. Martin  Garcia.  1702.  Conveys  to  Maria  de  la 
Encarnacion.  Francisco  Rico  to  Captain  Felix  Martinez. 
Santa  Fe,  1705.  House  and  land.  Juan  de  Ulibarri,  Al- 
calde.    Francisco  Belarde,  Matheo  de  la  Pena. 

484  JOSEPHA  LUJAN  to  Sebastian  Martin,  1707. 

Rancho  above  San  Juan  de  los  Caballeros.  Granted  to  her 
deceased  husband  by  the  Marques  de  la  Naba  Brazinas. 
Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar,  Alcalde. 


146   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

485  ROQUE    MADRID    vs.    SYLVESTRE    PACHECO. 

Santa  Fe,  1708. 

No  action  taken.     Rubric  of  the  Marques  de  la  Penuela. 

486  ROQUE    MADRID    vs.    SYLVESTRE    PACHECO. 
Santa  Fe,  1708. 

No  final  action.  Joseph  Chacon  IMedina  Villaseiior,  Mar- 
ques de  la  Penuela.  Gaspar  Gutierres  de  los  Rios,  Sec- 
retary. 

487  SILVESTRE  PACHECO  to  Antonio  Montoya.     San- 
ta Fe,  1708. 

Land  about  a  league  down  the  river  (Rio  Santa  Fe). 
Ignacio  de  Roibal,  Alcalde.  Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar, 
Francisco  Ignacio  Gomez  Robledo. 

Describes  a  tract  of  land  about  one  league  down  the  river 
from  Santa  Fe  and  which  extended  from  a  cottonwood  tree 
to  the  Puehlo  Quemado. 

488  ROQUE    MADRID    vs.    SYLVESTRE    PACHECO. 

Santa  Fe,  1708. 

Compromise.  Ignacio  de  Roibal,  Alcalde.  Antonio  Mon- 
toya. 

489  MAGDALENA  de  OGAMA  to  Salvador  Montoya.  San- 
ta Fe,  1711. 

Land.     Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

Describes  a  piece  of  land  on  the  west  side  of  the  prin- 
cipal plaza  at  Santa  Fe,  which  land,  on  the  north  side,  ad- 
joined the  main  ditch  which  ran  along  the  edge  of  this 
fortress  and  castle. 

490  FRANCISCO  MARTIN  vs.  CRISTOVAL  MARTIN, 

1711-1712. 

Question  of  lands  in  Rio  Arriba.  El  Marques  de  la  Pen- 
uela, Miguel  Thenorio  de  Alva,  Manuel  Ramon  Ipalenzia, 
Xpttobal  de  Gongora.  Juan  de  Ulibarri,  Alcalde.  Juan 
de  Atienza,  Jose  Manuel  Giltomey,  Francisco  Montes  y 
Vigil,  Francisco  de  Rivera  (Derrivera),  Miguel  de  Dias 
(Dios).  Roque  Madrid,  Alcalde.  Juan  Paez  Hurtado, 
Teniente  de  Gobierno  and  Captain-General.  Juan  Ig- 
nacio Flores  Mogollon,  Governor.  Roque  de  Pintto,  Sec- 
retary of  Government  and  War. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   147 

491  ANTONIA  de  MORAGA  vs.  JUANA  de  SOSA  CANE- 
LA.     Santa  Fe,  1713. 

Question  of  a  piece  of  land  in  the  Cienega.  Juan  Ignacio 
Flores  Mogollon,  Governor;  Roque  de  Pintto,  Secretary; 
Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo ;  Roque  Madrid ;  Pedro  Rodri- 
guez Cubero,  Governor;  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Alcalde; 
Tomas  Jiron  de  Texeda ;  Xpttobal  de  Arellano ;  Domingo 
de  la  Barreda,  Secretary. 

Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon, 
Governor.  Miguel  de  Quintana.  Two  signatures;  differ- 
ence in  them ;  q.  v. 

In  the  depositions  of  two  witnesses  reference  is  made  to 
the  ' '  church  which  is  now  ( 1713 )  being  built  in  Santa  Fe. ' ' 

492  MATEO  de  ORTEGA  to  Manuel  Martin.     Santa  Fe, 
1712. 

Land  at  Chimayo.  Manuel  Albares  Castrillon,  Xpttobal 
de  Gongora,  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

493  GONZALO  JOSEPH  HOYO  de  MENDOZA.     Fran- 
cisco Bueno  de  Bohorques.     Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar. 

Registration  of  a  mine  in  Rio  Arnha.  1713.  Don  Juan 
Ignacio  Flores  Mogollon,  Governor. 

494  CLEMENTE  MONTOYA. 

Will.  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Canada..  1753.  Testimonio. 
Certified  by  Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Alcalde. 

495  FRANCISCA  de  MISQUIA. 

Will.  Santa  Fe,  1714.  Francisco  Joseph  Bueno  de  Bo- 
horques, Alcalde.  Miguel  de  Sandobal  Martinez,  Juan 
Manuel  Chirinos. 

496  ANTONIA  de  MORAGA  vs.  XPTTOBAL  and  FRAN- 
CISCO MARTIN. 

Question  of  boundaries  of  land  at  Chimayo.  Ignacio  de 
Roybal,  Alcalde;  Francisco  de  Ribera;  Francisco  de  la 
Mora;  Mogollon,  Governor. 

497  FRANCISCO  de  ANAYA  ALMAZAN. 

Grant,  1693.     Reported  Claim  No.  115,  q.  v. 

498  ANTONIO  GODINES  to  Pedro  Montes  de  Oca. 

House  and  lot.     Francisco  Joseph  Bueno  de  Bohorques, 


148   THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Alcalde;  Juan  de  la  Mora  Pineda;  Diego  Marques   de 
Ayala. 

Description  of  a  house  on  the  main  street  of  Santa  Fe  as 
follows :  "  j&H  la  Calle  Real  que  ha  de  la  plaza  a  la  Yglesia 
nueha  q  se  esta  fahricando." 

499  FRANCISCO  MONTES  y  VIGIL  and  wife  to  Maria 
Vigil,  et  al,  1715. 

Donation  of  cattle.     Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar,  Antonio 
Duran  de  Armijo,  Juan  de  la  Mora  Pineda. 

The  translation  appearing  below  appeared  first  in  the 
Land  of  Sunshine^  vol.  viii,  no.  3,  February,  1898,  at  the 
time  edited  by  Dr.  Charles  F.  Lummis : 
"Letter  from  Fr.  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo 

' '  Sir  Governor  and  Captain  General  —  My  Lord : 

' '  I  report  to  your  Lordship  how  this  day  and  date  seven 
Cumanches  entered  this  Pueblo;  among  them  the  Cap- 
tain Panfilo.  They  tell  me  they  have  come  in  quest  of 
tobacco;  that  their  village  is  composed  of  a  hundred 
lodges,  pitched  on  the  Jicarilla  river,  where  they  are 
tanning  (buffalo)  hides,  so  as  to  come  in  and  barter  as 
soon  as  the  snow  shall  decrease  in  the  mountains.  This 
is  what  they  tell  me.  There  is  nothing  else  to  report  to 
your  Lordship,  whom  our  Lord  Preserve  for  many  years. 
Taos,  Feb.  27,  1748.  I  kiss  the  hand  of  Your  Lordship. 
Your  humble  servant.  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo. 

'^  Since  the  above  was  written  one  Curaanche  of  the 
seven  who  have  come,  has  related  to  me  in  the  house  of 
Alonzito  that  33  Frenchmen  have  come  to  their  village 
and  sold  them  plenty  of  muskets  in  exchange  for  mules; 
that  as  soon  as  this  trade  was  made,  the  Frenchmen  de- 
parted for  their  own  country,  and  that  only  two  remain 
in  the  village  to  come  in  with  the  Cumanches  when  they 
come  hither  to  barter." 

"Opinion  of  the  Goveryior 

"Most  Excellent  Sir: — By  the  testimony  subjoined, 
which  is  from  the  original  letter  containing  it,  which  the 
sovereignty  of  your  excellency  will  please  to  see,  it  ap- 
pears that  forty  leagues  distant,  more  or  less,  (according 
to  some  settlers)  from  the  Pueblo  of  San  Geronimo  de 
Taos,  there  are  pitched  a  hundred  lodges  of  the  hostile 
Gentiles,  of  the  Cumanche  nation;  and  that  seven  of 
these  Indians  arrived  at  the  above  mentioned  Pueblo 
(Taos)  with  the  news  that  33  Frenchmen  were,  some  days 
before,  on  the  said  Jicarilla  river,  where  are  the  aforesaid 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    149 

one  hundred  lodges;  which  Frenchmen  sold  to  the  afore- 
said Cumanches  plenty  of  muskets  in  exchange  for  mules. 
And  soon  as  this  barter  was  effected,  said  Frenchmen  de- 
parted for  their  own  country,  only  two  of  them  remain- 
ing in  the  village  of  the  Cumanches  to  come  in  with  them 
to  trade  in  the  Pueblo  of  Taos;  as  these  hostile  savages 
have  done  on  other  occasions.  And  since  it  is  to  be  feared 
that  if  these  Frenchmen  insinuate  themselves  into  this 
Kingdom  they  may  cause  some  uprising  —  as  was  at- 
tempted by  a  Frenchman  named  Luis  Maria,  who  with 
eight  of  his  own  nation  entered  this  Kingdom  in  the 
former  year  of  1742,  coming  by  the  same  route  of  the 
Jicarilla  to  the  Pueblo  of  Taos  and  for  it  was  shot  in  the 
public  square  in  this  Capitol  town  of  Santa  Fe,  in  virtue 
of  sentence  by  the  superior  government  of  this  New  Spain ; 
and  in  the  said  year,  seven  of  these  nine  Frenchmen  re- 
turned to  their  country  by  a  different  route  from  that  by 
which  they  came  here;  and  it  is  very  natural  that,  re- 
maining several  months  in  this  Kingdom,  they  should 
learn  the  'lay  of  the  land'  and  its  circvimstances.  One 
of  them,  named  Juan  de  Alari,  has  remained  in  this  said 
town,  is  married  and  has  children,  comporting  himself 
honorably  as  a  man  of  substance. 

"Likewise  I  give  account  to  Your  Excellency  that  in 
the  month  of  June,  of  the  year  1744,  a  Frenchman  by  the 
name  of  Santiago  Velo,  penetrated  this  Kingdom  and  ar- 
rived at  the  Pueblo  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Porciuncula  of 
Pecos.  As  soon  as  I  received  the  news,  I  despatched  the 
sargent  and  two  soldiers  to  bring  him  to  me  in  this  Town 
(Santa  Fe),  where  I  took  his  declaration.  And  without 
the  knowledge  of  any  person  I  forwarded  that  declaration 
To  The  Most  Excellent  Sir  Count  of  Fuenclara,  your  excel- 
lency's predecessor  (as  viceroy  of  Mexico)  along  with  the 
judicial  procedures  duly  had  thereon.  Of  this  French- 
man's whereabouts  I  have  had  no  further  inforaiation, 
save  what  was  given  me  by  the  Captain  of  the  Royal  Gar- 
rison at  El  Paso,  on  the  Rio  del  Norte  (Rio  Grande), 
whose  receipt  I  hold,  acknowledging  have  sent  him  to  the 
Governor  of  New  Biscay. 

"Most  Excellent  Sir:  —  By  the  zeal  which  assists  me  in 
the  service  of  their  Majesties  (the  King  and  Queen  of 
Spain)  and  for  the  tranquility,  peace  and  well  being 
of  the  poor  dwellers  in  this  said  Kingdom  (let  me  say). 
Noting  that  it  is  wholly  surrounded  by  various  nations 
of  hostile  savages,  who  harrass  it ;  and  particularly  how 
numerous  and  w^arlike  are  the  Cumanches,  Avhose  regular 


150   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

entrances  to  this  Kingdom  are  by  way  of  the  Jicarilla 
river  —  and  that  on  these  two  occasions  the  French  have 
likewise  penetrated  by  the  same  route,  this  last  time  join- 
ing the  Gentile  Cumanches  on  the  aforesaid  Jicarilla 
river  —  there  is  reason  to  fear  some  conspiracy.  This 
would  be  irreparable,  by  the  slight  military  forces  that 
are  in  this  said  Kingdom  for  its  defense.  Particularly 
as  the  said  Gentile  Cumanches  now  find  themselves  with 
fire-arms,  which  the  French  have  sold  them,  as  hereinbe- 
fore set  forth.  I  remind  your  Excellencies  high  compre- 
hension that  in  the  by-gone  year,  1720,  when  Don  An- 
tonio Valverde  was  governor  of  this  Kingdom  he  ordered, 
under  superior  mandate  of  his  Lordship,  the  then  viceroy 
of  this  New  Spain,  that  a  force  of  soldiers,  settlers  and 
Indians  should  go  to  reconnoitre  where  the  French  were 
located.  But  the  French  ambushed  our  said  force  and 
killed  more  than  thirty  of  them,  soldiers,  settlers  and  In- 
dians, besides  wounding  several  who  reached  this  said 
town.  For  which  reason,  and  many  others  which  I  omit, 
that  I  may  not  weary  your  Excellency's  attention,  I  deem 
it  very  fitting  and  necessary  that  your  Excellency's  great- 
ness order  the  establishment  of  a  garrison  with  the  en- 
dowment of  fifty  mounted  soldiers,  including  captain  and 
subaltern  officers  at  a  point  called  the  Jicarilla,  distant 
from  the  said  Pueblo  of  Taos  twenty  leagues.  This  loca- 
tion is  very  convenient,  as  to  lands,  water,  pasturage  and 
timber.  Here  were  located,  in  times  past,  the  Indians  of 
the  Jicarilla  nation  (a  branch  of  the  Apaches),  who  were 
numerous  and  had  houses,  palisade  huts  and  other  shel- 
ters. Thence  the  Gentile  Cumanches  despoiled  them,  kill- 
ing most  of  them ;  the  few  that  remained  of  said  Jicarillas 
have  sheltered  and  maintained  themselves  in  peace  nearby 
the  Pueblos  of  Taos  and  Pecos,  with  their  families.  Said 
site  of  the  Jicarilla  is  the  pass  (or  defile)  ;  literally 
'throat'  (for  shutting  of  the  aforesaid  populous  nation  of 
Cumanches  —  and  the  French,  if  they  tried  to  make  any 
entrance  to  this  said  Kingdom. 

"Furthermore,  I  notify  your  Excellency  of  the  hap- 
penings in  the  Pueblo  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Porciuncula 
of  Pecos,  on  the  twenty-first  of  January  last  past.  Which 
whole  affair  is  established  by  the  accompanying  deposi- 
tion of  the  Rev.  Fr.  Lorenzo  Antonio  Estremera,  an  eye- 
witness of  it  all,  which  I  forward.  In  view  of  which, 
your  Excellency  will  please  approve  the  action  taken  by 
me  in  said  engagement,  or  give  such  orders  as  shall  be  in 


THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   151 

your  Excellency 's  pleasure.  This  is  how  it  has  seemed  to 
me ;  especially,  as  I  have  said,  to  represent  to  your  Ex- 
cellency its  expediency.  This  is  my  duty,  that  the  sover- 
eign will  of  your  Excellency  may  determine  with  your 
great  equity,  as  shall  seem  best  to  you,  which  will  be,  as 
always,  the  best  way. 

"Villa  de  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico,  March  4,  1748. 

"Don  Joaquin  Codallos  y  Rabal" 

This  copy  agrees  with  the  original  deposition,  letter  and 
opinion  which  I,  the  Colonel  Don  Joaquin  Codallos  y 
Rabal,  governor  and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom  of 
New  Mexico,  have  forwarded  to  the  superior  government 
of  this  New  Spain.  The  witnesses  who  saw  it  drawn, 
corrected  and  compared  were  Sebastian  de  Apodaca, 
Lucas  Miguel  de  Moia,  and  Domingo  Valdez;  and  that  it 
be  certain,  I  have  signed  it  in  this  Villa  de  Santa  Fe, 
March  6th,  1748 ;  acting  as  actuary  wdth  the  witnesses  of 
my  staff,  for  want  of  a  notary  public  or  royal  notary  — 
whereof  there  is  not  one  in  this  kingdom.  I  pledge  my 
faith. 

In  witness  of  the  truth  I  have  signed  it  with  my  ac- 
customed signature.  Joaquin  Codallos  y  Rabal 
Witness  Felipe  Jacobo  Unanue 
Witness  Miguel  de  Alike 

500  ANTONIO  MONTOYA. 

Petition  for  lands  between  Santo  Bomingo  and  San 
Felipe.     1716.     No  final  action. 

Captain  Felix  Martinez,  Governor.  Joseph  de  Quin- 
tana. 

Petition  by  Antonio  Montoya  for  lands  which  were  the 
surplusage  of  the  lands  of  the  pueblos  of  Santo  Do- 
mingo and  San  Felipe,  "on  the  other  side  of  the  Rio  del 
Norte." 

This  petition  was  presented,  on  March  18,  1716,  to 
Governor  Felix  Martinez,  who  ordered  Manuel  Baca,  chief 
alcalde  of  the  puehlos  of  San  Felipe,  Santo  Domingo,  and 
Cochiti,  to  examine  the  lands  asked  for,  to  inform  the  In- 
dians of  San  Felipe  and  Santo  Domingo  in  regard  to  the 
petition  made  by  Montoya,  and  to  report  what  they  had 
to  say  about  the  matter. 

The  alcalde  reported  that  the  Indians  said  that  they 
wanted  their  league  measured  so  that  they  might  know 
what  belonged  to  them.  Here  the  proceeding  ends  ab- 
ruptly. 


152    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

501  FRANCISCO  MARTIN. 

Grant.  1716.  Land  at  Chimayo.  Xptobal  Martin  and 
Felipe  Moraga,  q.  v.  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  Governor ; 
Alonsso  Barela ;  Don  Juan  Ignacio  Flores  Mogollon,  Gov- 
ernor; Francisco  Ribera;  Sebastian  Martin;  Roque 
Madrid;  Pedro  de  Morales,  Secretary;  Miguel  de  Quin- 
tana;  Joseph  Manuel  Giltomey;  Xtobal  Torres;  Salvador 
Martinez. 

502  LORENZO  MADRID. 

Will,  Santa  Fc,  1716.  Juan  Garsia  de  la  Riva,  Alcalde; 
Manuel  Chiriiios. 

503  ANTONIO  MARTINEZ. 

Grant.    1716.    Reported  Claim  No.  116,  q.  v. 

504  XPTOBAL    MARTIN   vs.    FRANCISCO    MARTIN, 

1717. 

Land  at  Chimayo.  Felipe  Moraga,  q.  v.  Juan  Paez  Hur- 
tado,  Captain-General ;  Juan  Garsia  de  la  Rivas,  Alcalde ; 
Miguel  Thenorio  de  Alba,  Sec. ;  Juan  de  Atiensa ;  Fran- 
cisco de  la  Mora. 

505  JUANA  DE  ARGUELLO  to  Josepha  Martin.     Santa 

Fe,  1718. 

Donation  of  land.  Francisco  Bueno  de  Bohorques  y  Cor- 
cuera,  Alcalde. 

506  DIEGO  ARIAS  de  QUIROS  to  Francisco  de  Mestas, 

1720. 

Donation  of  land  in  Cuyamungue.  Francisco  Joseph 
Bueno  de  Bohorquez  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 

507  ANTONIO  MARTIN. 

Land  at  Alhurquerque.  Possession  not  given.  Don  Juan 
Domingo  de  Bustamante,  Governor.  Manuel  de  Cruciaga, 
Secretary. 

508  JOSEPH  DE  QUINTANA,  mth  consent  of  Josepha  Se- 

dano,  to  Juan  Lorenzo  de  Medina.     Santa  Fe,  1722. 

Land.  Francisco  Bueno  Bohorques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 
Tomas  Xiron  de  Tegeda ;  Joseph  de  Quintana. 

Joseph  Sedano.  Santa  Fe,  1721.  Protest  against  above 
conveyance.  Francisco  Bueno  de  Bohorques  y  Corcuera, 
Alcalde.    Juan  Manuel  Chiriiios. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    153 

509  MIGUEL  MARTIN  and  JOSEPH  de  ATIENZA. 

Compromise  as  to  boundaries  of  lands  in  the  Canada  de 
Santa  Cruz.  1722.  Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar;  Miguel 
de  Quintana. 

510  DIMAS  XIRON  de  TEXEDA  and  Maria  Domingues, 

his  wife,  to  Sebastian  Martin.     1723. 

A  tract  of  land  in  the  jurisdiction  of  Taos.  Francisco 
Bueno  de  Bohorquez  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde.  Juan  Rael  de 
Aguilar;  Juan  Joseph  Moreno. 

511  ANDRES  MONTOYA  to  Joseplia  Montoya.     Santa 
Fe,  1725. 

Donation  of  land.  Miguel  Joseph  de  la  Bega  y  Coca, 
Alcalde.    Juan  Joseph  Lobato ;  Juan  Manuel  Chiriiios. 

512  SALVADOR  MONTOYA. 

Will.  Santa  Fe.  1727.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 
Juan  Manuel  Chiriiios;  Miguel  de  Sandobal. 

513  DIEGO  MARQUES. 

Will.     Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.    1729. 

Joseph  IMiguel  Marques  de  Ayala ;  Dimas  Giron  de  Tege- 
da ;  Juan  Domingo  de  Bustamante,  Governor ;  Fray  Man- 
uel de  Sopena ;  Antonio  de  Gruciaga. 

514  MARIA  DE  MOYA  to  Getrudis  Montes  y  Vigil.     Santa 

Fe,  1729. 

House  and  land.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  Juan 
Manuel  Chiriiios. 

515  CRISTOBAL  MARTIN  vs.  FRANCISCO  MARTIN. 

1731. 

Question  of  boundaries  of  land  at  Santa  Cruz.  Felipe 
Moraga,  q.  v.  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor. 
Miguel  de  Quintana;  Juan  Antonio  de  Vnuane. 

516  JUANA  DE  AN  ALL  A  to  Jose  Montaiio.     Alburquer- 
que,  1731. 

Land.    Juan  Gonzales  Bas,  Alcalde.    Joseph  de  Quintana. 

517  JOSEPH  FRANCISCO  MONTOYA  vs.  BALTAZAR 

ROMERO.     1733. 

Question  of  a  tract  of  land  at  Pajarito.  His  grandfather, 
Miguel  Garcia  de  la  Ribas,  registered  the  Pajarito  Tract. 


154   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor.  Juan  Antonio  de 
Vnanue;  Isidro  Sanches;  Gaspar  Bitton;  Juan  Gonzales 
Bas,  Alcalde;  Pedro  de  Chabes,  Alcalde. 

518  GERONIMO  and  IGNACIO  MARTIN,  Juan  de  Gam- 
boa  and  Pascual  and  Tomas  de  Manzanares,  all  of 
Chama. 

Grant.  Land  above  Ahiquni.  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Act- 
ing Governor.    1735.    Diego  de  Vgartte. 

This  grant  was  revoked  by  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora, 
Governor. 

519  JACINTO  MARTIN  and  JOSEPH  GARCIA. 

Grant.     1735.     Land  in  a  place  called  Cieneguilla  in  the 
county  of  Taos.     Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Acting  Governor. 
Revoked  by  Governor  Cruzat  y  Gongora. 

520  VENTURA  de  MESTAS  vs.  Antonio  de  Beitia.     1736. 

Question  of  lands  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ojo  Caliente.  Ger- 
vasio Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor.     Gaspar  Bitton. 

It  appears  that  Antonio  Martin  also  had  a  grant  at  this 
place. 

On  the  first  page  we  find  ^'Por  la  parte  del  sur  con  el 
pasa  del  rrio  que  llaman  el  bado. ' '  Shows  that  the  use  of 
the  word  ^^paso"  is  identical  with  that  used  in  the  name  of 
the  city  of  El  Paso  del  Rio  del  Norte,  meaning  "ford"  or 
' '  crossing. ' ' 

521  REPORT  on  the  condition  of  the  property  of  Felix  Mar- 
tinez, Governor,  deceased.  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 
Item  No.  1105,  q.  v. 

522  DIEGO  ARIAS  de  QUIROS  to  Francisco  Xavier  de 

Mestas. 

Donation  of  land  in  Cuyamungue.  1738.  Antonio  Mon- 
toya, Alcalde.     Joseph  de  Riano. 

523  CRISTOBAL  MARTIN  vs.  Francisco  Martin.     1738. 

Question  of  lands.  No.  515,  q.  v.  Henrique  de  Olavide  y 
Michelena,  Governor.  Pedro  Joseph  de  Leon;  Gervasio 
Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor ;  Balthazar  Montoya ;  Miguel 
de  Quintana. 

524  GERONIMO  MARTIN.     1739. 

Revocation  of  grant  made  to  him  at  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   155 

Cruz  by  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Acting  Governor.    Revoca- 
tion by  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor. 

In  his  paper  the  governor  says:  ''por  quanta  mande 
recojer  por  siertos  motivos  que  para  ello  tube,  las  mer- 
sedes  de  tierras  que  dio  el  Theniente  General  Don  Juan 
Paez  Hurtado,  en  el  tiempo  que  yo  estava  hasiendo  la 
visita,"  etc. 

525  ANTONIA  DOMINGUEZ  MENDOZA  to  Maria  Mada- 
lena  Medina.     1740. 

Land  in  Santa  Fe.  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde.  Baltazar 
Montoya. 

526  ANDRES  MONTOYA.     Cieneguilla.     1740. 

Will.  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Alcalde.  Joseph  Miguel  de  la 
Peiia ;  Gregorio  Garduiio ;  Juan  Orttis. 

527  CATARINA  MAESE. 

Grant.  1742.  Land  on  the  other  side  of  the  Santa  Fe 
river.  Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza,  Governor.  Gre- 
gorio Garduiio. 

528  ANTONIO  MONTOYA.     Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz. 

Will.  1749.  Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Alcalde.  Salbador 
Barela. 

With  this  also  are: 

Bartolome  Lovato.  Petition.  1703.  Claim  for  an 
Apache  woman  from  Captain  Xptobal  de  Arellano. 

El  Marques  de  la  Naba  Brazinas,  Governor. 

529  JACINTO  MARTIN  Juan  Francisco  Martin. 

Phelipe  Bustamante  Antonio  Martin 

Relative  to  the  settlement  of  lands  near  the  pueblo  of  the 
Picuries.     1744.     Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor. 

530  MARGARITA  MARTIN.     Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz. 
1744. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  her  estate. 
Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor.    Francisco  de  Roa  y 
Carrillo;  Juan  Garcia  de  la  Mora;  Joseph  Antonio  de  la 
Thorre ;  Carlos  Fernandez ;  Francisco  Ortiz,  Alcalde ;  Juan 
Joseph  Pacheco ;  Francisco  Orttiz,  Alcalde. 

531  FRAY  JUAN  MIGUEL  MENCHERO.     1748. 

Petition  relating  to  confiscated  property  of  criminal  In- 
dians.    Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor. 


156    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Petition  by  Father  Juan  Miguel  Menehero,  asking  that 
certain  property,  which  had  been  confiscated  from  persons 
guilty  of  various  crimes,  should  be  turned  over  to  him 
(after  the  payment  of  the  necessary  fees  incident  to  the 
legal  proceedings),  to  be  applied  to  the  reestablishment  of 
the  then  deserted  pueblo  of  Sandia. 

Governor  Codallos  y  Rabal  on  April  19,  1748,  decided 
that  he  did  not  have  authority  to  grant  the  petition,  but  ad- 
vised the  priest  to  apply  to  the  viceroy,  to  vs^hom  the  decision 
of  the  disposition  of  the  confiscated  property  belonged. 

The  only  important  thing  in  the  document  is  that  the 
pueblo  of  Sandia  had  been  deserted,  and  was  then  being 
reestablished,  with  a  view  to  gathering  together  the  Mo- 
qui  Indians,  who  were  scattered  about  among  the  different 
pueblos  of  the  kingdom. 

In  this  it  appears  that  the  pueblo  of  Sandia  had  been  de- 
serted and  in  (1748)  was  being  reestablished.  It  also 
shows  that  certain  property  of  the  Indians  of  Cochiti, 
Tesuque,  and  San  Juan  had  been  confiscated  because  the 
owners  had  been  guilty  of  Use  majeste  and  other  crimes. 

532  SALVADOR  MARTINEZ.     1748.     Petition. 

Complains  of  having  been  dispossessed  of  his  property, 
houses  and  lands,  at  the  "Vega  of  Sandia,"  by  the  priests. 
Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor.  Fray  Juan  Miguel 
de  Menehero;  Phelipe  Jacobo  Vnanue;  Miguel  de  Alire; 
Fray  Joseph  Juan  Hernandez. 

Petition  of  Salvador  Martinez  to  have  restored  to  him 
certain  lands,  houses,  etc.,  which  he  alleged  had  been  given 
to  the  Indians  who  were  brought  from  Moqui  to  Sandia 
in  1742,  by  the  friars  Carlos  Delgado  and  Pedro  Pino. 

The  petition  was  denied  by  Governor  Codallos  on  July 
13,  1748,  apparently  for  the  reason  that  the  petitioner  had 
not  made  any  protest  at  the  time  he  alleged  his  property 
was  given  to  the  Indians,  and  also  because  he  had  suffered 
no  real  injury,  having  more  desirable  property  elsewhere. 

This  indicates  that  the  Indians  were  brought  from  Moqui 
to  the  neighborhood  of  the  deserted  pueblo  of  Sandia  in 
1742  under  the  direction  of  the  frayles,  Carlos  Delgado 
and  Pedro  Pino;  also  shows  that  this  region  was  exposed 
to  raids  from  the  Faraon  Apaches. 

533  VENTURA  de  ME  ST  AS,  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz. 
1748.  Vs.  Juan  Antonio  Lujan,  Manuela  Beytia  and 
Salvador  de  Torres. 

Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor.    Juan  de  Beytia,  Al- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    157 

calde.  Vincente  Ginzo  Ron  y  Thobar;  Joseph  Homo  de 
Vera;  Antonio  de  Armenta;  Leonardo  de  la  Cruz;  Fran- 
cisco Gomez  del  Castillo. 

534  ANTONIO  MARTIN.     Chimatjo.     1748. 

Question  of  lands  with  Martin  Fernandez.  ' '  vecino  de  tan 
sumamente  mat  corazon.  Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Gov- 
ernor. Vincente  Ginzo  Ron  y  Thobar ;  Juan  de  Beytia, 
Alcalde ;  Martin  Balerio ;  Francisco  Gomez  del  Castillo. 

535  LORENZO  MARTIN,  of  El  Paso  del  Norte,  to  Fran- 
cisco Martin,  1749. 

Land  in  Chimayo.  Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Alcalde.  Mar- 
tin Valerio. 

536  ROSA  MARTINA  FERNANDEZ.     Villa  Nueva  de 
Santa  Cruz.     1750. 

Will.  Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Alcalde.  Salvador  Varela ; 
Alonzo  Sandoval. 

537  ANTONIO  de  SALAZAR  to  Pedro  Martin.     1750. 

House  and  land  in  '^ Corral  de  Piedra."  Juan  Joseph 
Lobato,  Procurador  General.  Juan  Joseph  Jaques;  Juan 
Domingo  Lovato. 

538  MANUEL  de  la  ROSA  to  Pedro  Martin.     1751. 

Land  in  Abiquiu.  Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Procurador  Gen- 
eral.   Juan  Domingo  Lovato;  Juan  Tnijillo. 

539  MANUEL  BACA  to  Josefa  Montoya.    1751. 

Land  in  '' Canada  de  Guicu.  ques  el  lindero  un  alamo 
grande  de  o  gare  donda  y  por  lo  que  mira  de  norte  a  sur 
lo  que  resa  la  nierced  o  venta  real  del  Pnesto  de  la  Ciene- 
guilla."    Manuel  Gallegos,  Alcalde.    Pedro  Tafoya. 

540  ANTONIO  MARTIN  vs.  Martin  Valerio.      Chimayo. 
1751. 

Question  of  boundaries.  Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Alcalde. 
Juan  Andres  de  Avalos. 

541  CRISTOBAL  AMESTAS  (Mestas)  for  himself  and  his 

father,  Mateo  Mestas,  and  his  brothers  vs.  Ventura  de 

Mestas.     Jurisdiction  de  la  Canada.     1752. 

Question  of  lands.  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor. 
Nicolas  de  Orttiz. 


158   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

542  CASILDA   de   MESTAS   and   JUAN   PEDRO    SIS- 

neros  to  Ventura  de  Mestas.     1754. 

"TJim  parte  considerable  de  tien'a"  on  the  Chama  river, 
above  the  Rio  del  Oso.  Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Alcalde. 
Juan  Domingo  Lovato ;  Francisco  Baldes  y  Bustos. 

543  CRISTOBAL  MARTIN  to  Marcos  Martin.  Villa  Nu- 
eva  de  Santa  Cruz.     1753. 

Land.     Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Alcalde.     Miguel  Salazar. 

544  MARIA  de  HERRERA  to  Manuel  Dias  del  Castillo 
(alias  Mora).     Santa  Cruz  del  Ojo  Caliente.     1753. 

Lands.    Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Alcalde.    Jose  Martin. 

545  BARTOLOME  TRUGILLO  to  Manuel  Martin.  Abi- 
quiu.     1753. 

Land.    Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Alcalde.    Antonio  Martin. 

546  MIGUEL  MARTIN  SERRANO.    San  Antonio.    Rio 

Arriba  County (?). 

Will.     1752.     Hilario  Archuleta,  Alcalde.     Francisco  Go- 
mez del  Castillo;  Juan  Gomez  del  Castillo. 

547  DOMINGO  de  HERRERA  and  Gertrude  Xaramillo,  his 
wife,  to  Joseph  de  Medina.  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz. 
1753. 

Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Alcalde.     Antonio  Martin. 

548  GREGORIO  LOBATO  to  Bartolome  Marquez.     1754. 

Land  in  Santa  Fe.     Nicolas  Orttiz,  Alcalde.     Juan  An- 
tonio Ortiz. 

549  JOSEPH  and  JUAN  HURTADO  to  Diego  Marquez. 

1754. 

House  and  land  in  Santa  Fe.     Nicolas  Orttiz,  Alcalde. 
Joseph  Maldonado. 

550  JOSEPH  RINCON  to  Bartolome  Marques.  Santa  Fe, 
1755. 

Land  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rio  Santa  Fe. 

Fkancisco  Rael  de  Aguilar  to  the  same.  Same  date. 
Land  adjoining  the  above.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 
Manuel  Vigil;  Estevan  Rodriguez. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    159 

551  IGNACIO  DE  ROYBAL  to  Juan  Minon.     Santa  Fe. 

1755. 

Donation.  Land.  Testimonio.  Certified  by  Francisco 
Guerrero,  Alcalde.    Antonio  Guerrero;  Manuel  Vigil. 

552  JUAN  JOSEPH  MORENO. 

Will.    Santa  Fe.    1756.    Francisco  Marin  del  Valle,  Gov- 
ernor.   Miguel  de  Alire ;  Francisco  Xavier  Fragoso. 
The  preamble  of  this  instrument  is  very  interesting. 

553  BARTOLOME  FERNANDEZ  to  Isidro  Martin.  Santa 

Fe.    1757. 

Land,  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Manuel  Bernardo 
Garvisu;  Phelipe  Sandoval  Fernandez. 

554  JUAN  FRANCISCO  MOYA  to  Lucas  Moya.    Santa  Fe. 

1758. 

House  and  land.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Manuel 
Bernardo  Garvisu ;  Antonio  Guerrero. 

555  ANTONIO  MONTOYA  to  Urbano  Montoya.    Santa  Fe. 

1759. 

Lands  at  a  place  called  Los  Palacios.  Francisco  Guerrero, 
Alcalde. 

556  CRISTOBAL  MARTIN  to  Jose  Maldonado.    Santa  Fe. 

1761. 

House  and  land  on  the  other  side  of  the  Bio  Santa  Fc. 
Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Jose  Miguel  de  la  Pena ; 
Lucas  Moya. 

557  JOAQUIN  MESTAS. 

Petition  to  be  permitted  to  remain  for  a  certain  time  on 
land  occupied  by  him  at  Lagunitas  del  Rio  Puerco.  1762. 
Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor.  Reported  Claims  Nos. 
97  and  101,  q.  v. 

At  Santa  Teresa  de  Jesiis,  Feb.  8,  1768,  Captain  Bar- 
tolome  Fernandez,  chief  alcalde,  placed  Joaquin  Mestas  in 
possession  of  a  tract  of  land,  under  a  grant  from  Governor 
Mendinueta,  upon  ivhich  no  Apaches  were  living,  in  the 
presence  of  Miguel  and  Santiago  Montoya ;  the  Chaco 
Mesa  was  the  western  boundary;  in  measuring  this  land 
the  alcalde  used  a  "cordel,  one  hundred  Castillian  varas 
long."  The  grantees  were  cautioned  by  the  governor  to 
occasion  no  injury  to  the  "Apaches  of  the  Navajo  coun- 


160   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

try,"  and  to  treat  them  with  ''love,  fidelity  and  kindness, 
endeavouring  earnestly  to  bring  them  to  the  pale  of  our 
mother,  the  church,"  with  the  penalty  that  if  such  treat- 
ment was  not  given  the  Indians  the  grant  would  be  for- 
feited. Mestas  recites  that  he  had  a  former  grant  from 
Governor  Marin  del  Valle,  upon  the  Rio  Puerco,  and  had 
been  dispossessed  by  Governor  Cachupin  who  gave  the 
property  to  Captain  Antonio  Baca. 

558  SEBASTIAN   MARTIN   vs.   Manuel   Martin.      Villa 
Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.     1763. 

Question  as  to  the  validity  of  donation  of  lands.  Juan 
Paez  Hurtado,  Governor ;  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Gov- 
ernor; Antonio  de  Beitia,  Juez  Commissionado ;  Carlos 
Fernandez ;  Manuel  Antonio  Lorenz ;  Joseph  Garcia  de 
Mora ;  Matlieo  de  Pefiarredonda. 

559  GETRUDIS  MARTIN.    Intestate.    Santa  Cruz  de  la 
Canada.     1763. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  her  estate.  Cristobal  Madrid, 
son  of  the  deceased ;  Juan  Sanches ;  Francisco  Antonio 
Zisneros;  Carlos  Fernandez,  Alcalde  Mayor, 

560  XPTOBAL  MADRID.     Santa  Fe.     1765. 

Will.  Tomas  Madrid,  Lieutenant.  Francisco  Esquibel, 
Alferez. 

561  GERONIMO    MARTIN    to    Jose    Martin.    Ahiquiu. 

1764. 

Rancho;  boundaries:  Por  el  orients  con  el  lindero  de  los 
Indios :  Por  el  sur,  donde  rezare  la  merced  de  diclio  sitio; 
por  el  poniente  la  orilla  del  estero  en  lo  que  mira  a  lahor; 
el  hordo  del  estero  con  la  mojonera  de  Marcelino,  y  el 
camino  a  libre  al  pie  del  cerrito,  que  esta  al  sur  para  en- 
trar  y  sali  el  hosque  pleyto  de  los  Frijoles  y  la  casa  de 
Marcelino  —  por  la  derecera  de  la  punta  de  la  Mesa  Alta; 
al  poniente;  por  el  norte  el  Rio  de  Chama;  sold  for  $1,668. 
Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.  Lorenzo  Baldes ;  San- 
tiago Martin. 

562  JOSEPH  BACA  to  Joaquin  Mestas.      San  Pedro  de 

Chama.     1784. 

House  and  lands.  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.  Jo- 
seph Lujan. 


\ 


Don  Baltazar  de  Zuniga,  Marques  de  Valero 
Duke  of  Arion,  Viceroy  of  Mexico,  1716-22 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    161 

563  MIGUEL  de  HERRERA  to  Simon  Martin.  Villa  Nueva 

de  Santa  Cruz.     1784. 

House  and  land.  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.  Jo- 
seph Lujan. 

564  MATEO  MESTAS. 

Will.  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Canada.  1764.  Joseph  Esquibel, 
Alcalde.    Luis  Cano  Saenz. 

565  FRANCISCO  MARTIN. 

Will.  San  Antonio  del  Embudo.  1784.  Francisco  An- 
tonio Zisneros,  Alcalde.  Cristobal  Lorenzo  Lobato ;  Julian 
Martin. 

566  JUAN  ANTONIO  FRESQUIS  to  ANTONIO  MAR- 
TIN.    San  Antonio  del  Emhudo.     1765. 

Land  on  El  Rio  del  Norte.  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Al- 
calde.   Manuel  Zamora. 

567  NICOLAS  MARES. 

Will.  Santa  Fe.  1766.  Thomas  Madi'id,  Teniente.  Juan 
Cayetano  Nvuane. 

568  JUAN  PABLO  MARTIN. 

Grant.  Polvadera,  Rio  Arriba  county.  1766.  Reported 
Claim  No.  131,  q.  v. 

569  JOSEPHA  MONTOYA. 

Will.  1766.  Santa  Fe.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 
Francisco  Xavier  Fragoso ;  Juan  Francisco  Niiio  Ladron 
de  Guebara. 

570  QUITERIA  PACHECO  to  Antonio  Madrid.    Santa  Fe. 

1766. 

Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Ignaeio  Xaramillo;  San- 
tiago Frnz  (Fernandez). 

571  MIGUEL  and  SANTIAGO  MONTOYA  vs.  Juan  Pablo 

Martin.     1766. 

In  the  matter  of  the  Polvadera  Tract.  Tomas  Veles  Ca- 
chupin,  Governor ;  Joseph  Maldonado ;  Gaspar  Domingo 
de  Mendoza.  Governor ;  Pedro  Martin  Serrano ;  Lucas 
Manuel  de  Alcala ;  Joseph  Miguel  de  la  Pena ;  Carlos  Fer- 
nandez ;   Joseph   Terms ;   Antonio   de   Herrera ;    Phelipe 


162    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Tafoya,  Procurador;  Juan  Antonio  Ortiz;  Domingo  La- 
badia. 

In  the  year  1767,  Miguel  and  Santiago  Montoya  were 
residents  of  Alburquerque ;  they  were  grandsons  of  the 
great  Captain  Antonio  Montoya,  who  came  with  De  Var- 
gas, who,  with  his  two  sons,  jMiguel  Montoya  and  Juan 
Manuel  Montoya,  lived  at  Santa  Rosa  de  Abiquiu  until 
the  place  was  abandoned.  On  the  lands  of  the  elder 
Montoyas,  at  Abiquiu,  Governor  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin 
founded  the  pueblo  of  Santo  Tomas  de  Abiquiu,  and 
promised  ]\Iiguel  Montoya,  father  of  Miguel  ]\Iontoya,  to 
give  him  in  lieu  thereof  a  tract  of  land  in  some  other  part 
of  the  province;  this  he  did  not  do,  and  the  son,  Miguel, 
and  his  cousin,  Santiago,  "finding  themselves  with  the 
large  families  of  their  widowed  mothers  on  hand,"  re- 
siding at  Atrisco  (near  Alburquerque),  asked  for  a  tract 
of  land  on  the  Rio  Puerco.  This  tract  was  denied  them, 
as  it  was  already  occupied  by  Antonio  Baca  and  Salvador 
Jaramillo ;  in  the  month  of  October,  1766,  Governor  Ca- 
chupin "in  lieu  of  the  ranch  they  refer  to  at  Abiquiu, 
where  the  Indian  mission  of  Santo  Tomas  was  established 
and  settled,  the  same  having  been  found  uninhabited," 
granted  the  Montoyas  a  tract  on  the  Rio  Puerco,  "bounded 
on  the  south  by  lands  of  Jose  Garcia,  on  the  north  the 
place  where  Joaquin  Mestas  is  located,  on  the  east  the 
Rio  Puerco  and  on  the  west  the  brow  of  a  hill."  Posses- 
sion was  given  in  the  presence  of  the  Indians  of  the 
pueblo  of  Zia  (adjoining  owners).  The  testimonios  were 
deposited  in  the  archives  February  14,  1767,  approved 
by  the  governor. 

572  JUAN  FRANCISCO  MARTIN. 

Will.  Fragment.  1787.  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde. 
Antonio  Joseph  Lovato. 

573  JUAN  BAUTISTA  MONTANO. 

Petition.  San  Fernando  del  Rio  Puerco.  1767.  Asking 
for  lands  " sohras"  of  Antonio  Baca  and  Salvador  Xara- 
millo.  Not  granted.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta, 
Governor.  Antonio  Moreto ;  Mateo  de  Pefiarredonda ;  An- 
tonio Baca.    File  No.  105,  office  of  S.  G.,  q.  v. 

574  FELIPE  de  SANDOVAL  to  Antonio  Nerio  Montoya. 
1767. 

Reported  Claim  No.  118,  q.  v. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    163 

575  LUCAS  DE  MOYA  to  Manuel  Moya.    Santa  Fe.     1767. 

Land  down  the  river. 

576  SANTIAGO  and  MIGUEL  MONTOYA. 

Grant.  1767.  Reported  Claim  No.  100,  q.  v. 

577  VICENTE  de  SENA  to  Joseph  Maldonado.    Santa  Fe. 

1767. 

Land  at  Buena  Vista.    Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.    An- 
tonio Dominguez. 

578  JUANA  DE  OJEDA  and  JUAN  de  BENAVIDES  to 

Vicente  Martinez,  Santa  Fe,  1767. 

House  and  lands.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.     Fran- 
cisco Xavier  Fragoso. 

579  MEMORIA  del  Soldado,  Cristobal  Madrid,  ''donde  de- 

clara  los  bienes  que  tiene  por  hallarse  para  dar  qiienta 

at  criador.'" 

Thomas  Madrid,  Teniente;  Phelipe  Sandoval;  Miguel  Te- 
norio ;  Diego  Antonio  de  la  Pefia. 

580  JUANA  TERESA,  JULIANA  and  JUANA  GETRU- 
DIS  FLORES  to  Bartolome  Marques.  Santa  Fe.  1767. 

Lands.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.     Nicolas  Ortiz. 

581  JOAQUIN  MESTAS.    1788. 

Grant.    Reported  Claim  No.  97,  q.  v. 

582  BERNARDO  de  MIERA  y  PACHECO  and  Pedro  Pa- 
dilla. 

Grant.     1768.    Reported  Claim  No.  98,  q.  v. 

583  NERIO  ANTONIO  MONTOYA. 

Grant.     1768.    Reported  Claim  No.  11,  q.  v. 

584  PAULIN  MONTOYA  and  Five  others. 

Grant.    1768.    File  No.  185,  g.  v. 

585  MATEO  GUTIERREZ  to  Tomas  Madrid.     Santa  Fe. 

1768. 

House  and  land.     Phelipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde.     Juan  Miguel 
Tafoya ;  Joachin  Lain. 


164   THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

586  BERNAEDINO  de  SENA  MAESE  to  Joseph  Maese. 
1768. 

House  and  lands.  Phelipe  Tafoya;  Anacleto  Miera;  Joa- 
chin  Lain. 

587  MARIA  MARTIN.    Will.    Santa  Fe,  1768. 

Phelipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde;  Lucas  Moya;  Santiago  Fernan- 
dez; Manuel  Fernandez. 

588  JUAN  DE  ATENCIO  to  Manuel  Manzanares.    San  Pe- 
dro de  Chama.     1769. 

House  and  lot.  Antonio  Joseph  Ortiz,  Alcalde.  Juan 
Domingo  Lobato;  Joseph  Garcia  de  la  Mora. 

589  ANDRES   MANZANARES   to    Manuel   Manzanares. 

Pojoaque.     1769. 

House  and  lot  in  Chama.  Antonio  Joseph  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 
Manuel  de  Arteaga. 

590  MONICA  TOMASA  MARTIN. 

Intestate.  Valle  de  San  Geronimo  de  Taos.  1770.  It  ap- 
pears that  a  will  was  made  in  1768.  It  is  on  file  with 
these  papers.  Inventory  and  partition  of  her  estate.  An- 
tonio Armijo,  Alcalde.  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta, 
Governor.  Antonio  Solano ;  Domingo  Benavides,  Alcalde ; 
Salvador  Rivera;  Nicolas  Leal. 

591  ANTONIO  de  ARMENTA  to  Isidro  Maese.    Santa  Fe, 

nil. 

Land.    Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.  Joseph  Armenta. 

592  MARCIAL  MARTIN  SANGIL,  of  Santo  Domingo  de 

Cundiyo,  vs.  MARCIAL  MARTIN. 

Question  of  land  under  a  grant  had  by  purchase  by  the 
complainant's  father  from  Phelipe  Moraga.  1771.  Cris- 
tobal Montes  Vigil,  Alcalde.  Mateo  de  Peharredonda ; 
Juan  Francisco  Mascarenas ;  Domingo  Labadia ;  Pedro 
Fermin  de  Mendinueta;  Antonio  Moreto;  Juan  de  Arte- 
aga;  Joseph  de  Medina. 

593  ANACLETO  de  MIERA  y  PACHECO  and  Maria  Cat- 
arina  Pino. 

Petition.  1786.  Asking  that  the  property  of  Antonio  de 
Luna,  deceased,  and  said  Maria  Catarina  de  Pino  be 
placed  in  their  custody. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   165 

593  MANUEL  de  ARMIJO  and  Juan  de  Ledesma  to  Jose 

Mares.     Santa  Fe.     1764. 

Donation  of  share  in  mine.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 
Antonio  de  Armenta. 

594  VICENTE  MARTIN.    Will.    1774.     Santa  Fe. 

Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.     Antonio  Armijo. 

595  TOMAS  MADRID.    Will.     Santa  Fe,  1781. 

Jose  Maldonado.     Antonio  Guerrero. 

596  JOSEPHA  MESTAS.     Pojoaque.    Will.     1785. 

Also  partition  of  her  estate,  Jose  Campo  Redondo.  Anza, 
Governor, 

597  ANACLETO  MIERA  y  PACHECO  and  Maria  Catar- 

ina  Pino. 

Petition.  1788.  Asking  that  the  property  of  the  minor 
children  of  Antonio  de  Luna  and  said  Maria  Catarina  be 
placed  in  their  custody.  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  Gov- 
ernor.   Josef  Andres  Calles.    Copy  of  No.  593. 

598  JOSE  MALDONADO.     Will.     1789.     Santa  Fe. 

Also  inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.  Antonio  Guer- 
rero, Alferez.  Jose  Sandobal;  Fernando  de  la  Concha, 
Governor;  Jose  Rafael  Sarracino,  Administrador  de  Cor- 
reos;  Cristobal  Maria  Larraiiaga;  Nicolas  Antonio  de 
Henestrosa ;  Manuel  Delgado,  of  Chihuahua ;  Cleto  Miera ; 
Antonio  Jose  Ortiz,  Alcalde ;  Vincente  Troncoso,  Teni- 
ente;  Fernando  Lamelas. 

599  CLEMENTE  GUTIERRES  to  Viviana  Martin.     San 
Isidro  de  los  Corrales.     1784-1793. 

Lands  in  Alameda.  Nerio  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde;  Fer- 
nando de  la  Concha,  Governor;  Juan  Gabriel  de  Lago; 
Fernando  de  Lamelas. 

600  JUAN  FRANCISCO  MARTIN. 

Will.  San  Antonio  del  Emhudo.  Incomplete.  Four  pages 
and  no  signature. 

601  FRANCISCO  XAVIER  de  MIRANDA.  Alhurquerque. 
No  date. 

Asking  that  Juan  Montano  be  ordered  to  give  him  a  deed. 
Antonio  Gurule  is  mentioned  as  "Colindante." 


166    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

602  MARIA  MICHAELA  MAESE.     Santa  Fe.    No  date. 

Asking  that  land  granted  to  her  deceased  husband,  Martin 
Padilla,  in  the  Partido  del  Bado,  be  confirmed  to  her. 
The  land  granted  was  150  "  caisadas." 

603  PAULIN  MONTOYA  vs.  Miguel  Ortiz.     Sitio  de  la 

Majada.     1800. 

Trespass,  etc.  Josef  Miguel  de  la  Peiia;  Fernando  Cha- 
con, Governor ;  Jose  Campo  Redondo ;  Francisco  Montoya. 
La  Majada  Tract. 

604  MANUEL  MARES. 

"Will.  Santa  Fe.  1804.  Juan  de  Dios  Pena,  Alferez; 
Fernando  Chacon,  Governor ;  Jose  Campo  Redondo. 

605  MIGUEL  MIRABAL,  of  Las  Huertas.     1808. 

Petition  relating  to  inheritance  of  land  under  the  will  of 
his  great  grandfather.    Land  in  Alameda. 

Cleto  Miera  y  Pacheco;  Eusebio  Rael;  Domingo  La- 
badia;  Jose  Garcia,  Alcalde;  Jose  Garcia  de  la  Mora,  Al- 
calde ;  Ignacio  Sanchez  Vergara ;  Jose  Gutierrez ;  Nicolas 
Salazar;  Manrique,  Governor;  Juan  Jose  Santillanes;  Feliz 
Pino;  Alencaster,  Governor. 

The  Alameda  Tract  was  granted  to  Captain  Francisco 
Montes  Vigil  January  27,  1710,  by  Admiral  Joseph  Cha- 
con, Marques  de  la  Penuela.  Montes  Vigil  came  to  New 
Mexico  "among  the  collection  of  families  made  in  the 
City  of  Our  Lady  of  Zacateeas,  my  native  place,  by  Gen- 
eral Juan  Paez  Hurtado. "  Montes  Vigil  participated  in 
all  of  the  battles  of  the  re-conquest.  The  boundaries  of 
the  tract  as  described  in  the  decree  of  royal  possession, 
are,  on  the  north  a  ruin  of  an  old  pueblo,  of  two  that  there 
are,  is  the  more  distant  one  from  the  Alameda  tract;  and 
on  the  south  a  small  hill,  which  is  the  boundary  of  Luis 
Garcia;  on  the  east  the  Rio  del  Norte,  and  on  the  west 
plains  and  hills  for  entrances  and  exits.  Possession  was 
given  in  the  presence  of  Martin  Hurtado,  son  of  the  Gen- 
eral Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Luis  Garcia  and  Jose  de  Quin- 
tana.  Hurtado  at  the  time  was  war  chief  and  alcalde  of 
Alburquerque. 

606  JUAN  MANUEL  MARTIN  and  his  brothers,  heirs  of 
Antonio  Sisneros,  their  grandfather,  and  Pedro  Martin, 
their  father. 

Agreement  with  their  mother,  Maria  Manuela  Sisneros. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    167 

Abiquiu.  1809.  Question  as  to  lands.  Manuel  Garcia, 
Alcalde.     Jose  Miguel  Tenorio. 

607  MARIA  MARQUES  de  AYALA.    Pojoaque.     1811. 

Question  of  title  to  Rancho  de  Cuyamungue,  sold  under 
mortgage,  and  bought  by  Juan  Rafael  Ortiz.  Manuel 
Garcia  de  la  ]\Iora,  Alcalde.  Manrique,  Governor.  Tomas 
de  Herrera. 

608  JOSE  MONTOYA.    CaFion  de  Jemez.     1810. 

Petition  for  land.  Referred  to  the  Governor  with  favor- 
able recommendation.    Ignacio  Sanchez  Vergara,  Alcalde. 

The  names  of  the  settlers  of  the  Canon  de  Jemes  are 
found  in  this  item. 

The  first  settlers  of  the  tract  known  as  the  Caiion  de 
San  Diego  were  Francisco  and  Antonio  Garcia,  brothers, 
who  were  interpreters  of  the  Navajo  nation,  Miguel  Gar- 
cia, Joaquin  Montoya,  Salvador  Garcia,  Jose  Manuel  Gar- 
cia, Juan  Jose  Gutierres,  Juan  de  Aguilar,  Bias  Nepomu- 
ceno  Garcia,  Bartolome  Montoya,  Jose  Montoya,  Tomas 
Montoya,  Juan  Domingo  Martin,  Jose  Gonzales,  Salvador 
Lopez,  Antonio  Abad  Garcia,  Miguel  Gallegos,  Marcos 
Apodaca,  Jose  Miguel  Duran,  and  Jose  Maria  Jaramillo, 
who  applied  for  a  quantity  of  uncultivated  land  in  the 
Canon  de  San  Diego,  adjoining  lands  belonging  to  the  In- 
dians of  Jemez.  Their  petition  was  filed  in  1798,  and 
asked  for  lands  from  east  to  west  to  the  middle  arroyo 
called  Los  Torreones.  and  from  north  to  south  to  the  Val- 
lecito  de  la  Cueva,  which  is  in  front  of  the  water  fall  and 
in  a  transverse  line  from  the  middle  arroyo  to  the  Rito  de 
la  Jara.  They  also  protested  that  they  would  not  injure 
the  Indians  with  their  persons  nor  their  stock,  stating  that 
the  few  trees  which  the  Indians  had  set  out  were  planted 
on  lands  which  did  not  belong  to  them. 

The  grant  was  made  by  Don  Fernando  Chacon,  knight 
of  the  order  of  Santiago,  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  royal 
armies,  and  political  and  military  governor  of  the  prov- 
ince. Possession  was  given  March  14,  1798,  in  the 
presence  of  the  natives  of  the  pueblo  of  Jemez,  who  had 
been  summoned  by  the  chief  justice  of  that  pueblo,  Don 
Antonio  de  Armenta. 

609  MARIA  VIVIANA  MARTIN.    Alameda.    1812. 

Petition.  Asks  that  her  son-in-law,  Vineente  Montaiio, 
be  ordered  to  return  to  her  the  title  deeds  to  lands  in 
Alameda.      Incomplete.      Manrique,    Governor.      Lorenzo 


168    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Gutierrez.  Josef  Mariano  de  la  Peiia,  Alcalde.  No.  599, 
q.  V. 

610  JUANA  BARBARA  MONTANO.    CocUti.    1813.    Vs. 

Vicente  Montaiio,  lier  father. 

Complaint  that  he  sold  land  belonging  to  herself  and  her 
brothers  without  their  consent,  to  Miguel  Hurtado.  Finally 
settled  in  favor  of  purchaser,  Miguel  Geronimo  Hurtado, 
IManrique,  Governor.  Herrera  (Mariano  de)  Auditor  de 
Guerra,  Chihuahua.     Cleto  Miera  y  Pacheco. 

611  ANTONIO  XAVIER  MADRID. 

Will.  Santa  Fe.  1813.  Miguel  Portillo,  Alferez.  Josef 
Francisco  Griego ;  Josef  Larrahaga. 

612  PEDRO  MARTIN.     Abiquiu.     1806. 

Proceedings  in  the  matter  of  the  settlement  of  his  estate. 
]\Iaria  Manuela  Sisneros;  Joseph  Anastacio  Hernandez; 
Manrique,  Governor ;  Manuel  Garcia  de  la  IVIora,  Alcalde ; 
Juan  de  Terms  Luzero;  Pedro  Ignacio  Gallego. 

613  MARCIAL  MONTOYA  and  Pablo  Antonio  Romero. 
Abiquiu.     1814. 

Petition  for  themselves  and  sixty  others  for  lands  on  the 
Brazos  del  Bio  de  Chama.  Referred  to  the  Governor. 
Pedro  Ignacio  Gallego,  Alcalde. 

614  DIEGO  ANTONIO  MARTIN.    Santa  Cruz  de  la  Cana- 
da.    1819. 

Damages  by  a  ditch.  Facundo  Melgares,  Governor.  Juan 
Francisco  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

615  MANUEL  MARTIN  and  Pablo  Romero.     1820. 

Petition  for  the  Tierra  Amarilla  Tract.  Facundo  Mel- 
gares, Governor.    Jose  Garcia  de  la  Mora. 

616  MARIA  NIEVES  MIRAVAL. 

Grant.  1822.  Land  in  Galistco.  Pedro  Armendariz,  Al- 
calde.    Jose  Maria  Baca,  Secretary. 

617  PABLO  MONTOYA  vs.  Francisco  Xavier  Mares.  1822- 
23. 

Lands  in  the  Majada  Tract.  Incomplete.  Antonio  Viz- 
carra.  Governor.    Jose  Francisco  Baca,  Alcalde. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    169 

618  PABLO  MONTOYA.     Cienega.     1824. 

Petition  to  the  Territorial  Deputation  for  lands  on  the 
Eio  Colorado  del  Bincon  de  la  Cinta  a  la  Trinchera. 
Granted  by  the  Deputation  on  November  19,  1824.  Juan 
Bautista  Vigil,  Secretary.  Bartolome  Baca,  Jefe  Superior 
Politico. 

619  JOSE  ANTONIO  MARTIN.    Bosque  Grande.     1824. 

Petition  relative  to  lands.     No  action  taken. 

620  JOSE  IGNACIO  MADRID  and  the  other  heirs  of  Roque 
Madrid  vs.  Matias  Ortiz.  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Canada. 
1824. 

Question  of  lands.  No  final  action.  Bartolome  Baca, 
Jefe  Politico.    Mariano  Chaves,  Alcalde. 

621  JOSE  ANTONIO  MARTIN,  alias  ''El  Renegado,''  vs. 

Jose  Manuel  Sanchez.    Bosque  Grande,  Jurisdiction  de 

San  Juan.     1821-1828. 

Question  of  lands.  Tomas  de  Herrera,  Alcalde ;  Diego 
Antonio  Lucero,  Alcalde;  Tomas  de  Herrera,  Alcalde; 
Manuel  Armijo,  Governor;  Juan  de  Jesus  Martin,  Al- 
calde; Antonio  Narbona,  Governor;  Diego  Sisneros,  Al- 
calde; Josef  Antonio  Martinez;  Juan  Andres  Archuleta. 

622  BERNARDO  MARTINEZ.     Los  Corrales.     1828. 

Petition  for  land  near  the  Sandias.  Not  granted.  Bal- 
tazar  Baca,  Alcalde. 

Baltazar  Baca  had  a  grant  called  the  "Encinol,"  re- 
ported No.  104. 

This  grant  was  rejected  by  the  court  of  private  land 
claims.  There  was  a  preliminary  survey  under  the  act 
of  1854,  and  this  conflicted  with  the  Laguna  Pueblo  Grant. 
Persons  who  claimed  under  the  former  grant  title  are 
now  endeavoring  to  assert  title  by  possession  against  the 
Indians  of  Laguna  as  to  the  part  which  conflicted  with  the 
Paguate  Purchase. 

623  MARIANO  MONTOYA,  Indian  of  Sandia,  in  the  name 
of  the  Pueblo,  vs.  Eusebio  Rael.     1826. 

Title  to  land. 

624  BERNARDO  MADRID  vs.  Jose  Antonio  Bustos.  San- 
ta Cruz  de  la  Canada.     1826. 

Lands.    Apolinario  Lopez,  Alcalde. 


170   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

625  JUAN  DE  JESUS  MARTINEZ,  Alcalde  del  Puehlo  de 

San  Lorenzo  de  Picuries.     1829. 

In  the  name  of  the  pueblo  protests  against  cession  of  lands 
adjoining  the  pueblo.  Juan  Antonio  Lobato,  Preside^ite 
del  Ayuntamiento  de  Taos.    Santiago  Martinez,  Secretary. 

626  MARIA  GETRUDIS  MONTOYA. 

AVill.  Agua  Fria.  1820.  Jose  Ignacio  Ortiz,  Alcalde.  J. 
M.  Alarid;  Jose  Ortiz. 

627  PABLO  MONTOYA.     Cieneguilla.     1831-1832. 

This  is  a  very  voluminous  expediente  relating  to  the  title 
of  Montoya  to  this  tract.     Reported  Claim  No.  115,  q.  v. 

628  JOSS  VICTORINO  MONTES  VIGIL.    Taos.    1836. 

Claim  to  land  at  place  called  Rio  Lucero,  as  heir  under 
the  first  settlers.  The  grant  was  made  to  his  great-grand- 
father, Pedro  Montes  Vigil.  Albino  Perez,  Governor ;  Ra- 
fael de  Luna,  Alcalde;  Santiago  Martinez,  Alcalde;  Ant- 
tonio  J.  Orttiz,  Alcalde. 

On  July  5,  1836,  Jose  Yitorino  Montes  Vigil  directed  a 
petition  to  the  second  alcalde  of  Taos,  stating  that  he  had 
learned  that  there  was  a  piece  of  land  on  the  Lucero  river 
which  had  belonged  to  his  great-grandfather,  Pedro  Montes 
Vigil,  as  was  stated  in  the  grant ;  that  the  petitioner  was 
the  lawful  owner  of  the  land  in  question,  and  that  he  de7 
sired  that  the  alcalde  should  investigate  the  legality  of 
his  claim,  and  place  him  in  possession  of  the  land. 

On  July  9,  1836,  the  alcalde,  Santiago  Martinez,  re- 
turned the  petition,  stating  that  it  should  be  presented 
on  paper  of  the  third  stamp,  and  should  be  accompanied 
by  proofs  of  his  heirship,  and  by  other  pertinent  docu- 
ments. 

On  August  4,  1836,  the  petitioner  presented  a  second 
petition,  on  the  proper  paper,  which  was  followed  by  a 
statement  by  Joaquin  Montes  Vigil  to  the  effect  that  he 
had  an  equal  right  in  the  property,  and  he  joined  in  the 
petition  made  by  Jose  Vitorino  Montes  Vigil. 

On  August  6,  1836,  the  alcalde  referred  the  petition  to 
the  ayimtamiento  of  Taos,  stating  that  the  matter  in  ques- 
tion was  within  the  jurisdiction  of  that  body. 

On  August  13,  1836,  a  petition  signed  by  fourteen  per- 
sons from  the  ranchos  of  the  tract  of  Los  Estiercoles,  from 
the  town  of  San  Fernando,  and  the  puehlo  of  Taos,  was 
presented  to  the  ayuntamiento  of  Taos.     This  petition 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    171 

was  in  opposition  to  the  one  presented  by  Jose  Vitorino 
Montes  Vigil.  It  states  that  the  latter  petition  was  pre- 
sented by  Vitorino  Vigil,  a  citizen  of  Paso  del  Norte,  by 
Rafael  and  Joaquin  Vigil,  residents  of  Cieneguilla,  and 
by  other  persons,  not  named,  who  claimed  to  be  descend- 
ants of  the  deceased  Pedro  Vigil ;  that  these  persons 
wanted  to  cultivate  land  along  the  margins  of  the  Lucero 
river,  where  that  stream  emerged  from  the  mountain ;  that 
the  cultivation  of  said  lands  would  result  in  great  injury 
to  the  persons  already  settled  in  the  vicinity,  and  who 
for  years  had  depended  upon  the  waters  of  the  Lucero 
river  for  the  irrigation  of  their  lands. 

They  ask  that  the  persons  claiming  the  lands  in  ques- 
tion be  required  to  present  proofs  of  their  genealogy,  to 
show  the  last  will  of  the  original  grantee,  with  the  in- 
stitution of  heirs,  etc.  In  support  of  their  contention 
they  allege  that  the  claim  of  the  petitioners  to  land  on 
the  Lucero  river  is  combated  by  the  decree  of  1813,  pro- 
mulgated by  the  king  of  Spain,  and  still  in  force  in  the 
Mexican  Republic,  as  well  as  by  the  laws  of  prescription, 
acknowledged  and  observed  throughout  the  world. 

On  August  28,  1836,  a  report  was  made  to  the  ayunta- 
miento  of  Taos  by  a  committee  of  three  persons,  perhaps 
members  of  that  body,  which  report  was  not  favorable  to 
the  claim  made  by  the  Vigils,  and  which  declared  that 
the  people  of  the  pueblo  of  Los  Estiercoles  and  Fernando 
de  Taos  were  the  legal  owners  of  the  waters  of  the  Lucero 
river. 

Subsequently,  from  September  9,  1836,  to  January  19, 
1837,  on  four  occasions,  Jose  Vitorino  Montes  Vigil  pre- 
sented petitions  to  the  jefe  politico  (governor)  of  New 
Mexico,  complaining  that  his  petitions  to  the  authorities  at 
Taos  had  not  received  the  attention  to  which  they  were 
entitled. 

There  are  a  number  of  statements  by  the  alcalde  of 
Taos  and  others  in  regard  to  various  features  of  the  case. 

The  question  at  issue  between  the  parties,  so  far  as  is 
disclosed  by  this  archive,  was  never  passed  upon  by  the 
jefe  politico,  who  at  that  time  was  Albino  Perez,  who  sub- 
sequently was  murdered  (August  10,  1837)  by  the  In- 
dians of  Santo  Domingo. 

629  GUADALUPE  MIRANDA. 

Report  recommending  that  the  spring  known  as  San  Mar- 
cos be  granted  to  him.    No  signatures. 

Guadalupe  Miranda  was  secretary  of  New  Mexico  from 


172   THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXI(?0 

April  9,  1839,  to  October,  1843.  After  the  occupation  of 
the  Territory  by  the  Americans  in  1846  he  declined  becom- 
ing an  American  citizen  and  in  1853  was  appointed  com- 
missioner-general of  Mexico  to  induce  Mexicans  in  New 
Mexico  to  locate  and  colonize  lands  south  of  the  Rio 
Grande.  As  such  he  succeeded  the  Fr.  Ramon  Ortiz  of 
El  Paso.  Miranda  delivered  possession  of  the  lands  to 
the  colony  at  IMesilla.  At  the  time  of  the  making  of  the 
grant  to  the  settlers,  there  were  present,  among  others, 
Domingo  Cubero,  Jose  Manuel  Sanchez  Baca,  Cesario  Du- 
ran.  Bias  Duran,  Francisco  Rojas,  Valentin  Maese,  Mau- 
ricio  Sanchez,  Eugenio  Moreno,  Vincente  Lucero,  and 
Martin  Trujillo. 

On  April  24,  1851,  the  dividing  line  between  New  Mex- 
ico and  Mexico  —  32  degrees  and  22  minutes  north  lati- 
tude —  was  fixed  as  being  ' '  the  point  at  which  said  river 
(Bravo  or  Grande  del  Norte)  intersects  the  southern  line 
of  New  Mexico,"  it  being  understood  that  the  distance 
from  this  point  from  which  the  river  now  runs,  in  the 
direction  of  the  same  parallel  is  two  hundred  and  nine- 
teen and  four-tenths  meters,  consequently  to  the  east  of 
said  point. 

There  were  present  on  this  day,  Don  Juan  Jose  San- 
chez, political  chief  of  the  Brazos  district  of  the  State  of 
Chihuahua,  Brevet  Captain  Abraham  Buford,  commander 
of  Company  H,  1st  U.  S.  Dragoons,  and  Colonel  Charles 
F.  Tappan,  aide-de-camp  to  James  S.  Calhoun,  governor 
of  New  Mexico.  General  Juan  Maria  Ponce  de  Leon  was 
also  present.  Important  settlements  in  this  locality  at  this 
time  were  Mesilla,  Amoles,  Paso  del  Norte,  Senecu,  Ysleta, 
Socorro,  and  San  Elezario.  At  the  time  that  Miranda 
acted  Mesilla  was  in  the  State  of  Chihuahua,  that  portion 
being  afterwards  acquired  by  the  United  States  under  the 
Gadsden  Purchase.  There  were  about  1,500  people  at 
Mesilla  at  the  time.  Don  Jose  Joaquin  de  Herrera  was 
president  and  Don  Mariano  Otero,  secretary  of  state  of 
Mexico  at  the  time. 

630  TOWN  OF  MORA.    1842. 

Distribution  of  land.  Grant  to  Jose  Manuel  Cordova,  q.  v. 
File  No.  35. 

631  MIGUEL  MASCARENAS. 

Grant.  1844.  Voiles  de  Santa  Getrudis  de  lo  de  Mora. 
Law  of  April  30,  1842,  q.  v.  Arts.  13-15.  Tomas  Ortiz, 
Alcalde.    Miguel  Antonio  Lobato, 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    173 

632  MIGUEL  MASCARENAS. 

Grant.  Valles  de  Santa  Getrudis  de  lo  dc  Mora.  Tomas 
Ortiz,  Alcalde.    Maiiricio  Duran. 

On  the  20tli  of  October,  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  thirty-five,  I,  Manuel  Antonio  Sanchez,  constitutional 
justice  of  the  jurisdiction  of  San  Jose  de  Las  Trampas, 
with  my  attending  witnesses,  with  whom  I  act  by  appoint- 
ment, in  compliance  with  the  superior  decree  of  Don  Al- 
bino Perez,  political  chief  of  the  Territory,  dated  the  28th 
day  of  September  last  past,  I  proceeded  to  the  place 
called  Lo  de  Mora,  within  the  jurisdiction  under  my 
charge,  for  the  purpose  of  distributing  this  public  land, 
as  is  provided  in  the  aforementioned  superior  decree,  and 
being  there,  and  the  settlers  interested,  amounting  to 
seventy-six  citizens,  being  there  also,  the  lower  valley  was 
called  "Valle  de  Santa  Gertrudes"  and  the  upper  one 
"Valle  de  San  Antonio,"  and  in  the  name  of  the  Mexican 
Nation,  and  of  this  municipality,  the  town-site  was  marked 
out  in  both  valleys,  the  one  at  Santa  Gertrudes  being  two 
hundred  varas  from  north  to  south,  and  one  hundred  and 
fifty  varas  from  east  to  west,  leaving  thirty  varas  outside 
for  drippage  and  a  common  road,  and  the  meadow  for  the 
benefit  of  all,  with  its  entrances  and  exits  free.  The  site 
of  the  town  of  San  Antonio  contains  two  thousand  varas 
from  north  to  south,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty  varas 
from  east  to  west,  leaving  the  meadow  for  the  benefit  of 
all  settlers,  with  the  following  entrances  and  exits.  On 
the  north  the  caiion  of  the  Cumanches;  on  the  south  the 
Rio  de  Las  Casas,  and  in  the  direction  of  the  Ceholla. 
Thereupon  I  proceeded  to  distribute  the  land  suitable  to 
cultivation,  and  drawing  the  line  from  east  to  west,  on 
the  south  side  of  the  valley  of  Santa  Gertrudes,  there 
were  measured  four  thousand  one  hundred  varas  of  land, 
and  on  the  north,  in  the  direction  of  Tidquillo,  there  were 
measured  one  thousand  seven  hundred  varas  of  land, 
which  were  distributed  among  the  settlers  in  the  order  in 
which  they  are  arranged  on  the  list. 

On  the  subsequent  day  we  proceeded  to  the  valley  of 
San  Antonio,  and  being  there,  we  drew  the  line  from  the 
edge  of  the  Cienega  towards  the  west,  another  was  meas- 
ured and  distributed  according  to  the  list  aforementioned ; 
two  thousand  eight  hundred  varas  of  land  in  the  valley; 
five  hundred  and  sixty  varas  at  the  Lagunita;  and  two 
hundred  and  fifty  varas  of  land  opposite  the  town,  toward 
the  southwest  thereof,  as  will  appear  by  the  aforemen- 


174   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

tioned  list;  the  general  boundaries  of  this  tract,  being  for 
the  benefit  of  the  grantees  and  for  common  pasturage ;  on 
the  north,  the  Ocate  river;  on  the  south  to  where  the  Sa- 
pello  empties;  on  the  east  the  Aguage  de  la  Yegua,  and 
on  the  west,  the  EstiUero,  and  as  having  taken  possession 
thereof  quietly  and  peacefully,  and  without  opposition 
from  any  person  whatsoever,  the  grantees,  in  token  of  joy, 
pulled  up  weeds,  threw  stones,  scattered  handsfull  of 
earth,  and  performed  other  acts  of  possession,  giving 
thanks  to  Grod  and  to  the  Nation. 

Manuel  Antonio  Sanchez 
Instrumental:     Teodocio  Quintana. 

Nestor  Armijo. 
Attending  witnesses:     Albino  Chacon. 

Rafael  Paez. 

The  original  settlers  as  appears  in  this  instrument  were 
as  follows: 

Yalle  de  Santa  Gertrudis: 

Jose  Tapia,  100  varas;  Carmen  Arce,  150  varas;  Juan 
Lorenzo  Aliso,  200  varas;  Juan  Antonio  Garcia,  150  va- 
ras; Carlos  Nieto,  200  varas;  Mateo  Ringinel,  200  varas; 
Manuel  Suhazo,  100  varas;  Geronimo  Martin,  100  varas; 
Francisco  Sandoval,  100  varas ;  Francisco  Lore,  100  varas ; 
Francisco  Conen,  200  varas;  Jose  Mestas,  100  varas;  Ra- 
mon Archuleta,  100  varas;  Antonio  Aban  Trujillo,  100 
varas;  Juan  de  Jesus  Cruz,  100  varas;  Maria  Dolores  Ro- 
mero, 200  varas ;  Faustin  Mestas,  100  varas ;  Maria  Do- 
lores Sanches,  200  varas ;  Jose  Miguel  Pacheco,  100  varas ; 
Yldefonzo  Pacheco,  100  varas;  Manuel  Sanches,  100  va- 
ras; Juan  Trujillo,  200  varas;  Felipe  Carbajal,  100  va- 
ras; Jose  Maria  Garcia,  100  varas;  Miguel  Garcia,  100 
varas ;  Gabriel  Lu jan,  100  varas ;  Manuel  Arguello,  100 
varas ;  Ygnacio  Gonzales,  200  varas ;  Jose  Guadalupe  Or- 
tega, 100  varas,  Felipe  Arguello,  100  varas;  Manel  Gre- 
gorio  Martin,  100  varas ;  Juan  Cristobal  Trujillo,  100  va- 
ras ;  north  bank  looking  toward  Tulquillo,  measured  from 
east  to  west:  Tomas  Encaraacion  Garcia,  150  varas;  Car- 
los Salazar,  150  varas ;  Francisco  Arguello,  100  varas ; 
Francisco  Sena,  100  varas;  Jose  Ygnacio  Madrid,  100  va- 
ras; Miguel  Paez,  100  varas;  Miguel  Mascarenas,  200 
varas ;  Cecilio  Montano,  50  varas ;  Cruz  Medina,  100  va- 
ras ;  Bernardo  Martin,  100  varas ;  Miguel  Arguello,  150 
varas;  Ramon  Amado,  150  varas;  Pedro  Aragon,  150  va- 
ras; Estevan  Valdez,  100  varas. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    175 

Valle  de  San  Antonio:     ''Banda  del  Sur  medida  de 
Oriente  a  Poniente:'^ 

Manuel  Sanchez,  100  varas;  Juan  Ygnacio  Sanches,  100 
varas;  Francisco  Sarracino,  100  varas;  Albino  Chacon, 
100  varas;  Damacio  Chacon,  100  varas;  Teodocio  Quin- 
tana,  100  varas;  Jose  Garcia,  100  varas;  Rafael  Paez,  100 
varas;  Nepomuceno  Gurule,  100  varas;  Jose  Vigil,  100 
varas;  Nestor  Armijo,  300  varas;  Andres  Ornelas,  100 
varas;  Mateo  Montoya,  100  varas;  Juan  de  la  Cruz  Tru- 
jillo,  100  varas;  Juan  de  Jesus  Lujan,  100  varas;  Fran- 
cisco Trujillo,  100  varas ;  Andres  Trujillo,  100  varas ; 
Juan  Andres  Archuleta,  100  varas;  Ramon  Abreu,  100 
varas ;  Jesus  Maria  Alarid,  100  varas ;  Vincente  Sanches, 
100  varas;  Mateo  Sandoval,  100  varas;  Juan  Lopez,  100 
varas;  Pedro  Chacon,  100  varas;  Miguel  Antonio  Mas- 
carenas,  100  varas;  Antonio  Arguello,  100  varas. 
Lagunita  de  San  Antonio,  medida  de  Oriente  a  Poniente 

Jose  Silva,  280  varas;  Juan  Jose  Vigil,  280  varas. 
F rente  a  la  Plaza  de  San  Antonio  punto  al  Serrito  que 
divide  a  la  Lagunita : 

Miguel  Olguin,  250  varas. 

633  FELIPE  MONTOYA. 

Grant.  Valles  de  Santa  Getrudis  de  lo  de  Mora.  1844. 
Under  law  of  April  30,  1844.  Articles  13-15.  Tomas 
Ortiz,  Alcalde;  Mauricio  Duran;  Miguel  Antonio  Lobato. 

634  MARGARITA    MARTINEZ    vs.    Miguel    Bena\ides. 
Real  de  San  Francisco  del  Tuerto.     1845.     Mining  suit. 

Testimonio.    Jose  Baca,  Alcalde. 

635  ASAMBLEA  DEPARTAMENTAL  de  NUEVO  MEX- 
ICO.    1845. 

Relating  to  Grant  called  Manuelita.  Felipe  Sena.  Tomas 
Ortiz,  Secretary. 

636  CHAFFIE  MARTINET.    Santa  Fe.    1846. 

Mining  suit.  Trinidad  Barcelo,  Alcalde.  Benito  Antonio 
Larragoite ;  Jorge  Ramirez ;  Antonio  Apodaca ;  Jose  Mig- 
uel Romero,  Alcalde ;  Diego  Sisneros. 

637  JUAN  JOSE  MONTOYA  and  seven  others. 

Petition  for  lands.  Las  Vegas.  1846.  Juan  de  Dies 
Maese,  Alcalde.    No  final  action. 


176    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

638  XPTOBAL  NIETO.     Santa  Fe,  1700. 

Re-validation  of  his  grant.  Testimmiio.  Certified  by  An- 
tonio de  Aguilera  Isasi,  Alcalde. 

639  JOSEF  MANUEL  GILTOMEY  to  Simon  Nieto.  Santa 

Fe,  1707. 

Land  in  Santa  Fe.  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde.  Xptobal 
de  Gongora. 

640  SEBASTIAN  de  VARGAS  to  Maria  de  Naba.    Santa 

Fe,  1710. 

Land.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  Xptobal  de  Gon- 
gora. 

641  JOSEF  FRESQUI  and  Maria  de  Herrera,  his  wife,  to 
Tomas  Nuiies.     Santa  Cruz  de  la  Canada.     1716. 

Land.  Juan  Garcia  de  la  Rivas,  Alcalde.  Juan  Manuel 
Chirinos. 

642  SIMON  NIETO  to  Juan  Garcia  de  Noriega.    Santa  Fe. 

1728. 

Land.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  Juan  Manuel 
Chirinos. 

643  QUESTION  OF  LANDS.     1752. 

Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  Governor ;  Nicolas  Ortiz ;  Tomas 
de  Alvear;  Francisco  Sisneros. 

Dispute  between  Jose  Antonio  Naranjo  and  Diego  Tor- 
res in  regard  to  the  amount  which  the  former  paid  to  the 
latter  for  a  house,  which  Naranjo  on  complaint  of  the 
Indians  of  San  Juan,  had  been  ordered  to  give  up  by 
Governor  Velez  Cachupin. 

It  seems  that  the  house  in  question  was  on  lands  of  the 
Indians  of  San  Juan ;  that  Torres  sold  it  to  Naranjo ; 
that  the  Indians  made  some  complaint  about  it,  the  na- 
ture of  which  does  not  appear ;  that  Governor  Velez  ordered 
Naranjo  to  get  out  of  the  house ;  that  he  obeyed  the  order 
in  the  month  of  March,  1753,  and  a  few  months  later 
asked  the  governor  to  compel  Torres  to  return  to  him  the 
fifty  pesos  he  had  paid  for  the  house ;  that  Torres  made  a 
statement  before  the  governor  to  the  effect  that  the  price 
was  only  10  or  12  pesos;  which  was  paid  in  5  or  6  goats; 
that  Naranjo  produced  two  witnesses  whose  testimony 
was  conflicting ;  that  the  governor,  in  view  of  the  conflict- 
ing testimony  and  the  slight  importance  of  the  case,  or- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   177 

dered  Torres  to  return  to  Naranjo  the  five  or  six  goats, 
and  he  further  imposed  perpetual  silence  upon  both  par- 
ties, under  penalty  of  a  fine  in  case  either  should  again 
bring  the  matter  up. 

There  is  nothing  in  the  document  to  show  the  location 
of  the  house  with  respect  to  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan. 

644  FRANCISCO  NIETO  to  Jacinto  Perea.     Santa  Fe. 
1765. 

One-half  of  the  land  in  the  Puehlo  Quemado  purchased  of 
Andres  Montoya,  of  Cieneguilla.  Francisco  Guerrero, 
Alcalde.    Antonio  Guerrero. 

645  SETTLERS  of  SAN  GABRIEL  de  LAS  NUTRIAS. 
177L 

Abandonment  of  the  settlement.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de 
Mendinueta,  Governor.     Antonio  Moreto. 

646  FRANCISCO  TREBOL  NAVARRO. 

Will.  Santa  Fe.  1785.  Jose  Maldonado.  Cleto  Miera. 
Reference  is  made  to  the  military  chapel  Capilla  Cas- 
trense  at  Santa  Fe ;  also  mentions  the  alferez,  Don  Alberto 
Mainez,  later  a  governor  of  New  ]\[exico ;  also  to  Don 
Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta,  former  governor  of  the 
Province,  as  residing  at  Elizmido,  in  the  Valley  of  Bastas, 
Province  of  Navarre. 

647  NICOLAS  ORTIZ  NINO  LADRON  DE  GUEBARA. 
Santa  Fe.     1742. 

Will.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.     Antonio  Ulibarri. 

There  were  many  valiant  cavaliers  accompanying  the 
conquistador,  Captain-General  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata 
Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon,  to  the  kingdom  of  New  Mexico  in 
the  year  1693,  not  the  least  of  whom  was  Captain  Nicolas 
Ortiz  Niiio  Ladron  de  Guevara.  He  was  a  most  adventur- 
ous spirit,  whom  a  restless  love  of  enterprise  induced  to 
join  the  expedition  under  the  great  Spanish  captain. 

An  ancestor  of  Don  Nicolas  Ortiz  Niiio  Ladron  de  Gue- 
varra  had  won  the  favor  of  the  king  by  capturing  from 
the  Moors  the  city  of  Guevara,  by  which  exploit  he  se- 
cured from  his  royal  master  the  addition  to  his  name 
"Niiio  Ladron  de  Guevara." 

When  the  expedition  under  de  Vargas  left  El  Paso, 
having  in  view  the  reconquest  of  New  Mexico,  Captain 
Nicolas  Ortiz  Niiio  Ladron  de  Guevara  accompanied  it 


178    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

along  with  his  family.  His  wife  was  Maria  Anna  Garcia 
Coronado ;  the  oldest  son  bore  the  same  name  as  the 
father.  This  son  married  Dona  Juana  Baca,  and  of  the 
marriage  there  were  three  children,  Nicolas  Ortiz  Niiio 
Ladron  Guevara,  third,  Francisco  and  Toribio  Ortiz 
Nifio  Ladron  de  Guevara.  The  eldest  married  Doiia 
Gertrudis  Paez  Hurtado,  of  which  marriage  there  were 
two  children,  Juan  Antonio  and  Antonio  Jose.  The  last 
named  married  Dona  Rosa  de  Bustamante,  the  daughter 
of  Don  Pedro  de  Bustamante,  governor  of  the  Province 
of  New  Mexico,  of  which  union  there  were  five  children, 
among  them  a  daughter,  Ana  Gertrudis  Ortiz  Nino  La- 
dron de  Guevara,  who  became  the  wife  of  Juan  Domingo 
Baca.  There  were  twelve  children  of  this  marriage,  one 
of  whom.  Ana  Maria,  married  Pedro  Bautista  Pino  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century. 

648  FRANCISCO  ORTIZ  NINO  LADRON  de  GUEBARA. 
Santa  Fe.     1749. 

Will.  Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  Alcalde.  Sebastian  de  Apo- 
daca. 

649  BARTOLOME  OLGUIN  and  Others.     1751. 

Petition  for  lands  near  the  pueblo  of  the  Picunes.  Not 
granted.  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  governor.  Manuel  Sa- 
enz de  Garvisu,  Secretary. 

650  TOWN  OF  OJO  CALIENTE.     Re-settlement.     1753. 

Bernardo  de  Bustamante  y  Tagle,  Alcalde.    Pablo  Fran- 
cisco de  Villapando ;  Bias  Martin  Serrano. 
Re-settlement  of  Ojo  Caliente. 

651  ANTONIO  de  ORTEGA  to  Tomas  de  Ortega.    Santa 

Fe.    1758. 

Land.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Carlos  Joseph  Perez 
Mirabal. 

652  TORIBIO  ORTIZ  and  MIGUEL  de  ALIRE.    Santa  Fe. 

1758. 

Petition.  Rancho  in  La  Cienega.  Asking  that  it  be  par- 
titioned among  the  heirs  under  the  will  of  Miguel  de  la 
Vega  y  Coca.  Proceedings,  etc.  Testimonio.  Certified  by 
Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

Nicolas  Ortiz  to  Manuel  Gallegos.    Santa  Fe.    1758.    His 
share  in  said  rancho  in  La  Cienega. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    179 

Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Manuel  Bernardo  Gar- 
visu. 

653  ANTONIO  XIRON  to  Tomas  de  Ortega.     Santa  Fe. 
1767. 

Land.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.    Nicolas  Ortiz. 

654  MANUEL  OLGUIN.    Will. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.  Santa  Fe.  1767. 
Vicente  de  Sena,  Alcalde.  Joseph  Garcia  Jurado;  Fran- 
cisco Lobera ;  Eugenio  Perea, 

655  TOWN  OF  OJO  CALIENTE. 

Re-settlement.  1768-1769.  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Al- 
calde.   Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  Governor. 

The  names  of  many  settlers  are  given  in  this  item. 

The  site  of  the  ancient  pueblos  near  the  Ojo  Caliente 
was  re-settled  during  the  rule  of  Governor  Tomas  Velez 
Cachupin.  There  were  fifty-three  families  and  the  bound- 
aries of  the  tract  as  granted  were  "from  the  Caiiada  de 
Los  Cumanches  to  the  tower  (Torreon)  of  Jose  Baca,  de- 
ceased, with  a  small  difference  just  below,  its  boundaries 
being  on  the  north  the  Canada  de  Los  Comanches;  on  the 
south  a  landmark  which  I  ordered  to  be  constructed  of 
stone  and  mortar  with  a  holy  cross  of  cedar  placed  in  the 
center,  just  below  the  said  tower  of  Jose  Baca;  on  the  east 
the  foot  of  the  hill ;  and  on  the  West  the  foot  of  the  other 
hills  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river.  The  leaders  of  this 
settlement  were  the  sergeant  Luis  Duran  and  the  district 
lieutenant,  Gregorio  Martin. 

A  torreon  (tower)  was  a  sort  of  fortification  used  for 
purposes  of  defense  and  look-out  against  the  hostile  In- 
dians. 

656  TOWN  OF  OJO  CALIENTE. 

Re-settlement.  1769.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta, 
Governor.    Names  of  many  of  the  settlers  are  given. 

657  LUCIA  ORTEGA  vs.  Roque  Lobato.    Santa  Fe.    1769. 

Question  of  lands.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta, 
Governor. 

658  ANTONIO  de  JESUS  LUCERO  to  Francisco  Ortega. 

Santa  Fe,  1776. 

Land.  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.  Simon  de  Ar- 
menta. 


180   THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

659  ANTONIO  ORTEGA. 

Will.  Santa  Fe.  1781.  Jose  Maldonado,  Alferez.  Juan 
de  Abrego. 

660  FRANCISCO  de  ORTEGA. 

Will.  Sania  Fe.  1782.  Manuel  de  la  Azuela,  Captain. 
Salvador  Tenorio. 

661  ANTONIO  ORTEGA. 

Will.  Inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.  Santa  Fe. 
1785.  Jose  Maldonado,  Teniente.  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza, 
Governor.     Jose  Miguel  Maldonado ;  Jose  Andres  Calles. 

662  JOSEFA  BUSTAMANTE  to  Antonio  Josef  Ortiz. 
Santa  Fe,  1784. 

House  and  land.  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  Governor.  An- 
tonio Jose  Ortiz ;  Francisco  Perez  Serrano ;  Bernardo  de 
Miera  y  Paeheco. 

663  BARTOLOMS:  FERNANDEZ  to  Miguel  Ortiz.    1785. 

Land  in  the  Majada  Tract.  Jose  Maldonado,  Teniente. 
Jose  Miguel  Maldonado.     La  Majada  Claim,  q.  v. 

664  TOWN  OF  OJO  CALIENTE. 

Grant.    1793.    Reported  Claim  No.  77,  q.  v. 

665  CARMEN  PEREA,  deceased,  by  her  administrator, 
Manuel  Delgado,  to  Jose  Maria  Vivian  de  Ortega.  Santa 
Fe,  1804. 

Land.  Jose  Maria  Vivian  de  Ortega  to  Maria  Feliciana 
Padilla,  Santa  Fe,  1805.     Conveyance  of  the  above  land. 

666  FELICIANA  PAULA  ORTIZ  y  BUSTAMANTE. 

Will.  Santa  Fe.  1815.  Matias  Ortiz,  Alcalde.  Jose 
Campo  Redondo.     Cristobal  Maria  Lariiiaga,  Secretary. 

667  MATIAS  ORTIZ.    Pojoaque.     No  date. 

Complaint  against  Tomas  Sena,  Alcalde. 

668  INDIANS  OF  LAGUNA  vs.  Joaquin  Pino. 

Protest  against  his  occupation  of  land  in  the  Rillito  (Ri- 
yito)  Tract.  1815.  Joseph  Vicente  Ortiz,  Alcalde.  Pedro 
Maria  de  Allande,  Governor. 

The  various  grounds  on  which  the  protest  was  based 
are  unimportant  in  view  of  the  fact  that  Governor  Pedro 
Maria  de  Allande,  on  October  16,  1816,  after  a  hearing  at 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   181 

which  the  alcalde,  twelve  Indians  from  Laguna,  and  Don 
Joaquin  Pino  were  present,  decided  in  favor  of  Pino. 

Certain  services  required,  free  of  charge  of  the  Pueblo 
Indians  are  recited  in  the  following  statement,  which  is 
preserved  here  on  that  account. 

"Don  Jose  Manuel  Aragon,  chief  justice  and  war  cap- 
tain of  these  pueblos  of  Acoma,  Laguna,  settlement  of 
Ceboletta,  and  its  districts: 

"In  view  of  the  resignation  I  have  tendered  of  the 
office  I  have  held  on  this  frontier  for  the  period  of  over 
twenty  years,  Jose  Alarigua,  governor  of  this  Pueblo  of 
San  Jose  de  la  Laguna,  and  the  chiefs  thereof,  together 
with  their  interpreter,  Antonio  Herrera,  appeared  be- 
fore me,  asking  me  to  leave  them  a  statement  of  the  gov- 
ernment and  orders  given  by  the  honorable  governors  of 
this  province,  urgently  requesting  me  to  see  if  by  this 
means  they  could  be  relieved  from  the  disorders  and 
grievances  the  pueblo  formerly  suffered  in  the  changes  of 
justices  and  ministers,  and  providing  against  a  recur- 
rence of  the  same  thing  in  the  future ;  and,  in  compliance 
with  this  just  demand,  I  have  executed  on  this  paper 
this  declaratory  statement,  saying  as  I  do  say,  that  being 
present  at  the  general  visits  made  to  this  Pueblo  by 
Governors  Don  Fernando  Chacon,  Don  Joaquin  del  Real 
Alencaster,  Don  Alberto  Maynes,  and  Don  Jose  Man- 
rique,  authorizing  these  Indians  to  extend  their  fields  be- 
yond the  league  granted  to  them  by  the  King  as  far  as 
they  could  plant,  for  the  actual  support  and  maintenance 
of  their  families.  The  pueblo  being  situated  in  such  a 
locality  as  not  to  afford  them  a  sufficient  quantity  of  ar- 
able land  within  the  league  allowed  by  the  King,  and  this 
pueblo  having  formerly  suffered  this  scarcity  of  land  for 
cultivation  when  this  province  was  governed  by  Don 
Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  these  Indians  purchased  the 
Rancho  called  Pagnati,  situated  to  the  north  and  adjoin- 
ing the  site  of  Cebolleta,  distant  three  leagues  from  this 
pueblo.  This  rancho  was  formerly  granted  to  Pascual 
PajaritO;  Vicente  Pajarito,  Antonio  Paguati,  and  Miguel 
Magnino,  and  having  possessed  it  for  thirty  years,  they 
sold  it  to  the  Pueblo ;  and  certain  citizens  having  peti- 
tioned and  asked  for  permission  to  settle  there  they  have 
not  been  allowed  to  do  so  by  the  Superior  Government, 
as  it  was  a  purchase  made  by  the  Indians,  who  held  a 
deed  authorized  by  the  former  alcalde  of  this  pueblo,  Don 
Antonio  Sedillo. 


182   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

"In  regard  to  the  land  towards  the  east,  they  have 
been  allowed  to  plant  on  the  rancho  known  as  El  Rito, 
and  therefore  also  the  Canada  de  Los  Gigantes  to  the  Ojo 
del  Chamiso,  together  with  the  Rancho  commonly  called 
San  Juan,  for  pasture  lands  for  their  animals,  the  fron- 
tier being  so  much  exposed  that  they  cannot  risk  them  in 
any  other  direction.  On  the  west  they  have  the  site 
known  as  Cubero,  where  they  have  fields  under  cultivation 
and  an  acequia  of  their  own,  and  they  irrigate  with  the 
same  water  that  passes  through  this  Pueblo ;  and  in  the 
same  westerly  direction,  distant  a  mile  from  said  Pueblo, 
is  the  rancho  called  Santa  Ana,  where  they  hold  lands 
for  cultivation  in  common,  as  far  as  the  alcalde  is  con- 
cerned, who  is  to  reside  in  this  pueblo,  he  is  forbidden 
by  superior  orders  from  availing  himself  of  the  labor  of 
the  Indians  for  any  purpose  except  by  paying  them  the 
just  value  of  their  labor;  neither  can  he  compel  them  to 
serve  on  escorts  for  private  individuals  unless  required 
by  the  government  to  treat  upon  subjects  connected  with 
the  royal  service. 

"As  far  as  the  officiating  minister  (priest)  is  con- 
cerned, he  is  placed  upon  the  same  terms  as  the  alcalde, 
without  any  authority  to  tax  the  pueblo  or  any  Indian 
with  services  excepting  a  sexton  to  ring  the  bell  and  the 
feed  of  a  horse,  which  is  to  be  furnished  by  the  pueblo  in 
case  it  should  be  necessary  for  him  to  hear  confession. 

' '  This  is  the  method  established  by  the  government  for 
the  good  administration  of  these  Pueblos,  and  having  no 
private  malice  to  accomplish,  and  at  the  request  of  the 
Indians  of  the  Pueblo  of  Laguna,  I  leave  this  statement,, 
which  I  signed  on  the  25th  day  of  March,  1813. 

"Manuel  Aragon 
"Santa  Fe,  August  28,  1826. 

"Approved  so  far  as  this  government  is  concerned  and 
legal  and  formal  in  its  contents.  Narbona.  " 

Colonel  Narbona  was  governor  at  this  time. 

On  the  margin  of  the  above  instrument  (grant)  appear 
the  following  notations : 

"This  document  is  to  remain  in  the  hands  of  Don  Juan 
Miguel  Cacique  and  at  his  death  in  the  hands  of  his  two 
daughters,  Catarina  and  Josefa,  who  have  the  same  right 
and  interest  in  the  site  together  with  Don  Vincente  Ro- 
mero, included  in  the  same  interest.      [Rubric] 

"The  site  of  Cubero,  mentioned  in  this  document,  and 
the  water  running  through  it,  is  the  only  water  these  In- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    183 

dians  have  the  use  of,  as  this  proceeds  from  the  Ojo  del 
Gallo;  therefore  if  the  said  spring  is  settled  upon,  these 
poor  Indians  would  perish,  as  it  is  the  same  water  which 
reaches  to  the  pueblo  and  these  Indians  are  entitled  to 
it,  being  old  settlers  in  good  faith  for  more  than  one 
hundred  years.      [Rubric] 

"In  this  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty, 
Don  Ignacio  Sanchez  Vergara,  Protector  General  of  the 
Indians,  of  this  Province  of  New  Mexico,  executed  a  docu- 
ment alike  to  the  instrument  authorized  by  Don  Antonio 
Sedillo,  in  the  year  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
sixty-nine;  and  for  not  stating  three  boundaries  which 
said  Protector  did  not  mention  in  his  document,  the 
parties  mentioned  in  said  document  requested  me  to 
make  a  copy  thereof,  stating  the  boundaries  to  which  the 
rancho  of  Paguati  is  entitled,  which  document  is  of  the 
tenor  following : 

' '  For  this  Pueblo  of  Jemes,  on  the  first  day  of  June,  in 
the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty,  a  docu- 
ment authorized  by  the  former  alcalde  of  the  pueblo  of 
Laguna  was  presented  to  me  by  Lorenzo  and  Alonzo, 
Santiago,  Alonzo,  segundo,  Toribio  and  Rita,  native  In- 
dians of  said  pueblo,  requesting  me  to  take  charge  of  the 
interests  they  represented  in  the  rancho  called  Paguati; 
and  having  registered  it,  I  find  that  Don  Antonio  Se- 
dillo, the  said  alcalde  at  that  time,  took  cognizance  of  a 
suit  brought  by  Juan  Paguati  and  Pascual  Pajarito,  both 
residents  of  said  pueblo,  and  it  was  ordered  that  each  one 
should  quietly  remain  upon  his  own  property,  without 
disturbing  the  other. 

"Such  being  the  case,  and  as  Protector  of  the  Indians 
for  the  Royal  Audience  of  Guadalajara,  to  whom  alone  it 
is  proper  for  the  Indians  to  refer  matters  of  a  common 
or  private  nature,  if  they  are  in  any  way  aggrieved,  or 
if  they  have  not  a  sufficient  amount  of  land  with  that  the 
law  allows  them,  or  that  they  may  have  legally  acquired, 
and  by  virtue  of  the  ancient  possession  of  said  lands  to 
which  the  said  natives  refer,  called  the  rancho  of  Paguati, 
acquired  by  a  legal  title,  and  that  the  new  settlement  of 
Cebolleta,  granted  by  Governor  Don  Fernando  Chacon  to 
certain  citizens,  and  possession  given  by  the  alcalde,  Don 
Jose  Manuel  Aragon,  with  the  formalities  required  by 
the  laws  of  possession  and  settlement,  the  boundaries  hav- 
ing been  marked  out. 

"The  aforesaid  rancho  and  its  boundaries  in  the  diree- 


184   THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

tion  of  Cebolleta  remained  free  with  its  ancient  appurte- 
nances as  far  as  the  table  land  of  El  Gabilan,  to  the  south 
of  La  Cuesta,  on  the  west  to  the  Rito  del  San  Jose,  and 
on  the  east  to  the  Canoncito  del  Cajo. 

' '  The  new  settlers  of  Cebolleta  were  satisfied  with  their 
boundaries  at  the  table  land  of  El  Gabilan,  adjoining  the 
holders  in  good  faith. 

"The  want  of  land  by  these  Indians  is  to  be  taken  into 
consideration,  and  that  the  tract  of  Paguati  is  the  only- 
one  that  in  a  measure  aids  them  with  the  scant  produce 
in  their  misery;  and  although  at  the  commencement  they 
had  more  land  extending  as  far  as  El  Rito,  they  were  re- 
stricted by  Don  Joaquin  Pino  to  a  tract  of  waste  land,  he 
having  deprived  them  of  the  said  land  by  virtue  of  a 
right  to  it  held  by  his  late  father,  whom  he  represents, 
but  which  land  had  been  abandoned  for  more  than  thirty 
years.  Nevertheless,  his  title  was  recognized,  and  they  are 
so  much  reduced  that  the  only  aid  they  receive  is  from 
Paguati,  where  the  principal  owners  cultivate  the  soil  in 
common  Avith  the  pueblo,  and  those  who  have  no  lands  to 
cultivate  for  their  support  are  in  a  measure  relieved. 

"All  of  which  has  been  well  premeditated  and  consid- 
ered, and  will  be  shown  whenever  an  effort  is  made  to  in- 
jure them  by  depriving  them  of  the  ancient  possession  of 
Paguati.  There  is  no  doubt  that,  presenting  themselves 
in  person  or  through  their  protector  to  the  Superior  Au- 
dience, they  will  be  allowed  to  remain  in  peace,  in  the 
enjoyment  of  what  is  unquestionably  theirs. 

"In  testimony  whereof,  and  in  compliance  with  the 
duties  so  repeatedly  enjoined  upon  me  by  the  royal  laws 
of  the  Recopilacion  of  the  Indies,  I  executed  this  docu- 
ment for  their  protection,  as  Protector  of  the  Indians, 
who  are  so  highly  recommended  to  me  by  the  attorney, 
protector-general  of  the  Indians,  and  for  its  due  authen- 
ticity, I  signed  on  this  said  day,  month  and  year. 

"I  signed  this  as  a  witness  to  the  truth  of  the  state- 
ment made  by  the  Protector.  Eusebio  Aragon 

"This  document  is  approved,  etc.  Narbona" 

Laguna  Pueblo  Tracts  called  the  Laguna  Purchases, 
Reported  No.  30;  File  No.  68. 

This  covers  five  ranches  called  Paguate,  El  Rito,  6i- 
gante,  San  Juan  and  Santa  Ana,  all  near  the  pueblo  of 
Laguna.  The  claim  was  confirmed  by  Congress,  June  21, 
1860.     It  was  patented  September  22,  1884. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   185 

Some  Navajos  wanted  to  leave  Encinal,  San  Jose,  and 
Cubero,  where  they  had  lands  planted,  to  go  to  '^Chelli" 
to  join  their  companions  for  fear  of  the  Cumanches.  They 
asked  the  governor  (Allande)  to  give  them  a  paper  which 
would  prohibit  the  Spaniards  from  taking  their  lands 
while  they  were  absent  and  to  notify  them  at  Laguna  in 
the  event  he  heard  of  the  Cumanches  coming  into  the 
country,  so  that  they  would  receive  word  from  Laguna 
in  time  to  make  their  escape. 

669  IGNACIO  OETIZ.     Santa  Fe,  1824. 

Petition  for  lands  between  the  pueblos  of  Santo  Domingo 
and  San  Felipe.  Referred  to  Provincial  Deputation.  Bar- 
tolome  Baca,  Jefe  Politico. 

670  JOSfil  IGNACIO  ORTIZ.    Santa  Fe.    1824. 

Grant.  Small  piece  of  land.  Possession  by  Santiago 
Abreu,  Alcalde.  Bartolome  Baca,  Jefe  Politico.  Ramon 
Abreu,  Secretary. 

671  ANDRES  ORTEGA.    Alburquerque. 

Petition  for  lands.  1825.  Referred  to  the  Provincial 
Deputation.    Bartolome  Baca,  Jefe  Politico. 

672  JUAN  RAFAEL  ORTIZ.    Sa7ita  Fe. 

Petition  for  land  in  Santa  Fe.  1831.  Refused  by  Terri- 
torial Deputation.  Abreu,  Secretary  Territorial  Deputa- 
tion. Pablo  Montoya,  Ayuntamiento.  Domingo  Fernan- 
dez, Ayuntamiento.  Teodosio  Quintana,  Secretary  pro 
tern  of  Ayuntamiento. 

673  JUAN  RAFAEL  ORTIZ.    Petition.    Santa  Fe,  1833. 

Same  as  No.  672.  No  final  action.  Mateo  Sandoval,  Sin- 
dico. 

674  JOSE  FRANCISCO  ORTIZ  and  Ignacio  Cano.    1833. 

Reported  Claim  No.  43,  q.  v.     Ortiz  ]\Iine  Grant. 

In  1833  about  69,458  acres  in  Santa  Fe  county,  N.  M., 
were  granted  to  Jose  Francisco  Ortiz  and  Ignacio  Cano. 
This  property  was  known  as  the  Ortiz  Mine  Grant.  It 
conflicts  with  the  grant  known  as  the  Mesita  de  Juana 
Lopez,  upon  which  latter  are  located  the  coal  mines  in 
the  vicinity  of  Madrid.  In  1836,  Ignacio  Cano  conveyed 
to  Ortiz  all  his  interest  in  the  grant.  Ortiz  died  in  1848, 
leaving  the  property  to  his  widow,  Maria  Inez  Montoya, 
who,  in  1853,  conveyed  the  property  to  John  Greiner.  In 


186   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

1854,  August  19,  Greiner  sold  the  property  to  Charles  E. 
Sherman  and  associates,  who  in  turn  disposed  of  it  to  the 
New  Mexico  Mining  Company.  This  grant  w^as  confirmed 
by  Congress  in  1861.  Upon  this  property  are  situate  val- 
uable gold  mining  properties. 

675  SANTA  FE.    AYUNTAMIENTO. 

Two  pages  of  the  proceedings,  1836.  Names  of  members : 
Agustin  Duran ;  Felipe  Sena ;  Jose  Maria  Alarid ;  Antonio 
Maria  Ortiz;  Caspar  Brito;  Antonio  Sena;  Jose  Fran- 
cisco Baca  y  Ternis ;  Jesus  Romero ;  Domingo  Fernandez, 
Secretary. 

676  JUAN  OTERO. 

Grant.     1845.    Reported  Claim  No.  106,  q.  v. 

677  ANTONIO  JOSE  DE  OTERO.     1846.     Grant.    ''Ojode 
la  Cahra.''^ 

Letter  of  Miguel  Altamirano  of  the  Superior  Tribunal  de 
Justicia  del  Departame7ito  de  Chihuahua.  Archive  No. 
676  and  Reported  Claim  No.  106,  q.  v. 

This  claim  was  rejected  by  the  court  of  private  land 
claims. 

Proceedings  in  the  matter  of  the  Ojo  de  la  Cabra  ranch 
claimed  by  Antonio  Jose  de  Otero,  of  which  ranch  he 
claimed  he  had  been  unjustly  dispossessed.  It  appears 
that  the  matter  had  reached  the  superior  tribunal  of 
justice  of  the  department  of  Chihuahua,  and  that  tri- 
bunal wrote  to  the  governor  of  New  Mexico  inquiring 
whether  the  general  laws  of  February  28  and  March  2, 
1843,  in  regard  to  superior  tribunals,  were  in  force  in 
his  department,  and  whether  in  compliance  with  articles 
2  and  25  thereof  the  tribunal  of  second  instance  had  been 
created,  or  the  Assembly  (asarablea)  in  exercise  of  its 
constitutional  powers  had  created  the  tribunal  in  some 
other  manner  which  it  considered  better. 

On  April  16,  1846,  Governor  Manuel  Armijo  wrote  to 
the  president  of  the  Assembly,  requesting  him  to  lay  the 
matter  before  that  body  for  its  official  action. 

There  is  nothing  in  this  archive  to  show  that  the  As- 
sembly took  any  action  on  the  matter. 

The  Ojo  de  la  Cabra  is  situated  within  the  boundaries 
of  the  grant  to  the  pueblo  of  Isleta,  at  a  distance  of  about 
10  or  11  miles  east  of  the  Rio  Grande. 

A  claim  covering  this  tract  was  filed  with  the  surveyor- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   187 

general  on  January  29,  1875,  under  the  Act  of  July  22, 
1854,  but  the  claim  was  never  acted  upon  by  Congress. 

After  the  creation  of  the  U.  S.  court  of  private  land 
claims,  a  petition  was  filed  therein,  on  March  2,  1893,  ask- 
ing the  confirmation  of  the  grant,  but  it  was  rejected  on 
November  30,  1896.  An  appeal  was  taken  to  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States,  and  that  court,  on  January 
18,  1899,  dismissed  the  appeal. 

678  SEBASTIAN  de  SALAS  to  Tomas  de  Herrera.    Santa 

Fe,  1703. 

Lands  in  Santa   Cruz.     Antonio   de   Montoya,   Alcalde. 

Xptobal  de  Montoya. 
Tomas   de   Palomino   to   Thomas   de   Herrera.     Villa 

Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.     1700. 

Land.     Roque  Madrid,  Alcalde.    Miguel  Ladron  de  Gue- 

barra. 
Juan  de  Paz  Bustillos  to  Tomas  de  Herrera.     Santa 

Fe. 

Antonio  Aguileka  Isasi,  alcalde. 

Land  in  Santa  Cruz.  Confirmation  of  the  three  foregoing 
conveyances  by  Juan  de  Ulibarri,  Juez  Visitador.  Villa 
Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  1709. 

679  SEBASTIAN  de  MONDRAGON  to  Silvestre  Pacheco. 
Santa  Fe.     1708. 

Land.  Juan  Garcia  de  la  Rivas,  Alcalde.  Francisco 
Lorenzo  de  Casado. 

Silvestre  Pacheco  to  Nicolas  Ortiz.     Santa  Fe,  1708. 
The  above  property.    Juan  Garcia  de  la  Rivas,  Alcalde. 

680  MARIA  DE  PEREA.     Santa  Fe.     1715. 

Will.     Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

This  refers  to  the  parish  church  of  Santa  Fe. 

681  DIEGO  DE  PADILLA.     Grant.     1718. 

Reported  Claim  No.  146.    El  Tajo  Grant,  q.  v. 

This  claim  was  filed  in  the  court  of  private  land  claims, 
confirmed  and  surveyed  for  nearly  52,000  acres.  It  lies 
east  of  the  Rio  Grande  and  the  northern  boundary  is  that 
of  the  south  boundarj^  of  the  grant  to  the  Isleta  pueblo. 
It  was  always  supposed  that  this  property  belonged  to 
the  Indians  of  Isleta,  but  it  has  recently  been  ascertained 


188   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

that  numbers  of  persons  living  within  its  boundaries  have 
rights  by  purchase  from  the  Indians  many  years  ago.  The 
original  grantee  was  Diego  Padilla,  whose  heirs  sold  to 
the  Indians  of  Isleta  about  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  It  was  patented  April  9,  1908.  See  archive 
684. 

682  JOSEPHA   SEDANO  to  Juan  de   la  Mora   Pineda. 

Santa  Fe,  1722. 

House  and  land.  Francisco  Bueno  de  Bohorques  y  Cor- 
cuera,  Alcalde. 

Refers  to  the  ''Rio  Grande  de  dicha  Villa"  and  to  the 
"Rio  Chiquito  de  dha  Villa,"  Santa  Fe. 

683  ANTONIO  BERNAL  of  La  Canada  to  Antonio  Pache- 
co.     1729. 

Land  in  Santa  Fe.    Miguel  Joseph  de  la  Vega,  Alcalde. 

684  DIEGO  DE  PADILLA  vs.  Indians  of  Isleta.     1733. 

Question  of  pasturage.  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Gov- 
ernor.    Juan  Gonzales  Bas,  Alcalde. 

Dispute  between  Diego  de  Padilla  and  the  Indians  of 
Isleta  in  regard  to  the  former's  flocks  trespassing  on  the 
planting  lands  of  the  latter,  and  also  in  regard  to  the 
destruction  of  poles,  forming  a  corral  belonging  to  Padilla 
by  the  said  Indians.    Year  1733. 

The  decision,  by  Governor  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  was  fa- 
vorable to  the  Indians. 

685  DIEGO  PADILLA.    Will. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.  Alburquerque. 
1736.  Enrique  de  Olavide  y  Michelena,  Governor,  Pedro 
Joseph  de  Leon ;  Bernardo  de  Bustamante. 

686  JUAN  PACHECO  vs.  ANTONIO  MARTIN. 

Question  of  inheritance  of  his  wife,  Santa  Cruz,  1736. 
Juan  Estevan  Garcia  de  Noriega,  Alcalde.  Joseph  Garcia 
de  Noriega ;  Juan  Felipe  Rivera.  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gon- 
gora, Governor. 

687  JUAN  JOSEPH  PACHECO  vs.  Sebastian  Martin. 

Question  of  right  to  build  on  certain  land.  Santa  Cruz 
de  la  Canada.  Juan  Estevan  Garcia  de  Noriega,  Alcalde. 
Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor.  Francisco  Valdes  y 
Bustos. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   189 

688  NUESTRA  SENORA  de  la  LUZ  SAN  FERNANDO  y 
SAN  BLAS. 

Grant  on  Rio  Puerco  to  twelve  families  of  Alburquerque. 
1753-1759.  The  names  of  these  twelve  families  are  given 
in  the  grant.  See  conditions  imposed  as  to  pasturage  in 
common.  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor.  Antonio 
Baca,  Alcalde.  Antonio  Marin  del  Valle.  Phelipe  Ta- 
foya,  Procurador. 

689  JUAN  ANTONIO  de  ARCHULETA  to  Marcos  Pache- 
CO.     Santa  Fe,  1755. 

Land  on  the  other  side  of  the  Santa  Fe  river.  Francisco 
Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

690  SEBASTIAN  MARTIN  to  Heirs  of  Juan  Pacheco. 

Nuestra  SeTiora  de  la  Soledad  del  Rio  Arriba.     1763. 

House  and  lot,  etc.  Carlos  Fernandez,  Alcalde.  Pablo 
Francisco  de  Villapando. 

691  TOWN  OF  EL  PASO  del  RIO  del  NORTE  and  Town 
of  San  Lorenzo. 

Question  as  to  right  to  use  timber,  etc.  1765.  Pedro  de 
la  Puente,  Justicia  Mayor  de  El  Paso.  Juan  Antonio 
Calderon;  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor;  Lorenzo 
Antonio  Quaron;  Carlos  Fernandez. 

692  SAN  FERNANDO  del  RIO  PUERCO.    1767. 

Complaint  of  raids  of  Apaches.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de 
Mendinueta,  Governor.     Bartolome  Fernandez. 

693  JUAN  ANTONIO  de  ARCHULETA  to  Francisco  Pa- 
dilla.     Santa  Fe,  1767. 

Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

694  TOWN  OF  ATRISCO,  1768. 

Reported  Claim  No.  145,  q.  v. 

695  FRANCISCO  PADILLA.    Isleta.    1768. 

Relating  to  the  sale  of  one-seventh  of  the  Diego  Padilla 
Grant  to  Clemente  Gutierrez.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de 
Mendinueta,  Governor,  Francisco  Trebol  Navarro,  Al- 
calde. 


190   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

696  JOSEPH  PACHECO,  Santa  Fe,  1771,  vs.  Juan  de  Al- 

ari. 

Question  of  boundaries.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendin- 
ueta,  Governor.    Juan  Antonio  Alari. 

697  EUGENIO   PEREA,   Bernalillo,   vs.   Roque   Gallego, 

1785. 

Question  of  land.  This  is  a  very  voluminous  document  — 
about  75  pages. 

698  JUAN  PADILLA. 

Petition  and  proceedings  in  the  partition  of  estate  of  Se- 
bastian Martin  and  Maria  Lujan,  deceased.  1772.  Pedro 
Fermin  de  Mendinueta,  Governor.  Salvador  Garcia  de 
Noriega,  Alcalde.     Sebastian  Martin  Grant,  reported,  q.  v. 

The  Sebastian  Martin  Land  Grant  was  originally  made 
in  1711,  by  the  governor  and  captain-general  of  New  Mex- 
ico, to  Captain  Sebastian  Martin,  one  of  the  most  prom- 
inent men  of  his  day;  the  grant  embraced  the  valley  of 
the  Rio  Grande  on  both  sides  of  the  river  from  the  bound- 
ary of  the  grant  to  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan  on  the  south 
to  the  end  of  La  Joya  on  the  north  and  to  the  east  as  far 
as  Las  Trampas.  The  settlements  of  Plaza  del  Alcalde, 
Los  Luceros,  La  Villita,  and  La  Joya,  are  all  within  the 
original  grant.  The  grant  contained  over  40,000  acres. 
The  Indians  of  San  Juan  claim  that  Captain  Sebastian 
Martin  gave  them  a  piece  of  the  land  in  the  valley  in  pay- 
ment for  services  in  constructing  the  first  great  irrigation 
ditch  on  the  east  side  of  the  Rio  Grande. 

The  documents  in  the  Sebastian  Martin  Grant  show 
that,  in  1703,  the  original  grantee,  in  company  with 
others,  registered  a  tract  of  land  in  what  is  now  Rio  Ar- 
riba county,  the  original  petition  being  lost.  It  seems 
that  Captain  Martin,  alone  of  those  originally  asking  for 
the  tract,  cultivated  or  remained  upon  any  part  of  it.  He 
petitioned  the  Marques  de  la  Penuela,  asking  that  the 
grant  be  made  to  him  alone,  as  the  others  had  forfeited 
any  right  which  they  might  otherwise  have  had.  There 
is  no  date  to  the  petition,  which  is  as  follows: 

' '  Captain  Sebastian  Martin,  resident  of  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  Villa  de  Santa  Cruz,  appears  before  the  greatness 
of  your  excellency  with  profound  submission,  and  in  the 
most  approved  manner  the  law  allows  me,  and  states,  that 
whereas  in  the  year  1703  Antonio  Martin  and  myself  reg- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    191 

istered  and  denounced  for  both  of  us  a  vacant,  unculti- 
vated, and  unoccupied  tract  of  land  in  Rio  Arriba  [torn] 
a  short  distance  from  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan  [torn] 
present  year,  which  many  years  ago  was  registered  by 
Joseph  Garcia  Jurado,  Sebastian  de  Vargas,  and  Sebas- 
tian de  Polonia,  who  never  occupied  it,  for  which  reason 
they  lost  all  rights  and  title  to  it  as  His  Majesty  (whom 
may  God  preserve)  has  ordered  and  directed  in  his  royal 
laws,  which  registration  and  denouncement  was  made  by 
us  before  the  Marques  de  la  Nava  de  Brazinas,  governor 
and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom,  who  by  virtue  there- 
of was  pleased  to  confer  the  grant  upon  us  in  the  name 
of  His  Majesty,  declaring  the  first  parties  without  any 
right  according  to  the  royal  laws,  in  order  that  they  should 
never  lay  any  claim  to  said  tract,  and  therefore  royal  pos- 
session was  given  to  me  by  the  sergeant  major,  Juan  de 
Ullibari,  by  virtue  of  a  commission  given  to  him  for  that 
purpose  by  General  Don  Francisco  Cuervo  y  Valdes,  which 
I  took  quietly  and  peaceably  without  any  opposition  what- 
ever; and  myself,  as  well  as  five  of  my  brothers,  have  re- 
sided upon  and  possessed  the  same  from  that  time.  I 
have  broken  up  lands,  opened  a  main  ditch  from  the  Rio 
del  Norte  for  irrigating  the  land,  built  a  house  wath  four 
rooms,  and  two  strong  towers  for  defense  against  the  en- 
emy in  case  of  an  invasion,  being  on  the  frontier ;  and  the 
portion  belonging  to  Antonio  Zisneros  was  bought  by  me 
at  royal  sale  from  Josefa  Lujan,  widow  of  the  said  An- 
tonio Zisneros,  which  sale  was  effected  and  took  place  be- 
fore the  Captain  Antonio  Montoya,  who  at  that  time  was 
judge  of  first  instance;  and,  whereas,  all  the  said  instru- 
ments, deeds,  and  titles  belonging  to  said  tract  and  lands 
have  been  lost  and  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  them  al- 
though I  have  diligently  sought  for  them,  and  although 
the  laws  would  protect  me  in  holding  them,  being  in  pos- 
session in  good  faith,  in  case  I  have  not  registered  them, 
however  justice  intervening,  your  excellency  will  be 
pleased  in  view  of  what  I  have  stated,  to  grant  to  me,  in 
the  name  of  his  Majesty,  the  said  tract  and  arable  land, 
also  for  raising  cattle  and  horses,  with  waters,  pastures, 
woodland,  and  watering  places,  in  the  manner  in  which 
said  royal  possession  was  given  to  me,  and  to  the  boundary 
signed  and  measured  by  Lieutenant-General  Juan  Paez 
Hurtado,  who  ran  the  line  from  the  said  pueblo  of  San 
Juan  to  where  he  ordered  a  cross  to  be  placed  as  proof  of 


192   THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

a  boundary,  and  the  others  up  the  river  to  the  canon 
which  reaches  to  El  Enibudo,  and  on  the  east  to  the  river, 
which  leads  from  Chimayo  to  the  Pueblo  of  Picuries,  and 
on  the  west  to  a  table  land  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rio 
del  Norte;  all  of  which  was  given  to  me  in  royal  posses- 
sion by  the  said  sergeant-major  as  above  stated. 

"Sebastian  Martin" 
"In  the  capital  city  of  this  kingdom  and  province  of 
New  Mexico,  on  the  twenty-third  day  of  the  month  of  May, 
in  the  year  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  twelve,  the 
foregoing  petition  was  presented  before  me,  Admiral  Don 
Joseph  Chacon  Medina  Salazar  y  Villaseiior,  gentleman 
of  the  Order  of  Santiago,  Marques  de  la  Penuela,  gov- 
ernor and  captain-general  of  the  said  kingdom,  its  pro- 
vinces, and  Castellan  of  its  forces  and  garrisons  by  His 
Majesty,  the  contents  whereof  having  been  seen  by  me,  I 
consider  it  presented  as  the  law  requires;  and  in  consid- 
eration of  its  contents  and  the  reasons  upon  which  he 
bases  his  petition,  I  confer  upon  him  the  new  grant  as  he 
has  held,  enjoyed,  and  possessed  it,  as  appears  by  his  pe- 
tition, and  of  which  I  declare  him  to  be  the  lawful  owner, 
notwithstanding  any  right  which  any  of  said  citizens  may 
claim  to  said  lands,  who  now,  or  hereafter  shall  be  heard 
in  court  or  out  of  court;  and  I  pray  and  enjoin  upon  my 
successors  to  protect  him  in  the  rights  he  is  so  justly  en- 
titled to,  as  during  the  time  of  my  government,  I  have 
known  him  to  be  the  lawful  owner  thereof,  as  is  well 
known,  declaring,  as  I  do  declare,  without  any  legal  right, 
any  person  who,  with  evil  intentions,  shall  denounce  said 
land,  or  who  shall  enter  suit  against  the  petitioner  for  any 
private  end  or  any  sinister  motive,  against  the  said  Se- 
bastian Martin ;  and  by  virtue  thereof  I  hereby  revalidate 
and  confirm  this  grant,  as  he  requests,  in  order  that  he 
may  enjoy  the  same  for  himself,  his  heirs  and  successors, 
without  injury  to  his  person,  declaring,  as  I  do  declare, 
as  null  and  void,  any  other  instrument  (with  which  an 
adverse  claim  might  be  set  up  against  him)  the  said  Se- 
bastian Martin  having  occupied  the  land  as  his  Majesty 
directs,  and  having  remained  there  at  the  immediate  risk 
of  losing  his  life  by  the  hands  of  the  common  enemy,  said 
tract  being  situate  on  the  frontier,  where  he  has  persisted 
in  remaining  up  to  this  day ;  and  I  direct  my  secretary  of 
government  and  war,  Sergeant  Cristobal  de  Gongora,  to 


'/^rr^?2C> 


^^TTa 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petiiz  de  Cruzate,  Governor  and 

Captain-General,   1683-6,   1689-91. 


J^   C^r^aZ/oJ-  <^  JuzS^ 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don  Joaqu'n  Codallos  y  Eabal, 
Governor  and  ('a])tain-General,  1744,  1749. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  General  Felix  Martinez,  Gov- 
ernor and  Captain-General,  1715-1717. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  («f  Don  Juan  Ignacio  Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don  Pedro  Rod- 

Flores    Mogollon,    Governor   and    Captain-Gen-         riguez  Cubero,  Governor  and  Captain-General, 
era],   1712-1715.  1697-1703. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    103 

proceed  to  said  tract  of  land  and  leave  the  said  Sebastian 
Martin  in  quiet  and  peaceable  possession,  assigning  him 
the  boundaries  he  asks  for. 

•  ••••«•• 

"El  Makques  de  la  Penuela 
"Before  me: 

"Xpttobal  de  Gongora, 

' '  Secretary  of  Government  and  War. ' ' 
The  original  of  this  document  is  very  much  worn  and 
in  places  the  writing  is  almost  entirely  obliterated. 

It  bears  the  seal  of  the  governor's  coat  of  arms.  A 
portion  of  this  land  M^as  given  to  the  town  of  Las  Trampas 
by  the  original  grantee,  Captain  Martin. 

699  JOSE  DE  LA  PENA.     Santo  Domingo.    No  date. 

Petition  for  lands  between  the  pueblos  of  Santo  Domingo 
and  San  Felipe.    No  action. 

700  HEIRS  OF  PINO  vs.  HEIRS  of  GUTIERRES.    Chi- 
huahua, 1909. 

Letter  of  Francisco  del  Valle,  of  the  Real  Audiencia. 

701  JOSE  UVALDO  PINO. 

Petition.  1811.  For  lands  in  ^'El  Sausal."  Valencia 
county.  Manrique,  Governor.  Jose  Antonio  Chaves,  Al- 
calde. 

702  JOSE  ANTONIO  PADILLA. 

Petition,  1814.  Sevillcta.  Ejectment.  Manrique,  Gov- 
ernor.   Jose  Antonio  Chaves,  Alcalde. 

703  JUAN  DE  DIOS  PENA,  Francisco  Ortiz  and  Juan  Bau- 

tista  Aguilar. 

Petition  for  lands  on  the  Pecos.  Santa  Fe,  1814,  Manrique 
Governor.    No  final  action. 

"To  the  lieutenant  colonel  and  acting  governor,  Juan 
de  Dios  Pefia,  a  retired  ensign  of  this  royal  garrison,  for 
himself  and  in  the  name  of  Don  Francisco  Ortiz,  2d,  and 
Don  Juan  de  Aguilar,  residents  of  this  capital,  appear  be- 
fore your  excellency  with  the  greatest  attention  and  due 
respect  that  by  law  is  conferred,  and  saith :  Sir,  that  hav- 
ing large  families  and  owners  of  some  stock,  and  not 
owning  sufficient  pasture  ground  for  our  animals,  nor 
sufficient  tillable  land  for  the  very  necessaiy  maintenance 
of  ourselves  and  families,  we  have  recorded  a  tract  of 


194   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

land  at  this  time,  wild  and  unsettled,  which  is  situate  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  Pecos  Pueblo,  to  the  west,  beyond  the 
limits  of  the  Pueblo,  as  is  well  known  by  the  protector  of 
the  Indians  and  the  alcalde  of  that  jurisdiction,  both  of 
whom  are  aware  that  our  petition  is  not  in  prejudice  to  a 
third  person  nor  to  the  Indians  of  that  district,  for  which 
reason  we  present  this  petition  that  if  your  excellency 
may  deem  it  proper,  and  being  your  pleasure,  respectfully 
ask  that  you  will  grant  the  same  to  us  in  the  name  of 
H.  M.,  (whom  may  God  preserve,)  (de  S.  M.  Q.  D.  G.) 
obligating  ourselves  to  settle  and  cultivate  the  same  with 
the  greatest  possible  exertions,  and  will  keep  arms,  horses, 
horse  equipage,  and  all  other  necessaries  for  our  pro- 
tection and  the  defense  of  the  country.  Therefore  we  re- 
spectfully ask  and  request  your  excellency  to  be  pleased 
to  order  to  be  done  as  we  petition,  that  in  so  doing  we 
will  receive  the  mercy  and  grace  we  petition  for. 

"Juan  de  Digs  Pena 

"Santa  Fe,  March  28,  ISIS?' 

"Santa  Fe,  March  27,  1815. 

"Let  the  Protector  of  the  Indians  report. 

"Maynes" 

"In  exact  compliance  to  instructions  from  H.  E.,  and 
in  view  of  the  solicitude  of  the  petitioners  of  the  said  tract 
of  land  I  answer :  Sir  that  the  said  tract  of  land  is 
independent  of  the  league  and  labor  of  the  natives  of  that 
pueblo,  at  regular  distance  and  entirely  separated  from 
the  possession  of  said  pueblo,  nor  is  it  in  injury  to  a  third 
person.  Your  excellency  can,  therefore,  accede  and  con- 
cede the  grant,  it  being  your  pleasure  to  do  so,  because 
the  wish  of  the  king  is  that  the  desert  tracts  and  places 
shall  be  settled,  permanent  settlers  having  arras,  horses, 
horse  equipage,  and  all  other  necessaries  for  their  defense 
as  they  promise  to  keep.  In  which  view  you  may  grant 
their  petition,  or  as  you  may  please  to  determine  which 
will  be  best.  Felipe  Sandoval. 

' '  Santa  Fe,  March  28,  1815. ' ' 

"The  first  alcalde  of  this  capital  will  make  a  report  of 
what  he  knows  of  himself  or  by  the  reports  of  others  re- 
lative to  their  petition.  Maynes" 

"Santa  Fe,  March  28,  1815. 
"To  THE  Governor  of  this  Province: 

In  view  of  the  protector's  report,  I  would  say:  Sir, 
that  everything  therein  set  forth  is  true,  and  your  excel- 
lency may  determine  as  you  may  deem  proper,  for  the 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   195 

petition  presented  by  the   parties  does  not   injure  any 
person.  Matias  Ortiz" 

"Santa  Fe,  March  29,  1815. 

"The  first  alcalde,  Don  Matias  Ortiz,  being  acquainted 
with  the  order  of  the  establishment,  will  comply  with  the 
petition,  who  will  measure  the  pieces  (suertes)  of  tillable 
land,  limiting  the  grants  solely  to  the  land  they  plough 
and  plant,  with  the  obligation  that  they  shall  enclose  the 
same  to  prevent  the  recovery  of  damages,  because  the 
ground  must  be  common  and  public  pastures  for  the  In- 
dians and  citizens  that  have  a  right  therein. 

"Maynes" 
"Santa  Fe,  June  30,  1815. 

"In  due  compliance  with  the  decree  of  the  governor  of 
this  province,  Don  Alberto  ^laynes,  under  date  of  the  29th 
of  March,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifteen,  I,  Don 
Matias  Ortiz,  first  alcalde  of  the  town  of  Santa  Fe  and 
its  jurisdiction,  proceeded  to  put  in  possession  Don  Juan 
de  Dios  Pena,  retired  ensign,  as  principal  petitioner  of 
this  grant,  and,  at  the  same  time,  Don  Francisco  Ortiz 
and  Don  Juan  de  Aguilar,  as  companions  of  said  ensign ; 
and,  having  arrived  at  the  Pueblo  of  Pecos,  I  measured 
the  league  commencing  at  the  cross  of  the  cemetery  up 
the  river  and  having  measured  the  entire  league  of  the 
Indians  on  the  residue,  I  took  Juan  de  Dios  by  the  hand, 
and  at  the  same  time  his  companions  as  partners  in  the 
said  possession,  and  conducted  them  over  the  ground, 
placing  them  in  legal  possession,  together  with  other  in- 
dividuals who  entered  in  the  same  possession ;  whereupon 
I  delivered  the  same  to  them  in  the  name  of  his  Majesty, 
(whom  may  God  preserve)  ;  they  pulled  up  grass,  threw 
stones,  and  cried  out,  saying  long  live  the  King  of  Spain, 
my  lord,  Don  Fernando  Seventh,  by  the  grace  of  God ;  I 
then  proceeded  to  deliver  to  each  individual  the  pieces 
(suertes  )of  land  that  he  was  entitled  to,  giving  them  to 
understand  that  this  grant  protected  them  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  (suertes)  land  that  I  had  delivered  to  them, 
as  also  to  lots  for  houses  and  building  pens  on,  and  that 
the  other  land  should  remain  common  pasture  ground  and 
watering  places ;  whereupon  they  received  possession 
without  any  opposition.  I  directed  them  at  the  same  time 
that  their  houses  should  be  built  close  together  for  their 
own  defense ;  that  they  should  enclose  their  fields,  in  order 
not  to  claim  damages;  and,  also,  that  they  must  cultivate 


196   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

their  lands  for  the  term  of  five  years,  in  order  to  acquire 
a  good  title  thereto,  and  be  able  to  sell  the  same  to  any- 
other  person ;  and,  further,  that  any  person  who  should 
abandon  the  land  and  not  cultivate  the  same  for  one  year, 
the  land  should  be  taken  from  him  and  given  to  another ; 
and  therefore  thus  I  approved,  ordered,  and  signed,  with 
the  witness  in  my  presence,  with  whom  I  acted  in  the  ab- 
sence of  a  royal  notary  public,  there  being  none  of  any 
class  in  this  government :  to  all  of  which  I  hereby  certify. 

"Matias  Ortiz 
' '  Witnesses : 

"Jose  Silva 

' '  Ygnacio  Ortiz.  ' ' 

704  JOSE  MARTIN  PADILLA.     Santa  Fe,  no  date. 

Inventory  of  his  property,  etc.     No.  705,  q.  v. 

705  JOSE  MARTIN  PADILLA,  Santa  Fe,  1818. 

Inventory  of  his  estate.     Fernando  Delgado,  Alferez. 

706  JOSE  MIGUEL  PEREZ.    Abiquiu.     1818. 

Registration  of  a  mine. 

707  JUAN  ESTEVAN  PINO  vs.  Jose  Apodaca.     Santa  Fe, 

1819. 

Sale  of  a  house  in  Santa  Fe.  Jose  Francisco  Ortiz,  Al- 
calde.    Facundo  Melgares,  Governor. 

708  JUAN  ESTEVAN  PINO,  1824. 

Protest  of  people  of  San  Miguel  del  Bado  against  grant  to 
him  on  their  lands.  Referred  to  the  Territorial  Deputa- 
tion.    Bias  Baca,  Sindico  Procurador. 

709  MARIA  MANUELA  PEREA  vs.  Jose  Garcia  de  la 

Mora,  Alcalde.     Abiquiu.     1824. 

Question  of  lands  bought  from  the  Indians  of  Abiquiu. 
Bartolome  Baca,  Governor. 

710  PEDRO  JOSE  PEREA. 

Grant  on  the  Pecos,  1825.  Made  by  the  Territorial  Depu- 
tation. Antonio  Chaves.  Grant  made  at  same  time. 
Bartolome  Baca,  Governor.  Juan  Bautista  Vigil,  Secre- 
tary. 

711  GEORGE  R.  PRATT,  Santa  Fe.    1833. 

Petition  to  erect  a  saw-mill  and   tannery  in  Santa  Fe 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    197 

caiion.  No  action  taken  because  of  ignorance  as  to 
whether  the  place  asked  for  was  on  land  of  Juan  Jose 
Lujan. 

Reported  Claim  of  Santiago  Ramirez,  q.  v.  This  land 
is  below  Monument  Rock  in  Santa  Fe  cafion.  Abreu, 
Governor.  Santiago  Abreu,  President  of  the  Ayunta- 
miento. 

712  DIEGO  PADILLA. 

Will,  Santa  Fe,  1833.     Antonio  Sena,  Alcalde. 

713  JUAN  ESTEVAN  PINO  vs.  Ayimtamiento  de  Santa 

Fe.     1837-36. 

Question  of  land  in  said  city.  Albino  Perez,  Governor. 
Agustin  Duran,  Alcalde.  Francisco  Ortiz  y  Delgado,  Al- 
calde. 

Refers  to  Don  Juan  Rafael  Ortiz  as  being  Jefe  Politico 
Interino  on  December  10,  1836. 

714  NICOLASA  PEREA  vs.  Juan  Cristobal  Armijo.    Ber- 
nalillo.    1844. 

Question  of  lands.     Tomas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

715  MARIA  ANTONIA  PADILLA  to  Rafael  Padilla.  San- 
ta Fe,  1844. 

House  and  land.     Tomas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

716  JUAN  GRIEGO  and  JULIANA  SAIS,  his  wife  and 

Francisco  Sais  to  Diego  Arias  de  Qniros,  Santa  Fe. 

1718. 

House  and  land.  Francisco  Joseph  Bueno  de  Bohorques 
y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 

Juan  Griego  received  a  concession  of  lands  just  outside 
the  city  of  Alburquerque  in  1708,  as  appears  from  the 
record  of  deeds  on  file  in  Bernalillo  county.  New  Mexico, 
as  follows : 

"Let  it  be  notorious  and  know  all  Avho  may  see  this 
letter  of  testimony,  that  before  me,  Captain  Joseph  Ig- 
nacio  de  la  Plaza,  appeared  Juan  Griego  and  exhibited 
to  me  a  grant  title  which  he  has  in  his  favor,  made  to  the 
Sergeant  Cristobal  de  Gongora,  which  was  somewhat  torn 
but  free  from  any  other  suspicion,  and  its  contents  very 
complete,  and  he  asked  me  to  make  a  literal  copy  of  it, 


198   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

the  original  to  remain  in  the  archives  under  my  charge, 

and  it  is  as  follows: 

[On  margin]  "Petition  of  Juan  Griego, 

"The  Sergeant  Cristoval  de  Gongora  appeared  before 
your  excellency,  Senor  governor  and  captain-general,  ask- 
ing that  all  the  privileges  allowed  by  law  be  given  me, 
and  I  say  that  being  in  this  kingdom,  burdened  with  a 
family,  and  not  having  a  piece  of  land  to  cultivate  as  a 
settler  of  this  kingdom,  for  this  reason  I  register  a  rancho 
uncultivated  and  unoccupied,  which  ruin  was  owned  by 
Luis  de  Carabajal,  formerly  in  the  town  of  Alburquerque, 
betw^een  a  rancho  of  Captain  Diego  Montoya  and  the  house 
of  Captain  Baltazar  Romero,  and  on  the  north  it  is 
bounded  by  lands  of  the  said  Captain  Montoya,  on  the 
south  by  lands  of  Francisco  Lucero,  on  the  east  by  [Note: 
Here  follow  one  or  two  words  which  I  cannot  make  out.] 
mountain  range,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Rio  del  Norte, 
which  rancho  and  agricultural  lands  are  a  little  less 
than  a  quarter  of  a  league  in  width,  in  order  that  I 
may  be  able  to  raise  crops  and  some  stock,  with  entrances 
and  exits,  free  pastures  and  watering  places,  uses  and 
customs,  that  your  excellency  will  be  pleased  said  .  .  . 
grant  in  the  name  of  His  Majesty,  directing  Captain  Mar- 
tin Hurtado,  alcalde  mayor  of  that  jurisdiction,  to  give 
real  possesion  to  the  said  Captain  Baltazar  Romero  in 
my  stead,  and  also  granting  me  the  favor  to  allow  me  a 
long  term  for  its  settlement,  in  order  that  within  such 
term  [Note:  Here  follows  three  words  which  I  cannot  de- 
cipher.] said  tract,  wherefore  of  your  excellency  I  beg 
and  pray  that  you  will  be  pleased  to  admit  this  peti- 
tion granting  me  that  wliich  I  ask,  as  it  is  just,  and  I 
swear  by  God  our  Lord  and  the  Holy  Cross  that  I  do  not 
act  in  bad  faith,  and  that  which  is  necessary,  &c. 

"Cristoval  Gongora 
[On  margin:]  "Presentation. 

"In  the  town  of  Santa  Pe,  capital  of  this  kingdom  and 
provinces  of  New  Mexico,  on  the  twelfth  day  of  the 
month  of  December,  of  the  year  one  thousand  seven  hun- 
dred and  eight,  before  me,  Admiral  Don  Joseph  Chacon 
Medina  Zalasar  Villasefior,  Caballero  de  la  Orden  de  San- 
tiago, Marques  de  la  Penuela,  governor  and  captain-gen- 
eral of  the  said  kingdom  and  provinces  of  New  Mexico, 
castellan  of  the  forces  and  garrison  of  His  Majesty: 
[On  margin:]  "Decree. 

"It  was  Presented  by  the  person  named  in  it,  and 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    199 

having  examined  it,  I  admitted  it,  with  all  the  privileges 
allowed  by  law;  and  being  advised  of  the  justness  of  his 
petition  I  make  him  the  grant  of  the  said  tract  he  asks 
for,  and  I  make  it  in  the  name  of  His  Majesty,  in  order 
that,  as  his  own,  he  may  enjoy  it  for  himself  and  his 
heirs,  without  prejudice  to  any  third  party  who  may  have 
a  better  right,  and  this  decree  shall  serve  as  a  special 
title  for  him ;  and  I  order  the  alcalde  mayor  of  San  Felipe 
de  Alburquerque  to  give  royal  possession  in  the  form  and 
manner  asked  by  the  petitioner  and  without  omitting  a 
single  point  of  that  which  I  order.  And  in  order  that  it 
may  so  appear  thus  I  provided,  ordered  and  signed,  with 
the  undersigned  secretary  of  government  and  war  on  the 
said  day  at  supra. 

"El  Marques  de  la  Penuela 
"By  Order  of  the  governor  and  captain-general: 

"Alfonso  Rael  de  Aguilar, 

"Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 
[On  margin:]  "Royal  possession. 

"I,  Martin  Hurtado,  alcalde  mayor  and  war  captain  of 
the  town  of  San  Felipe  de  Alburquerque,  being  informed 
as  to  the  contents  of  the  order  as  above  issued  by  the 
Marques,  governor  and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom 
of  New  Mexico,  not  discovering  any  better  right,  proceed- 
ed to  give  possession  to  the  said  Captain  Baltazar  Romero, 
in  the  form  and  manner  contained  in  the  petition  of  the 
petitioner,  the  boundaries  being  those  set  forth  in  his  peti- 
tion, this  possession  being  the  most  sufficient  security  that 
he  may  enjoy  them  as  his  own,  and  I  grant  it  in  the  name 
of  His  Majesty,  the  pastures,  waters,  watering  places,  en- 
trances and  exits  free,  as  he  asks,  and,  in  order  that  it 
may  so  appear,  I  signed  it,  with  assisting  witnesses,  acting 
by  delegated  authority  (receptoria) ,  in  the  absence  of  a 
notary  public  or  royal,  of  which  there  is  none  within  two 
hundred  leagues  of  this  kingdom,  and  it  is  done  on  the 
tenth  day  of  January,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
nine,  in  this  town  of  Alburquerque. 

"Before  me,  Juez  receptor,  Martin  Hurtado. 

"Assisting  witness,  Francisco  de  la  Candelaria. 
"Assisting  witness,  Juan  de  la  Mora  Pineda. 

"It  agrees  with  the  original,  whence  I,  the  Ensign, 
Joseph  Ignacio  de  la  Plaza,  directed  it  to  be  taken  lit- 
erally from  its  original,  to  which  I  refer.  It  is  certain 
and  true,  corrected  and  compared,  and  there  were  present 
to  see  it  corrected   and   compared   Captain  Antonio   de 


200   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Chaves  and  Antonio  de  Luna,  residents  of  this  town  of 
Alburqiierque,  where  it  is  made,  on  the  nineteenth  day  of 
the  month  of  May,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
twenty-six. 

"In  testimony  of  truth  I  set  my  hand  and  rubric. 

"Martin  Hurtado"   [rubric] 

717  DOMINGO  de  BALDES  and  ANA  MARIA  MAR- 
QUES, his  wife  to  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros.  Santa  Fe, 
1720. 

Francisco  Joseph  Bueno  de  Bohorques  y  Coreuera,  Al- 
calde. 

718  PEOPLE  of  PUEBLO  QUEMADO. 

Petition,  1749.  To  be  permitted  to  return  to  said  place 
and  cultivate  their  lands  having  been  driven  away  on 
preceding  years  by  Indians.  Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal, 
Governor. 

719  LOS  QUELITES. 

Grant,  1761.  Reported  Claim,  q.  v.  Francisco  Antonio 
Marin  del  Valle,  Governor.  Miguel  Lucero,  Alcalde.  The 
names  of  the  grantees  are  fully  set  out  in  this  grant. 

Mentions  an  attack  made  on  the  frontier  of  "San 
Geronimo  de  los  Thaos'^  by  the  Cumanehes  on  August  4, 
1760. 

720  LOS  QUELITES.     1765. 

Revocation  of  Grant  to  certain  parties  of  the  first  settlers. 
Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor. 

721  JUAN  MARTIN  to  Manuel  Quintana.    Pojoaque.  1769. 

Land  in  Canada  de  Santa  Cruz.  Antonio  Joseph  Ortiz, 
Antonio  Joseph  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

722  ISIDRO  MARTIN  to  Leonicio  Quintana.     Pojoaque. 

1769. 

Land  in  Canada  de  Santa  Cruz.  Antonio  Joseph  Ortiz, 
Alcalde. 

723  JOSE  QUINTANA  vs.  Gregorio  Garcia.    1775. 

Question  of  sale  of  rancho  in  Santa  Cruz.  Don  Pedro 
Fermin  de  Mendinueta,  Governor.  Salvador  Garcia  de 
Noriega. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    201 

724  JUAN  SEGURA  to  Miguel  Quintana.    Santa  Fe,  1827. 

Land  in  Canada  del  Tio  Leonardo.  Testimonio.  Domingo 
Fernandez,  Secretario  del  Cabildo. 

725  TEODOSIO  QUINTANA. 

Eeport  of  Committee  of  Ayuntamiento  in  regard  to  giving 
him  permission  to  build  a  portal  to  his  house. 

726  MARIA  de  los  ANGELES  QUINTANA  and  Jose  Pablo 

Griego  to  Gaspar  Ortiz.    Santa  Fe.     1844. 

Land.     Tomas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

Mentions  the  "C amino  Real  de  Cuma."  For  " Cuma" 
see  No.  423  (Lucero  de  Godoy),  leaf  3. 

727  ANTONIO  ORTIZ. 

Grant,  1819.     Eeported  Claim  No.  42,  q.  v. 

728  CLARA  RUIZ  de  CACERES  vs.  Pedro  Barela  de  Lo- 

sada.     San  Lorenzo  de  la  Toma  del  Rio  del  Norte.  1682. 

Question  of  lands.  Antonio  de  Otermin,  Governor.  Juan 
Lueero  de  Godoy,  Alcalde. 

This  is  the  oldest  of  the  archives  in  the  office  of  the  sur- 
veyor-general. It  bears  the  signatures,  among  others  of 
Don  Antonio  de  Otermin,  Nicolas  Luzero  de  Godoy,  and 
Simon  de  Molina.  The  petition  is  addressed  to  the  gov- 
ernor, dated  July  12,  1682,  and  is  as  follows : 

"Clara  Ruiz  de  Caceres,  widow,  a  resident  of  the  Prov- 
inces of  New  Mexico  and  handmaid  {asistenta)  in  this 
military  camp  of  San  Lorenzo,  appears  before  Your  Ex- 
cellency in  the  most  ample  form  of  law,  waiving  no  rights 
guaranteed  to  me  favorable  to  my  cause,  and  state:  That 
about  one  year  ago  the  sergeant  major,  Sebastian  de 
Herrera  gave  me  a  hut  (rancho)  built  by  him  and  his 
son-in-law,  Nicolas  Luzero,  a  hut  for  me  to  live  in  and  for 
me  as  I  have  lived  and  taken  care  of  it  and  fixed  it  up  as 
my  own. 

"And  now,  without  my  being  at  my  house  (cassa)  came 
the  Adjutant,  Pedro  Barela  de  Posada  and  went  into  my 
hut  and  put  all  of  my  household  goods  outside,  throwing 
them  out  on  the  commons,  without  considering  that  they 
might  be  stolen  in  my  absence. 

"For  all  of  which  I  ask  and  pray  that  Your  Excellency 
be  pleased  to  order  said  Pedro  Barela  to  get  out  of  the 
said  hut  and  leave  it  to  me  as  it  was  given  to  me  by  the 


202    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

said  Sebastian  de  Herrera  for  me,  which  necessarily  he 
must  declare  and  Your  Excellency  will  deign  to  protect 
me  as  a  poor  widow  who  has  no  one  to  even  cut  a  stick 
with  which  to  build  another. 

"I  swear  before  God  and  by  this  cross  that  this,  my 
petition,  is  not  made  in  malice,  but  in  search  of  justice 
which  I  hope  to  receive  from  the  Catholic  breast  of  Your 
Excellency. 

' '  Imploring  the  Royal  aid  in  that  which  is  necesary,  etc. 

"Clara  Ruiz" 

"Presented  by  the  Petitioner  on  the  12th  day  of  July, 
in  the  year  1682  and  examined  by  His  Excellency  who 
commands  that  the  alcalde  ordinario,  Juan  Lucero  de 
Godoy,  shall  go  to  the  hut  from  where  the  petitioner  says 
she  was  ejected  and  leave  her  in  possession  as  she  had 
been.  And  if  the  adjutant,  Pedro  Barela,  should  have 
any  charges  to  make  by  way  of  justification,  to  hear  them 
according  to  law,  that  the  place  may  be  given  to  the  one 
entitled  to  it. 

"I  have  so  ordered,  decreed  and  signed. 

"Antonio  de  Otermin  [rubric] 

' '  Before  me  the  present  special  secretary  of  government 
and  war.  Luis  Granillo    (rubric) 

' '  Special  Sec.  of  Gov.  and  War. ' ' 

The  writ  was  served  on  July  12,  1682,  by  Juan  Lucero 
de  Godoy,  alcalde  ordinario ;  Pedro  Barela  de  Posada 
claimed  that  the  hut  was  his  and  his  brother-in-law 's,  Nico- 
las Lucero  de  Godoy ;  that  Sebastian  de  Herrera  had  help- 
ed to  build  it.  He  agreed  to  obey  the  writ  pending  in- 
vestigation of  his  own  charges  and  claims;  that  he  had 
notified  Clara  Ruiz  to  vacate  and  had  sent  the  notification 
by  Jose  de  Arvisu  and  she  had  not  done  so ;  that  he  put 
the  goods  out  under  a  cottonwood  tree  and  had  had  them 
guarded  until  Clara  Ruiz  returned;  she  denied  having 
been  notified ;  and  Jose  de  Arvisu  gave  as  an  excuse  that 
it  "had  departed  from  his  memory." 

This  is  signed  by  Juan  Lucero  de  Godoy  with  his  rubric. 
The  signatures  of  Pedro  Barela  de  Posada,  Antonio  Lucero 
de  Godoy,  and  Sebastian  Gonzales  also  appear  here.  Se- 
bastian de  Herrera  also  made  a  statement  before  the  al- 
calde ordinario ;  he  denied  that  the  hut  was  built  for  her ; 
that  the  hut  had  been  loaned  to  her  by  him ;  says  he  is 
forty-four  years  of  age ;  this  part  of  the  proceeding  is 
signed  by  Sebastian  de  Herrera,  Pedro  Barela  de  Posada, 
Simon  de  Molina,  with  their  rubrics. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    203 

Nicolas  Lucero  de  Godoy,  26  years  of  age,  said  that  he 
built  the  hut  along  with  his  father-in-law,  the  sergeant 
major,  Sebastian  de  Herrera;  that  the  hut  was  loaned  to 
Clara  Ruiz  while  they  went  to  San  Lorenzo  to  spend  Holy 
Week. 

''At  the  Town  of  San  Lorenzo,  of  the  Dam  of  the  River 
Del  Norte,  on  the  18th  day  of  July,  1682,  in  the  prose- 
cution of  this  cause,  the  said  alcalde  ordinario  [torn]  wit- 
nesses read  and  made  notorious  the  declaration  of  the  ser- 
geant major,  Sebastian  de  Herrera,  and  of  the  adjutant, 
Nicolas  Luzero.  to  Clara  Ruiz  de  Caceres,  in  her  proper 
person ;  that  if  she  has  any  allegations  to  make  or  other 
witnesses  to  be  heard,  they  will  be  received  and  examined. 

"She  said  that  having  heard  and  understood  them  (the 
declarations)  she  then  and  there  desired  and  withdrew 
from  the  suit  (pleito)  and  demand  she  has  for  the  hut 
and  that  in  supposition  that  what  the  said  Sebastian  de 
Herrera  and  Nicolas  Luzero  state  in  their  declaration  is 
sufficient  reason  that  said  Pedro  Barela  should  live  in  said 
hut,  then  what  can  she  say?  Inasmuch  as  they  are  the 
owners  and  the  ones  who  built  it,  and  this  she  gave  as  her 
answer;  and  I  said  alcalde  signed  it  with  these  witnesses 
and  she  said  that  she  did  not  know  how  to  sign. 

"Juan  Luzero  de  Godoy  [Rubric] 

"Antonio  Luzero  de  Godoy  [Rubric] 

"Mathias  Luzero  [Rubric]" 

729  DOMINGO  MARTIN  SERRANO  to  Sebastian  Rod- 
riguez.    Santa  Fe,  1697. 

Land.     Diego  Arias  de  Quires,  Alcalde.     Joseph  de  Con- 
treras,  Antonio  de  Aguilera  Issasi. 

730  TESTIMONIO  of  the  above ;  not  signed. 

731  JUAN  RODELO. 

Will,  Santa  Fe,  1716.     Juan  Garcia  de  las  Rivas,  Alcalde. 

732  JOSE  CASTELLANOS  to  Miguel  Garcia  de  las  Rivas. 
Santa  Fe,  1701.  El  Sitio  del  Pueblo  Viejo  de  la  Cien- 
ega. 

Testimonio.     Joseph  Rodriguez,  Alcalde. 

733  ALFONZO  RAEL  de  AGUILAR. 

Grant,  1704.     Reported  Claim  No.  81,  q.  v. 


204    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

734  PEDRO  FELIPE  RODRIGUEZ. 

Will,  Santa  Fe,  1784.        Jose  Maldonado,  Teniente. 

735  JUANDEMESTAStoIgnacioRoibal.    Santa  Fe.  1705. 

Land  on  Cuyamungue  river,  adjoining  Rancho  Jacona. 
Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  Antonio  Albares  de  Cas- 
trillon. 

Juan  de  Mestas  Grant,  Reported  No.  80,  was  filed  in  the 
office  of  the  surveyor-general  and  was  surveyed  for  an 
area  of  more  than  1,600  acres,  all  of  which  was  within 
the  limits  of  the  Pojoaque  Grant.  The  court  of  private 
land  claims  dismissed  the  claim. 

One  of  the  oldest  grants  is  the  one  made  to  Juan  de 
Mestas,  being  the  land  mentioned  in  this  archive.  The 
grant  was  made  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  the 
successor  of  General  De  Vargas;  the  land  originally  ap- 
plied for  is  described  in  the  petition  as  "extending  from 
the  house  erected  by  Don  Jacinto  Palaes  (Captain)  to- 
ward the  river-side,  below  the  Pueblo  of  Pojoaque,  and 
to  a  bluff  and  hollow  formed  thereby,  which  are  the 
boundaries,  and  on  the  south  side  to  the  hills,  and  on  the 
north  side  to  the  same."  Possession  was  given  by  the 
sergeant  major,  Francisco  de  Analla  Almazan,  and  the 
maestre  de  campo,  Roque  Madrid.  The  land  extended 
toward  the  old  pueblo  of  Jacona. 

Town  of  Jacona  Grant,  Reported  No.  92,  Avas  confirmed 
by  the  court  of  private  land  claims  and  under  the  survey 
contains  6,  952  acres.  Of  this  there  is  a  conflict  with  the 
grant  to  the  pueblo  of  San  Ildefonzo  amounting  to  902 
acres  and  nearly  2,776  acres  of  a  conflict  with  the  grant 
to  the  pueblo  of  Pojoaque,  and  more  than  1163  acres  con- 
flict with  the  grant  to  the  pueblo  of  Tesuque.  The  grant 
was  patented  November  15,  1909. 

736  DIEGO  MARTIN  by  his  attorney,  Juan  de  Dios  Martin 
de  Sandobal,  to  Ursula  Ramos.  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa 
Cruz.     1710. 

Land.     Juan  de  Uribarri,  Alcalde. 

737  DIEGO  DE  VELASCO  to  Juan  de  los  Rios.  Santa  Fe, 
1712. 

Land.     Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    205 

738  JUAN  DE  APODACA  to  Lorenzo  Rodriguez.  Santa  Fe, 

1712. 

Land.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  Joseph.  Maria 
Giltomey. 

739  ALPHONZO  RAEL  de  AGUILAR. 

Grant.  Mine.  1713.  Juan  Ignacio  Flores  Mogollon, 
Governor. 

740  JUAN  ALONZO  de  MONDRAGON  and  Sebastiana 
Truxillo  to  Santiago  Romero.  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa 
Cruz.     1713. 

Land.     Juan  Garcia  de  la  Ribas,  Alcalde. 

741  FRANCISCO  XAVIER  ROMERO.    Grant.    1716. 

Land  in  the  Canada  de  Santa  Cruz.  Re-validated  by 
Phelix  Martinez,  Governor. 

742  ANDRES  de  la  PAZ  and  Francisca  Antonia  Guijosa  to 

Santiago  Romero. 

House  and  lands  in  Canada  de  Santa  Cruz.  Francisco 
Joseph  Bueno  de  Bohorques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde.  Joseph 
Manuel  Giltomey. 

Shows  that  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Canada  was  on  the  south 
side  of  the  river  in  1720. 

743  ANTONIO  de  ABEYTIA  to  Francisco  Rendon.    Santa 

Fe,  1721. 

House  and  land.  Francisco  Joseph  Bueno  de  Bohorquez 
y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 

744  DIEGO  DURAN  to  ALONZO  RAEL  de  AGUILAR. 
Santa  Fe,  1721. 

House  and  land.     Bohorquez,  Alcalde. 

745  IGNACIO  de  ROIBAL  vs.  Juan  de  Mestas.  Villa  Nu- 
eva de  Santa  Cruz.     1721. 

Question  of  boundaries.  Don  Juan  Domingo  de  Busta- 
mante,  Governor. 

746  FRANCISCO  SAIS  to  Alonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar.  Santa 

Fe,  1721. 

Land.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  Miguel  de  San- 
doval Martinez. 


206    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

747  MARIA  GUTIERRES  to  Francisco  Rendon.  Santa 
Fe,  1728. 

Land.     Diego  Arias  de  Quiros. 

748  FRANCISCO    JOSEPH    CASADOS    and   Maria    de 

Arcliiveque,  his  wife,  to  Jose  Riaiio.    Santa  Fe,  1729. 

House  and  land.     Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  Dimas 
Jiron. 

749  MANUEL  CASILLAS  to  Juan  Phelipe  de  Ribera. 
Santa  Fe,  1731. 

House  and  land. 

750  BALTAZAR  ROMERO  to  Juan  Jose  Romero.     1752. 

Reported  Claim  No.  109,  q.  v.     Francisea  Antonia  Gijosa. 

751  CRISTOVAL  XARAMILLO.  Alburquerque,  1736,  to 
Matias  Romero. 

Land.     Geronimo  Xaramillo,  Alcalde.     Isidro  Sanches. 

752  DIEGO  DE  TORRES  and  Maria  Martin,  his  wife,  of 
Chama,  to  Nicolas  Romero.  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz. 
1736. 

Juan  Estevan  Garcia  de  Noriega,  Alcalde. 

753  FRANCISCO  MARTIN  and  Casilda  de  Contreras,  his 
wife,  of  Enibiido,  to  Juana  Maria  Romero.  Villa  Nueva 
de  Santa  Cruz,  1736. 

Land  in  rancho  called  "Chico  Payemo."     Juan  Estevan 
Garcia  de  Noriega,  Alcalde. 

754  DIMAS  GIRON  de  TEGEDA  and  Ignacio  Roibal  vs. 

Juan  Rodriguez.     1736. 

Question  of  lands  in  Rio  Arriha.     Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gon- 
gora,  Governor. 

755  MARIA  de  SAN  JOSEPH.     San  Geronimo  de  Taos. 

1735. 

Division  of  her  property.     Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora, 
Governor.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

756  JUAN  RODRIGUEZ. 

Will,  inventory,  and  partition  of  his  estate.     Santa  Fe, 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    207 

1738.  Henrique  de  Olavide  y  Miehelena,  Governor.  An- 
tonio Montoya,  Alcalde. 

757  MARCIAL  GARCIA  of  Alburquerque  to  Melclior  Rod- 
riguez.    Santa  Fe.     1738. 

Land  in  Santa  Fe.     Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 

758  JOSEPH  DE  RIANO  vs.  Juan  Lucero.     Santa  Fe,  1732. 

Question  of  entrances  and  exits  in  Santa  Fe.  Gervasio 
Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor.     Juan  Lucero  de  Godoy. 

On  page  2  or  leaf  16  of  this  manuscript  it  appears  that 
at  one  time  there  was  a  church  on  the  north  side  of  the 
plaza,  either  immediately  adjoining  or  within  a  very  few 
varas  of  the  Palace  of  the  Governors.  This  is  the  church 
referred  to  in  archives  No.  8  and  No.  169,  and  it  was  in 
this  church  in  all  prolahility  that  the  hocly  of  Don  Diego 
de  Vargas  was  interred.     See  his  will. 

759  DIEGO  ROMERO. 

Will,  Taos,  1742.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Re- 
ported Claim  No.  158,  q.  v.  Cristobal  de  la  Serna,  of 
Los  Ranchos  de  Taos. 

760  ANDRES  ROMERO,  Francisco  Romero,  Antonio  de 
Atencio,  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo. 

Petition  for  partition  of  lands  of  the  estate  of  Diego 
Romero.  San  Geronimo  de  Taos,  1743.  Rancho  called 
''Rio  de  Las  Trampas."  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 
Reported  Claim  No.  158,  q.  v.     Archive  No.  759 

761  FRANCISCO  MAGRINAN.    Santa  Fe,  1744. 

Registration  of  a  mine.  Situate  three  leagues  from  the 
pueblo  of  Picuries.  Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor. 
Joseph  de  Terms;  Francisco  de  Roa  y  Carrillo;  Joseph 
Romo  de  Vera. 

762  JOSE  RIANO.    Santa  Fe,  1744. 

Proceedings  in  the  settlement  of  his  estate.  Joachin  Co- 
dallos y  Rabal,  Governor;  Antonio  Aramburu;  Antonio 
Hulibarri,  Alcalde. 

763  FRANCISCO  ORTIZ.    Santa  Fe,  1744. 

Registration  of  a  mine  near  the  pueblo  of  the  Picuries. 
Donation  of  the  same  to  Francisco  Roa  y  Carillo.  Joachin 
Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor. 


208    THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


764  FEANCISCO  GUERRERO.    Santa  Fe,  1744. 

Registration  of  a  mine  near  the  pueblo  of  the  Pic  lines. 
Donation  of  the  same  to  Francisco  Roa  y  Carillo.  Codal- 
los  y  Rabal,  Governor. 

765  ALFONZO  RAEL  de  AGUILAR.  Will.  Santa  Fe, 
1745. 

Antonio  Ulibarri,  Alcalde. 

Alfonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar  or  Pueblo  of  Cuyamungue 
Grant.  Reported  No.  81.  This  grant  was  approved  by 
the  surveyor-general  for  about  6  acres,  all  of  the  land 
being  within  the  limits  of  the  Pueblo  of  Pojoaque  Grant. 
The  court  of  private  land  claims  rejected  the  grant.  This 
is  not  the  Bernardo  de  Sena  Grant  which  was  confirmed 
by  the  court  of  private  land  claims. 

766  MANUEL  MONTOYA  and  Pedro  de  Holiba  to  Juan  de 
Dios  Romero.  San  Francisco  Xavier  del  Pueblo  Que- 
mado,  Partido  de  Chimayo.     1750. 

Land.     Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Alcalde. 

767  SEBASTIAN  MARTIN  to  Manuel  Ramos  Barela.  San 
Xavier  del  Pueblo  Quemado.  Partido  de  Chimayo, 
1750. 

Land.     Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Alcalde. 

768  MANUEL  RAMOS. 

Will,  Puehlo  Quemado,  1750.  Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Al- 
calde. 

769  HEIRS  of  ALPHONSO  RAEL  de  AGUILAR,  Santa 

Fe,  1750. 

Petition  for  possession  of  Grant  made  to  him.  Petition 
refused.  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor.  Juan  An- 
tonio Gonzales  del  Peral.  Joseph  de  Bustamante  de  Tagle. 

770  JOSEPH  RIANO,  Santa  Fe,  1753,  to  Nicolas  Ortiz. 

Land. 

771  JUAN  DE  DIOS  ROMERO. 

Grant.  Nicolas  Romero,  Julian  Romero,  Miguel  Des- 
pinosa,  Ventura  Despinosa,  Xavier  Romero,  Cristobal 
Martin,  Bernardo  Romero,  Salvador  Espinosa,  Tadeo  Es- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    209 

pinosa,  Domingo  Romero,  Francisco  Vernal,  Joseph  Man- 
uel Gonzales,  Juan  Luis  Romero. 

Grant  made  by  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor.  Pos- 
session given  by  Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Alcalde,  1754.  One 
hundred  and  fifty  varas  were  given  to  each  settler  and  one 
league  of  "  egido"  to  them  all  in  addition  to  house  and 
lot  and  garden  in  the  town.  The  boundaries  of  the  " egido" 
are:  East:  la  toma  de  la  acequia  de  el  rio  del  Puehlo  Que- 
mado ;  west :  el  camino  real  que  para  Picunes ;  north : 
las  corrientes  del  rio  de  las  Truchas ;  south:  el  alto  in- 
mediato  al  referido  Rio  Pueilo  Quemado.  Name  of  the 
town;  Nuestra  Senora  del  Rosario  San  Fernando  y  San- 
tiago. 

772  PEDRO  TAFOYA  to  Salvador  Matias  de  Rivera.  1755. 
Santa  Fe. 

House  and  lot.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

773  JUAN  JOSEPH  MORENO.    Grant.    1754. 

Land  in  Santa  Cruz.  Made  by  Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal, 
Governor.  Possession  given  by  Manuel  Sanz  de  Garvisu, 
Alcalde. 

JUAN  JOSEPH  MORENO  and  Juana,  his  wife,  to  San- 
tiago Roibal.     Vicario  y  Juez  Eclesiastico. 

Donation,  Santa  Fe,  1755.  The  land  included  in  the 
above  grant.  Francisco  Antonio  Marin  del  Valle,  Gover- 
nor. Juan  Francisco  de  Arroniz;  Antonio  Aramburu; 
Manuel  Sanz  de  Garvisu;  Phelipe  Jacobo  de  Vuanue. 

774  MANUEL  A  RAEL  de  AGUILAR. 

Will,  San  Antonio,  1758.  Also  proceedings  in  the  parti- 
tion of  her  estate.  Francisco  Antonio  Marin  del  Valle, 
Governor. 

775  GREGORIO  CRESPIN  to  Antonio  Rivera.     Santa  Fe, 
1762. 

House  and  land.     Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde. 

776  JUANA  ROMERO. 

Will,  Cieneguilla,  1762.     Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde. 

777  BLAS  LOVATO  to  Tomas  Roibal.     Santa  Fe.    1764. 

House  and  lot.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 


210   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

778  FRANCISCO  XAVIER  ROMERO,  son  of  Diego  Ro- 
mero. 

Question  of  boundaries  with  Andres  Romero.  Private 
Land  Claim  No.  158,  q.  v.     Cristobal  de  la  Serna  Grant. 

779  FRANCISCO  XAVIER  RODRIGUEZ. 

"Will,  1764.     Santa  Fe.     Tomas  Madrid,  teniente. 

780  SAN  GAVRIEL  de  LAS  NUTRIAS. 

Grant,  1765.  On  Rio  Grande  near  Belen.  Made  by 
Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor.  Originally  to  30  fam- 
ilies, the  names  of  which  are  given  in  the  grant  No.  645 
and  781,  q.  v. 

781  FRANCISCO  ROMERO,  alias  "Ta/ac/ieCo2/o^e."    In- 
testate.    Taos.     1765. 

Inventory  of  his  estate.  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Gover- 
nor. Reported  Claim  No.  158,  q.  v.  Grant  to  Cristobal 
de  la  Serna. 

782  JOSEPH  MIGUEL  de  la  PENA  to  Nicolas  Rael  de 
Aguilar.     Santa  Fe.     1765. 

House  and  land.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

783  MARIA  ROMERO.     Embudo.     1766.     vs.  Maria  An- 
tonia  Villapando. 

Question  of  land.  Felipe  Tafoya,  Procurador;  Tomas 
Veles  Cachupin,  Governor. 

784  TORIBIO  de  ORTIZ  to  Manuel  Rodriguez.    Santa  Fe. 
1766. 

House  and  land.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Juan 
Francisco  Niiio  Ladron  de  Guebara,  Francisco  Estevan 
Tafoya. 

785  JUAN  DE  LEDESMA  to  Vicente  Rodrig-uez.    Santa  Fe. 
1767. 

House  and  land.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde,  Fran- 
cisco Xavier  Fragoso. 

786  MARIA  ROSALIA  ROMERO  vs.  Pablo  Salazar.  1768. 

Question  of  boundaries  of  contiguous  ranches  in  Sandia. 
Pedro  Fermin  de  Mindinueta,  Governor.  Domingo  de 
Luna. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    211 

787  JUAN  ANTONIO  RODRIGUEZ  to  Isidro  Rodriguez. 

Santa  Fe,  1768. 

House  and  lot.  Phelipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde.  Lucas  Moya, 
Antonio  de  Armenta,  Joseph  Garcia  de  la  Mora. 

788  JOSEPH  MIGUEL  de  RIVERA.     Santa  Fe,  1769. 

Phelipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde.     Joachin  Lain. 

789  MARIA  MESTAS  to  Juan  Bautista  Romero.    1769. 

Land  in  Cuyamungue.  Antonio  Josef  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 
Manuel  de  Arteaga. 

790  JUANA  ROIBAL. 

Will,  Santa  Fe,  1770.  Phelipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde.  Antonio 
Joseph  Garcia  de  la  Mora. 

791  SAN  GABRIEL  de  LAS  NUTRIAS. 

Grant,  1771.  Commission  to  settle  to  sixteen  families. 
Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta,  Governor;  Joseph  Garcia 
de  Noriega,  Alcalde ;  Antonio  Duran ;  Joseph  Gonzales 
Serna.     No.  645  and  780,  q.  v. 

792  MIGUEL  ROMERO.    Will. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.  Cochiti,  1771. 
Nerio  Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde;  Pedro  Antonio  Trujillo; 
Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde ;  Andres  Montoya ;  Joseph 
Miguel  de  la  Peiia;  Antonio  Moreto. 

793  MARIA  MANUELA  OLGUIN  vs.  Maria  Estela  Palo- 
mino Rendon.     1770.     Santa  Fe. 

Question  of  inheritance  of  the  two  children  of  plaintiff, 
grandsons  of  Joseph  Miguel  Tafoya,  deceased,  who  is  the 
husband  of  defendant.  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta, 
Governor.  Santiago  Roibal,  Juez  Eclesiastico,  Salvador 
Ribera,  Joseph  Miguel  de  la  Peiia. 

794  JUAN    ANTONIO   ARCHULETA   to   Vicente    Rod- 
riguez, Santa  Fe,  1771. 

Land.  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.  Antonio  de  Ar- 
menta, Antonio  Joseph  de  la  Mora. 

795  TORIBIO  ORTIZ  to  Manuel  Rodriguez.     Santa  Fe, 
1772. 

Land.  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.  Joseph  de  Ar- 
menta. 


212    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

796  SALVADOR  de  ARCHULETA  to  Vicente  Rodriguez. 

Santa  Fe,  1772. 

Land,  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.  Simon  de  Ar- 
menta. 

797  MARCOS  RODRIGUEZ. 

Will,  Santa  Fe,  1772.  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Antonio  de 
Armenta. 

798  JUAN   ANTONIO    GURULE    to    Domingo    Romero. 

1775. 

Land  in  the  Cieneguilla  which  he  inherited  from  his  wife, 
Maria  Montoya.  Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde.  Joseph 
de  Armenta.  Reported  Claim — The  Cieneguilla  Tract, 
q.  V. 

Domingo  Romero  was  the  grantee  of  the  Mesita  de 
Juana  Lopez  along  with  Miguel  Ortiz  and  Manuel  Ortiz, 
his  half  brothers — the  grant  was  made  by  Governor  Juan 
Bautista  de  Anza,  1782.  Madrid  coal  mines  are  on  this 
property. 

799  MIGUEL  ROMERO.     Canada  de  Cochiti.     1775. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.  Pedro  Fermin  de 
Mendinueta,  Governor.  Juan  Antonio  Lujan,  Tomas  de 
Sena,  Miguel  Ortiz,  Domingo  Labadia. 

800  MANUELA  ROIBAL. 

"Will,  Santa  Fe,  1778.  Joseph  Miguel  de  la  Peiia,  Antonio 
Serrano. 

801  GRANT  OF  LAND  on  Rio  Colorado  to  50  Families. 

1842. 

Correspondence  on  this  subject  between  J.  Andres  Archu- 
leta, prefect  of  the  first  district,  and  Guadalupe  Miranda, 
secretario  de  Gohierno.  Question  as  to  the  right  of  the 
prefect  to  grant  lands  for  agricultural  purposes.  Report- 
ed Claim  No.  93. 

In  the  year  1836,  the  aynntamiento  of  Taos  made  this 
grant  to  Antonio  Elias  Armenta,  Jose  Victor  Sanches  and 
Jose  Manuel  Sanchez.  Don  Antonio  Jose  Ortiz,  Don  San- 
tiago Martinez  and  Juan  Antonio  Lobato  were  members 
of  the  aynntamiento  as  was  also  Dr.  David  Waldo,  an 
American  citizen.  This  property  is  known  as  the  Canyon 
del  Rio  Colorado ;  the  grant  was  made  under  powers  given 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   213 

to  alcaldes  and  ayuntamientos  known  as  the  "Siete 
Leyes;"  according  to  Don  Donanciano  Vigil  this  law  was 
repealed  in  1838. 

In  1829,  being  a  sergeant  of  the  Santa  Fe  Company, 
Vigil  accompanied  a  body  of  200  soldiers  on  a  campaign 
against  the  Utes  and  was  at  the  little  town  of  Rio  Colo- 
rado which  at  that  time  had  about  fifty  families.  The 
houses  were  all  equipped  with  "loop-holed"  battlements 
for  the  purpose  of  safety  in  fighting  off  Indians.  In  1845 
Captain  Pablo  Dominguez  was  sent  from  Santa  Fe  into 
this  part  of  the  country  on  a  campaign  against  the  Chey- 
enne (Panana,  Dominguez  calls  them)  Indians  who  had 
been  raiding  in  that  country  killing  shepherds. 

802  VICENTE  ROIBAL  and  MARCELINO  ORTIZ. 

Archive  No.  398,  q.  v. 

803  MARIA  LUISA  RIBERA. 

Will.    Santa  Fe,  1823.    Manuel  Baca,  Sargento. 

804  JOSE  GUADALUPE  ROMERO  and  IGNACIO  BACA. 
Petition,  Santa  Fe,  1824. 

Asks  for  land.    No  action  taken. 

805  PABLO  ROMERO  and  others. 

Petition.  1824.  Land  on  the  Chama  river.  Referred  by 
Truxillo,  president  of  the  jurisdiction  of  Ahiquiu,  to  Bar- 
tolome  Baca,  jefe  politico. 

806  MIGUEL  RIVERA.     No.  807,  q.  v. 

807  MIGUEL  RIVERA  and  six  others. 

Grant.  Land  on  the  Pecos.  Made  by  Diputacion  Pro- 
vincial on  March  3,  1825.  Boundaries :  East :  The  Arroyo 
que  haja  de  la  sierra  y  pija  al  rio;  y  por  aha  jo  la  hareda 
que  haja  del  Tecolote  y  Casita  que  le  llaman  de  la  Guada- 
lupe; por  el  oriente  queda  tamhien  la  sierra,  y  al  poniente 
el  citado  rio." 

808  MIGUEL  RIVERA  vs.  Diego  Padilla.    Santa  Fe,  1825. 

Petition  to  Diputacion  Territorial.  No  action  taken.  Land 
in  San  Miguel. 

809  MANUEL  RIVERA. 

Petition  for  land  in  the  Arroyo  Hondo.  Santa  Fe.  No 
final  action  taken.    1827. 


214   THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Quintana,  Secretary  of  the  Territorial  Deputation.  Jose 
Francisco  Baca,  Governor.  Juan  Jose  Lujan,  Sindico 
Proeurador.  Vincente  Baca,  of  the  Ayuntamiento.  Do- 
mingo Fernandez,  Secretary  of  the  Ayuntamiento. 

Domingo  Fernandez,  who  appears  in  this  archive,  in  his 
testimony  before  the  surveyor-general  of  New  Mexico, 
says  that  he  was  the  collector  of  rents  and  tithes  of  the 
religious  society  known  as  "Nuestra  Sefiora  de  la  Luz." 
It  has  been  claimed  that  the  society,  known  as  the  "Pen- 
itentes, ' '  had  its  origin  in  New  Mexico  with  that  of  Nues- 
tra  Sefiora  de  la  Luz ;  this  is  not  correct.  The  last  named 
society  became  the  owner  by  purchase  of  what  is  known 
as  the  "Lamy  Grant"  or  rancho.  Domingo  Fernandez 
gives  us  the  names  of  the  vicarios  of  the  Catholic  church 
in  New  Mexico  from  the  time  of  the  establishment  of  Mex- 
ican sovereignty  down  to  the  administration  of  Arch- 
bishop Juan  B.  Lamy;  they  were,  prior  to  1820.  Rt.  Rev, 
Francisco  Ygnacio  de  Madariaga.  The  "chief  brother" 
of  the  Society  of  Nuestra  Sefiora  de  la  Luz  at  that  time 
was  Don  Fernando  Chacon.  Rt.  Rev.  Juan  Tomas  Ter- 
razas  succeeded  Madariaga,  and  he  in  turn  was  succeeded 
by  Rt.  Rev.  Juan  Felipe  Ortiz.  The  society  applied  to 
Governor  Facundo  Melgares  for  an  order  upon  all  "per- 
sons indebted  to  such  society"  to  pay  forthwith.  This 
petition  was  referred  to  the  constitutional  justice  of  Santa 
Fe,  Don  Juan  Estevan  Pino,  who  compelled  Fernandez 
to  give  a  list  of  all  those  who  were  so  indebted ;  this  was 
done,  and  it  appeared  that  Carlos  de  Herrera  had,  in  his 
lifetime,  500  sheep  belonging  to  the  "society,"  which  he 
had  lost,  and  in  payment  of  the  debt  he  left  by  will  a 
farm  called  "El  Caiion."  Fernandez  stated  that  this 
farm  had  been  secured  by  Herrera  from  Diego  Antonio 
Baca,  who  had  acquired  it  from  the  government  in  ex- 
change for  a  house  and  lot  in  Santa  Fe,  which  was  used 
for  building  a  barracks  for  the  soldiers. 

Domingo  Fernandez  was  born  in  the  City  of  Santa  Fe 
in  1786.  He  was  a  member  of  the  ayuntamiento  of  Santa 
Fe  for  a  niunber  of  years;  was  chief  alcalde,  and  under 
the  government  of  the  United  States  during  the  Military 
Occupation  period,  was  circuit  attorney  of  the  first  dis- 
trict. 

810  JOSfi  RODRIGUEZ.    Santa  Fe,  1827.  Juicio  de  Apeo. 
Rodriguez  lost  his  title  deeds  and  asked  the  court  to  es- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    215 

tablish  them  by  reference  to  the  titles  of  his  colindantes, 
which  was  done. 

811  RAFAEL  FERNANDEZ  and  Miguel  Gonzales. 

Petition  for  lands.  1829.  Report  of  committee  on  me- 
morial of  Mariano  Rodriguez,  protesting  against  granting 
said  lands.     Jose  D.  Fernandez  et  al.,  File  71,  q.  v. 

812  REPORT  of  Committee  appointed  by  the  Territorial 
Deputation  to  give  opinion  in  the  matter  of  the  refusal  of 
the  Deputation  to  grant  lands  to  Jose  Guadalupe  Ro- 
mero and  Manuel  Bustamante,  and  later  to  grant  the 
same  to  other  persons. 

On  the  question  as  to  the  power  of  the  Deputation  to 
grant  the  lands  the  Committee  says:  "no  queda  duda  de 
que  estuho  en  las  atribuciones  de  la  Exma.  Diputacion,  a 
dollar  el  precitado  terreno  a  las  que  actualmente  I'O 
poseen." 

813  DOLORES  JALLONO,  Ignacio  Ladron  de  Guevara, 
and  Marcelino  Abreu  to  Antonio  Roubidoux.  Santa  Fe. 
1834. 

Mine  in  the  Cerro  del  Oro.     Santiago  Abreu,  Alcalde. 

814  JOSE  DOLORES  ROMERO  vs.  Manuel  Romero,  Santa 

Fe.     1844. 

In  the  matter  of  a  house  sold  without  the  consent  of  the 
plaintiff  and  his  brothers  and  sisters  by  his  mother,  etc. 
Jose  Francisco  Baca  y  Terras,  Alcalde. 

815  THIS  ARCHIVE  contains  three  papers  which  are  ap- 
parently rough  copies  of  documents  in  as  many  differ- 
ent suits.  They  are  not  signed  and  bear  the  date  of 
1846.  Reference  is  made  in  them  to  the  Las  Huertas 
Grant.  Reference  is  also  made  to  Jorge  Ramirez  and 
to  Jose  Maria  Mier. 

816  CORPORATION  of  the  City  of  Santa  Fe.     1692. 

Testimonio  of  a  Petition  asking  for  extension  of  lands. 
Incomplete. 

Further  on  is  given  the  opinion  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States  in  the  "Santa  Fe  Grant"  case.  When 


216   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

this  claim  of  the  City  of  Santa  Fe  was  heard  in  the  court 
of  private  land  claims,  Associate  Justice  Murray  dis- 
sented, his  judgment  as  to  the  law  afterward  becoming 
the  law  of  the  court  in  similar  cases.  For  historical  rea- 
sons the  dissenting  opinion  is  given  in  full. 

' '  The  city  of  Santa  Fe,  claiming,  as  the  successor  of  the 
ancient  town  formerly  known  as  La  Villa  Real  de  San 
Francisco  de  Santa  Fe,  filed  its  petition  in  this  court,  ask- 
ing for  a  confirmation  to  it  of  four  square  leagues  of  land 
in  trust  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  all  the  inhabitants  and 
occupants  thereof.  This  cause  was  heard,  together  with 
a  number  of  others,  in  which  the  petitioners  pray  for  a 
confirmation  of  Spanish  grants  to  them  for  land  within 
the  four  square  leagues  claimed  by  the  city.  It  was  not 
claimed  that  a  grant  was,  in  fact,  made  to  the  pueblo  for 
any  quantity  of  land,  or  that  four  square  leagues,  or  any 
other  quantity,  was  ever  surveyed  or  set  apart  to  it;  but 
counsel  insists  that  on  the  settlement  of  the  pueblo  the 
title  to  four  square  leagues  passed  to  it  by  operation  of 
law  and  that  all  subsequent  grants  made  by  authority  of 
the  sovereign  to  private  parties  within  the  four  leagues 
are  null  and  void,  and  a  majority  of  my  brother  judges 
so  hold. 

' '  The  rights  of  the  petitioner  must  be  determined  by  the 
law  in  force  at  the  date  of  the  supposed  grant.  The  cedida 
of  King  Phillip  II,  issued  in  the  year  1511,  provided  for 
the  settlement  of  new  towns,  or  pueblos,  but  there  is  no 
mention  of  four  leagues  or  any  other  specific  quantity  of 
land  to  be  granted.  The  quantity  to  be  granted  was  left 
entirely  to  the  discretion  of  the  governor  or  viceroy. 
{Hall's  Mexican  Law,  pp.  17  and  18.)  In  the  case  of 
Juan  Sandoval  et  al.  vs.  The  United  States,  decided  at  the 
present  term  of  this  court,  the  grant  for  the  purpose  of 
establishing  a  pueblo  was  made  by  the  governor  to  fifty- 
one  persons,  and  the  land  granted  was  about  315,000 
acres. 

"Now,  if  this  law  was  in  force  when  the  ancient  pueblo 
of  Santa  Fe  was  settled,  the  court  might  presume  that  a 
corporation  existed,  but  I  can  not  see  how  it  would  be 
possible  to  determine  the  quantity  of  land  (if  any)  that 
such  corporation  would  be  entitled  to. 

"It  is  alleged  in  the  petition  that  the  'pueblo  was  in 
existence  prior  to  1680,  and  that  prior  to  that  date  said 
town  or  villa  contained  a  population  exceeding  thirty-five 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    217 

families  in  number,  and  that  there  was  not  any  city  or 
village  of  Spaniards  situated  within  five  leagues  of  said 
town  or  villa.'  From  the  foregoing  statements  I  infer 
that  the  organization  of  the  ancient  pueblo  is  claimed 
under  the  provisions  of  the  law  of  Spain  in  relation  to  the 
settlement  of  new  towns  and  pueblos  by  contractors,  who 
might  undertake  to  settle  not  less  than  thirty  families. 
This  law  provides  that  if  the  contractor  complied  with  the 
law  in  such  cases  that  there  shall  be  granted  to  him  four 
square  leagues  of  land,  etc.  The  land  is  granted  to  the 
contractor,  and  not  to  the  town  or  pueblo.  A  town  might 
be  established  by  a  contractor  with  ten  families,  but  in 
that  event  only  one-third  of  four  square  leagues  was  to  be 
granted. 

"The  lands  where  thirty  families  were  settled  were  di- 
vided as  follows :  *  The  tract  or  territory  granted  by  agree- 
ment to  the  founder  of  a  settlement  shall  be  distributed 
in  the  following  manner.  They  shall,  in  the  first  place, 
lay  out  what  shall  be  necessary  for  the  site  of  the  town 
and  sufficient  liberties  (exidas)  and  abundant  pasture  for 
the  cattle  to  be  owned  by  the  inhabitants,  and  as  much  be- 
sides for  that  which  shall  belong  to  the  town  (propios). 
The  balance  of  the  tract  shall  be  divided  into  four  parts, 
one  to  be  selected  by  the  person  obligated  to  form  the  set- 
tlement, and  the  remaining  three  parts  to  be  divided  in 
equal  portions  among  the  settlers.  These  lots  shall  be 
distributed  among  the  settlers  by  lots,  beginning  with 
those  adjoining  the  main  square,  and  the  remainder  shall 
be  reserved  to  us,  to  give  as  rewards  to  new  settlers  or 
otherwise,  according  to  our  will,  and  we  command  that  a 
plan  of  the  settlement  be  made  out.'  (See  White's  Recop., 
2  vol.,  p.  46.) 

"The  law  in  relation  to  the  settlement  of  pueblos  by 
contractors,  and  the  allotment  of  lands  among  the  settlers 
and  the  towns  is  in  2d  White,  from  page  44  to  47.  There 
is  no  evidence  in  this  cause  tending  to  show  that  any  al- 
lotments of  land  were  ever  made  among  the  settlers  by  the 
town  council  or  any  authority,  or  that  the  town  was  set- 
tled by  ten  or  thirty  families,  or  by  the  Government. 

"Chief  Justice  Reed,  speaking  for  a  majority  of  the 
court  in  this  cause,  said :  '  Pueblos  or  towns  were  estab- 
lished either  by  direct  action  of  the  Government  or  by 
promoters  or  contractors  who  undertook  to  settle  not  less 
than  thirty  families.     When  the  establishment  was  made 


218   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

directly  by  the  Government  no  express  grant  of  land  was 
made,  but  the  appropriation  of  a  quantity  sufficient  for 
the  purpose  of  the  towns  was  by  general  custom  or  by 
operation  of  general  laws.  The  city  of  Santa  Fe  appears 
to  have  been  established  in  that  manner.' 

' '  The  law  of  Spain  in  force  in  relation  to  the  settlement 
of  new  towns  and  pueblos  by  the  Government  in  New 
Spain  prior  to  1789  left  the  question  of  the  quantity  of 
land  to  be  granted  wholly  in  the  discretion  of  the  governor 
or  viceroy. 

' '  Nothing  whatever  is  to  be  found  in  the  law  in  regard 
to  any  town  or  pueblo  so  established  being  entitled  to  four 
square  leagues  or  any  other  quantity  of  land  by  operation 
of  law.  {White's  Recop.,  vol.  2.  pp.  47,  48,  49,  50,  and 
51.)  So  if  the  ancient  pueblo  of  Santa  Fe  was  established 
by  the  Government  as  early  as  1693,  as  stated  in  the  opin- 
ion of  the  court,  I  do  not  see  on  what  ground  the  court 
could  presume  a  grant  to  it  by  operation  of  law  to  any 
specific  quantity  of  land.  The  authorities  referred  to  by 
the  court  as  sustaining  the  position  assumed  by  it  in  rela- 
tion to  towns  and  pueblos  being  entitled  to  four  square 
leagues  of  land  when  recognized  by  the  Government  have 
no  sort  of  application  to  towns  and  pueblos  established  by 
the  Government  prior  to  1789. 

"The  Republic  of  Mexico  adopted  the  laws  of  Spain  in 
relation  to  towns  and  pueblos,  and  the  rights  of  towns  and 
pueblos  established  by  Mexico  have  been  adjudicated  by 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States  in  a  number  of 
cases  growing  out  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1851,  for  the  set- 
tlement of  private  land  claims  in  California.  In  the  case 
of  Brownsville  vs.  Cavazos  (100  U.  S.,  p.  138),  Mr.  Justice 
Field  said :  '  Previous  to  the  revolution  which  separated 
Texas  from  the  Republic  of  Mexico,  Brownsville  consti- 
tuted a  portion  of  Matamoras,  which  was  recognized  as  a 
town  in  1826  by  a  decree  of  the  congress  of  Tamaulipas, 
one  of  the  states  of  Mexico.  By  the  laws  of  Mexico'  in 
force  at  that  time,  pueblos  or  towns,  when  recognized  as 
such  by  public  authorities,  became  entitled  for  their  use 
and  benefit,  and  the  use  and  benefit  of  their  inhabitants, 
to  certain  lands  embracing  the  site  of  such  pueblos  or 
towns  and  adjoining  territory  to  the  extent  of  four  square 
leagues.  This  right  was  held  by  the  cities  and  towns  of 
Spain  for  a  long  period  before  her  conquests  in  America, 
and  was  recognized  in  her  laws  and  ordinances  for  the 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    219 

government  of  her  colonies  here.'  [Laws  of  the  Indies, 
White's  Recop.,  vol.  2,  pp.  44;  Townsend  vs.  Greely,  5 
Wall,  p.  326;  Gresar  vs  McDowell,  6  Wall,  p.  363.) 

''The  law  referred  to  by  the  learned  judge,  on  page  44 
of  White's  Recop.,  provides  for  the  settlement  of  pueblos 
and  towns  by  contractors,  with  not  less  than  thirty  heads 
of  families,  hereinbefore  referred  to,  and  does  not  apply 
to  pueblos  and  towns  established  by  the  Government  prior 
to  the  royal  instruction  of  1789.  In  the  case  of  Townsend 
vs.  Greely,  supra,  Mr.  Justice  Field  delivered  the  unani- 
mous  opinion  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States, 
and  explains  what  is  meant  in  the  case  of  Brownsville  vs. 
Cavazos  by  the  laws  of  Mexico  in  force  in  1826,  which 
gave  to  pueblos  and  towns  certain  right  to  four  square 
leagues  of  land.    The  learned  judge  said :    '  The  royal  in- 
structions of  1789  for  the  establishment  of  the  town  of 
Pitic,  in  the  province  of  Sonora,  were  applicable  to  all 
new  to^vns  which  should  be  established  within  the  district 
under  the  commandant-general,  and  that  included  Cali- 
fornia.'    (It  also  included  New  Mexico  and  the  State  of 
Tamaulipas.)     'They  gave  special  directions  for  the  estab- 
lishment and  government  of  the  new  pueblos,   declared 
that  there  should  be  assigned  to  them  four  square  leagues 
of  land,  and  provided  for  the  distribution  of  the  building 
and  farming  lost  to  settlers,  the  laying  out  of  pasture 
lands  and  lands  from  which  a  revenue  was  to  be  derived, 
and  for  the  appropriation  of  the  residue  to  the  use  of  the 
inhabitants.'    These  royal  instructions  did  not  attempt  to 
confer  any  right  to  lands  on  pueblos  or  towns  then  in  ex- 
istence.   But  if  the  town  of  Santa  Fe  had  a  grant  to  the 
four  square  leagues  claimed,  the  undisputed  facts  of  this 
case  show  that  all  the  land  granted  to  other  parties  by  the 
Spanish  Government  within  the  limits  of  the  four  leagues 
should  be  excluded  from  the  decree.    As  before  stated,  no 
allotments  of  lands  were  ever  made  to  the  settlers.     The 
four  leagues  were  never  surveyed  or  set  apart  to  the  town. 
The  legal  title,  with  full  power  to  dispose  of  the  land,  re- 
mained in  the  sovereign.     {Townsend  vs.  Greely,  5  "Wall., 
326-338 ;  Alexander  vs.  Rowlett,  13  Wall.,  388 ;  U.  S.  vs. 
Pico,  5  Wall.,  540;  Hurt  vs.  Burnett,  15  California,  530, 
20  id.,  480 ;  Puehlo  Case,  4  Sawyer,  566 ;  Brownsville  vs. 
Cavazos,  100  U.  S.,  138;  Grisar  vs.  McDowell,  6  Wall., 
379;  Hall's  Mexican  Law,  Sec.  122,  p.  53.) 

"It  was  the  policy  of  the  Spanish  Government  to  en- 


220   THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

courage  the  settlement  of  new  towns  and  pueblos  by  giv- 
ing to  them,  and  the  inhabitants  thereof,  certain  rights 
and  easements  to  large  quantities  of  land  outside  of  the 
small  lots  to  be  assigned  to  the  settlers  and  to  which  they 
obtained  a  fee  simple  title  by  four  years'  use  and  occupa- 
tion. It  must,  however,  have  been  well  understood  by  the 
authorities  of  such  towns  and  pueblos  and  the  inhabitants 
thereof  that  the  Government  reserved  the  right  to  sell  or 
otherwise  dispose  of  such  lands,  except  the  small  allot- 
ments to  the  inhabitants  and  the  necessary  ground  for 
plaza,  streets,  corporation  buildings,  etc.  In  1808,  a  gen- 
eral law  was  promulgated,  which  provided  that  all  the  un- 
occupied town  or  pueblo  land  should  either  be  sold,  mort- 
gaged, or  set  apart  to  soldiers  as  pensions. 

' '  No  question  was  ever  made  as  to  the  power  of  the  Gov- 
ernment to  dispose  of  such  land.  {Hall's  Mexican  Law, 
Sees.  94,  95,  96,  97,  98,  and  99.) 

"Mexico  succeeded  to  the  rights  of  the  Spanish  Gov- 
ernment in  all  such  town  or  pueblo  land,  and  provided  for 
a  sale  of  the  same  in  1856.  {Hall's  Mexican  Law,  Sec.  140, 
p.  56. )  The  right  of  the  Republic  of  Mexico  to  so  dispose 
of  such  land  has  not  been  questioned,  so  far  as  I  know.  In 
the  case  of  Grisar  vs.  McDowell,  supra,  in  speaking  of  the 
rights  of  the  city  of  San  Francisco  to  the  four  square 
leagues  claimed,  Mr.  Justice  Field  said:  'Until  the  lands 
were  assigned  and  measured  off,  the  right  or  claim  of  the 
pueblo  was  an  imperfect  one.  It  was  a  right  which  the 
Government  might  refuse  to  recognize  at  all,  or  might 
recognize  in  a  qualified  form;  it  might  be  burdened  with 
conditions,  and  it  might  be  restricted  to  less  limits  than 
four  square  leagues,  which  was  the  usual  quantity  as- 
signed. Even  after  assignment  the  interest  acquired  by 
the  pueblo  was  far  from  being  an  indefeasible  estate,  such 
as  is  known  to  our  laws.  The  purpose  to  be  accomplished 
by  the  creation  of  pueblos  did  not  require  their  possession 
of  the  fee.  The  interest,  as  we  had  occasion  to  observe 
in  the  case  already  cited,  amounted  to  little  more  than  a 
restricted  and  qualified  right  to  alienate  portions  of  the 
land  to  its  inhabitants  for  building  or  cultivation,  and  to 
use  the  remainder  for  commons  and  for  pasture  lands,  or 
as  a  source  of  revenue,  or  for  other  public  purposes.  And 
this  limited  right  of  disposition  and  use  was,  in  all  par- 
ticulars, subject  to  the  control  of  the  Government  of  the 
country. ' 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OP  NEW  MEXICO    221 

' '  There  is  no  occasion  in  this  case  to  indulge  in  any  pre- 
sumption as  to  the  power  or  authority  of  the  Spanish  gov- 
ernment of  New  Mexico  to  make  grants  to  the  public  lands 
subsequent  to  1754.  Article  12  of  the  royal  regulations, 
issued  October  15th,  1751,  expressly  confers  power  on  the 
governors  of  the  distant  provinces  to  approve  grants  to 
land.     (White's  Recop.,  vol.  2,  p.  66.) 

"The  grants  introduced  as  evidence  in  this  cause,  to 
land  within  the  four  square  leagues  claimed  by  the  city, 
are  from  the  archives  of  the  surveyor-general's  office  and 
seem  to  be  in  all  respects  regular.  The  archive  evidence 
further  shows  that  the  grantees  were  put  in  juridical  pos- 
session of  the  land  granted  by  the  proper  officer  without 
objection  or  injury  to  third  parties,  and  in  some  cases  the 
proof  shows  that  valuable  improvements  have  been  made 
on  the  land ;  with  continued  possession  of  nearly  one  hun- 
dred years  there  never  was  at  any  time  objection  made  by 
the  town  authorities,  either  to  the  making  of  the  grants  or 
possession  under  them. 

"One  of  the  exhibits  in  evidence  shows  that  the  town 
council  of  Santa  Fe  petitioned  the  governor  for  a  grant  of 
land  now  within  the  city  limits,  and  that  a  grant  was 
made  by  the  governor  to  it  for  the  land  asked  for. 

"The  ancient  pueblo  is  estopped  under  the  facts  in  this 
case  from  setting  up  claim  to  the  lands  granted  by  the 
governors  of  New  Mexico  to  individuals  within  the  four 
square  leagues.  (Henshaw  vs.  Bissell,  18th  Wall.,  255 ; 
93  U.  S.,  326;  100  U.  S.,  598;  102  U.  S.,  68;  13  How., 
307),  and  the  present  city  of  Santa  Fe,  as  its  successor, 
is  also  estopped. 

"But  it  is  quite  clear,  from  the  exhibits  in  evidence, 
that  the  corporate  authorities  of  the  ancient  town  or  pu- 
eblo did  not  claim  any  right  to  four  leagues  of  land  by 
virtue  of  a  grant  or  supposed  grant  to  it,  and  it  is  equally 
clear  that  the  officials  of  the  Spanish  Government  who 
had  authority  to  dispose  of  the  public  domain  did  not 
understand  that  the  pueblo  was  entitled  to  any  such 
quantity  of  land.  Under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of 
March  3,  1851,  in  relation  to  the  settlement  of  private 
land  claims  in  California,  the  board  of  commissioners,  by 
the  14th  section  of  the  act,  was  authorized,  when  the  ex- 
istence of  a  city,  town,  or  village,  was  shown  to  be  in 
existence  on  the  7th  day  of  July,  1846,  to  presume,  prima 
facie,  a  grant  to  such  town,  city,  or  village.     The  board 


222    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

was  also  authorized  to  take  jurisdiction  of  any  claim  to 
land,  whether  legal  or  equitable,  and  to  confirm  such 
claim,  etc.  (9  Statutes,  pp.  630-631.)  It  was  under  the 
provisions  of  that  act  that  the  city  of  San  Francisco,  as 
a  successor  to  a  pueblo,  presented  her  claim  for  four 
square  leagues  to  said  board  for  confirmation.  The  pueblo 
under  which  the  city  claimed  was  a  Mexican  town  settled 
in  1835,  and  under  the  royal  instruction  of  1789  had  some 
rights  in  the  quantity  of  land  claimed.  The  real  question 
in  the  case,  out  of  which  so  much  litigation  arose,  was  in 
regard  to  the  pueblo's  title  to  the  land  at  the  date  of  the 
change  of  flag.  It  was  conceded  that  the  act  was  broad 
enough  to  authorize  the  board  of  commissioners  to  con- 
vert any  sort  of  a  claim  or  easement  to  land  into  a  legal 
estate.  But  inasmuch  as  the  United  States  had  appro- 
priated a  portion  of  the  land  claimed  by  the  city  prior 
to  March  3,  1851,  it  became  important  to  ascertain  the 
pueblo  right  to  the  land  under  the  law  of  Mexico  and 
the  treaty  of  Guadalupe  Hidalgo.  The  board  of  commis- 
sioners confirmed  to  the  city  the  greater  portion  of  the 
land  claimed  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  city,  and  the  district  court  approved  the  decree  of  the 
commissioners.  This  decree  vested  in  the  city  the  legal 
title  to  the  land  claimed  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  in- 
habitants. Before  the  cause  was  finally  disposed  of  in 
the  district  court,  congress  passed  an  act  transfeiTing  the 
record  and  proceedings  to  the  circuit  court  for  the  district 
of  California.  The  circuit  court  modified  the  decree  of  the 
district  court  by  excluding  from  it  all  lands  disposed  of  by 
former  governments  or  appropriated  by  the  United 
States.     (4  Sawyer,  pp.  566-7.) 

' '  In  1855,  the  common  council  of  the  city  of  San  Fran- 
cisco passed  what  is  called  the  Van  Ness  ordinance,  which 
provided  for  an  adjustment  of  the  claims  of  the  inhab- 
itants and  the  city  to  the  lands  which  had  been  con- 
firmed. This  ordinance  was  subsequently  ratified  by  the 
legislature  of  the  State.  But  notwithstanding  the  hold- 
ing of  the  board  of  commissioners  and  the  district  and 
circuit  court  and  the  action  of  the  common  council,  con- 
gress on  the  8th  day  of  March,  1866  (while  said  pueblo 
case  was  still  pending  in  the  court),  passed  a  special  act 
to  quiet  the  title  to  the  land  claimed  by  the  city  of  San 
Francisco,  imposing  certain  conditions  and  limitations. 
{Statutes  1865-6,  p.  4.) 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    223 

"After  the  passage  of  this  act  the  question  of  the  char- 
acter of  the  city's  title  at  the  date  of  the  treaty  came  be- 
fore the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States  in  the  case 
of  Grisar  vs.  McDowell,  6  Wall.,  363. 

' '  The  plaintiff  in  the  case  claimed  as  seized  in  fee,  under 
the  title  from  the  city  of  San  Francisco ;  the  defendant 
claimed  possession  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  set- 
ting up  that  the  property  was  public  property  of  the 
United  States  reserved  for  military  purposes.  Mr.  Justice 
Field,  who  decided  the  pueblo  case  (4  Sawyer,  566-7), 
delivered  the  opinion  of  the  court,  and  discussed  with 
great  ability  all  the  questions  growing  out  of  or  connected 
with  the  claims  of  the  city  to  the  land  in  controversy. 

' '  It  was  again  held  by  the  court  that  the  legal  title  to  the 
land  claimed  by  the  defendant  passed  to  the  United  States 
from  Mexico  under  the  treaty  of  1848,  and  was  a  part  of 
the  public  domain  of  the  United  States,  and  having  been 
appropriated  by  the  United  States  and  reserved  by  the 
act  of  1865-6,  never  had  been  the  property  of  the  city. 
The  law  of  nations  and  the  terms  of  the  treaty  of  1848, 
make  it  the  duty  of  the  government  to  secure  to  the  cit- 
izens or  corporation  in  the  ceded  territory  such  rights  to 
private  property  as  they  possessed  under  the  laws  of 
Spain  or  Mexico  at  the  date  of  the  treaty.  Our  govern- 
ments may  grant  additional  rights,  but  the  citizens  have 
no  right  to  demand  more. 

"The  act  of  March  3d,  1851,  authorized  the  board  of 
commissioners  to  confirm  to  pueblos  and  towns,  for  the 
benefit  of  the  inhabitants  thereof,  mere  easements  and  usu- 
fructuary rights  to  land  granted  to  them  by  the  govern- 
ment of  Spain  or  Mexico,  and  by  such  decree  of  confirm- 
ation they  acquired  the  legal  title  to  the  land  with  full 
power  to  sell  and  dispose  of  the  same.  This,  congress 
in  its  sovereign  capacity  and  absolute  control  over  the 
public  domain  had  a  right  to  do.  {Pollard  Lesser  vs. 
Polk,  2  Howard,  p.  603.) 

"Subdivision  one  of  section  13  of  the  act  of  March  3d, 
1891,  is  as  follows:  'No  claim  shall  be  allowed  that  shall 
not  appear  to  be  upon  title  lawfully  and  regularly  de- 
rived from  the  government  of  Spain  or  Mexico,  or  from 
any  State  of  the  Republic  of  Mexico  having  lawful  au- 
thority to  make  grants  to  land,  and  one  if  not  then  com- 
plete and  perfect  at  the  date  of  the  acquisition  of  the 
territory  by  the  United  States,  the  claimant  would  have 


224    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

had  a  lawful  right  to  make  perfect  had  the  territory  not 
been  acquired  by  the  United  States. '  It  will  be  seen  that 
this  court  can  not  confirm  any  imperfect  or  incomplete 
title  which  the  claimant  would  not  be  entitled  to  have 
made  perfect  had  the  United  States  not  acquired  the  ter- 
ritory. Now,  as  I  have  shown,  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States  has  repeatedly  held  that  the  title  acquired 
to  four  square  leagues  of  land  by  a  grant  to  a  pueblo  or 
town  is  an  imperfect  one.  It  follows  necessarily  that  this 
court  has  no  power  to  confirm  such  a  title.  It  is  true  the 
right  or  easement  in  the  land  acquired  by  a  pueblo  or 
town  may  be  conferred  by  a  perfect  grant  to  such  right 
or  easement,  but  under  the  law  the  right  may  be  term- 
inated at  the  will  of  the  sovereign,  and  such  right  term- 
inated at  the  date  of  the  transfer  of  sovereignty,  as  was 
held  by  this  court  in  the  case  of  pueblos  Zia,  Sa7ita  Anna, 
and  Jemcz  vs.  The  United  States,  decided  at  a  former 
term.  For  some  reason  congress  did  not  confer  power  on 
this  court  to  convert,  by  decree  of  confirmation,  easements 
and  usufructuary  rights  given  by  the  Spanish  and  Mex- 
ican governments  to  pueblos  and  towns  in  large  tracts  of 
land  to  be  used  for  the  benefit  of  such  pueblos  and  towns 
and  the  inhabitants  thereof  during  the  pleasure  of  the 
sovereign,  into  indefeasible  estates.  There  is  one  other 
question  in  the  cause  which  seems  to  me  conclusive  against 
the  claim  made  in  the  petition  to  four  square  leagues  of 
land.  The  laws  of  Spain  and  Mexico  granting  lands  to 
new  pueblos  and  towns  settled  by  Spaniards  do  not  apply 
to  Indian  pueblos  and  towns  nor  to  old  pueblos  or  towns 
taken  possession  of  by  Spaniards.  The  law  prohibits 
Spaniards  from  in  any  way  interfering  with  the  lands, 
towns,  or  pueblos  occupied  by  Indians.  {White's  Recop., 
vol.  2,  pp.  44,  45,  and  54.) 

"History  informs  that  'When  the  Spaniards  first  vis- 
ited Santa  Fe  in  the  year  1542  (?)  it  was  a  populous  In- 
dian pueblo.  It  is  not  known  when  the  Spaniards  took 
possession  of  it,  but  it  has  been  the  capital  of  New  Mexico 
since  the  year  1640. 

"  'It  was  recaptured  by  the  Indians  in  1680,  the  prin- 
cipal buildings  burned,  and  the  whites  driven  out.  The 
town  was  recaptured  by  the  Spaniards  in  the  year  1694.' 
(The  American  Cyclopedia,  vol.  15,  p.  619.) 

"The  court  confirmed  the  supposed  grant  to  all  the  lots 
within  the  said  four  square  leagues  of  land,  now  held  in 


ffiT^^^. 


Facsimile    of    Signature    of    Captain    Koque    Madrid, 
re  conquistador. 


Facs-mile  of  Signature  of  Don  Nicolas 
Ortiz  Nino  Lrdron  de  Guevara,  re-conquis- 
tador. 


Facsimile  of  the  Signature  of  Caiitain  Alphorsso  Rael  de 
Aguilar,  re-conquistador. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Caiitain  Don  .fuan  de  Ulibarri, 
re-conquistador. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  General  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponce 
de  Leon,  (Jovernor  and  Captain-General,  l(i91-1697,  1708-4. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    225 

severalty,  to  the  respective  lot  holders  thereof,  holding 
said  lots  in  privity  with  said  Santa  Fe  pueblo  grant,  with- 
out reference  to  the  date  of  the  claim  under  which  they 
might  hold.  No  assignment  of  lots  was  ever  made  by  the 
city  or  pueblo  to  anyone.  The  lot  claimants  under  the  city 
are  not  parties  to  the  suit,  and  no  decree  should  be  en- 
tered in  their  favor. 

"A  decree  should  be  ordered  conferring  to  the  city  the 
land  granted  to  it  by  the  governor  of  New  Mexico,  and  the 
plaza,  streets,  alleys,  and  other  property  held  by  the  cor- 
poration for  public  purposes,  and  the  petition  should  be 
dismissed  as  to  all  other  claims.  The  court  should  ex- 
amine the  grants  and  evidence  filed  in  support  of  claims 
to  land  within  the  four  square  leagues  which  are  sub- 
mitted with  this  case,  and  if  such  grants  are  genuine,  and 
the  claimants  have  such  an  interest  as  entitles  them  to 
prosecute  the  suit,  such  grants  should  be  confirmed. 

"W.  W.  Murray, 
"Associate  Justice." 

The  supreme  court  of  the  United  States,  speaking 
through  Mr.  Justice  White,  declares  that  the  origin  of  the 
town  or  city  of  Santa  Fe  is  obscure,  "but  the  record 
{United  States  vs.  Santa  Fe,  165  U.  S.,  676),  indicates 
that  as  early  as  1543  the  settlement  was  made  by  deserters 
from  the  Spanish  military  force  under  Coronado,  who 
refused  to  accompany  their  commander  on  his  return  to 
Mexico,  and  settled  at  Santa  Fe.'" 

There  is  not  a  line  of  documentary  proof  in  existence 
which  by  any  possible  stretch  of  the  imagination  can  jus- 
tify a  statement  of  this  sort,  coming  from  the  highest 
judicial  tribunal  in  the  United  States. 

The  Spanish  City  of  Santa  Fe  was  not  settled  until 
1605,  when  it  was  made  the  capital  of  New  Mexico  by 
Don  Juan  de  Onate,  governor  and  captain-general  of  the 
Province  of  New  Mexico. 

When  the  court  of  private  land  claims  was  created  a 
petition  was  filed,  under  the  act  of  March  3,  1891,  creat- 
ing that  court,  setting  out  the  existence  of  the  Villa  de 
Santa  Fe.  In  this  petition  it  was  declared  that  prior  to 
the  insurrection  of  1680,  the  Villa  had  received  a  pueblo 
grant  of  four  square  leagues,  the  central  point  of  which 
was  in  the  center  of  the  plaza  of  the  City  of  Santa  Fe; 
that  such  grant  had  been  made  by  the  king  of  Spain ; 
that  juridical  possession  was  given  thereunder  and  that 


226    THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

such  facts  were  evidenced  by  a  valid  testimonio ;  that  the 
archives  and  records  of  the  Villa  were  destroyed  in  the 
Pueblo  Rebellion  of  1680  and  on  that  account  could  not 
be  produced.  The  petition  concluded  with  a  prayer  for 
confirmation  to  the  city  "in  trust  for  the  use  and  benefit 
of  the  inhabitants  thereof,  and  of  such  grantees  and  as- 
signees of  parts  of  the  said  lands  as  have  derived,  or  may 
hereafter  acquire  by  due  assignments,  allotments,  and 
titles  in  severalty  to  said  parts  respectively. ' '  A  demurrer 
to  this  petition  was  filed,  giving  as  grounds  that  no  cause 
of  action  had  been  stated  and  that  it  failed  to  disclose  the 
fact  that  there  were  many  adverse  claimants,  under  Span- 
ish grants,  to  the  land  sued  for,  and  that  such  claimants 
were  necessary  parties  defendant.  Thereafter  seventeen 
persons  appeared,  alleging  that  they  were  the  holders  of 
Spanish  titles  to  land  within  the  area  claimed  and  that 
their  interests  were  adverse  to  the  city.  An  amended  pe- 
tition was  filed  and  these  seventeen  persons  were  made 
defendants. 

The  United  States  government,  in  its  answer,  denied 
the  facts  as  alleged  relative  to  the  foundation  and  organ- 
ization of  the  Villa  de  Santa  Fe;  it  denied  also  that  the 
Spanish  Villa  had  received  title  to  or  was  by  operation 
of  the  Spanish  law  entitled  to  claim  the  four  square 
leagues  of  land ;  the  answer  averred  that  title  to  a  large 
portion  of  the  land  embraced  within  the  four  square 
leagues  was  claimed  under  Spanish  grants  by  others  than 
the  plaintiff,  the  validity  of  which  claims,  however,  were 
not  admitted,  and  that  other  portions  of  the  four  square 
leagues  were  in  control,  occupancy,  and  possession  of  the 
United  States  for  a  military  post,  known  as  Fort  Marcy, 
for  a  building  known  as  the  ' '  Federal  Building, ' '  and  for 
an  establishment  known  as  the  Indian  Industrial  School, 
and  that  another  portion  was  in  possession  of  the  Terri- 
torial executive  officers  under  the  authority  of  the  United 
States. 

At  the  hearing  before  the  court  of  private  land  claims, 
the  proof  established  the  settlement  and  organization  of 
the  City  of  Santa  Fe.  The  various  grants  referred  to  in 
the  answer  of  the  several  defendants  were  offered  in  evi- 
dence and  testimony  adduced  tending  to  show  that  they 
covered  territory  embraced  within  the  claim  to  the  four 
leagues,  and  were,  therefore,  adverse  to  the  claims  of  the 
city. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    227 

There  was  no  evidence  introduced  showing  that  La  Villa 
de  Santa  Fe,  in  any  of  its  forms  of  organization  under  the 
Spanish  government,  or  that  the  City  of  Santa  Fe  itself, 
had  ever  possessed  the  four  square  leagues  to  which  it  as- 
serted title,  or  that  any  lot-holder  in  the  city  claimed  to 
own  or  hold  by  virtue  of  any  title  derived  under  the  sup- 
posed right  of  the  city.  There  was  an  entire  absence  of 
proof  showing  that  any  right  by  possession  or  otherwise 
within  the  area  claimed  was  held  under  or  by  virtue  of 
the  implied  grant  of  four  square  leagues  upon  which  the 
city  relied.  On  the  contrary  there  was  proof  that  in  1715 
the  city  of  Santa  Fe  petitioned  for  a  grant  of  a  tract  of 
swamp  land  situate  within  the  boundaries  of  the  four 
square  leagues. 

The  decision  of  the  court  of  private  land  claims  was 
favorable  to  the  contention  of  the  City  of  Santa  Fe.  The 
United  States  appealed  to  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States,  where  the  decree  of  the  court  of  private  land  claims 
was  reversed  and  the  cause  remanded  with  instructions  to 
dismiss  the  petition.  The  supreme  court  held  that  "Un- 
der the  act  of  March  3,  1891,  it  must  appear,  in  order  to 
the  confirmation  of  a  grant  by  the  court  of  private  land 
claims,  not  only  that  the  title  was  lawfully  and  regularly 
derived,  but  that,  if  the  grant  were  not  complete  and  per- 
fect, the  claimant  could  by  right  and  not  by  grace,  have 
demanded  that  it  should  be  made  perfect  by  the  former 
government,  had  the  territory  not  been  acquired  by  the 
United  States. 

"Although  the  act  of  1891,  in  section  11,  authorized  a 
town  presenting  a  claim  for  a  grant  to  represent  the  claim 
of  lot-holders  to  lots  within  the  town,  this  provision  does 
not  override  the  general  requirements  of  the  statute  as  to 
the  nature  of  the  claim  to  title  which  the  court  is  author- 
ized to  confirm.  The  difference  between  the  act  of  1891 
and  the  California  act  of  1851  .  .  .  accentuates  the  in- 
tention of  congress  to  confine  the  authority  conferred  by 
the  later  act  to  narrower  limits  than  those  fixed  by  the 
act  of  1851.  The  act  of  1851  authorized  the  adjudication 
of  claims  to  land  by  virtue  of  any  'right'  or  'title'  de- 
rived from  the  Spanish  government,  and  conferred  the 
power  in  express  language  on  the  board  and  court  to  pre- 
sume a  grant  in  favor  of  a  town.  The  act  of  1891  not 
only  entirely  omits  authority  to  invoke  this  presumption, 
but,  as  we  have  seen,  excludes  by  express  terms  any  claim, 


228   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

the  completion  of  which  depended  upon  the  mere  grace  or 
favor  of  the  government  of  Spain  or  Mexico,  and  of  the 
United  States  as  the  successor  to  the  rights  of  those  gov- 
ernments. 

"The  petition  is  framed  upon  the  theory  merely  of  a 
right  to  four  square  leagues,  vested  in  the  city  by  opera- 
tion of  law,  and  as  the  record  contains  no  proof  whatever 
as  to  the  possessory  claims  of  lot-holders  in  the  city  of 
Santa  Fe,  or  as  to  the  actual  possession  enjoyed  by  that 
city  of  public  places,  these  latter  rights,  if  any,  as  well  as 
the  asserted  title  of  the  city  to  the  swamp  tract  to  which 
reference  has  been  made  in  the  course  of  this  opinion,  are 
not  to  be  controlled  by  the  rejection  now  made  of  the  pre- 
tensions of  the  city  to  a  title  to  the  four  square  leagues 
tract  asserted  to  have  been  acquired  by  operation  of 
Spanish  laws." 

The  claim  of  the  City  of  Santa  Fe  having  thus  been  de- 
cided adversely  by  the  highest  tribunal  in  the  United 
States,  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  afterward,  with 
certain  provisions  protecting  the  rights  of  the  government 
to  certain  areas  occupied  by  it,  passed  an  act  by  which  a 
grant  was  made  to  the  City  of  Santa  Fe  —  the  lot-holders 
—  and  deeds  were  subsequently  made  by  the  city  to  those 
holding  possession  of  the  tracts  and  lots  within  the  area 
granted  by  the  government. 

Hall,  Mexican  Latv,  p.  51,  on  the  Limits  of  Pueblos, 
says:  "There  never  existed  any  general  law  fixing  four 
square  leagues  as  the  extent  of  pueblos  or  towns.  That 
extent  of  land  was  assigned  to  pueblos  founded  by  con- 
tractors for  Spaniards,  by  law  6,  title  5,  book  4,  of  the 
Laws  of  the  Indies.  Those  formed  by  the  government 
independent  of  contractors,  w^ere  only  limited  by  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  governors  of  the  provinces,  and  viceroys, 
subject  to  the  approval  or  disapproval  by  the  King.  There 
are  numerous  pueblos  in  Mexico  which  have  less  and  many 
that  have  more  than  four  square  leagues." 

817  VILLA  NUEVA  de  SANTA  CRUZ.     1696. 

Settlement  of  nineteen  families  in  said  place  by  order  of 
Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon. 

Santa  Cruz  was  re-settled  April  12,  1695.  The  Indians 
who  had  moved  thither  from  Galisteo  were  deprived  of 
their  houses  and  lands  and  a  grant  made  to  the  Spaniards. 

At  the  time  of  the  re-conquest,  before  a  definitive  title 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    229 

to  the  public  lands  passed  against  the  crown,  the  acts  of 
the  colonial  officers  required  royal  confirmation.  How- 
ever, this  system  must  have  been  modified,  for  on  Novem- 
ber 24,  1735,  we  find  a  royal  cedula  wherein  it  requires 
that  all  grants  be  referred  to  him  specially  for  confirma- 
tion; thus  indicating  that  before  that  time  some  other 
royal  official  had  that  power. 

The  royal  instructions  of  1754,  October  15,  among  other 
things  recited  that  "the  holders  of  land  sold  or  adjusted 
by  the  several  deputies  from  the  year  1700  up  to  the  pres- 
ent time,  shall  not  be  molested,  interfered  with,  nor  de- 
nounced, now,  nor  at  any  time,  if  it  appears  they  have 
been  confirmed  by  my  royal  person,  or  by  the  viceroys  and 
presidents  of  the  Audiencias  of  the  several  districts  in  the 
time  when  this  requirement  was  in  force;  but  those  who 
hold  them  without  this  necessary  requisite  shall  apply  for 
the  confirmation  thereof  to  the  Audiencias  in  their  dis- 
trict and  to  the  other  officers  to  whom  the  power  is  given 
by  these  new  instructions,  who,  in  view  of  the  proceedings 
had  by  the  deputies,  in  their  order  in  regard  to  the  sur- 
vey and  valuation  of  such  lands  and  of  the  title  issued  by 
them,  shall  examine  as  to  whether  the  sale  or  composition 
is  made  without  fraud  or  collusion  and  at  appropriate 
and  equitable  prices,  with  the  presence  and  hearing  of  the 
Attorneys  General,  so  that,  with  attention  to  everything, 
and  if  it  appears  that  the  price  of  the  sale  and  composi- 
tion and  the  corresponding  half  annata  tax  have  been  paid 
into  the  royal  depositories,  and  after  performing  what- 
ever pecuniary  service  appears  necessary,  they  may  issue 
to  them  in  my  royal  name  the  confirmation  of  their  royal 
titles  with  which  they  will  be  established  in  the  possession 
and  dominion  of  such  lands,  waters,  or  wild  lands,  and 
neither  the  holders  nor  their  general  or  individual  suc- 
cessors shall  at  any  time  be  molested  therein." 

818  VILLA  NUEVA  de  SANTA  CRUZ.    1696. 

Petition  of  Inhabitants  in  regard  to  change  of  place  on 
account  of  poisonous  herbs  which  kill  their  stock.  Don 
Diego  De  Vargar  Bapata  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon,  Gov- 
ernor. Martin  Urioste;  Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar;  Do- 
mingo de  la  Barreda,  Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 
This  grant  was  confirmed  by  the  court  of  private  land 
claims  and  surveyed  for  an  area  of  more  than  4,500  acres. 
It  lies  south  of  the  grant  to  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan. 


230    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

819  ANTONIO  de  SILVA.     Grant.    1699.    Land  in  Santa 

Cruz. 

Re-validation  made  by  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero  of  the 
same  made  by  his  predecessor,  Don  Diego  de  Vargas,  Gov- 
ernor, Testimonio  certified  by  Antonio  Aguilera  Isassi, 
Alcalde. 

820  TOMAS  PALOMINO  to  Antonio  de  Silva.    Santa  Fe. 
1699. 

Exchange  of  lands.  Testimonio.  Certified  by  Antonio 
Aguilera  Isassi,  Alcalde. 

821  BARTOLOME  LOVATO  to  Pedro  de  Sandoval.  Santa 

Fe.    1701. 

House  and  lands.  Joseph  Rodriguez,  Alcalde.  Diego  de 
Belasco. 

822  JACINTO  SANCHEZ.    Grant.    1703-1704. 

Lands  near  the  pueblo  of  Cochiti.  El  Marques  de  la 
Nava  y  Brazinas,  Governor.  Annulled.  Majada  Tract, 
q.  V. 

Petition  by  Jacinto  Sanchez,  asking  for  a  grant  of  a 
tract  of  land  opposite  the  pueblo  of  Cochiti,  which  tract 
had  belonged  to  Cristobal  Pontes  before  the  revolution 
(1680)  and  of  which  subsequently  a  grant  had  been  made 
to  Sanchez  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  which  grant 
Sanchez  had  lost. 

The  grant  asked  for  was  made  by  the  Marques  de  la 
Nava  de  Brazinas  (Diego  de  Vargas),  on  December  23, 
1703,  and  the  chief  alcalde,  Manuel  Baca,  was  ordered  to 
give  the  possession. 

Subsequently,  after  the  receipt  of  a  letter  from  the 
Reverend  Father  Juan  Alvarez,  setting  forth  the  request 
of  the  Indians  of  Cochiti  that  the  grant  which  had  been 
made  should  be  recalled,  the  governor  made  an  additional 
order  to  the  efl'ect  that  the  grant  made  to  Sanchez  should 
be  understood  as  applying  only  to  what  had  legally  been 
the  tract  owned  by  Fontes,  and  that  in  giving  the  posses- 
sion of  the  tract  no  injury  should  be  done  to  the  Indians. 

This  document  does  not  contain  any  evidence  of  the 
giving  of  possession. 

The  governor's  additional  decree  is  dated  January  11, 
1704. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    231 

823  LORENZO  de  MADRID.     1704-05. 

Question  of  lands  with  the  convent  of  San  Juan.  El 
Marques  de  la  Nava  de  Brazinas.  Pedi'o  Rodriguez  de 
Cubero. 

It  is  stated  that  the  Marques  de  la  Naba  de  Brazinas 
died  on  April  8,  1704;  that  twenty-one  frayles  (Re- 
ligious) gave  up  their  lives  in  the  revolution  of  1680  and 
five  in  that  of  1696. 

824  BARTOLOME  SANCHEZ. 

Grant.  Land  on  the  Chama  near  Santa  Clara.  Santa  Fe. 
1707.  Made  by  Francisco  Cubero  y  Valdes,  Governor. 
Possession  given  by  Juan  Roque  Gutierres,  Alcalde. 

Bartolome  Sanches  Grant.     R.  No.  264. 

This  grant  was  confirmed  by  the  court  of  private  land 
claims  and  according  to  the  survey  has  an  area  of  4,400 
acres.  It  lies  along  the  western  and  southern  sides  of  the 
San  Juan  Pueblo  Grant,  west  of  the  Rio  Grande ;  its  south 
boundary  is  the  grant  to  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara. 

825  ANDR£:S  MONTOYA  and  Antonia  Lucero  de  Godoy, 

his  wife,  to  Bernardino  de  Sena.    Santa  Fe,  1710. 

Land  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rio  de  Santa  Fe.  Diego 
Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.    Manuel  de  Servantes. 

826  SEBASTIAN   de   MONDRAGON   to   Bernardino   de 

Sena.     Santa  Fe.     1710. 

Donation.  Land.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  Man- 
uel de  Servantes.  Xptobal  de  Gongora,  Secretario  de 
Cabildo. 

827  BARTOLOME  SANCHEZ. 

Re-validation  of  a  grant  on  the  Chama.  El  Marques  de  la 
Peiiuela,  Governor.    No.  824,  q.  v. 

828  PASCUAL  TRUXILLO  to  Pedro  Sanchez.    Santa  Fe. 

1713. 

Rancho  in  the  Canada.  Jacinto  Sanches,  Alcalde.  Juan 
de  Atienza  Alcala;  Francisco  de  la  Mora. 

"Pedro  Sanchez,  a  native  of  this  kingdom,  and  a  resi- 
dent of  the  town  of  Santa  Cruz,  in  the  most  approved 
manner  prescribed  by  law,  and  most  convenient  to  my- 
self, appear  before  your  excellency,  representing  that, 
whereas  I  have  to  support  twelve  children  and  three  or- 
phan nephews  who  are  without  father  or  mother,  three 


232    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

female  servants,  and,  with  my  wife,  will  make,  in  all,  the 
number  of  twenty  persons,  and  having  a  piece  of  land 
acquired  by  purchase,  which  is  so  small  that  I  am  com- 
pelled to  borrow  lands  from  my  other  immediate  neigh- 
bors in  order  to  extend  my  crops  every  year,  and  even  in 
this  manner  I  cannot  support  myself,  nor  can  I  maintain 
on  said  land  a  few  sheep  and  four  cows  and  some  mares 
and  horses,  all  of  which  are  necessary  to  the  support  of 
so  large  a  family,  and  which  are  poor  for  the  want  of 
pasture,  and  suffer  a  great  many  wants,  and  in  order  to 
supply  them  I  have  deemed  proper  to  register  and  do 
register  a  piece  of  land  on  the  other  side  of  the  river  Del 
Norte,  uncultivated  and  abandoned,  and  as  such,  unoccu- 
pied, there  being  no  one  having  any  claim  thereto;  the 
boundaries  being  on  the  north  the  lands  enjoyed  by  right 
by  the  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of  San  Ildefonso,  on  the 
south  the  lands  of  Captain  Andres  Montoya,  on  the  east 
the  Del  Norte  river,  and  on  the  west  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains ;  and,  imploring  the  royal  aid  of  your  excellency,  as 
a  loyal  subject  of  his  Majesty,  in  view  of  all  that  I  have 
stated,  I  pray  and  request  that  you  be  pleased  to  grant 
me  said  land  in  the  name  of  his  Majesty  (whom  may  God 
preserve),  in  order  that  I  may  settle  upon  it  so  soon  as 
the  alcalde  himself  of  Santa  Cruz  places  me  in  possession, 
all  of  which  I  expect  from  the  charity  and  justice  of  your 
excellency,  and  I  swear  by  God,  our  Father,  and  the  sign 
of  the  most  holy  cross,  that  my  petition  is  not  made  in 
malice,  but  of  absolute  necessity,  and  whatever  may  be 
necessary,  etc.  Pedro  Sanchez"  [rubric] 

829  ANTONIO  de  SALAZAR. 

Grant.    1714.    Reported  Claim  No.  132,  q.  v. 

Was  rejected  by  the  court  of  private  land  claims. 

830  CRISTOBAL  de  la  SERNA. 

Grant.    1715.    Reported  Claim  No.  109. 

831  JUAN  GARCIA  de  NORIEGA  to  Salvador  de  Santie- 
stevan.     Santa  Fe,  1715. 

House  and  land.    Juan  Garcia  de  la  Rivas,  Alcalde.  An- 
tonio Duran  de  Armijo ;  Juan  Manuel  Chirinos. 

832  MIGUEL  DURAN  to  Domingo  Martin  Serrano.     Santa 
Fe,  1715. 

House  and  land. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    233 

833  BARTOLOME  SANCHEZ.     Santa  Fe,  1716. 

Testimomo  of  his  grant  in  La  Canada  de  Santa  Cruz. 
No.  824,  827,  q.  v.    Juan  Garcia  de  la  Rivas,  Alcalde. 

834  BARTOLOME  SANCHEZ.     Santa  Fe,  1716. 

Complaint  against  Salvador  de  Santistevan.  Bartolome 
Lobato;  Nicolas  Griego;  Xptobal  Crespin;  Juan  de  Mes- 
tas.  In  the  matter  of  their  occupancy  of  his  grant.  Nos. 
824,  827,  and  833,  q.  v.  No  final  action.  Phelix  Martinez, 
Governor.    Nos.  167,  170,  433,  435,  436,  and  437,  q.  v. 

835  FRANCISCO  XAVIER  ROMERO  to  Maria  de  Selor- 
ga.    1718. 

House  and  land  in  La  Canada  de  Santa  Cruz.  Francisco 
Bueno  de  Bohorquez  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde.  Juan  de  Paz 
Bustillos;  Gregorio  Garduno;  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros. 

836  ANDRES  MONTOYA  to  Bernardino  de  Sena.     Santa 
Fe,  1723. 

Land  on  the  other  side  of  Rio  de  Santa  Fe.  Bohorques, 
Alcalde.  Pedro  Lopez  Gallardo ;  Miguel  de  Sandoval 
Martinez;  Juan  Manuel  Chirinos. 

837  JOSEPH  DE  SANTIESTEVAN  and  Josepha  Montoya, 

Ms  wife,  to  Bernardo  de  Sena.     Santa  Fe,  1725. 

Lands.  Miguel  Joseph  de  la  Vega  y  Coca,  Alcalde.  Juan 
Joseph  Lobato ;  Juan  Manuel  Chirinos. 

The  Cuyamungue  Grant,  Reported  No.  64,  was  known 
as  the  Bernardo  de  Sena  Grant. 

"When  this  grant  was  first  surveyed,  in  1877,  there  was 
a  conflict  between  the  survey  and  those  of  the  grants  to 
the  pueblos  of  Nambe  and  Pojoaque.  The  grant  was 
never  confirmed  by  Congress,  but  the  title  was  confirmed 
by  the  court  of  private  land  claims  October  24,  1895.  The 
case  was  appealed  to  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States,  where  the  decision  was  reversed,  a  new  survey  or- 
dered and  a  new  decree  was  entered.  By  this  the  conflicts 
were  removed.  The  Cuyamungue  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  the  Pojoaque  and  the  Nambe  grants  and  on  the  south 
by  the  grant  to  the  pueblo  of  Tesuque.  This  grant  is 
sometimes  called  the  Bernardo  Sena  Grant  and  should  not 
be  confused  with  the  Alfonso  Rael  de  Aguilar  or  Pueblo 
of  Cuyamungue  Grant,  Reported  No.  81,  which  was  re- 
jected by  the  court  of  private  land  claims. 


234    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

838  AGUSTIN  SAIS.     Intestate.     Santa  Fe,  1725. 

Inventory  of  his  property.  Miguel  Joseph  de  la  Vega  y 
Coca,  Alcalde. 

839  FRANCISCO   RENDON  to  Antonio   Felix   Sanches. 

1728.    Santa  Fe. 

House  and  lot  on  the  other  side  of  Rio  de  Santa  Fe. 
Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.    Juan  Manuel  Chirinos. 

840  ANDRES  MONTOYA,  el  viejo,  to  Bernardino  de  Sena. 

Santa  Fe. 

Land  on  the  other  side  of  the  river  Santa  Fe.  1728. 
Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

841  FRANCISCO  de  SILVA,  Alburquerque,  vs.  NICOLAS 
DE  CHABES.     1733. 

In  the  matter  of  the  dower  of  his  wife.  Gervasio  Cruzat 
y  Gongora,  Governor.  Juan  Gonzales  Bas,  Alcalde. 
Bernabe  Baca;  Nicolas  Duran;  Francisco  Antonio  Gon- 
zales ;  Juan  Phelipe  de  Ribera ;  Pedro  Barela ;  Isidro  San- 
chez; Antonio  de  Chabes;  Geronimo  Jaramillo. 

842  MARIA  SANCHEZ  vs.  SALVADOR  VIGIL.  Canada 
de  Santa  Cruz,  1734. 

In  the  matter  of  land  sold  by  her  deceased  husband,  Juan 
Ignacio  Mestas,  to  defendant  against  the  will  of  herself 
and  her  minor  children.  Fernando  Chacon,  Governor. 
Josef  Andres  Galles ;  Antonio  Jose  Ortiz,  Alcalde ;  Miguel 
Garcia,  Alcalde. 

843  JOSE  SANCHES. 

In  the  matter  of  the  settlement  of  the  estate  of  his  de- 
ceased father,  Jacinto  Sanches.  Alburquerque,  1735. 
Juan  Gonzales  Bas,  Alcalde ;  Geronimo  Xaramillo ;  Pedro 
Barela ;  Joseph  Gonzales  Bas ;  Alexandro  Gonzales ;  Fran- 
cisco Antonio  Gonzales;  Juan  Julian  Gonzales;  Juan 
Julian  Gonzales  Bas. 

844  LAZARO  GARCIA  de  NORIEGA,  as  executor  of  the 
estate  of  his  deceased  father,  to  Antonio  de  Santieste- 
van.     Santa  Fe,  1739. 

Land  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rio  Santa  Fe.  Antonio 
Montoya,  Alcalde ;  Baltazar  Montoya ;  Gregorio  Gardufio. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    235 

845  JOSEPH  SALAS  vs.  MARIA  de  SILBA.    Fuenclara, 

1745. 

Trespass.  Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor.  Joseph 
Baca,  Alcalde. 

846  MARIA  GOMEZ  ROBLEDO,  widow,  and  Bernardo  de 
Sena,  executors  of  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros  to  Manuel 
Sanz  de  Garvisu.     Santa  Fe,  1738. 

House  and  lands.  Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor. 
Phelipe  Jacobo  de  Vnuane ;  Francisco  Ortiz ;  Joseph  Romo 
de  Vera. 

On  the  first  page  a  house  is  described  as  being  '^con- 
tiguous to  the  tower  of  the  Palace."  The  boundaries  de- 
scribed on  the  following  page  show  that  this  tower  was 
on  the  east  end  of  the  building. 

847  MIGUEL  MARTIN  SERRANO  vs.  LOS  VALDESES. 
Ahiquiu,  1746. 

Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor.  Vincente  Ginzo  Ron 
y  Thobar;  Juan  de  Beytia,  Alcalde;  Francisco  Gomez  del 
Castillo. 

848  PUEBLO  de  NUESTRA  SENORA  de  los  DOLORES 
DE  SANDIA.    1748. 

Proceedings  in  the  establishment  of  the  Mission,  etc.  Joa- 
chin Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor.  Bernardo  Antonio  de 
Bustamante,  Alcalde  (Tagle)  ;  Isidro  Sanchez  Tagle;  Pr. 
Juan  Miguel  Menchero. 

Petition  by  Friar  Juan  Miguel  Menchero  to  Governor 
Joaquin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  asking  that  lands  be  distributed 
to  the  Moqui  Indians  who  had  been  srathered  together 
with  a  view  to  the  reestablishment  of  the  puehlo  of  San- 
dia;  that  the  boundaries  of  the  puehlo  lands  be  deter- 
mined ;  that  certain  lands  which  had  been  granted  to 
Spaniards  within  the  boundaries  desired  by  the  Indians 
be  declared  to  belong  to  the  latter,  and  that  the  Spaniards 
be  given  lands  elsewhere,  etc.,  etc. 

The  foregoing  petition  was  presented  to  the  governor 
on  April  5,  1748,  together  with  a  communication  from  the 
viceroy  of  New  Spain  in  regard  to  the  reestablishment  of 
the  mission.  The  governor  thereupon  commissioned  Don 
Bernardo  de  Bustamante  to  go  to  Sandia  and  examine  the 
tract  needed  for  the  reestablishment  of  the  new  puehlo, 
and  to  distribute  the  lands,  waters,  pastures,  etc.,  neces- 


236    THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

sary  for  the  use  of  the  Indians,  setting  forth  the  bound- 
aries, and  giving  the  royal  possession  to  the  missionary 
who  might  be  appointed  to  manage  the  pueblo.  He 
further  directed  that  for  the  time  being  the  pueblo  of 
Sandia  should  be  attached  to  Alburquerque,  for  judicial 
purposes,  and  subject  to  the  control  of  the  chief  alcalde 
of  that  town  in  such  matters.  The  alcaldes  of  the 
various  towns  were  directed  to  see  to  it  that  the  Moqui 
Indians  who  might  be  residing  in  their  respective  districts 
should  assemble  as  soon  as  possible  at  Sandia,  where 
construction  of  the  new  pueblo  was  to  be  begun  by  the 
beginning  of  the  month  of  May. 

On  May  14,  1748,  Bustamante,  who  was  at  Sandia  on 
that  date,  caused  to  appear  before  him  three  Spaniards, 
Antonio  de  Salazar,  Joseph  Jaramillo,  and  Salvador  Jara- 
millo,  who  apparently  were  the  owners  of  land  on  the 
west  side  of  the  Rio  del  Norte  (Rio  Grande)  and  opposite 
the  site  of  Sandia.  Bustamante  explained  to  these  men 
that  the  law  allowed  the  Indians  to  have  a  league  in  each 
direction  from  their  pueblo,  but  that  he  would  not 
measure  the  league  toward  the  west  (which,  doubtless, 
would  have  included  the  lands  occupied  by  the  Span- 
iards), but  in  consideration  of  this  the  Spaniards  would 
have  to  consent  to  the  Indians  grazing  their  stock  west 
of  the  river  on  the  Spaniards'  pasture  lands.  To  this  they 
agreed  in  the  presence  of  witnesses. 

On  May  16,  1748,  Bustamante  called  together  the  own- 
ers of  lands  adjoining  those  of  the  Indians  on  the  north 
and  south,  and  asked  them  whether  they  had  any  objec- 
tions to  make  to  the  giving  of  possession  to  the  Indians  as 
had  been  ordered  by  the  governor.  They  replied  that  not- 
withstanding the  fact  that  the  measurements  included 
some  lands  granted  to  them  and  others  purchased  by 
them,  they  would  give  them  up  without  controversy,  be- 
cause of  the  orders  proceeding  from  superior  authority, 
but  they  would  take  legal  steps  to  protect  their  rights. 
Bustamante  then  proceeded  to  give  to  the  new  pueblo  and 
mission  the  name  of  Nuestra  Seiiora  de  los  Dolores  y  San 
Antonio  de  Sandia,  after  which  he  placed  the  Indians  and 
their  pastor.  Friar  Juan  Joseph  Hernandez,  in  possession 
of  the  lands. 

In  making  the  measurement  toward  the  west  (presum- 
ably from  the  site  of  the  new  pueblo)  to  the  Rio  del 
Norte,  there  were  only  1,440  varas,  or  3,560  varas  less  than 
a  league. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    237 

Bustamante  says  that  in  order  to  make  up  the  distance 
which  was  lacking  in  this  measurement,  it  became  neces- 
sary to  increase  in  an  equal  degree  the  measurements  to- 
ward the  north  and  south.  He  further  states  that  he  or- 
dered landmarks  of  mud  and  stone,  as  high  as  a  man, 
with  wooden  crosses  on  top  of  them,  to  be  placed  at  the 
following  places :  On  the  north  opposite  the  end  of  what 
was  commonly  called  the  Caiiada  del  Agua,  on  the  south 
opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Caiiada  de  Juan  Taboso,  and  on 
the  east  the  main  mountain  range  called  Sandia. 

The  new  puchlo  was  settled  by  350  persons,  counting 
adults  and  children, 

849  MARIA  TRUXILLO  to  Antonio  Salazar.  Corral  de 
Piedras,  1750. 

Land.     Juan  Jose  Lobato,  Alcalde.     Juan  Joseph  Jaques. 

850  MARIA  DE  SERNA  and  Jacinto  Martin,  her  husband 

to  the  Heirs  of  Sebastiana  de  Serna.     Villa  Nueva  de 

Santa  Cruz.     1751. 

Land  inherited  from  Roque  Madrid,  her  grandfather. 
Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Alcalde.    Antonio  Martin. 

851  CLEMENTE  MONTOYA  to  Antonio  Sandoval.     San 

Antonio  de  Padua  del  Pueblo  Quemado.     1752. 

Land  in  this  Grant.  Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Alcalde. 
Alonzo  Sandoval. 

852  MARIA  de  HERRERA  to  Francisco  Saes  (Zaes  and 
also  Sais).     Santa  Cruz  del  Ojo  Caliente. 

Donation  of  house  and  lands.  Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Al- 
calde. Juan  Manuel  Dias  del  Castillo,  Vicente  Apodaca, 
Jose  Martin. 

853  MARIA  de  HERRERA,  widow  of  Captain  Antonio 

Martin,  to  Gregorio  Sandobal.     Santa  Cruz  del  Ojo 

Caliente,  1753. 

Donation  of  house,  lot  and  lands.  Juan  Jose  Lobato. 
Alcalde.     Francisco  Saes. 

854  MARIA  MAGDALENA  de  MEDINA,  wife  of  Juan  de 
Ledesma,  absent  in  Sonora,  to  Maria  Francisca  de 
Sena.     Santa  Fe,  1753. 


238    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Land  in  Tesuque.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Man- 
uel Bernardo  Garvisu.  Santa  Fe,  1763.  Partition  of  the 
above  land  by  Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde.  Between  Fran- 
cisco de  Sena  and  Maria  Tomasa  de  Sena,  minor  heirs. 
Vicente  Sena,  Antonio  Abad  Armenta. 

855  MIGUEL  de  DIOS  SANDOVAL. 

Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.     Geronimo  Esquibel. 

856  JUANA  SISNEROS. 

Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

857  SANTIAGO  de  ROYBAL,  Vicario  y  Juez  Eclesiastico, 
to  Phelipe  de  Sandoval  Fernandez  de  la  Pedrera.  San- 
ta Fe,  1756. 

Donation  of  a  flour  mill  called  Molino  de  San  Francisco 
on  the  Rio  de  Santa  Fe  above  the  city.  Francisco  Guer- 
rero, Alcalde.     Bernardo  Manuel  Garvisu,  Lucas  Moya. 

858  FERNANDO  ROMERO  to  Phelipe  de  Sandobal  Fer- 
nandez de  la  Pedrera. 

Land  in  Santa  Fe,  1756.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 
Lucas  Moya. 

859  MARCELA  TRUGILLO  to  Phelipe  de  Sandoval  Fer- 
nandez de  la  Pedrera,  1758. 

Land  on  the  Rio  de  Santa  Fe  above  the  city.  Francisco 
Guerrero,  Alcalde.    Manuel  Bernardo  Garvisu. 

860  BERNARDINO  de  SENA. 

Will,  Sa7ita  Fe,  1765.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Tomas 
Antonio  Sena. 

The  testator  requests  that  his  remains  be  buried  in  the 
"Capilla  de  Senor  San  Miguel." 

861  HEIRS  of  Lucia  Gomez  Robledo : 

Antonio  Sandobal,  Maria  Francesca  Kael,  Nicolas  Rael  de 
Aguilar,  Melchora  Sandoval,  Juan  Sandobal,  and  Phelipe 
de  Sandobal  Fernandez  to  Andres  de  Sandobal.  Santa 
Fe,  1758.  Land  on  right  side  of  the  Rio  Santa  Fe.  Fran- 
cisco Guerrero,  Alcalde.     Jose  Miguel  de  la  Pena. 

862  ROSALIA  de  GILTOMEY  to  Antonio  de  Sena.     Santa 

Fe,  1760. 

Land.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.     Juan  Esteban  Baca. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    239 

863  MARIA  FRANCISCA  de  SENA,  widow  of  Joche  Mo- 
reno.    Intestate.     Santa  Fe,  1763. 

Proceedings  in  the  settlement  of  her  estate.  Santa  Barbara 
de  la  junta  de  los  Bios.  Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde.  Jo- 
seph Miguel  Gardufio,  Nicolas  Rael  de  Aguilar,  Vicente 
Sena,  Antonio  de  Beytia,  Juan  Rafael  Pineda,  Tomas  de 
Armijo,  Carlos  Joseph  Mirabal. 

SANTA  BARBARA  GRANT.    No.  114. 

This  grant  was  surveyed  in  1879  for  over  18,000  acres.  It 
joins  the  Pueblo  of  Picuries  Grant  on  the  east.  The  title 
was  confirmed  by  the  court  of  private  land  claims  and  un- 
der the  decree  and  survey  it  was  found  that  the  area  is 
31,000  acres.    The  grant  was  patented  May  5,  1905. 

864  FRANCISCO  and  MARIA  PAULA  SANCHES  vs. 

JOSEPH  SANCHES,  Executor  of  Jacinto  Sanches. 

Canada  de  Santa  Cruz,  1763. 

Claim  to  property  under  will  of  said  Jacinto,  their  grand- 
father. Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Governor.  Antonio  Baca, 
Alcalde.     No  final  action. 

865  TOMAS  SENA.     Bartolome  Fernandez.    Manuel  Du- 

ran  y  Chaves.     Santa  Fe,  1763. 

Registration  of  a  mine.  Tomas  Veles  Cachupin,  Gover- 
nor.    Manuel  Antonio  Lorenz. 

^Q  SIMON  SEGURA. 

Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.     Juan  Cayetano  Vnaue. 

867  ISABEL  LUJAN,  wddow  of  Juan  Lucero  de  Godoy,  to 

Juana  de  la  Cruz  Sanz  de  Garvisu.     Santa  Fe,  1766. 

Donation  of  land  in  Santa  Fe.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Al- 
calde. Juan  Antonio  Alari,  Francisco  Xavier  Fragoso, 
Geronimo  Esquibel. 

868  SANTIAGO  de  ROYBAL,  Vicario  y  Juez  Eclesiastico 

to  Antonio  de  Sandobal.     Santa  Fe,  1766. 

Donation  of  a  rancho  between  Los  Palacios  and  Cien- 
eguilla,  said  rancho  having  been  acquired  by  purchase 
from  Bartholo  Gutierrez.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 
Lucas  Manuel  de  Alcala,  Juan  Francisco  Niiio  Ladron  de 
Guebara. 


240    THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

869  INHABITANTS  OF  SABINAL  vs.  INHABITANTS 

OF  BELEN. 

Question  of  pastures  and  waters,  1767.  Don  Tomas 
Veles  Cachupin,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 

870  PEDRO  MARTIN  SERRANO. 

Will.  Corral  de  Piedra.  1768.  This  man  was  the 
grantee  of  the  Piedra  Liimbre  Grant.  Antonio  Joseph 
Garcia  de  la  Mora,  Alcalde. 

871  JULIANA  DE  SANDOBAL,  wife  of  Miguel  Tafoya,  vs. 

Lugarda  Tafoya.     Santa  Fe,  1768. 

Question  of  lands.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta, 
Governor.     Nicolas  Ortiz,  Teniente  General. 

872  ANTONIO  de  SALAZAR.     Alburquerqiie,  1768. 

In  the  matter  of  the  settlement  of  his  estate.  Francisco, 
Pablo  and  Cristobal  de  Salazar,  executors  and  heirs.  Joa- 
quin de  Luna,  husband  of  Juana  Angela  de  Salazar,  heir. 
Lands  in  Corral  de  Piedra.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Men- 
dinueta, Governor  and  Captain-General. 

873  CRISTOBAL  MADRID  to  Joseph  Salazar.     1769. 

House  and  land  in  Chama.  Antonio  Joseph  Ortiz,  Al- 
calde. 

874  CAYETANO  de  ATENCIO  to  Joseph  Salazar.     Santa 

Cruz,  1769. 

House  and  land  on  the  Rio  Chama.  Antonio  Joseph  Or- 
tiz, Alcalde. 

875  JOSEPH  and  JUAN  DURAN  Y  CHABES.     Atrisco, 
1769. 

Confirmation  of  a  sale  of  land  made  to  Jacinto  Sanches  in 
1757.  Confirmed  to  Feliciana  Sanches,  daughter  of  said 
Jacinto  and  wife  of  Joseph  Hurtado  de  Mendoza.  Fran- 
cisco Trebol  Navarro,  Alcalde. 

876  JUAN  JOSEPH  DURAN  to  Pedro  Ignacio  Sanches. 
Santa  Cruz,  1770. 

Land  on  the  Bio  Chama.  Salvador  Garcia  de  Noriega,  Al- 
calde. 

877  INHABITANTS  OF  BELEN.     1776. 

Complaint   against   settlers   coming   in   from    Tome   and 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    241 

Sabinal.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta,  Governor. 
Diego  de  Boriea,  Ten'te  G'ral, 

878  JUAN  CRISTOBAL  SANCHES.     Tome,  1772. 

Question  as  to  whether  he  has  a  right  to  pasturage  in  the 
Nicolas  Duran  y  Chabes  Tract.  Don  Pedro  Fermin  de 
Mendinueta,  Governor.  Reported  No.  155,  Nicolas  Duran 
y  Chaves  Grant,  q.  v. 

879  JUAN  CASIMIRO  PEREA  to  Bernardo  Sena  Maese. 
1772.    Puesto  del  Pino. 

Land  in  Santa  Fe.    Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde. 

880  JOSEPH  ANTONIO  SAIS.     Alburquerque. 

Will,  1770.     Joseph  Apodaca,  Alcalde. 

881  MANUEL  BACA  to  Juan  Jose  Silva.     Santa  Fe,  1785. 

Land  in  the  Cienega.     Antonio  Jose  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

882  VILLA  NUEVA  de  SANTA  CRUZ. 

Settlement,  1695.  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan 
Ponce  de  Leon,  Governor  and  Captain-General. 

"Proceedings  had  in  the  new  town  and  settlement 
founded  and  called  'The  Exaltation  of  the  Cross  of  the 
Mexicans  of  the  King  our  Lord  Don  Carlos  H,'  estab- 
lished and  obtained  by  the  efforts  of  the  governor  and 
captain-general  of  this  kingdom  of  New  Mexico,  its  new 
restorer  and  conqueror,  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata 
Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon,  a  certified  copy  of  the  said  pro- 
ceedings having  been  sent  on  May  11,  of  the  said  year  of 
1695,  to  his  excellency  the  viceroy,  the  Conde  de  Galve. 

"Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon, 
governor  and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom  and  pro- 
vince of  New  Mexico,  its  new  restorer  and  conqueror  at 
his  own  expense,  and  reconqueror  and  settler  in  the  same, 
and  castellan  of  its  forces  and  garrisons,  by  His  Majesty, 
etc. 

"It  being  now  the  time  when  a  fixed  place  of  residence 
must  be  given  to  the  families  which,  on  the  part  of  His 
Majesty  our  Lord,  whom  may  God  preserve,  in  his  royal 
name,  by  his  excellency  the  viceroy,  the  Conde  de  Galve, 
over  all  the  kingdom  of  New  Spain  governor  and  captain- 
general  and  president  of  the  royal  audience  and  court  of 
the  City  of  Mexico  and  of  all  this  new  world,  and  with 
the  approval  of  the  royal  commission  and  the  ministers 


242    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

of  the  same,  have  been  sent,  as  well  as  the  others  brought 
by  the  said  governor  and  captain-general  to  this  king- 
dom, and  all  of  which  are  now  in  this  said  city,  and  also 
as  another  lot  and  party  are  expected,  and  in  order 
to  give  them  a  fixed  place  of  settlement,  land  for  cultiva- 
tion of  their  crops,  pastures,  woods  and  waters,  watering 
places,  commons,  and  stock  ranges,  in  order  that  they 
may  have  all  that  they  need  for  raising  their  large  and 
small  stock  of  all  kinds  and  classes;  and  I,  having  been 
informed  of  the  same,  and  it  being  the  royal  will  that  I 
should  be  placed  in  charge  of  the  whole  in  the  matter  of 
the  location  and  settlement  of  the  said  parties,  and  that  I 
should  procure  for  such  as  I  considered  proper  for  the 
service,  stability,  permanency,  security,  comfort,  and 
utility,  seeking  to  find  the  same  on  lands  separate  and 
apart,  if  possible,  from  the  natives  of  the  tribes  and 
pueblos  of  this  said  kingdom  and  the  district  of  this  said 
city,  in  order  to  avoid  the  troubles  and  vexations  which 
would  arise  if  they  live  together  with  the  Spaniards; 
but,  on  the  contrary,  being  separated,  both  would  be  at 
peace,  and  the  said  natives  and  Spaniards  would  live  to- 
gether in  concord  and  harmony,  in  such  manner  that  by 
kind  and  friendly  treatment  our  holy  faith  might  be  im- 
planted among  them  on  a  firm  basis  and  vnth  the  hope 
that  with  their  example  the  adjoining  barbarous  tribes 
might  be  converted ;  and,  with  this  view,  I,  the  said  gov- 
ernor and  captain-general,  having  to  duly  carry  out  the 
royal  will,  which  the  said  most  excellent  viceroy  has  so 
frequently  and  repeatedly  communicated  to  me  in  the 
name  of  His  Majesty,  I  have  done  what  was  necessary, 
and  have  not  only  gone  over,  passed  through,  and  tried 
the  entrances,  exits,  routes,  courses,  and  distances,  par- 
ticularly and  generally,  of  all  this  said  kingdom,  but  with 
an  army  of  the  royal  forces  of  His  Majesty  under  my 
command  as  far  as  the  last  pueblo  and  tribe  of  the  Taos 
of  this  said  kingdom  and  come  out  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Chama  at  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan  de  los  Caballeros, 
distant  ten  leagues  from  the  said  city,  and  the  said  ex- 
aminations having  been  made  as  aforesaid  by  me,  the 
said  governor  and  captain-general,  I  found  that  the  said 
place  and  settlement  of  the  said  party  and  of  the  other 
said  party  that  is  expected  to  arrive  should  be  made  of 
lands  which  belonged  to  the  Spaniards,  who  abandoned 
and  left  them  at  the  time  of  the  general  revolution,  in 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    243 

the  month  of  August,  in  the  year  'eighty,  in  this  kingdom, 
at  the  places  and  farms  extending  from  this  said  city  of 
Santa  Fe  to  the  pueblo  of  Tesuque,  and  those  which  ex- 
tend beyond  the  pueblos  of  San  Ildefonso  and  Santa 
Clara,  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rio  del  Norte,  and,  on  this 
side,  those  which  lie  in  front  of  the  mesa  de  San  Ildefonso 
and  extend  to  the  road  which  leads  to  the  said  pueblo  of 
San  Juan  de  los  Caballeros,  and  those  which  extend  to 
the  pueblos  established  on  the  said  farms,  which  are  San 
Lazaro  and  San  Cristoval,  and  those  which  extend  from 
the  latter  in  the  direction  of  the  highway  which  leads  to 
Picuries,  to  the  Caiiada  called  the  Hacienda  de  Moraga, 
and  the  farms  of  Captains  Luis  Martin  and  Juan  Ruis, 
in  front  of  and  at  the  place  and  tract  of  land  called 
Chimayo;  and  in  order  that  they  be  examined  by  my 
lieutenant-governor  and  captain-general,  who  is  Colonel 
Luis  Granillo,  I  order  him  to  proceed  with  Sergeant  Ruiz 
de  Cazeres,  because  he  knows  the  language  of  the  said 
tribe  of  the  Teguas,  to  the  two  pueblos  of  the  Thanos, 
San  Lazaro,  and  San  Cristobal,  with  Matias  Lujan,  their 
alcalde  mayor,  because  he  is  also  an  interpreter,  to  ex- 
amine in  the  first  place,  the  said  farms  and  places  sep- 
arately, making  a  map  showing  the  names  of  the  places 
and  the  names  of  their  former  owners,  the  quality  of  the 
lands,  and  the  distances,  and  he  will  examine  personally 
and  wall  confer  with  the  above  mentioned  as  to  the  num- 
ber of  persons  who  can  be  settled  on  the  same,  giving 
them  lands  which  they  can  cultivate  and  plant  advan- 
tageously and  without  inconveniencing  one  another,  with 
notification  that  the  pastures  of  the  tract  and  limits  of 
each  of  the  said  farms  shall  be  in  common  and  not  for  in- 
dividuals, and  that  the  stock  which  each  may  have  in 
greater  or  less  number  may  feed  on  the  same,  and  only 
in  case  of  there  being  an  equal  number  will  it  be  per- 
mitted them  to  appear  in  order  to  petition  that  no  one 
shall  have  more  stock  than  another;  and  in  this  manner 
he  will  make  the  said  demarcation,  map,  computation, 
and  regulation  and  in  respect  to  the  said  two  pueblos  of 
San  Lazaro  and  San  Cristoval,  they  having  been  estab- 
lished on  the  farms  and  lands  which  absolutely  belonged 
and  did  belong  to  the  said  Spanish  residents,  who,  because 
of  the  said  general  rebellion  of  the  whole  of  this  kingdom 
in  the  month  of  August,  of  the  year  'eighty,  abandoned 
and  left  them  in  order  to  save  their  lives,  and  who  left 


244   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

on  their  farms  their  household  goods,  clothing,  wares, 
grain,  growing  crops,  and  stock,  all  of  which  were  taken 
possession  of  by  the  said  rebels;  and  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  the  aforesaid,  of  the  said  tribe  of  Thanos,  left  their 
pueblos,  because  of  the  improvements  and  the  fertility  of 
the  lands  and  the  greater  security  of  their  lives,  and  came 
together  with  those  of  the  Teguas  tribe,  who  were  settled 
at  so  short  a  distance,  and  took  advantage  of  the  occasion 
to  obtain  the  improvements  on  the  said  lands,  everything 
being  already  completed,  those  of  San  Cristoval  and 
those  of  San  Lazaro  settled  upon  them,  the  lands  which 
the  Teguas  of  the  said  pueblo  of  San  Juan  de  los  Cabal- 
leros  hold  being  many,  and  the  number  of  people  of  both 
being  small,  and  it  being  on  the  frontier,  as  it  is,  and  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Apache  enemy  as  well  as  that  of  the 
Ute  tribe,  they  saw  fit  to  admit  them  and  give  them  the 
permission,  with  the  general  consent  of  all,  to  settle,  as 
in  effect  they  did  settle  and  were  settled  in  the  said 
pueblo  of  San  Juan,  the  land  and  dwelling  houses  of 
which  are  vacant  and  standing  unoccupied  today,  be- 
cause of  their  having  been  abandoned  only  a  few  years 
ago  on  account  of  their  having  gone  to  settle  on  the  lands 
of  the  Spaniards,  and  where  they  are  today  living  and 
settled;  and  whereas  I  have  conferred  with  the  said  gov- 
ernors of  the  said  pueblos  in  regard  to  the  above  reasons 
and  the  royal  will,  and  I,  the  said  governor  and  captain- 
general,  not  being  informed  of  the  settlement  which  the 
said  natives  of  San  Lazaro,  in  the  said  pueblo  of  San 
Juan,  had  granted  and  designated  to  their  governor,  Don 
Cristoval  Yope,  the  place  of  Yunque,  in  order  that  they 
might  go  there  in  the  coming  winter,  giving  them  per- 
mission and  consent  to  plant  the  said  lands  this  year,  he 
having  a  place  to  go  to  thereafter  with  his  said  people, 
which  number  sixteen  families,  their  whole  number  being 
one  hundred  and  fifty-five  persons,  according  to  what  I 
am  informed  and  as  appears  by  the  list  of  the  same  made 
by  the  reverend  father  preacher,  Brother  Antonio  Obre- 
gon,  their  father  minister,  doctrinal  teacher,  and  guard- 
ian; I  hereby  direct  my  said  lieutenant-general  and  their 
said  alcalde  mayor  and  interpreter,  Matias  Lujan,  to  say 
and  intimate  to  the  said  natives  and  their  said  governor, 
Don  Cristoval  Yope,  that  they  must  go  to  their  said  land 
which  they  have  in  the  said  pueblo  of  San  Juan,  which 
they  had  in  the  same,  as  well  as  the  lands  which  were 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    245 

given  and  partitioned  among  them  by  the  natives  of  the 
same ;  and  I  direct  my  said  lieutenant-general,  if  it  should 
be  necessary,  to  go  to  the  said  pueblo  of  San  Juan  with 
the  said  governor,  Don  Cristoval  Yope,  and  the  war  cap- 
tains of  the  two  pueblos  being  together  in  the  plaza  to 
inform  them  of  my  said  order  by  virtue  of  the  said  royal 
will,  which  is  but  just  and  proper  with  regard  to  the  said 
Spaniards,  and  it  being  neither  unjust  nor  tyrannical  to 
order  them  to  leave  the  said  lands  and  town  founded  by 
them  on  their  said  tract  when  they  have  and  are  pro- 
vided with  a  safe  dwelling  on  the  portion  of  land  which 
belongs  to  them  as  their  own  in  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan, 
and  as  they  also  have  their  lands  sufficient,  irrigable,  and 
dependent  upon  the  seasons  which  are  well  known,  and  it 
is  not  right  that  injustice  and  injury  should  be  done  to 
the  Spaniards  by  keeping  them  out  of  their  said  lands 
known  to  be  theirs,  which  through  the  Divine  will 
promise,  on  account  of  their  fertility,  abundant  harvests, 
wherewith  to  maintain  themselves  and  secure  their  sup- 
port, without  running  the  risk  of  a  failure  and  the  loss 
of  their  supplies  by  working  new  lands;  and  these  (the 
Spaniards)  even  at  great  cost  are  not  yet  secure  among 
the  said  natives,  but  are  discouraged  and  intimidated, 
and  have  not  the  measure  and  the  amount  of  their  legi- 
timate value  (of  the  lands),  and  besides,  the  risk  of  a 
new  loss  to  the  royal  Crown,  and  also  the  labor  of  work- 
ing for  a  year  lands  wild  and  unknown,  for  all  of  which  I, 
the  said  governor  and  captain-general,  ought  to  consider 
and  regard  such  proper  reasons  as  the  near  arrival  of 
the  above-mentioned  lot  and  branch  of  the  said  people 
and  settlers  in  the  said  planting  season,  so  as  not  to  have 
them  to  break  lands,  much  less  not  to  be  troubled  with  re- 
gard to  their  dwelling  houses,  they  having  them  secured 
on  the  said  lands  and  tracts,  as  well  as  their  acequias  open 
and  prepared,  wherefore  it  is  not  in  my  power  to  give 
permission  to  the  said  natives  of  San  Lazaro  to  plant  and 
cultivate  the  same  for  this  year,  but  they,  as  well  as  those 
of  the  said  pueblo,  must  vacate  them,  and  go  to  their 
said  piece  of  land  and  dwelling  houses  in  the  said  pueblo 
of  San  Juan  and  on  their  said  lands  and  there  plant  their 
crops,  and  he  will  give  them  time  to  move  without  injur- 
ing or  tearing  down  the  said  houses  of  the  said  tovtai  until 
the  moon  of  the  coming  month,  and  he  will  call  upon 
them  to  consider  their  having  enjoyed  for  so  many  years 


246    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

the  planting  of  the  said  lands  as  a  reason  for  there  being 
nothing  due  them  on  account  of  their  leaving  the  said 
town.  And  with  regard  to  the  pueblo  of  San  Cristoval, 
my  said  lieutenant-general,  together  with  the  said  alcalde 
mayor  and  interpreter,  Matias  Lujan,  will  proceed  to  the 
same,  and  will  tell  the  said  governor  and  captains  to  go 
to  the  said  place  of  Chimayo,  where  they  asked  my  per- 
mission to  settle,  and  I  will  keep  my  word  to  them  in  all 
things,  and  if  it  be  ascertained  that  the  said  land  which 
they  designated  and  asked  for  can  be  planted  at  once, 
and  he  will  remind  them  that  I  gave  the  said  permission 
and  promise  in  regard  to  the  said  possession  with  the 
understanding  that  the  lands  should  not  be  such  as  to  re- 
quire much  time  to  prepare  them  for  planting,  and  it 
having  been  learned  that  this  could  readily  be  done  I 
made  them  the  said  grant  under  the  condition  that  they 
should  at  once  take  possession  and  establish  their  settle- 
ment and  plant  their  crops  at  the  said  place;  and  he  will 
give  them  also,  as  a  term  for  leaving  and  moving  from 
their  said  town  until  the  moon  of  the  coming  month,  since 
they  have  had  time  sufficient  for  the  same,  and  the  said 
Spanish  settlers,  who  have  made  representation  and  to 
whom  I  have  made  a  grant  because  of  their  having  al- 
leged that  the  said  tract  and  lands  were  theirs  in  the 
said  place  of  Chimayo,  shall  go  with  my  said  lieutenant- 
general,  in  order  that  in  the  presence  of  the  said  gover- 
nor and  the  natives  of  the  said  pueblo  of  San  Cristoval 
they  shall  identify  the  tract  which  they  have  asked  for 
and  the  lands  which  I  have  granted  to  them,  which  are 
from  the  said  pueblo  forward  and  none  towards  that 
which  they  leave  and  the  road  which  leads  to  the  said 
pueblo  of  San  Cristoval,  since  with  this  specification  I 
made  them  the  said  grant;  and  I  inform,  direct,  and  or- 
der the  said  Spaniards,  through  my  lieutenant-general, 
not  to  have  any  conflict  with  the  said  natives,  as  my 
word  and  the  importance  of  the  said  compact  are  superior 
to  the  grant  which  I  have  made  to  them,  since  it  is  uncer- 
tain because  of  having  been  made  on  lands  designated  for 
the  said  natives  and  governor  of  the  said  pueblo  of  San 
Cristoval,  and  therefore  I  will  make  it  up  to  them  in 
another  part  and  place  of  equal  value;  and  to  the  said 
natives  he  will  make  known  the  said  order  and  will  di- 
rect that  they  obey,  carry  out,  and  execute  the  same  with- 
in the  said  term  in  accordance  with  the  reasons  justifying 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    247 

the  same  set  forth,  and  those  of  them  who  may  have  any 
complaint  may  appear  before  me,  the  said  governor  and 
captain-general,  in  this  city  to  make  the  same,  and  to  say 
to  them  that  I  will  hear  them  verbally  or  in  writing,  they 
presenting  them  through  their  alcalde  mayor  and  inter- 
preter, Matias  Liijan,  and  in  order  that  this  said  order 
to  my  said  lieutenant  may  appear,  and  for  the  execution 
of  the  same  I  so  provided  and  signed  the  same  with  my 
civil  and  military  secretary,  and  it  is  dated  in  this  city 
of  Santa  Fe  on  the  eighteenth  day  of  the  month  of 
March,  of  this  present  year  of  one  thousand  six  hundred 
and  ninety-five,  to  whom,  on  my  order,  it  was  delivered 
in  the  original  in  order  that  it  be  returned  with  the  report 
of  its  execution. 

' '  Don  Diego  de  Vaegas  Zapata  Lu jan  Ponze  de  Leon 

[rubric] 
"  Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar  [rubric] 
"Civil  and  Military  Secretary." 


Departure  from  this  City  of  Santa  Fe 

"In  this  city  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  twentieth  day  of  the 
month  of  March,  in  the  year  one  thousand  six  hundred 
and  ninety-five,  I,  Colonel  Luis  Granillo,  lieutenant  and 
captain-general  of  this  kingdom  of  New  Mexico,  in  ful- 
filment of  and  in  obedience  to  the  above  order  and  direc- 
tion of  the  governor  and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom, 
who  is  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponze  de 
Leon,  left  this  city  in  company  with  the  sergeant,  Juan 
Ruiz  de  Cazeres,  and  at  the  distance  of  two  long  leagues 
from  the  same  before  arriving  at  the  pueblo  of  Tesuque, 
of  the  Teguas,  I  came  to  the  farm,  which  is  in  ruins, 
which  belonged  to  Colonel  Francisco  Gomez,  in  which 
there  is  sufficient  agricultural  land  for  one  settler  only, 
and  pasturage  and  woodland  for  the  stock  of  one  owner 
only;  and  I  proceeded  from  the  said  pueblo  of  Tesuque 
directly  to  San  Lazaro,  which  is  the  pueblo  named  in  the 
said  order,  and  in  order  to  duly  execute  the  same  I  caused 
to  be  assembled  its  governor,  and  cacique,  Don  Cristoval 
Yope,  and  the  elders  and  principal  men,  and  the  majority 
of  the  natives  of  the  said  town  of  the  Thano  tribe,  and  in 
the  presence  of  their  alcalde  mayor,  who  is  an  interpreter, 
and  Sergeant  Juan  Ruiz,  who  is  also  an  interpreter  and 
who  acted  as  such,  I  read  to  them  the  said  order  that  they 
might  understand  it  in  their  Thano  tongue  word  for  word, 


248   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

as  was  done,  and  they  all  answered  that  they  would  obey 
in  accordance  with  what  they  had  asked  for  and  the 
grant  which  had  been  made  to  them  in  order  that  they 
might  settle  anew  on  the  place  at  the  end  of  the  Canada, 
called  Chimayo,  adjoining  the  mountain  range,  and  in 
order  to  identify  the  same  and  to  carry  out  the  said  direc- 
tion contained  in  the  said  order  I  instructed  them  to  pro- 
ceed to  the  inspection  of  the  same  in  my  company  to- 
morrow and  also  to  advise  as  parties  interested  and  ad- 
joining, the  governor  of  San  Cristoval,  the  principal  men 
and  the  natives  of  the  same  and  in  order  that  it  may  so 
appear,  I  made  it  a  part  of  the  proceedings,  and  I  signed 
the  same,  dated  ut  supra.  Luis  Granillo  [rubric] 


"The  said  lieutenant-general  proceeds  with  the  said 
governors  of  the  pueblos  to  the  examination  of  the  tract 
designated  at  Chimayo,  which  was  granted  to  them  by  the 
governor  and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom  for  their 
settlement. 

"On  the  twenty-first  day  of  the  present  month  of 
March,  of  the  date  and  year,  I,  the  said  lieutenant-gover- 
nor and  captain-general,  left  the  said  pueblo  of  San  La- 
zaro  with  the  said  alcalde  mayor  and  sergeant,  and  also 
its  governor  and  leading  Indians,  and  the  majority  of  the 
natives,  and  also  those  of  the  pueblo  of  San  Cristoval 
with  their  governor,  their  doctrinal  minister,  who  is  Fray 
Antonio  Obregon,  also  going  with  them  and  me,  the  said 
lieutenant-general,  and  at  the  distance  of  two  long  leagues 
having  gone  through  the  Caiiada  and  passed  an  arroyo 
or  small  rivulet  (arroyo  Riochuelo  Pequeiio)  which  comes 
down  from  the  said  mountain  range  and  which  lines  with 
the  farm  of  Captain  Juan  Ruis,  up  the  river,  and  having 
gone  along  a  little  further,  about  half  a  league,  where 
there  is  a  ruin  on  the  left,  the  said  Indians,  governors, 
and  caciques  showed  me  the  plain  which  is  adjacent  to 
the  said  ruin  which  is  in  a  Caiiada  wide  and  large  enough 
for  their  pueblo  with  sufficient  land  for  irrigation  from 
the  arroyos  and  rivulets  which  come  down  from  the  said 
mountain  range,  and  I  examined  the  mouth  of  the  ditch 
and  the  dam,  which  the  said  Indians  showed  me,  and  the 
said  rivulet  has  water  sufficient  and  permanent;  and  re- 
turning to  the  plain  the  said  Indians  again  proceeded  to 
mark  off  and  describe  the  said  place  for  which  they  had 
asked  the  said  governor  and  captain-general,  and  which 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    249 

grant  he  had  made  and  conceded  to  them,  and  they 
marked  off  the  plan  for  the  said  town,  saying  that  it  was 
to  be  of  sixty-eight  houses,  in  order  that  the  people  of 
the  said  two  pueblos  might  occupy  the  same,  and  adding 
to  them  the  Thanos  Indians  and  captive  women  who  had 
escaped  from  the  city  of  Santa  Fe  in  case  they  should 
desire  to  come  with  them,  that  they  would  admit  and  re- 
ceive them;  thus  the  said  lands  were  given  and  set  off  to 
them  they  being  satisfied  with  having  examined  and  seen 
the  tract  and  place  for  the  establishment  and  site  of  their 
pueblo,  and  in  order  that  it  might  so  appear  I  made  it  a 
part  of  the  proceedings  and  I  signed  it,  dated  ut  supra. 

"Luis  Granillo  [rubric] 


"The  said  lieutenant-general  departs  from  the  Canada 
for  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan  and  proceeds  to  the  other 
side  of  the  Rio  del  Norte  to  sleep  at  Santa  Clara. 

"And  immediately  thereafter,  on  the  said  day,  month 
and  year,  I,  the  said  lieutenant-general,  took  the  route  and 
way  in  order  to  carry  out  the  tenor  of  the  order  and 
direction  aforesaid,  proceeding  to  the  examination  of 
the  farms  and  ranches  belonging  to  the  Spanish  set- 
lers  in  the  Caiiada  before  the  general  revolution  of 
this  kingdom,  which  were  said  to  be  occupied  and 
at  the  distance  of  half  a  league,  and  on  the  boundary  of 
said  farm  of  Captain  Juan  Ruiz,  which  he  has  at  the  said 
place  of  the  said  grant  to  the  said  Indians,  I  found  and 
examined  the  farm  which  belonged  to  the  Martinez,  the 
ruins  of  which  consist  of  the  standing  walls,  and  in  them 
were  living  encamped  five  persons,  with  their  families, 
because  there  were  lands  and  pastures  sufficient  on  the 
north;  and  having  proceeded  in  the  said  direction  about 
three-quarters  of  a  league  I  found,  on  the  left  of  the 
route,  the  said  pueblo  of  San  Lazaro,  and  crossing  the 
Rio  del  Norte  to  the  right  side  I  found  and  saw  the  farm 
which  belonged  to  Miguel  Lujan,  on  which  the  house  is  still 
standing,  he  occupied  with  his  own  family  only,  as  there  is 
irrigable  land  sufficient  for  one  family  only  and  pastures 
sufficient  for  such  stock  as  it  might  possess ;  and  with  this 
farm  there  lines  another  house  and  cultivable  lands  which 
were  planted  by  Marcos  de  Herrera,  who  had  his  family 
on  another  farm  lower  down  which  said  place  has  about 
as  much  land  as  the  last  named  and  mentioned;  and  fol- 
lowing this  there  is  another  lot  of  cultivable  land  which 


250   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

belonged  to  Nicolas  de  la  Cruz,  the  house  on  which  is 
standing  and  occupied  by  his  widow,  the  land  being  suf- 
ficient for  the  support  of  her  family  only,  and  the  pas- 
tures are  in  the  same  proportion ;  and  following  this  is 
the  land  which  belonged  to  Melchor  de  Archuleta,  the 
ruin  of  the  house  only  remaining,  and  there  are  about 
sufficient  lands  for  one  family,  with  pastures  to  corre- 
spond; and  following  along  the  said  plain  and  meadow 
there  is  another  farm,  which  belonged  to  Juan  Griego, 
and  this  is  a  better  piece  of  land  than  any  of  the  others, 
because  of  its  extent,  it  being  sufficient  for  two  families, 
dividing  the  agricultural  land  between  them  and  giving 
them  the  pastures  in  common ;  and  next  there  follows 
another  farm,  which  belonged  to  Sebastian  Gonzales,  and 
now  held  by  Captain  Alonso  del  Rio,  and  in  this  two 
others  had  shares,  so  that  there  is  room  for  three  families 
to  settle  on  the  said  tract,  and  the  lands  are  of  superior 
quality ;  and  next  is  the  farm  which  belonged  to  Francisco 
Xavier,  the  house  in  ruins  and  a  little  tower  standing, 
and  although  he  lived  on  it  alone,  the  tract  has  abun- 
dant land  for  two  families ;  and  this  is  followed  by  that  of 
Pedro  de  la  Cruz,  of  whose  house  there  is  but  one  room 
standing,  and  it  has  land  sufficient  for  one  family  only; 
and  having  finished  making  the  inspection  of  the  said 
farms  I,  the  said  lieutenant-general,  proceeded  to  the 
other  part  of  the  arroyo,  which  lies  between  them  and 
descends  the  said  Cailada,  the  Rio  del  Norte  being  on  the 
right,  and  I  examined  the  following  farms:  first,  there  is 
adjoining  the  said  arroyo  the  farm  of  which  belonged  to 
Bartolome  Montoya,  on  which  there  is  only  the  ruin  of 
the  house  in  which  he  lived,  and  there  are  lands  sufficient 
for  one  family  only ;  and  there  adjoins  this  another  farm, 
which  belonged  to  Diego  Lopez,  and  there  is  a  tower  left 
standing  which  adjoined  his  house,  there  being  land 
enough  for  one  family;  following  this  is  another  farm, 
which  belonged  to  Marcos  de  Herrera,  and  the  said  farm 
has  land  sufficient  for  one  family,  the  house,  because  of 
its  being  close  to  the  said  arroyo  or  rivulet,  was  carried 
away  by  a  heavy  freshet;  next  follows  another  tract  of 
land,  which  was  held  and  owned  by  the  community  of  the 
pueblo  of  Santa  Clara;  following  is  the  farm  which  be- 
longed to  Colonel  Francisco  Gomez,  the  lines  of  the  foun- 
dation of  his  house  only  are  visible,  and  there  is  room 
for  one  family  only;   next  follows  the  farm  which  be- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    251 

longed  to  Ambrosio  Saez,  in  the  houses  of  which  there  are 
now  living,  as  they  were  during  the  past  year  of  one 
thousand  six  hundred  and  ninety-four,  part  of  the  Tegua 
Indians,  rebels  from  the  pueblo  of  Tesuque  making  use  of 
the  said  lands,  for  which  reason  the  houses  are  in  good 
condition,  and  on  this  farm  two  other  families  can  be 
settled ;  and  there  is  also  in  the  middle  of  the  said  meadow 
the  farm  on  which  Agustin  Romero  was  settled  during  the 
planting  season  because  he  had  his  cultivable  land  on  the 
said  tract,  and  here  one  family  can  live  very  well ;  and  so 
descending  along  the  Rio  del  Norte  and  the  Mesa  de  San 
Ildefonso,  the  ruins  of  the  said  house  are  seen,  and  the 
land  is  sufficient  only  for  one  family ;  and  the  said  farms 
are  those  which  are  found  as  aforesaid,  from  the  said 
mouth  of  the  Canada  as  named,  with  the  owners  who  lived 
in  them  and  were  settled  on  them;  and  I,  the  said  lieu- 
tenant-general, then  returned  with  Sergeant  Juan  Ruiz, 
who  accompanied  me  on  the  said  inspection,  and  he  knows 
the  said  places  because  of  always  having  lived  near  them 
and  of  having  been  raised  there ;  and  the  said  report  is 
true  and  certain,  and  in  order  that  it  may  so  appear,  I 
made  it  a  part  of  the  proceedings,  and  I  signed  it,  and 
I  proceeded  to  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara,  in  order  to 
sleep  there ;  dated  ut  supra, 

"Luis  Granillo  [rubric] 

"Arrival  of  the  said  lieutenant-general  at  the  city  of 
Santa  Fe,  at  which  place  he  returns  the  order  of  the 
said  governor  and  captain-general  with  the  proceedings 
had  in  obedience  thereto. 

"On  the  twenty-third  day  of  the  present  month  of  the 
date  and  year,  I,  the  said  lieutenant-general,  having  ar- 
rived at  the  city  of  Santa  Fe,  made  report  of  the  fore- 
going proceedings  to  the  governor  and  captain-general  of 
this  kingdom,  Sefior  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan 
Ponze  de  Leon,  and  by  direction  and  order  of  his  excel- 
lency I  left  and  delivered  the  original  into  his  hands, 
and  in  order  that  it  may  so  appear  I  signed  the  same 
with  the  said  governor  and  captain-general  in  the  pres- 
ence of  his  civil  and  military  secretary. 

' '  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponze  de  Leon 

[rubric] 
"Luis  Granillo  [rubric] 
' '  Before  me : 

"Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar   [rubric] 
"Civil  and  Military  Secretary" 


252   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

PETITION    OF    THE    THANOS    TRIBE    OF    THE   PUEBLOS    OF    SAN 

CRISTOVAL 

"To  THE  Governor  and  Captain-General: 

"The  governors  of  the  pueblos  of  San  Lazaro  and  San 
Cristoval  of  the  Thanos  tribe  for  themselves  and  in  the 
name  of  the  people  of  the  said  pueblos:  We  appear  be- 
fore your  excellency  asking  that  all  the  privileges  al- 
lowed by  law  be  given  us,  and  we  say:  That  your  ex- 
cellency was  pleased  to  order  us  to  move  from  the  said 
pueblos  in  order  to  settle  them  with  Spaniards,  and  we 
pray  that  your  excellency  will  give  us  time  to  plant  the 
said  lands,  which  are  now  open,  during  the  present  year, 
using  the  acequias  of  the  same,  and  as  soon  as  we  take  off 
the  crops  we  will  vacate  the  said  pueblos  in  order  that 
your  excellency  may  settle  them  as  your  excellency 
pleases.  Which  said  petition  your  excellency  was  pleased 
to  grant,  and  with  the  same  we  were  gratified.  And  now 
we  have  learned  that  it  is  the  intention  of  your  ex- 
cellency to  send  us  to  settle  and  plant  in  another  place, 
in  view  of  which  we  submit  to  the  consideration  of  your 
excellency  the  hardships  which  we  are  now  undergoing, 
as  we  have  (as  is  well  known)  no  maize,  which  is  our 
only  food,  and  now  we  are  not  only  unable  to  procure 
any,  but  in  order  to  support  ourselves  up  to  the  present 
we  have  sacrificed  our  clothing,  having  had  to  sell  it  at 
low  prices,  and  also  in  order  to  have  seed  for  this  year, 
and  no  matter  where  we  may  go  to  settle  and  plant  it 
will  be  necessary  for  the  people  of  both  pueblos  to  occupy 
all  their  time  in  breaking  the  land  and  constructing  ace- 
quias, a  thing  impossible  to  do  in  this  year,  because  we 
have  nothing  to  live  on  and  we  will  have  to  seek  it  else- 
where, with  which  the  present  evil  is  not  remedied,  nor 
that  of  the  future,  which  is  imminent.  In  view  of  all  that 
which  we  have  set  forth,  placing  ourselves  at  the  feet  of 
your  excellency,  with  all  due  respect,  we  ask  and  pray 
that  your  excellency  will  consider  our  need  and  the  rem- 
edy for  the  same,  which  rests  wholly  on  your  excellency's 
word,  and  that  your  excellency  will  be  pleased  to  permit 
that  for  this  year  we  may  plant  in  these  pueblos,  and  on 
our  part  we  are  ready  to  vacate  them  as  soon  as  we  gather 
the  crops,  in  which  we  hope  to  receive  from  the  powerful 
hand  of  your  excellency  all  favor  and  grace  as  we  have 
already  experienced  in  things  of  greater  import,  and 
which  is  just,  and  for  the  same,  etc., 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    253 

' '  The  Thanos  Governors  op  San  Lazaro 

AND  San  Cristoval. 

"Presentation  of  the  foregoing  petition  hy  the  war 
captains  for  themselves  and  in  the  name  of  the  Thanos 
tribe  of  the  pueblos  of  San  Lazaro  and  San  Cristoval. 

"In  this  city  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  twentieth  day  of  the 
month  of  March,  of  the  year  one  thousand  six  hundred 
and  ninety-five,  before  me,  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata 
Lujan  Ponze  de  Leon,  governor  and  captain-general  of 
this  kingdom  and  provinces  of  New  Mexico,  its  new  re- 
storer and  conqueror  at  his  own  expense,  and  re-con- 
queror and  settler  and  castellan  of  its  forces  and  garri- 
sons by  His  Majesty,  etc. 

DECREE 

"It  was  presented  by  the  war  captains  of  the  natives 
of  the  Thanos  tribe  of  the  said  pueblos  of  San  Lazaro 
and  San  Cristoval ;  and,  whereas  I  have  given  the  order 
to  my  lieutenant-general,  I  direct  that  it  be  carried  out 
and  executed,  since  I  can  only  permit  that  the  Indians  of 
the  first  pueblo,  that  of  San  Lazaro,  if  they  do  not  desire 
to  join  and  incorporate  themselves  with  those  of  the  pu- 
eblo of  San  Juan  de  los  Caballeros,  where  they  came  from 
and  where  they  left  their  portion  of  land,  or  to  return  to 
their  old  pueblo  which  they  left  and  which  they  had  and 
did  have  before  the  general  revolution  of  this  kingdom 
in  the  year  'eighty,  and  in  which  they  lived  for  many 
years  afterwards,  they  shall  join  and  agree  to  live  to- 
gether in  the  said  second  pueblo  of  San  Cristoval,  and 
shall  plant  their  crops  on  their  lands,  going  as  far  as  the 
said  Caiiada  of  Chimayo  and  farm  of  Moraga,  where,  dur- 
ing the  past  year  because  of  the  second  uprising,  they 
made  and  had  their  cornfields;  and  they  having  lands  of 
their  own,  there  is  no  reason  why  the  royal  will  of  His 
Majesty  the  King,  our  master,  should  not  be  carried  out 
in  regard  to  Spaniards  who  are  expected  and  who  are  now 
on  their  way  here  to  augment  the  population  and  secure 
the  restoration  and  reconquest  of  this  said  kingdom,  nor 
that  the  provision  made  for  the  same  out  of  his  royal 
treasury  should  be  lost  by  their  not  being  given  lands 
suitable  and  proper  for  their  making  their  crops  and 
thereby  their  support  —  reasons  for  not  being  able  to 
leave  exposed  to  said  contingency  an  enterprise  of  such 
magnitude;  and  besides,  in  view  of  the  objection  of  the 
said  natives  that  the  said  lands  are  not  in  condition  to  be 


254   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

cultivated,  they  ought  to  consider  the  favor  done  in  giv- 
ing them  the  half  of  the  lands  belonging  to  the  other  said 
pueblo  of  San  Cristoval,  and  acknowledge  the  care  and 
attention  given  to  their  relief ;  and  in  order  that  this  said 
decree  may  appear  of  record  let  it  be  placed,  with  the  pe- 
tition of  the  said  natives  with  the  decrees  and  proceed- 
ings, which  by  virtue  of  the  said  order  my  said  lieutenant- 
governor  and  captain-general  shall  carry  out  and  make 
report  of  the  same  in  order  that  proper  action  may  be 
taken,  and  I  signed  it  in  this  said  city  with  my  civil  and 
military  secretary  on  the  said  day  ut  supra, 

"Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponze  de  Leon 

[rubric] 
'  *  Before  me : 

"Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar  [rubric] 
"Civil  and  Military  Secretary." 


"Proclamation  including  therein  the  grant  made  to  the 
Mexican-Spanish  families  and  given  with  the  title  of 
Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz  de  Espaiioles  Mexicanos  del 
Rey  Nuestro  Sefior  Don  Carlos  Segundo,  as  set  forth  and 
the  conditions  and  causes  expressed  for  the  carrying  out 
of  the  same. 

"Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponze  de  Leon, 
governor  and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom  and  pro- 
vinces of  New  Mexico,  its  new  restorer,  conqueror  at  his 
own  expense,  reconqueror  and  settler  of  the  same,  castel- 
lan of  its  forces  and  garrisons,  by  His  Majesty,  etc., 

"The  Thanos  Indians,  of  the  pueblo  of  San  Lazaro, 
having  by  virtue  of  my  order  and  direction,  as  expressed 
in  the  same  and  forwarded  for  its  due  execution  on  the 
twentieth  of  March  last  of  this  present  year  to  my  lieu- 
tenant-governor and  captain-general.  Colonel  Luis  Gran- 
illo,  as  it  appears  in  the  proceedings  which  by  virtue  of 
the  said  order  were  had,  and  the  said  Indians  having  con- 
sulted with  their  governors  and  asked  me  for  the  grant 
of  the  tract  of  the  Canada  de  Chimayo  and  left  to  me  the 
said  pueblos  of  San  Lazaro  and  San  Cristoval,  and  I  hav- 
ing succeeded  in  having  that  of  San  Lazaro  vacated  in 
order  to  employ  and  occupy  it  with  the  families  which 
his  excellency  the  viceroy,  the  Conde  de  Galve,  has  sent 
for  the  settlement  of  this  said  kingdom  of  New  Mexico, 
and  they  having  arrived  on  the  twenty-third  of  June  of 
the  past  year  one  thousand  six  hundred  and  ninety-four. 


THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    255 

their  number  being  in   accordance   with  their  list  and 
muster  roll,  in  order  that  they  might  be  supported  and 
lodged  until  the  said  kingdom  was  safe,  and  they  came 
into  this  said  city  to  the  number  of  sixty-six  and  one-half 
families,  and  in  order  that  they  may  be  together  without 
the  intrusion  of  any  others,  in  view  of  their  union,  and 
in  order  that  they  may  be  contented,  they  having  come 
from  one  place  and  country  to  this  said  city,  I  placed 
them  in  the  first  grade,  and  I  designate  the  said  pueblo, 
its  dwelling  houses,  its  cleared  agricultural  lands,  drains, 
irrigation  ditches,  and  dam  or  dams  which  the  said  na- 
tive Indians  had  and  did  have  for  irrigation  and  the  se- 
curity of  raising  their  crops,  and  I  also  designate  and 
grant,  in  the  name  of  His  Majesty,  the  dams  which  they 
may  leave  open  and  those  which  they  may  open,  and  the 
woods,  pastures,  and  valleys  which  the  said  natives  had 
and  enjoyed,  without  prejudice  to  the  farms  and  ranches 
which  lie  within  its  limits  and  district,  and  all  that  which 
it  covers  and  may  contain  as  far  as  the  pueblos  of  Nambe, 
Pojoaque,  Jacona,  San  Ildefonso,  Santa  Clara,  and  San 
Juan  de  los  Caballeros,  giving  these  as  the  boundaries 
of  the  tract  which  the  said  settlement  shall  enjoy,  hold, 
and  have,  and  which  I  make  a  seat  and  town,  and  also 
possession  of  the  houses  which  may  be  given  or  assigned 
to  them  in  person;  and  furthermore,  the  honorary  title 
of  'Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz  de  Espanoles  Mexicanos 
del  Rey  Nuestro  Seiior  Carlos  Segundo,'  which,  in  the 
name  of  His  Majesty,  I  give  to  the  said  settlement,  and  I 
constitute  and  grade  it  as  the  first  new  settlement,  and  as 
such  it  shall  enjoy  priority  of  settlement,  with  the  under- 
standing that  that  of  this  city  of  Santa  Fe  is  the  first,  and 
in  it  only  shall  be  held  the  election  of  the  members  of  the 
illustrious  council,  but  each  shall  have  its  civil  author- 
ity, which  shall  be  composed  of  an  alcalde  mayor  and 
war  captain  and  lieutenant,  with  the  title  of  captain  of 
militia,  alferez,  and  sergeant,  the  said  settlement  being 
limited  to  four  squad  corporals  and  alguazil  de  guerra, 
who  shall  go  out  on  scouting  expeditions  with  the  said 
captain  of  militia  and  other  officers,   alternating  every 
month,  and  they  shall  have  this  style  and  form  of  gov- 
ernment because  of  being  on  the  frontier,  and  in  order 
that  the  said  Spanish  Mexicans  may  be  informed  of  the 
grant  of  the  said  Villa  Nueva  made  to  them,  I  direct  that 
the  same  shall  be  published  in  the  said  form,  in  order 


256   THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

that  they  may  acknowledge  in  due  form  that  I,  the  said 
governor  and  captain-general,  have  them  in  this  said 
kingdom  and  that  I  have  favored  them  in  proportion  to 
my  respectful  appreciation  of  the  promise  contained  in 
the  proclamation  ordered  to  be  published  by  his  excel- 
lency the  said  viceroy,  the  Conde  de  Galve,  as  in  it  he 
promised  them  and  directed  that  I  should  be  ordered  to 
give  them  lands  on  which  to  settle,  and  I  give  them  all 
with  appreciable  improvements,  since  I  have  given  them 
cleared  and  broken  lands  and  of  known  fertility,  with 
their  drains  and  irrigating  ditches  and  dams  in  good  con- 
dition and  with  the  irrigation  secured,  and  also  new 
houses,  because  the  said  pueblo  is  new,  and  they  have 
nothing  to  do  but  to  go  and  live  in  them  and  to  make  use 
of  the  lands  which  I  will  designate  for  them,  granting 
ranches  and  farms  to  those  who  may  prefer  the  same,  in 
order  to  allow  them  more  room  and  allow  for  other  settlers 
who  may  come  in,  and  which  the  King  our  master  may  be 
pleased  to  send,  and  also  those  which  I,  the  said  governor 
and  captain-general,  may  deem  it  proper  to  send  to  settle 
there,  and  this  will  also  be  done  with  people  who  may  vol- 
untarily ask  for  a  grant,  and  who  may  be  designated  as 
settlers  of  the  said  town,  in  order  that  they  may  enjoy  the 
privileges  and  rights  of  the  same;  and  in  order  that  it 
may  so  appear  and  that  they  may  be  ready  to  leave  this 
city  of  Santa  Fe  I  appoint  Thursday,  at  ten  o'clock  in 
the  morning,  and  I  will  then  have  in  the  plaza  of  this 
city  the  packmules  which  I  now  have,  and  I  will  also 
furnish  some  horses  to  mount,  in  part,  those  who  may 
need  them,  and  I  will  aid  them  in  all  things,  assuring 
them  that  a  ration  of  beef  and  corn  shall  not  be  wanting, 
as  well  as  half  a  fanega  of  corn  to  each  family  for  plant- 
ing which  I  promise  to  give  them,  and  also  implements, 
such  as  picks,  shovels,  hoes,  and  axes,  until  those  ordered 
by  his  excellency  the  viceroy  from  the  contractors  shall 
arrive,  and  there  shall  also  be  forwarded  to  their  alcalde 
mayor  and  war  captain,  who  may  be  appointed,  a  supply 
of  firearms,  powder,  and  ball,  in  order  that  they  may  be 
provided  with  all  that  is  necessary ;  and  in  order  that  this 
said  proclamation  and  that  which  is  set  forth  in  it  may 
serve  them  as  a  foundation  and  sufficient  title,  I  order 
that  it  be  published  in  military  style,  with  music  by  the 
band,  and  in  the  presence  of  the  leaders  and  officers  and 
my   lieutenant-governor   and    captain-general,    and    also 


Don  Juan  de  Acuna,  Marques  de  Casa  Fuerte 
Viceroy  of  Mexico,  1722-34 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    257 

that  part  of  the  illustrious  council  which  is  in  this  city, 
and  its  notary,  and  of  my  civil  and  military  secretary, 
and  that  it  be  published  in  the  inner  and  the  outer  plazas ; 
and  I  signed  it  in  this  said  city  of  Santa  Fe  on  the  nine- 
teenth day  of  the  month  of  April,  one  thousand  six  hun- 
dred and  ninety-five. 

' '  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lu jan  Ponze  de  Leon 

[rubric] 
'  *  By  order  of  the  governor  and  captain-general : 

''Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar  [rubric] 
"Civil  and  Military  Secretary 
' '  In  this  city  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  the 
month  of  April  of  the  year  one  thousand  six  hundred  and 
ninety-five,  I,  Captain  Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar,  civil 
and  military  secretary,  certify  that  on  this  day  this  said 
proclamation  was  published  in  the  two  public  plazas  of 
this  city  in  the  presence  of  a  large  concourse  of  people  in 
the  same  and  in  a  loud  and  intelligible  voice  by  Sebastian 
Rodriguez,  negro  drummer,  and  in  order  that  it  may  so 
appear  I  signed  it. 

"Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar  [rubric] 

"Civil  and  Military  Secretary." 


THE  MEXICAN  SETTLERS  DESTINED  FOR  THE  VILLA  NUEVA  DE 
SANTA   CRUZ  DEPART   PROM   SANTA  FE 

' '  On  the  twenty-first  day  of  the  present  month  of  April 
of  the  said  year  of  one  thousand  six  hundred  and  ninety- 
five,  at  the  hour  designated  in  the  proclamation  granting 
the  title  of  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz  de  los  Espaiioles 
Mexicanos  del  Rey  Nuestro  Seiior  Don  Carlos  Segundo, 
the  sixty  families  now  in  this  city  of  Santa  Fe  departed 
at  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  to  settle,  as  provided  in  the 
said  proclamation,  and,  in  order  that  it  may  so  appear,  I 
signed  it  with  my  civil  and  military  secretary. 

' '  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lu j an  Ponze  de  Leon 

[rubric] 
"Before  me: 

"Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar  [Rubric] 
* '  Civil  and  Military  Secretary. ' ' 


ARRIVAL  AT  THE  VILLA  NUEVA  DE  SANTA  CRUZ 

"On  the  twenty-second  day  of  the  month  of  April  of 
the  said  date  and  year,  I,  the  said  governor  and  captain- 


258   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

general,  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponze  de 
Leon,  of  this  Kingdom  and  Provinces  of  New  Mexico,  by 
His  Majesty,  arrived  at  this  Villa  de  Santa  Cruz  de  los 
Mexicanos  Espaiioles  del  Rey  Nuestro  Sefior  Don  Carlos 
Segundo,  so  named  and  placed  by  me  the  said  governor 
and  captain-general,  its  site  and  settlement  having  been 
vacated  by  my  order  by  the  Thanos  tribe,  formerly  of  the 
pueblo  of  San  Lazaro,  and  having  given  it  the  title  and 
placed  it  under  the  protection  of  the  Holy  Cross,  and 
they  having  already  arrived  with  their  alcalde  mayor  and 
war  captain  appointed,  and  the  other  officers  named  in 
the  said  proclamation,  and  with  the  title  of  Villa  published 
in  the  same,  and  ordered  to  be  published  on  the  nineteenth 
day  of  the  present  month  and  year,  and  they  being  drawn 
up  in  line  with  their  said  captain  and  other  officers  desig- 
nated and  appointed,  and  they  were  at  the  entrance  of  the 
plaza  of  the  said  Villa,  and  dismounting  there  near  the 
chapel  which  served  as  a  church  for  the  natives  of  the  said 
pueblo,  and  having  ordered  the  settlers  to  form  in  a  half 
circle  at  my  side,  the  royal  alferez  being  front  with  the 
royal  standard  with  my  lieutenant-governor  and  my  civil 
and  military  secretary,  I  directed  the  said  alcalde  mayor 
and  war  captain.  Major  Antonio  Jorge,  his  lieutenant  and 
captain  of  militia.  Sergeant  Nicolas  Ortiz,  and  his  ensign, 
Joseph  Valdez,  and  Sergeant  Manuel  Ballejo  and  Antonio 
Godinez,  Alguacil  de  Guen-a  and  the  four  squad  corporals, 
Joseph  del  Balle,  Sebastian  de  Salas,  Miguel  Fajardo,  and 
Bustos,  to  step  forward  from  the  said  line,  all  of  whom 
were  appointed  as  the  government  political  and  military 
the  said  Villa  being  on  the  frontier,  by  me,  the  saici  gov- 
ernor and  captain-general. 

POSSESSION  GIVEN  OF  THE  SAID  VILLA  AND  OATH  MADE 

"And  I  required  and  directed  that  they  should  make 
the  usual  oath  accepting  the  said  place  and  settlement, 
the  Nueva  Villa  of  their  own  nation  of  the  Mexicanos  Es- 
panoles  del  Rey  Nuestro  Senor  Don  Carlos  Segundo,  and 
as  loyal  vassals  to  maintain  and  preserve  it,  even  at  the 
expense  of  their  lives,  to  which  they  responded  under  said 
oath  that  they  accepted  the  same  and  that  they  would 
obey  and  keep  the  same ;  and  I  again  made  them  the  grant 
under  the  said  acceptance  and  oath,  revalidating  to  them 
their  lands  which  belong  to  them  and  the  boundaries  set 
forth,  and  which  limit  the  pueblos  mentioned  in  the  said 
proclamations   of  jurisdiction   without  prejudice  to  the 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    259 

boundaries  of  the  lands  which  belong  to  each  one;  and 
also,  in  order  to  encourage  them,  I  made  them  a  grant  of 
all  the  minerals  which  might  be  found  in  the  Chimayo 
mountain  range  according  as  they  might  discover  them 
and  that  I  would  carry  out  and  observe  the  royal  ord- 
inances of  His  Majesty,  and  that  they  be  of  good  heart 
and  keep  up  their  courage  and  that  on  my  part  I  would 
assist  them;  and  there  being  present  the  reverend  father, 
Fray  Francisco  de  Vargas,  ecclesiastical  judge  in  capite 
of  this  kingdom  and  its  custodio  in  this  custodia  and 
concourse,  and  having  in  his  company  the  reverend  father 
preacher  missionary,  Fray  Antonio  Moreno,  whom  he  had 
chosen  as  guardian  and  minister,  I,  the  said  governor  and 
captain-general,  said  to  the  said  settlers  that  he  being  the 
chaplain  of  His  Majesty  appointed  and  named  him  as  their 
guardian  and  as  such  I  gave  him  possession  of  the  said 
chapel  in  order  that  until  they  rebuilt  their  church  it 
might  serve  them  as  such,  and  thus  I  gave  possession  of 
the  same  to  the  said  reverend  father,  leading  him  into  the 
same  by  the  hand,  and  he  arranged  the  altar,  going  in  and 
out ;  and  for  the  greater  formality  and  force  of  the  said 
possession  and  oath  made  in  regard  to  the  said  Villa,  I 
left  my  said  place  with  my  said  royal  alferez  and  my 
lieutenant,  directing  my  royal  alferez  to  place  himself  in 
the  centre  of  the  plaza,  together  with  my  civil  and  mili- 
tary secretary,  in  order  that  he  might  proclaim  that  he 
defended  and  sustained  the  possession  given  by  favor  of 
His  Majesty  at  the  said  granted  place  and  tract  with  the 
limits  and  boundaries  given  and  granted  by  me,  the  said 
governor  and  captain-general,  in  the  said  royal  name,  to 
the  said  settlers  with  the  honorary  title  of  Villa  Nueva  de 
los  Espaiioles  Mexicanos  del  Rey  Nuestro  Seiior  Don  Car- 
los Segundo ;  that  he  came  out  to  defend  it  as  he  would 
defend  it  with  his  life,  and  thus  Avith  his  drawn  sword 
in  his  hand  he  would  sustain  and  did  sustain  it  against 
all  who  might  oppose  it;  and  I,  the  said  governor  and 
captain-general,  with  all  present,  cried  out  all  together,  as 
loyal  vassals  of  His  Majesty,  saying,  'Long  live  the  King 
our  Lord,  whom  may  God  preserve,  the  Seiior  Don  Carlos 
II,  King  of  the  Spaniards,  and  all  of  this  New  World 
and  this  new  town  of  the  Mexicans  and  Spaniards,  and 
which  in  his  royal  name  was  founded  with  the  title  of 
Villa  Nueva  de  los  Mexicanos  y  Espanoles,  and  increased, 
founded,  and  settled  in  the  interest  of  his  Royal  CrowTi, 


260   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

may  he  live  for  many  years  and  reign  over  greater  do- 
mains and  monarchies;'  and  having  repeated  the  said  ac- 
clamation three  times,  throwing  up  our  hats,  three  vol- 
leys were  fired  at  the  same  time,  in  congratulation  upon 
the  installation  of  the  said  settlers  with  such  honor  and 
demonstrations  of  appreciation  and  jubilee;  and  they 
asked  me  as  a  favor  that  I  would  give  them  a  certified 
copy  and  that  I  would  order  that  they  be  given  the  same 
of  the  said  possession  as  well  as  of  the  proclamation  and 
the  quality  of  the  title  specified  in  the  same  in  order  that 
they  might  hold  the  same  as  such  for  the  said  Villa ;  and  in 
order  that  it  may  so  appear  they  signed  it  with  me  the 
aforesaid,  together  with  my  lieutenant-governor  and  cap- 
tain-general and  my  civil  and  military  secretary. 

"Don  Diego  de  Vakgas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponze  de  Leon 

[rubric] 
"Luis  Granillo  [rubric] 
' '  Sergeant  Manl.  Ballejo  [rubric] 
"Antonio  Balverde  de  Cossio  [rubric] 
"The  Alferez  Real:  Antonio  Jorge  [rubric] 
"Before  me: 

"Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar  [rubric] 
"Civil  and  Military  Secretary." 

The  governor  and  captain-general  leaves  orders 
w^ith  the  said  lieutenant-general  to  partition  the  sep- 
aeate  tracts  belonging  to  the  said  settlement, 

"In  this  city  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  twenty-third  day  of 
the  month  of  April  of  the  year  one  thousand  six  hundred 
and  ninety-five,  I,  the  said  governor  and  captain-general, 
my  personal  presence  being  necessary  in  the  city  of  Santa 
Fe,  and  I  having  to  go  to  the  pueblos  of  San  Cristoval 
and  Nambe,  I  order  and  I  leave  orders  with  my  lieutenant- 
governor  and  captain-general  that  the  separate  lands  of 
the  district  and  limits  of  the  said  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa 
Cruz,  the  settlers  having  been  assembled  and  it  having 
been  ascertained  which  of  them  have  received  and  have 
been  favored  with  grants  of  the  tracts  and  ranches  al- 
ready surveyed,  to  those  to  whom  such  grants  have  not 
been  made  the  said  separate  lands  shall  be  given,  marking 
off  for  each  settler  and  his  family  that  which  may  be 
found  to  be  sufficient  for  the  planting  of  one-half  a  fanega 
of  maize,  and  in  it  he  may  plant  such  other  seed  as  he 
may  have,  and  the  said  partition  shall  be  made  in  such 
manner  as  to  satisfy  the  said  settlers,  and  of  the  lands 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    261 

that  may  be  left  over  an  account  shall  be  made  to  me,  and 
in  order  that  the  said  order  may  appear  in  this  said  de- 
cree I  made  it  a  part  of  the  proceedings,  and  I  signed  it, 
with  my  civil  and  military  secretary. 

' '  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lu jan  Ponze  de  Leon 

[rubric] 
"Before  me: 

"Alphonso  Rael  de  Aguilar  [rubric] 
"Civil  and  Military  Secretary" 

Arrival  of  the  said  governor  and  captain-general 
AT  the  pueblo  of  San  Cristoval,  and  he  again  requires 
the  native  Thanos  of  the  same  to  plant  their  crops 

AND  TO  carry  THEIR  HAKVEST  TO  THE  NTIW  PUEBLO  VSTHICH 
they    shall    build    ON    THE    SAID    TRACT    OF    ChIMAYO,    IN 

order  that  he  may  settle  the  said  pueblo  with 
Spaniards  in  the  month  of  October. 

"And  immediately  thereafter,  on  the  said  day,  month, 
and  year  of  the  date,  I,  the  said  governor  and  captain- 
general,  having  repeated  to  the  said  Spanish  Mexicans  of 
the  said  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz  the  said  order,  I  bade 
them  good-bye  and  proceeded  to  the  said  pueblo  of  San 
Cristoval,  in  the  plaza  of  which  place  all  its  people  were 
assembled,  together  with  those  who  had  been  settled  at 
the  said  Villa  Nueva,  and  I  confirmed  the  grant  which  I 
had  made  to  them  in  giving  permission  to  pass  this  sum- 
mer on  the  same  and  to  plant  their  crops  on  its  lands,  and 
required  of  them  that  the  crops  which  God  our  Lord 
might  be  pleased  to  permit  them  to  gather  they  should 
at  once  carry  to  the  new  pueblo,  which  during  this  sum- 
mer they  would  have  to  rebuild,  since  in  the  month  of 
October  they  would  have  to  occupy  it,  leaving  that  of  San 
Cristoval  vacant  in  order  that  I  might  settle  it  with 
Spaniards,  as  I  had  already  informed  them,  and  they  re- 
plied that  they  would  so  do;  and  I  having  again  con- 
firmed the  grant  made  in  their  favor  of  the  said  tract  of 
Chimayo,  I  bade  them  good-bye,  leaving  them  happy ;  and 
in  order  that  it  may  appear  of  record  I  made  it  a  part  of 
the  proceedings,  and  I  signed  it,  with  my  civil  and  mili- 
tary secretary. 

' '  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lu  jan  Ponze  de  Leon 

[rubric] 
"Before  me: 

"Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar  [rubric] 
"Civil  and  Military  Secretary" 


262    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

The  said  governor  and  captain-general  proceeds  to 

THE  pueblo  op  NaMBE,  AND  IN  IT  GIVES  POSSESSION  TO  THE 
MINISTER  MISSIONARY,  WHO  REMAINS  THERE  AS  DOCTRIN- 
ARIAN. 

"On  the  said  day,  the  twenty-third  of  April,  of  the 
said  year,  I,  the  said  governor  and  captain-general,  the 
very  reverend  father  custodian.  Fray  Francisco  de  Var- 
gas, having  appointed  as  minister  doctrinarian  to  the 
mission  of  the  Tegnas  of  the  pueblo  of  Nambe,  proceeded 
with  him  to  give  him  the  possession,  and,  having  entered 
the  said  pueblo,  its  people  were  assembled  to  receive  me 
with  all  politeness,  and  they  being  in  front  of  the  prin- 
cipal site  where  they  had  the  chapel  and  the  house  ad- 
joining the  same  for  the  said  minister,  I  dismounted,  and, 
through  the  interpreter,  I  told  them  that  I  had  come  to 
install  the  father  who  was  to  aid  them  and  administer  the 
holy  sacraments,  he  being  the  reverend  father  preacher, 
Antonio  de  Acevedo,  and  in  the  said  form  I  gave  him 
possession  of  the  said  chapel  and  house,  and  in  testimony 
of  the  same  I  directed  that  the  doxology,  etc.,  be  prayed 
and  sung  three  times,  and  I  ordered  the  said  Indians  to 
aid  him  in  all  things  and  to  fulfil  their  obligations  as 
Christians  and  to  fail  in  nothing;  and  in  order  that  the 
said  possession  and  the  reply  of  the  said  natives  that  they 
would  comply  with  and  obey  all  that  I  had  ordered 
might  appear  of  record,  I  signed  it  with  my  civil  and 
military  secretary. 

"Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponze  de  Leon 

[rubric] 
* '  Before  me : 

"Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar  [rubric] 
"Civil  and  Military  Secretary" 

Arrival  of  the  families  which  by  order  of  his  ex- 
cellency THE  CONDE  DE  GaLVE  WERE  PROCURED  AND  OB- 
TAINED BY  Captain  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  chief  commis- 
sioner, APPOINTED  BY  ME,  THE  SAID  GOVERNOR  AND  CAPTAIN- 
GENERAL, 

"In  this  city  of  Santa  Fe,  the  capital  of  this  kingdom 
and  provinces  of  New  Mexico,  on  the  ninth  day  of  the 
month  of  May  of  the  present  year  of  one  thousand  six 
hundred  and  ninety-five,  there  arrived  at  this  city  of 
Santa  Fe,  capital  which  it  is  of  this  kingdom  and  prov- 
inces of  New  Mexico,  the  families  which  by  order  of  his 
excellency  the  viceroy,  the  Conde  de  Galve,  with  the  ap- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    263 

proval  of  the  general  committee  of  the  ministers  of  the 
royal  treasury  and  war,  in  March  of  the  past  year  of 
one  thousand  six  hundred  and  ninety-four,  ordered  me, 
the  said  governor  and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom,  to 
send  a  chief  commissioner  possessing  my  confidence,  to  be 
appointed  by  me,  and  Captain  Juan  Paez  Hurtado  possess- 
ing the  same,  I  gave  him  the  commission  and  appoint- 
ment in  order  that  he  might  carry  out  the  said  orders  of 
his  excellency  the  said  viceroy,  and  he  proceeded  to  the 
kingdom  of  Galicia  and  the  Real  de  Zacatecas  and  other 
places,  and  the  families  which  he  procured  were  forty- 
four,  according  to  the  list  made  of  the  same  and  which  I, 
the  said  governor  and  captain-general,  received  in  per- 
son, and  in  the  presence  of  the  said  captain  chief  com- 
missioner I  gave  them  lodgings  in  the  said  city  in  the 
houses  which  the  settlers  now  at  the  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa 
Cruz  had  occupied,  and  in  order  that  the  said  arrival 
may  appear  of  record  I  signed  it,  with  the  said  captain 
chief  commissioner  and  my  civil  and  military  secretary. 

' '  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lu jan  Ponze  de  Leon 

[rubric] 
"Before  me: 

"Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar  [rubric] 
"Civil  and  Military  Secretary" 

ACT  OF  transmittal 

"In  this  said  city  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  said  day  of  the 
date  May  nine  and  year  one  thousand  six  hundred  and 
ninety-five,  I,  the  said  governor  and  captain-general,  Don 
Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponze  de  Leon,  having 
examined  these  proceedings,  in  order  that  his  excellency 
the  viceroy,  Conde  de  Galve,  which  he  is  of  all  this  king- 
dom of  New  Spain,  may  be  informed  of  what  has  been 
done  in  this  said  kingdom  in  the  royal  service,  in  which  I, 
the  said  governor  and  captain-general  have  devoted  the 
care  and  attention  necessary  for  his  satisfaction,  and  in 
order  to  make  transmittal  of  the  same  I  directed  my 
civil  and  military  secretary  to  make  a  literal  copy  of  the 
said  proceedings,  as  well  as  of  the  letter  of  transmittal 
with  this  said  decree,  in  order  that  being  copied  and 
compared  in  due  form  the  same  transmitted  and  forward- 
ed to  his  excellency  the  said  viceroy,  and  more  particularly 
because  the  courier  despatched  on  the  fourteenth  of 
January  of  the  present  year  has  not  returned  and  the 
cause  of  his  delay  is  not  known.     And  I  signed  it  in  this 


264    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

said  city  of  Santa  Fe  on  the  said  day,  month,  and  year, 
with  my  civil  and  military  secretary. 
"Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponze  de  Leon 

[rubric] 
"Before  me: 

"Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar  [rubric] 
"Civil  and  Military  Secretary" 

"Most  Excellent  Sir: 

"Sir:  Captain  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  chief  commis- 
sioner appointed  by  me  to  bring  the  families  which  by 
order  of  your  excellency  he  procured  and  obtained  in  the 
city  of  Zacatecas,  having  arrived  at  this  city  of  Santa  Fe 
and  having  entered  the  plaza  of  the  same  to  the  number 
of  forty-four  families,  which  I  received  and  inspected 
personally,  I  going  to  the  said  plaza  for  the  purpose,  and 
also  to  lodge  them  in  the  houses  which  were  vacated  by 
the  sixty  Mexican  families  which  your  excellency  also 
sent  for  the  settlement  of  this  kingdom,  and  having  suc- 
ceeded in  all  that  which  I  might  and  could  desire  for 
the  royal  service  of  His  Majesty  in  the  Villa  Nueva  de 
Santa  Cruz  de  los  Vecinos  Mexicanos  del  Rey  Nuestro 
Seiior  Don  Carlos  Segundo  in  a  pueblo  which  the  rebels 
of  the  Thanos  tribe  had  newly  founded  on  lands  which 
had  belonged  to  Spaniards,  and  by  the  means  which  I 
devised  for  the  accomplishment  of  this  difficult  enterprise 
I  succeeded,  as  will  be  shown  by  the  orders  and  proceed- 
ings had  of  which  I  forward  a  certified  copy  to  your  ex- 
cellency and  this,  upon  examination  and  consideration, 
will  prove  to  your  excellency  that  I  have  been  successful, 
and  that  I  have  secured  at  a  short  distance  another 
larger  town  of  the  said  tribe  which  is  vacant  and  free 
and  I  have  secured  it  for  the  month  of  October,  when, 
God  willing,  I  will  found  and  settle  another  town  with 
these  said  families  which  we  have  received  and  lodged 
today  in  this  city  of  Santa  Fe,  and  I  will  see  that  both 
shall  plant  crops  in  order  that  they  may  be  relieved  from 
receiving  rations  as  at  present  and  living  on  the  gener- 
osity and  magnificence  of  your  excellency,  and  it  is  very 
true  that  the  transportation  of  maize  to  this  city  has 
caused  me  much  trouble  because  of  the  distance  of  the 
kingdom  of  New  Biscay  and  of  there  being  no  resources 
any  nearer. 

"I  am  anxious  and  troubled  because  the  courier 
whom  I  despatched  on  the  fourteenth  of  January  of  the 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    265 

present  year  to  your  excellency  has  not  returned,  and 
this  also  induces  me  to  send  this  despatch,  in  order  that 
I  may  ascertain  the  reason  of  his  delay  or  know  whether 
he  has  been  robbed  or  murdered ;  and  I  beg  that  your  ex- 
cellency will  send  me  duplicates  of  the  orders  and  des- 
patches which  your  excellency  may  have  been  pleased  to 
forward  to  me  by  the  said  courier  in  order  that  I  may 
on  my  part  duly  execute  the  same;  and  I  also  hope  that 
your  excellency  has  received  the  order  that  with  the  same 
your  excellency  may  decide  upon  the  reply  to  my  letters 
of  consultation  forwarded  by  your  excellency  to  the  su- 
preme and  royal  council  of  the  Indies,  as  in  this  expec- 
tation I  have  delayed  the  said  settlers  in  order  that 
through  its  means  they  may  be  assured  of  their  establish- 
ment; and  two  missions  have  also  been  established, 
Nambe  and  the  said  Villa  Nueva,  the  doctrinal  father  serv- 
ing the  united  pueblo  of  the  said  Thanos. 

"While  I  was  absent  from  this  city  there  arrived  a 
band  of  Apaches  from  the  east,  who  are  called  Chiyenes, 
and  they  told  in  the  town  at  which  they  arrived  which  is 
of  the  Picuries  tribe,  how  some  men,  white  and  light- 
haired,  had  destroyed  a  very  large  tribe  of  the  Apaches 
Conejeros,  living  much  further  inland  than  their  own. 
The  Chiyenes  then  returned  whence  they  came.  This 
was  told  to  me  by  the  alcalde  mayor  and  the  father  min- 
ister, who  came  to  see  me,  and  I  having  asked  the  alcalde 
mayor  why  he  had  not  detained  them,  he  replied  that  the 
leader  of  the  band  had  said  that  he  would  return  with 
all  his  people  in  September,  and  if  God  will  permit  me  to 
live  until  his  return  I  will  hear  what  he  has  to  say  and 
judge  of  it  accordingly,  and  I  did  not  wish  to  omit  to 
give  your  excellency  this  information,  together  with  the 
above,  as  I  desire  to  serve  your  excellency  in  all  things; 
and  may  God  preserve  your  excellency  for  many  happy 
years.  Done  in  Santa  Fe,  on  the  ninth  day  of  the  month 
of  May,  one  thousand  six  hundred  and  ninety-five. 
"Most  excellent  sir,  etc., 

* '  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lu jan  Ponze  de  Leon  ' ' 

[rubric] 

883  DON  FERNANDEZ  De  TAOS.     1796. 

Possession.     Reported  Claim  No.  125. 

884  JUAN  JOSE  SILVIA.    La  Cienega.     No  date. 

Complaint  that  he  is  forbidden  to  graze  his  stock  on  the 
common  lands.    No  action  taken. 


266   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

885  MATLAS  SENA.     Santa  Fe,  1799. 

"Will.    Fernando  Chacon,  Governor. 

886  LUIS  MAESE  to  Aiigiistin  Sais.     Santa  Fe,  1799. 

Land.     Antonio  de  Agiiilera  Isasi,  Alcalde. 

887  SAN  JOSE  Del  BADO  del  RIO  de  PECOS.     1803. 

Partition  of  lands  to  settlers.  Names  given  in  this  ar- 
chive. Fernando  Chacon.  Governor.  Pedro  Bautista 
Pino,  Alcalde. 

888  MARIANO  CASTELO  to  Juan  Segiira.     Santa  Fe, 

1812. 

Land  in  the  Canadu  del  Tio  Leonardo.  Jose  Miguel 
Tafoya.  Alcalde. 

889  MARIA  POLONIA  SILVIA.     La  Cienega,  1815. 

Complaint  that  her  husband  sold  her  land  without  her 
consent.  Juan  Estevan  Pino.  Alcalde.  Alberto  Maynez, 
Governor. 

890  TOWN  OF  SOCORRO 

Grant.     1817.     Reported  Claim  No.  107,  q.  v. 

891  JUAN  RAFAEL  ORTIZ. 

Report  of  Committee  of  the  Ayuntamienio  against  donat- 
ing certain  lands.  Santa  Fc,  1831.  Ribera,  Talomo.  sin- 
dico.     Armijo. 

892  MATIAS  SANDOVAL.     Santa  Fe,  1822. 

Grant  of  lands  in  Galisteo  by  the  Ayuntamiento  of  Satita 
Fe.    Pedro  Armendaris.  Jose  ]\Iaria  Baca,  Secretary. 

893  RAFAEL  SENA.     1822. 

Grant.     Same  as  No.  892. 

894  FELIPE  SANDOVAL.     1822. 

Grant ;  same  as  892-893. 

The  petition  in  the  Town  of  Galisteo  Grant  was  made  in 
February,  1814,  by  Felipe  Sandoval;  Jose  Luis  Lobato; 
Julian  Lucero;  ^Nlatias  Sandoval;  Pedro  Sandoval;  Jose 
Antonio  Alarid.  Diego  Pineda,  and  was  addressed  to  Gov- 
ernor ]\Iaynes.  who  granted  them  a  piece  of  land  at  the 
old  abandoned  Indian  pueblo  of  Galisteo,  reserving  to 
the  people   of   Santa   Fe  and  vicinity,   the   p^i^^lege  of 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    267 

pasturing  live  stock.  INIaynes  was  not  governor  at  the 
time  this  petition  states.  Don  Jose  Manrique  was  gov- 
ernor from  1808  to  1815,  and  Alberto  Maynes  in  1815, 
1816,  and  1817.  From  the  papers  on  file  in  this  case,  in 
the  surveyor-general's  office,  Donaciano  Vigil  says  that 
he  never  held  any  office  under  the  Spanish  government, 
but  under  the  Mexican  government  he  was  continually  in 
office  from  the  year  1824  until  the  American  government 
took  possession  in  1846,  at  which  time  he  was  a  captain 
of  tlie  line  and  secretary  of  the  militia  conunandancy, 
which  latter  position  he  had  held  ever  since  the  year  1824. 
That  he  acted  as  civil  governor  of  New  Mexico  from  Jan- 
uary, 1847,  until  the  first  of  March,  1851. 

895  JOSE  MANUEL  SANCHES,  Bosque,  1823,  vs.  An- 
tonio Martin. 

Question  of  lands. 

896  CABO  JOSE  SALAICE,  CABO  FRANCISCO  GAR- 
CIA, CARABINERO  JOSE  BACA,  SOLD  ADO  JOSfi 
SALAICE,  SOLD  ADO  FELIZ  GARCIA,  SOLDADO 
ANTONIO  JOSE  RIVERA. 

Petition;  1823,  asking  the  Jefe  Politico  for  the  sohrante 
of  the  league  between  the  pueblos  of  Santo  Domingo  and 
Sa7i  Felipe.  Bartolome  Baca,  Jefe  Politico.  Referred 
to  the  Provincial  Deputation. 

897  MIGUEL  and  FELIPE  SENA.     Santa  Fe,  1824. 

Petition  for  lands  on  the  Pecos.    No  action  taken. 

898  JOSE  RAFAEL  SAMORA  and  25  others  for  lands  on 
the  Pecos.    1824. 

Reported  Claim  No.  108,  q.  v. 

899  MANUEL    ANTONIO    RIBERA.     For   himself   and 

Others.     1822. 

Petition  for  lands  adjoining  San  Miguel  del  Bado.  Re- 
ported Claim  No.  29.  Anton  Chico  Grant.  Facundo  Mel- 
gares.  Governor.     San  IMiguel  del  Bado,  1824. 

On  the  24th  day  of  January,  1822,  Don  Salvador  Tapia, 
for  himself  and  sixteen  others,  filed  a  petition  with  the 
' '  Tribunal  of  Independence ' ' —  presumably  the  aynnta- 
miento  of  San  Miguel  del  Bado  —  for  the  tract  of  land 
on  the  Pecos  river,  known  as  Anton  Chico.     The  presi- 


268    THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

dent  of  the  ayuntamiento  referred  the  petition  to  the 
then  governor,  Facundo  Melgares,  who  on  the  13th  of 
February  of  the  same  year,  sent  the  petition  back  to  the 
ayuntamiento  with  instructions  to  make  application  to 
the  Provincial  Deputation.  On  November  9th  of  that 
year  this  was  done.  Nothing  seems  to  have  been  done 
after  that  until  May  2,  1822,  when  Melgares  is  supposed 
to  have  granted  the  land  to  Manuel  Rivera  and  thirty-six 
men,  and  directed  Manuel  Baca,  the  constitutional  justice 
of  El  Bado,  to  place  the  parties  in  possession,  which  was 
done  on  May  2d  of  the  same  year. 

There  is  another  document  in  this  grant,  of  date  March 
3,  1834,  which  purports  to  be  a  distribution  of  lands  at 
Anton  Chico  by  Don  Juan  Martin,  under  verbal  authority 
from  the  constitutional  justice  of  El  Bado,  Don  Juan 
Jose  Cabeza  de  Baca.  The  Manuel  Baca,  above  referred 
to,  was  a  second  cousin  of  Don  Luis  Maria  Cabeza  de 
Baca.  This  document  states  that  the  original  settlers 
were  driven  off  by  Indians. 

The  original  petitioners  and  settlers  were:  Salvador 
Tapia,  Francisco  Baca,  Rafael  Duran,  Juan  Sebastian 
Duran,  Diego  Antonio  Tapia,  Bernardo  Ullibarri,  Felipe 
Valencia,  Luis  Gonzales,  Juan  Cristobal  Garcia,  Tomas 
IMartin,  Juan  Jose  Martin,  Miguel  Martin,  Jose  Medina, 
Simon  Estrada,  Lorenzo  Tapia,  Mariano  Aragon,  and  Jose 
Duran. 

The  name  Anton  Chico  was  a  slang  term,  the  place  be- 
ing properly  known  as  "Sangre  de  Cristo. " 

When  possession  was  given  it  was  done  in  the  presence 
of  ' '  thirty-six ' '  settlers  and  that  of  two  ' '  aldermen ; ' '  Don 
Ventura  Trujillo,  second  alderman,  and  Don  Miguel  Sisner- 
os,  third  alderman.  The  conditions  were,  among  others, 
that  the  place  selected  should  be  common,  not  only  for 
themselves,  but  for  others  who  in  the  future  should  re- 
move there ;  and  also  that  the  settlers  should  be  equipped 
"with  fire-arms  and  arrows,  and  they  shall  pass  muster 
upon  entering  upon  the  land  and  whenever  the  justice 
sent  to  them  shall  deem  proper."  They  cried  "long  life 
to  the  independence"  and  took  possession  of  lands  bound- 
ed as  follows:  On  the  north,  the  boundary  of  Don  An- 
tonio Ortiz ;  on  the  south  the  ridge  of  the  Piedra  Pintada 
and  the  little  table-land  of  Guadalupe ;  on  the  east,  the 
Sabino  Spring,  with  the  Alto  de  Los  Esteros,  where  the 
river  forms  a  caiion  below,  where  the  men  were  killed, 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    269 

and  on  the  west,  the  Cuesta  and  the  Little  Bernal  Hill; 
which  is  the  boundary  of  El  Bado. 

In  1834  the  place  was  known  as  ' '  The  Avocation  of  Our 
Lord  and  Sangre  de  Cristo." 

It  was  near  this  place  that  the  Texas-Santa  Fe  expedi- 
tion under  McLeod  came  in  1841 ;  at  that  time  Anton 
Chico  had  a  population  of  600. 

Don  Juan  Bautista  Vigil  y  Alarid,  testifying  in  1859, 
says  that  Colonel  Viscarra  proclaimed  the  independence 
of  Mexico  in  New  Mexico ;  that  the  Spanish  governor,  Mel- 
gares,  was  relieved  by  Colonel  Vizcarra,  who  was  appointed 
upon  the  petition  of  the  citizens  of  New  Mexico  who  re- 
quested the  removal  of  Melgares  and  that  after  the  decla- 
ration of  independence,  under  the  Plan  of  Iguala,  all  of 
the  old  authorities  were  relieved  by  the  new  officers. 

Governor  Melgares  was  superseded  by  Colonel  Vizcarra 
on  the  21st  day  of  December,  1822. 

Don  Donaciano  Vigil,  appointed  secretary  by  General 
Kearny  in  1846,  afterward  governor  of  New  Mexico,  de- 
clares in  his  testimony  before  the  surveyor-general,  in 
1859,  that  up  to  the  22d  of  December,  1822,  the  inde- 
pendence of  INIexico  was  not  known  in  New  Mexico  and 
the  same  order  of  things  existed  and  all  the  authorities 
exercised  their  functions  under  the  Spanish  government; 
after  the  declaration  had  been  promulgated  by  the  gen- 
eral government  the  latter  approved  all  of  the  public  acts 
performed  by  the  officers  of  the  country  from  the  date 
of  the  declaration  to  the  time  it  was  published  in  New 
Mexico;  in  other  words,  these  acts  were  "canonized"; 
they  were  not  approved  by  statute  but  they  were  not  dis- 
approved. However,  the  people  of  new  Mexico  consid- 
ered themselves  as  separated  from  the  Spanish  crown 
from  the  date  of  the  declaration,  September  27,  1821. 

JUAN  ESTEVAN  PINO :  Report  of  Diego  Casilla,  Al- 
calde Constitucional  de  la  Jurisdicion  del  Bado  in  the 
matter  of  the  giving  possession  of  lands  to  said  Pino  in 
said  place  and  the  damage  that  would  result  therefrom, 
etc.     Bartolome  Baca,  Governor. 

This  item  is  of  interest  in  connection   with  the  Anton 

Chico  and  the  Las  Vegas  grants,  q.  v. 

900  URSULA  CHAVES  of  Los  Padillas,  in  the  name  of 
her  husband,  Antonio  Sandoval.     1824. 


270   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

In  the  matter  of  a  petition  for  lands,  made  by  her  said 
husband,  situate  at  Agua  Negra.  Referred  by  the  Ter- 
ritorial Deputation  to  the  Jefe  Superior  Politico  in  1824. 
No  final  action.     Juan  Bautista  Vigil,  Secretary, 

In  1845,  the  Mexican  government  granted  to  Antonio 
Sandoval,  what  is  known  as  the  Sandoval  or  Nolan  Grant 
in  Valencia  county.  Sandoval  conveyed  his  title  to  Ger- 
vacio  Nolan.  The  latter  died  in  1858  and  his  heirs  sold 
the  entire  grant  to  Joel  P.  Whitney,  who  afterwards  con- 
veyed a  half  interest  to  P.  H.  Story.  The  surveyor-gen- 
eral of  New  Mexico  found  this  to  be  a  perfect  grant  and 
afterwards,  the  supreme  court  of  New  Mexico,  in  a  suit 
brought  on  a  homesteader's  claim,  decided  that  the  action 
of  the  surveyor-general  as  to  the  validity  or  invalidity  of 
grants  was  beyond  the  power  of  the  supreme  court  to 
change  and  the  legal  effect  of  the  action  of  the  surveyor- 
general  in  declaring  the  title  valid  was  to  "segregate 
from  the  public  domain  all  the  lands  covered  by  the  grant 
as  reported  on  by  him  and  to  except  and  reserve  them 
from  the  operation  of  the  homestead  and  other  general 
laws  of  the  United  States  providing  for  the  disposal  of 
the  public  domain." 

901  PEDRO  ALCANTAR  VIGIL,  of  Santa  Cruz,  and  19 

Others.     1845. 

Petition  for  lands  on  the  Sapello  and  Manuelitas.  Acted 
upon  by  the  Territorial  Assembly  and  favorably  recom- 
mended, but  there  is  no  record  of  possession  having  been 
given.  Reported  Claim  No.  9 — John  Scolly,  q.  v.  The 
names  of  the  petitioners  are  found  in  this  item. 

902  DOLORES  JALONA  to  Juan  Damasio  Salazar.    San- 
ta Fe,  1834. 

903  ANTONIO  SENA  to  George  Pratt  and  William  Hague. 
Santa  Fe,  1831. 

Lease  of  land.     Pablo  Montoya,  Alcalde. 

904  ALEJANDRO  SANTIESTEVAN  vs.  PABLO  MON- 
TOYA.    Pena  Blanca,  1832. 

Trespass ;  damage  to  crops.  Juan  Garcia,  Alcalde ;  Jose 
Miguel  Baca,  Alcalde ;  Fernando  Aragon,  Alcalde. 

905  MANUEL  SENA  vs.  MIGUEL  and  FELIPE  SENA, 
his  sons. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    271 

In  the  matter  of  the  sale  of  a  house  to  the  defendants  by 
their  mother,  Maria  de  Jesus  Campos,  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  plaintiff,  her  husband.  Santa  Fe,  1832.  Juan 
Garcia,  Alcalde.    Francisco  Rascon,  Alcalde. 

On  the  next  to  the  last  page  there  is  a  reference  to  a 
house  on  '^La  calle  puhlica  q  va  para  el  harrio  del  Tor- 
reon."  This  is  the  only  reference  to  such  a  place  found 
in  the  archives.  Possibly  it  may  refer  to  the  locality  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  chapel  of  Rosario,  as  mention  is 
made  in  several  archives  of  a  "Torreon"  which  stood  upon 
lands  in  this  locality  belonging  to  Lucero  de  Godoy. 

906  MARIA  DE  JESUS  CAMPOS  to  Miguel  and  Felipe 

Sena.     Santa  Fe,  1832. 

House  and  lot  in  said  city.  Juan  Garcia,  Alcalde.  No. 
905,  q.  V. 

907  MANUEL  SENA.    Santa  Fe. 

In  the  matter  of  the  sale  of  a  house  without  his  consent ; 
sale  by  his  wife.  Abreu,  Jefe  Politico.  Juan  Garcia,  Al- 
calde.   Nos.  905  and  906,  q.  v. 

908  MARIA  GUADALUPE  SANCHEZ. 

Will.  Santa  Fe.  1832  or  1833.  Jose  Maria  Baca  y  Ter- 
ms, Alcalde. 

909  MIGUEL  SENA  vs.  JUAN  ESTEVAN  PINO.   Santa 
Fe.    1835. 

Complaint  in  regard  to  a  reservoir  or  pond.  Albino  Pe- 
rez, Governor.     Francisco  Trujillo,  Alcalde. 

910  RAFAEL  SENA  of  Alburquerque  vs.  FRANCISCO 

BACA,  a  Navajo.    1835. 

Complains  that  defendant,  of  whom  he  and  the  other  set- 
tlers of  the  Cebolleta  bought  a  piece  of  land  at  Cuhero, 
claims  a  part  of  the  crops  raised  on  the  same.  Referred 
to  the  Alcalde  of  Laguna.     Albino  Perez,  Governor. 

Petition  of  August  27,  1835,  by  Rafael  Sanchez  to  the 
jefe  politico.  The  petitioner  states  that  in  connection 
with  all  the  other  settlers  of  Cebolleta  he  had  bought  a 
tract  of  land  of  Francisco  Baca,  a  Navajo  Indian,  at  the 
place  called  Cubero,  near  the  pueblo  of  Laguna;  that 
possession  of  said  tract  had  been  given  to  the  purchasers 
by  the  ex-alcalde,  Don  Juan  Chaves,  and  the  document 
evidencing  that  fact  was  in  the  hands  of  the  then  alcalde ; 


272    THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

that  this  officer  wanted  to  take  from  the  petitioner  one- 
third  of  the  crop  which  he  had  raised  that  year,  on  the 
particular  portion  of  the  tract  which  had  been  assigned 
to  him,  in  order  to  give  it  to  the  Indians  (of  Laguna?) 
who  claimed  a  right  to  the  lands. 

In  view  of  the  foregoing,  the  petitioner  asks  the  pro- 
tection of  the  jefe  politico  against  the  arbitrary  action 
of  the  alcalde,  and  in  a  postscript  he  adds  that  the  par- 
ties interested  in  the  tract  had  ceded  a  piece  of  land  to 
the  said  Indians,  which  the  latter  ignored  and  left  un- 
cultivated. 

On  September  9,  1835,  the  jefe  politico,  Don  Albino 
Perez,  ordered  the  alcalde  of  Laguna  to  report  in  detail 
on  the  matters  contained  in  the  petition.  There  are  no 
further  proceedings. 

911  EAFAELA  SANCHEZ  vs.  Juan  Bautista  Vigil.  Santa 
Fe.    1839. 

Question  of  a  corral  in  said  city.  Manuel  Armijo,  Gov- 
ernor. 

912  MANUEL  SANCHEZ.    Intestate.    Santa  Fe.    1839. 

Inventory  of  his  estate.  Gaspar  Ortiz,  Alcalde.  Gaspar 
Ortiz  Grant,  Reported  No.  31. 

This  grant  is  entirely  within  the  limits  of  the  grant  to 
the  pueblo  of  Nambe  and  its  eastern  boundary  is  the 
western  boundary  of  the  grant  to  the  pueblo  of  Pojoaque. 
It  was  confirmed  by  Congress  June  21,  1860,  but  has  not 
been  patented. 

913  PABLO  ORTIZ  Y  MIERA  to  Jose  Anastacio  Sando- 

bal.    Santa  Fe.    1838. 

House  and  lot  in  said  city.  Felipe  Sena,  Alcalde.  Anas- 
tacio Sandoval  to  Ayuntamiento  of  Santa  Fe.  1842.  Do- 
nation of  the  above  house  and  lot.  Antonio  Sena,  Regi- 
dor. 

914  JUAN  JOSE  SARRACINO.    Santa  Fe. 

Petition  for  land  on  the  Pecos.    No  date.    No  action. 

915  FRANCISCO  SANDOBAL.    Santa  Getrudis  de  lo  de 
Mora.    1844. 

Re-validation  of  sale  of  land  made  to  Francisco  Sandobal 
by  Juan  Antonio  Garcia.  Tomas  Ortiz,  Juez  de  Primera 
Instancia. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    273 

916  DIEGO  SANDOBAL.  Santa  Getrudis  de  lo  de  Mora. 

1844. 

Grant.  Land  on  the  Mora  river,  Tomas  Ortiz,  Juez  de 
Primera  Insiancia. 

917  AGAPITO  SANDOVAL.  Valle  de  Santa  Getrudis  de 

lo  de  Mora.    1844. 

Land  on  the  Mora  river.  Tomas  Ortiz,  Juez  de  Primera 
Instancia.  The  name  of  Francisco  Sandoval  is  mentioned 
in  the  first  part  of  this  grant,  but  it  appears  that  it  must 
be  a  mistake  as  Francisco  had  land  there  by  purchase 
from  Juan  Antonio  Garcia.    No.  915,  q.  v. 

918  FOREIGNERS  as  SETTLERS  on  public  lands  on  the 

Sapello.    1845. 

Decision  of  the  Departmental  Assembly  adverse  on  the 
ground  that  they  are  frontier  lands. 

Bernardo  V,  Franco,  Secretano  de  Gohierno.  In  this 
archive  are  a  number  of  signatures  of  members  of  the 
Assembly. 

The  national  colonization  law  of  January  4,  1823,  by 
its  first  article,  recites  that  the  Mexican  government 
"will  protect  the  liberty,  property,  and  civil  rights  of 
all  foreigners  who  profess  the  Roman  Catholic  apostolic 
religion,  the  established  religion  of  the  empire." 

Pursuant  to  Article  27,  "all  foreigners  who  come  to 
establish  themselves  in  the  empire  shall  be  considered  as 
naturalized,  should  they  exercise  any  useful  profession 
or  industry,  by  which,  at  the  end  of  three  years,  they 
have  a  capital  to  support  themselves  with  decency,  and 
are  married.  Those  who,  with  the  foregoing  qualifications, 
marry  ]\Iexicans  will  acquire  particular  merit  for  obtain- 
ing letters  of  citizenship." 

By  Article  31  it  was  provided  that  "all  foreigners  who 
may  have  established  themselves  in  any  of  the  provinces 
of  the  empire,  under  a  permission  of  the  former  govern- 
ment, will  remain  on  the  lands  which  they  may  have  oc- 
cupied, being  governed  by  the  tenor  of  the  law  in  the  dis- 
tribution of  said  lands." 

By  virtue  of  a  decree  of  the  Sovereign  General  Constitu- 
ent Congress,  August  18,  1824,  "those  territories  com- 
prised within  twenty  leagues  of  the  boundaries  of  any 
foreign  nation,  or  within  ten  leagues  of  the  seacoast,  can 


274   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

not  be  colonized  without  the  previous  approval  of  the 
supreme  general  executive  power." 

In  1828,  it  was  decreed  that  "The  governors  —  Jefes 
Politicos  —  of  the  territories  are  authorized  in  compliance 
with  the  law  of  the  General  Congress  of  the  18th  of  Au- 
gust, 1822,  and  under  the  conditions  hereafter  specified 
to  grant  vacant  lands  in  their  respective  territories  to 
such  contractors  (empresarios) ,  families,  or  private  per- 
sons, whether  Mexicans  or  foreigners,  who  may  ask  for 
them,  for  the  purpose  of  cultivating  and  inhabiting 
them." 

In  1824,  March  16th,  the  following  edict  was  issued: 

''Antonio  Lopez  de  Santa  Anna,  general  of  division, 
henemerito  of  the  country,  and  provisional  president  of 
the  Mexican  Republic,  to  all  the  inhabitants  thereof: 

' '  KNOW  YE  :  —  that  after  a  mature  and  most  cautious 
examination  into  the  benefits  which  will  result  to  the 
Republic  from  permitting  foreigners  to  acquire  property ; 
having  heard  the  opinion  of  the  council  of  representa- 
tives, which  with  the  greatest  exactitude  examined  this 
subject ;  the  reports  of  several  Juntas  of  the  departments, 
many  well  informed  persons,  and  the  pro  and  contra  sup- 
ported in  print;  having  seen  the  various  projects  for  a 
law  which  to  this  effect  have  been  offered ;  being  also  con- 
vinced that  a  frank  policy  and  a  well-understood  interest 
demand  that  there  should  be  no  longer  delayed  a  con- 
cession which  may  tend  to  the  advancement  of  the  pub- 
lic, by  the  increase  of  population,  the  extension  and  di- 
vision of  property,  which  consequently  makes  the  national 
wealth  the  greater;  having  also  in  consideration  that  by 
these  means  the  safety  of  the  nation  may  be  more  and  more 
secured,  since  foreign  proprietors  will  be  so  many  more 
defenders  of  the  national  rights,  at  the  same  time  that 
they  are  interested  in  the  common  property;  considering 
also  the  impulse  which  will  be  given  to  agriculture,  in- 
dustry, and  commerce,  which  are  the  sources  of  public 
wealth;  and  finally,  that  the  opinion  generally  expressed 
is  in  favor  of  the  said  concessions,  I  have  thought  proper 
exercising  the  powers  conceded  in  me  by  the  seventh  of 
the  bases  accorded  in  Tacubaya,  and  attested  by  the  rep- 
resentatives of  the  departments,  to  decree  as  follows: 

"Art.  1.  Foreigners  not  citizens  residing  in  the  repub- 
lic may  acquire  and  hold  town  and  country  property,  by 
purchase,  adjudication,  denouncement,  or  any  other  title 
established  by  the  laws. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    275 


<  I 


'Art.  2.  They  may  also  acquire  ownership  in  mines  of 
gold,  silver,  copper,  quicksilver,  iron,  and  coal,  of  which 
they  may  be  the  discoverers,  in  conformity  with  the  ord- 
inance of  the  branch. 

'"Art.  3.  Each  individual  foreigner  cannot  acquire 
more  than  two  country  estates  in  the  same  department, 
without  a  license  from  the  supreme  government,  and  only 
under  the  boundaries  which  they  now  have,  each  inde- 
pendent of  the  other. 

"Art.  9.  These  arrangements  do  not  include  the  de- 
partments on  the  frontier  and  bordering  upon  other  na- 
tions, in  regard  to  which  special  laws  of  colonization  will 
be  enacted,  without  the  power  to  foreigners  to  ever  ac- 
quire property  in  them,  without  the  express  license  of  the 
Supreme  Government  of  the  Republic. 

"Art.  10.  In  the  departments  which  are  not  on  the 
frontier,  and  which  may  have  coasts,  only  at  five  leagues 
distance  from  the  coasts  can  foreigners  acquire  country 
property. 

"Art.  11.  In  order  that  foreigners  who  may  have  ac- 
quired property  in  the  republic  may  be  citizens  thereof,  it 
is  sufficient  that  they  prove  before  the  political  authority 
of  the  place  of  their  residence  that  they  are  proprietors, 
that  they  have  resided  two  years  in  the  republic,  and  that 
they  have  conducted  themselves  well.  The  expedients 
drawn  up  in  this  manner  will  be  sent  to  the  proper  de- 
partment, by  which  the  certificate  of  citizenship  will  be 
issued. 

"Art.  12.  Foreigners  cannot  acquire  royal  or  public 
lands  in  all  the  departments  of  the  republic,  without  con- 
tracting for  them  with  the  government  which  possesses 
this  right  as  representing  the  domain  of  the  Mexican  na- 
tion. 

"Wherefore  I  order  that  it  be  printed,  published,  circu- 
lated, and  carried  into  full  effect. 

"Palace  of  the  National  Government,  Mexico,  11th 
March,  1842.  Antonio  Lopez  de  Santa  Anna 

"Jose  Maria  de  Bocanegra, 

"Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  and  Government" 

919  AYUNTAMIENTO  de  SANTA  FE.    1845. 

Petition  to  the  Governor  for  a  piece  of  land  in  front  of  the 
Palace  Garden.  Refused.  Jose  Francisco  Baca  y  Terras, 
Alcalde.    Francisco  Ortiz  y  Delgado.  Alcalde. 


276   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

920  FOREIGNERS  as  Settlers  on  public  lands  on  the  fron- 
tier.   1845. 

Decision  of  the  Departmental  Assembly  in  regard  thereto. 
No.  918,  q.  V.    J.  Manuel  Gallegos;  Tomas  Ortiz. 

921  JOHN  SCOLLY.    Santa  Fe.    1845. 

Petition.  Asking  reconsideration  of  his  petition  for  lands 
by  the  Departmental  Assembly.  No.  918-920,  q.  v.  Chaves, 
Governor. 

On  the  27th  of  March,  1843,  John  Scolly,  Gregorio  Tru- 
jillo,  Santiago  Giddings,  Agustin  Duran,  Guillermo  Smith, 
Gabriel  Allen,  George  H.  Estes,  Mateo  Sandoval,  Ygnacio 
Ortiz,  Vincente  Lopez,  and  Francisco  Romero  petitioned 
Governor  Manuel  Armijo  for  ten  square  leagues  of  land, 
situate  at  the  junction  of  the  Sapello  and  Mora  rivers,  in 
what  is  now  Mora  county,  New  Mexico;  at  the  time,  this 
land  was  in  the  partido  or  county  of  Taos ;  two  days  later 
Armijo  granted  the  petition  and  the  justice  of  the  peace 
of  Mora  and  Las  Vegas  was  directed  to  put  them  in  pos- 
session. On  December  4,  1844,  Scolly,  Trujillo,  Giddings, 
Duran,  Smith,  and  Romero  petitioned  Governor  Martinez, 
who  had  succeeded  Armijo,  for  a  confirmation  of  the  grant 
which  had  been  made  by  the  latter,  or  that  a  new  grant 
be  made  to  them,  as  the  time  specified  for  cultivation  of 
the  lands  in  the  former  grant  had  expired.  This  had  oc- 
curred on  account  of  the  invasion  by  the  Texans,  as  well 
as  on  account  of  an  order  made  by  Martinez  suspending 
all  of  the  grants  of  a  similar  kind  made  by  Armijo  to 
other  individuals.  Martinez  referred  the  petition  to  the 
prefect  of  the  Santa  Fe  district,  and  on  the  18th  of  De- 
cember, the  prefect,  Don  Antonio  Sena,  recommended 
that  the  grant  be  validated. 

Nothing  was  done  until  the  spring  of  1846,  when  Ar- 
mijo was  again  governor,  when  the  same  persons,  with 
the  exception  of  Ygnacio  Ortiz,  again  petitioned  for  the 
land.  By  direction  of  Armijo  the  persons  were  directed 
to  be  put  in  possession  of  as  much  land  as  they  could  culti- 
vate, with  other  provisos.  On  May  13,  1846,  the  justice 
of  the  peace  of  Las  Vegas,  by  order  of  Governor  Armijo, 
put  the  persons  named  in  possession  of  five  square  leagues, 
made  a  certificate  of  his  doings  and  filed  the  same,  to- 
gether with  a  map,  with  the  governor. 

Ten  square  leagues  were  asked  for  and  five  square 
leagues  were  given.  The  words  *^cinco  leguas  cuadra- 
das"   and   "cinco   leguas    encuadro,"   according   to    the 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    277 

testimony  of  witnesses,  were  held  to  be  synonymous  terms. 

In  the  month  of  November,  1843,  Scolly  had  already 
begun  the  cultivation  of  the  land,  according  to  Judge 
Joab  Houghton.  James  Bone  had  a  house  and  cultivated 
land  near  what  was  known  as  Barclay's  Fort,  which  was 
situate  near  the  junction  of  the  Mora  and  Sapello  rivers, 
which  was  known  as  Junta  de  los  Rios.  Barclay,  whose 
name  was  Alexander,  built  his  fort  in  1849.  This  fort 
was  still  standing  in  the  seventies. 

The  site  of  Fort  Union  was  taken  possession  of  in  1851 
and  was  leased  by  the  government  from  the  grantees 
named  in  the  petition. 

Scolly,  Giddings,  and  Smith  were  foreign  born  but  nat- 
uralized Mexican  citizens. 

Don  Donaciano  Vigil  stated,  in  1857,  before  the  sur- 
veyor-general, Pelham,  that  the  custom  under  the  Spanish 
and  Mexican  laws  of  measuring  lands  was  to  select  a 
common  center,  from  which  the  measurement  was  made 
in  each  direction,  equally  to  the  north,  south,  east,  and 
west;  that  cinco  leguas  cuadradas  would  be  two  and  one- 
half  leagues  measured  in  each  direction  from  a  common 
center. 

Domingo  Fernandez,  in  this  case,  testified  that  he  was 
seventy- four  years  of  age,  by  the  grace  of  God ;  had  been 
a  justice  of  the  peace  under  the  Spanish  and  Mexican 
governments,  a  member  of  the  cabildo  of  Santa  Fe  under 
the  Mexican  government,  circuit  attorney  and  keeper  of 
the  archives  under  the  government  of  the  United  States. 

Donaciano  Vigil  held  the  office  of  recorder  of  land 
titles  under  General  Kearny's  appointment,  as  well  as 
secretary  of  New  Mexico.  General  Kearny  gave  instruc- 
tions for  the  recording  of  these  land  titles  in  a  book  pro- 
vided for  that  purpose. 

In  measuring  the  lands  of  the  Pueblo  Indians,  Domingo 
Fernandez  declared  that  "in  the  center  of  the  cemetery 
of  every  pueblo  there  is  a  cross  from  which  the  measure- 
ments were  made  in  each  direction,  as  the  document  called 
for." 

John  Scolly  brought  the  first  modern  plows  to  New 
Mexico.  In  his  petition,  filed  with  Governor  Armijo,  he 
says:  "We  ordered  from  the  United  States  plows  of  a 
new  invention,  and  other  necessary  farming  implements, 
which  are  now  on  the  road  and  costing  a  considerable 
amount  for  their  purchase  and  transportation ;  and  dur- 


278   THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

ing  the  next  year  we  expect  merinos  and  cows  to  improve 
the  breed." 

922  FELIX  MAES  to  Felipe  Sandoval.    Santa  Fe.    1845. 

House  and  lot.  Juan  Armijo,  witness.  Tomas  Rivera, 
witness. 

923  JUAN  SAENZ  and  others. 

Grant.    Town  of  CJiaperito.    File  No.  7,  q.  v. 

924  AGUSTIN  ZAES  to  Mateo  Trujillo.   Santa  Fe.   1700. 

Land  in  the  city.  Testimonio.  Certified  by  Antonio  de 
Aguilera  Isasi,  Alcalde. 

925  ORIGINAL  of  924. 

Antonio  de  Aguilera  Isasi,  Alcalde. 

926  DIEGO  TRUXILLO.     Grant.    1701. 

Land  on  the  Chama.  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  Gov- 
ernor and  Captain-General. 

Catalina  Griego,  widow  of  Diego  Truxillo,  and  Antonio 
Tnixillo,  their  son.  Petition  for  re-validation  of  this  grant 
to  Salvador  Santiestevan  and  Nicolas  de  Valverde,  their 
near  relations.    1714. 

Salvador  Santiestevan  and  Nicolas  Valverde.  Re-valida- 
tion.    Juan  Ignacio  Flores  Mogollon,  Governor. 

Possession  given  by  Sebastian  Martin,  Alcalde. 

Bartolome  Lovato.  1714.  Possession  given  in  the  same 
place  to  said  Lovato  by  the  same  alcalde  by  order  of  the 
same  governor.  The  grants  do  not  conflict.  The  land  is 
situate  near  the  mouth  of  the  Chama  river. 

927  SEBASTIAN  de  SALAS  to  Juan  Trujillo.  1701.  Santa 

Fe. 

Land.    Pojoaque.    Joseph  Rodriguez,  Alcalde. 

928  SEBASTIAN  CANSECO  to  Juan  Trugillo.    1702. 

Land  in  Pojoaque  called  San  Isidro.  Joseph  Rodriguez, 
Alcalde. 

929  DIEGO  TRUXILLO,  for  his  wife,  Catalina  Griego,  and 

her  sisters,  Juana  and  Maria  Griego,  vs.  Diego  Arias 

de  Quiros. 

Relative  to  a  tract  of  land  in  Santa  Fe.     1703.     Testi- 
monio of  the  proceedings,  certified  to  by  Alphonso  Rael 
de  Aguilar,  Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 
He  also  signed  himself  "Alonzo." 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    279 

930  MATEO  TRUXILLO.    Santa  Fe.     1703. 

Protest  against  grant  of  a  piece  of  land  in  Santa  Fe  to 
Joseph  Lopez.  El  Marques  de  la  Nava  Brazinas,  Gov- 
ernor and  Captain-General. 

931  JOSEPH  DE  QUIROS  to  Miguel  Tlienorio  de  Alva. 
Santa  Fe.    1703. 

Part  of  a  grant  made  to  him  by  Governor  Pedro  Rodriguez 
Cubero  in  Pojoaque.    Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 

932  ANTONIO  GODINES  to  Pascual  Trujillo.   Santa  Fe. 

1705. 

A  rancho  in  the  Canada.    Juan  de  Ulibarri,  Alcalde. 

933  LAZARO  de  CORDOBA  to  Jose  Truxillo.     Villa  de 

Santa  Cruz.    1712. 

Una  carta  dote  y  todo  el  poder  y  senoria  que  tiene  en  el 
pedaso  de  tierra  que  en  dicha  carta  dote  le  adjudicaron. 

934  JUAN  DE  DIOS  SANDOBAL  MARTINEZ  to  Mateo 
Truxillo.    Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.    1713. 

House  and  lands.    Juan  Garcia  de  la  Rivas,  Alcalde. 

935  BALTAZAR  ROMERO,  of  Alhurquerque,  to  Nicolas 
de  Torres.    1715. 

House,  lot,  and  lands.    Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

936  FELIPE  de  TAMARIS.    Grant.    Santa  Fe.    1716. 

Land  in  Santa  Fe.  Re-validation  of  a  grant  made  by  the 
Marques  de  la  Nava  Brazinas.  Phelix  Martinez,  Gov- 
ernor.    Possession  given  by  Francisco  Lorenzo  Cassados. 

937  DIEGO  ZAINO  to  Miguel  Thenorio  de  Alva.    Santa 
Cruz  de  la  Canada.    1712. 

Small  tract  of  land.  Francisco  Montes  Vigil;  Juan  de 
Dios  Lucero  de  Godoy;  Alphonsso  Rael  de  Aguilar,  Al- 
calde. 

938  XPTOBAL  TAFOLLA.     Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz. 
1718. 

Will.    Bohorques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 

939  JOSEPH  RODRIGUEZ  and  Maria  Lopez  Conejo,  his 
wife,  to  Antonio  de  Tafolla.    Santa  Fe. 

House  and  lot.    1718.    Bohorques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 


280   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

940  EAMON  DE  MEDINA  to  Juan  Truxillo.    Santa  Fe. 
1719. 

House  and  land.    Bohorques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 

941  XPTOBAL  de  TAFOLLA  ALTAMIRANO. 

Grant.     Valle  de  Taos.    1722.    Juan  Domingo  de  Busta- 
mante,  Governor.     No  possession  given. 

942  JUAN  and  ANTONIO  TAFOLLA. 

Grant.  Canada  de  Santa  Clara.  1724.  Juan  Domingo 
de  Bustamante,  Governor.  Xptobal  Torres,  Alcalde.  Santa 
Clara  Grant,  q.  v. 

Petition  by  Juan  and  Antonio  Tafoya  for  lands  in  the 
Canada  of  Santa  Clara,  west  of  the  lands  belonging  to 
the  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of  that  name. 

The  boundaries  asked  for  in  the  petition  were  on  the 
east  of  whatever  belonged  to  the  Indians  of  the  pueblo,  on 
the  west  as  far  as  the  high  mountain  range,  on  the  north 
a  high,  wooded,  black  hill  which  pointed  toward  the  moun- 
tain, on  the  south  a  straight  line  from  the  little  table-land 
of  San  Ildefonso. 

The  grant  asked  for  was  made  by  Governor  Juan  Do- 
mingo de  Bustamante  on  June  8,  1724,  and  the  chief  al- 
calde of  Santa  Cruz  was  ordered  to  place  the  parties  in 
possession. 

On  June  10,  1724,  Cristobal  Torres,  chief  alcalde  and 
war-captain  of  Santa  Cruz,  proceeded  to  give  possession 
of  the  tract  granted,  in  the  presence  of  the  caciques,  gov- 
ernor, and  war-captains  of  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara. 

The  Indians  stated  that  if  the  Tafoyas  were  going  to 
cultivate  lands  on  the  tract  in  question  it  would  result  in 
grave  injury  to  the  pueblo,  as  there  was  scarcely  enough 
water  in  the  stream  which  flowed  through  the  canada  to 
enable  them  to  cultivate  their  fields,  and  consequently 
they  would  not  consent  to  the  giving  of  the  possession  to 
the  Tafoyas  until  they  had  presented  their  objections  to 
the  Spanish  governor.  Thereupon,  Cristobal  Tafoya,  who 
was  present  as  the  representative  of  the  two  grantees,  his 
sons,  stated  that  they  did  not  want  the  tract  for  agricul- 
tural purposes,  but  only  to  build  corrals  and  keep  their 
cattle  and  horses  there.  To  this  the  Indians  agreed,  and 
the  possession  was  given  with  that  understanding. 

943  XPTOBAL  de  TORRES. 

Grant  on  the  Chama.    1724.    Made  by  Juan  Domingo  de 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    281 

Bustamante,  Governor.  Re-validated  in  1726  by  the  same 
oflficial.  It  appears  that  the  grantee  gave  lands  to  the  fol- 
lowing : 

Juana  Lujan,  Joseph  Truxillo,  Nicolas  Jorge,  Josepha 
de  Madrid,  widow  of  Cristoval  Tafoya,  el  Moso,  Antonio 
de  Sandoval,  Juan  de  Sema,  Mateo  Truxillo,  and  Fran- 
cisco Trujillo,  upon  condition  that  they  would  settle  there 
within  a  certain  time.  The  original  grantee  died,  and, 
later  on,  the  settlements  not  having  been  made,  proceed- 
ings were  begun  to  have  the  grant  revoked,  and  this  was 
done  by  the  governor  and  captain-general,  Gervasio  Cru- 
zat  y  Gongora,  in  1733,  and  the  lands  were  published  as 
^'realengas."    In  this  archive  are: 

Xptobal  Torres. 
Will.    1726. 

Angela  de  Leyba,  widow  of  Xptobal  Torres. 

Will.  1727.  It  appears  that  the  revocation  was  made 
with  notice  to  all  of  the  parties  interested. 

No.  950,  q.  V. 

There  is  a  grant  called  Jose  Trujillo,  Reported  No.  12, 
which  was  rejected  by  the  court  of  private  land  claims.  It 
conflicted  with  the  pueblos  of  Santa  Clara,  Pojoaque,  and 
San  Ildefonso. 

944  XPTOBAL  TORRES  vs.  Heirs  of  Juan  de  Mestas. 

Question  of  boundaries.    Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.  1725. 

945  ANTONIO  de  GIJOSA  to  Baltazar  Trujillo.     Villa  de 
Santa  Cruz. 

Reported  Claim  No.  109,  Antonia  Gijosa,  q.  v. 

946  ANTONIO  de  ULIBARRI  to  Maria  de  Tafolla.    1727. 
Santa  Fe. 

House  and  lands.    Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

947  PHELIPE  de  TAMARIS  to  Lugarda  Tafolla.    Santa 

Fe.    1728. 

Lands.    Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

The  parents  of  Felipe  Tamaris  were  Francisco  de  Tam- 
aris  and  Ysabel  Gutierrez. 

948  SALVADOR    GONZALES    to    Manuel    Thenorio    de 
Alva.    Santa  Fe.    1729. 

Two  pieces  of  land.    Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 


282   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

949  JUAN  DE  TAFOYA  ALTAMIRANO  and  Antonio  de 
Tafoya. 

In  the  matter  of  the  use  of  the  water  of  the  Santa  Clara 
river,  1734.  Refused  to  them  by  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gon- 
gora,  Governor. 

Reported  Claim  of  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara  and  No. 
942,  q.  V. 

Petition  of  Juan  de  Tafoya  and  Antonio  de  Tafoya, 
asking  for  the  privilege  of  cultivating  land  in  the  Caiiada 
of  Santa  Clara.  They  state  that  they  had  been  settled  in 
the  Canada  for  ten  years,  but  had  not  been  permitted  to 
cultivate  lands  there  because  of  the  objections  made  by 
the  Indians  of  Santa  Clara  on  account  of  the  scarcity  of 
water  in  the  stream  which  comes  down  from  the  Canada ; 
that  there  was  a  spring  in  the  canada  which  they  could 
use  without  interfering  with  the  water  of  the  river,  and 
numerous  pieces  of  land  which  produced  crops  without  ir- 
rigation. They  requested  the  governor  to  send  some  re- 
liable person  to  investigate  the  truth  of  their  statements, 
and,  in  case  the  conditions  should  be  as  they  alleged,  they 
asked  that  they  be  allowed  to  cultivate  the  lands  referred 
to. 

This  petition  was  presented  to  Governor  Cruzat  y  Gon- 
gora  on  March  4,  1734,  and  he  immediately  ordered  the 
lieutenant-general  Don  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  to  inspect 
the  lands  in  question,  and  make  report  to  him. 

This  was  done  by  Paez  Hurtado  on  March  8,  1834,  in  the 
presence  of  the  governor  of  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara, 
the  interpreter,  and  five  other  principal  men  of  the  pu- 
eblo, and  also  the  two  Tafoyas,  Juan  and  Antonio. 

Paez  Hurtado  stated  that  he  went  up  the  canada  on  one 
side  of  the  river  and  came  down  on  the  other;  that  he 
found  the  spring  of  water  on  the  south  side,  about  60 
paces  from  the  river,  that  it  discharged  its  waters  into  a 
marsh,  and  the  latter  into  the  river ;  that  he  examined  the 
pieces  of  land  which  the  Tafoyas  said  could  be  cultivated 
without  irrigation,  and  which  they  had  been  cultivating 
for  ten  years,  and  that  they  were  under  irrigation;  that 
the  governor  of  the  pueblo  said  that  it  was  all  irrigated 
because  there  were  some  lateral  ditches  in  the  midst  of  the 
fields ;  that  the  Tafoyas  said  these  ditches  were  to  irrigate 
some  of  the  more  elevated  parts  of  the  lands,  and  this 
statement  was  corroborated  by  an  Indian  named  Antonio, 
a  native  of  Santa  Clara. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   283 

The  report  of  Paez  Hurtado  was  transmitted  to  Gov- 
ernor Cruzat  y  Gongora  on  March  10,  1734,  and  on  the 
13th  of  that  month  he  decided  that  the  prayer  of  the  pe- 
titioners could  not  be  granted. 

950  DIEGO  DE  TORRES.     Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz. 
1731. 

Petition  in  the  matter  of  the  settlement  of  the  grant  made 
to  Xptobal  de  Torres  on  the  Chama.  Gervasio  Cruzat  y 
Gongora,  Governor.    No.  943,  q.  v. 

951  BALTAZAR  ROMERO  to  Baltazar  Truxillo.    1732. 

Reported  Claim  No.  109,  q.  v. 

952  JUAN  and  ANTONIO  TAFOYA. 

Petition.  1733.  For  lands  in  the  Canada  de  Santa  Clara. 
Refused.  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor.  Nos. 
972  and  949,  q.  v.    Also  the  Santa  Clara  Grant. 

Petition  by  Juan  and  Antonio  Tafoya  to  Governor  Cru- 
zat, alleging  that  they  had  been  in  possession  of  a  tract  of 
lands  in  the  Canada  de  Santa  Clara  for  eight  years,  which 
tract  had  been  granted  to  them  by  Don  Juan  Domingo  de 
Bustamante;  that  they  had  cultivated  the  land  all  the 
time;  that  while  they  were  in  quiet  and  peaceable  posses- 
sion of  it,  they  received  a  written  order  from  Miguel  de 
Archibeque,  chief  alcalde  of  Santa  Cruz,  to  present  to 
him  the  titles  they  held  to  said  tract;  that  having  com- 
plied with  said  order,  a  few  days  later  the  alcalde  died; 
that  although  they  had  endeavored  to  recover  their  title 
papers  they  were  unable  to  find  them,  even  in  the  hands 
of  the  executors.  In  view  of  all  this  they  ask  the  gov- 
ernor to  make  them  a  new  grant  of  the  premises,  stating 
the  boundaries  to  be  on  the  east  by  the  boundaries  of  the 
puehlo  of  Santa  Clara,  on  the  west  by  the  main  mountain 
range,  on  the  south  by  a  table-land  called  that  of  San  Ilde- 
fonso,  and  on  the  north  by  the  lands  of  Juan  de  Mestas. 

This  petition  was  presented  to  the  governor  on  Novem- 
ber 12,  1733,  and  he  thereupon  ordered  the  petitioners  to 
present  witnesses  before  Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  chief  al- 
calde of  Santa  Fe,  to  prove  the  making  of  the  grant  by 
Governor  Bustamante. 

Subsequently  this  was  done,  the  petitioners  at  different 
times  presenting  five  witnesses,  whose  sworn  statements 
were  reduced  to  writing,  and  made  a  part  of  the  record. 

These  depositions  showed  that  the  grant  undoubtedly 


284   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

had  been  made  by  Governor  Bustamante ;  that  possession 
had  been  given  by  the  chief  alcalde,  Captain  Cristobal  de 
Torres;  that  the  Indians  had  objected  to  the  grantees  be- 
ing permitted  to  cultivate  any  lands  on  the  tract  granted, 
because  such  cultivation  would  interfere  with  the  supply 
of  water  in  the  Santa  Clara  river,  on  which  stream  they 
depended  for  the  cultivation  of  their  own  fields;  that  the 
Tafoyas  then  stated  they  did  not  want  the  grant  for  agri- 
cultural purposes  but  only  as  a  ranch;  that  the  Indians 
had  no  objections  to  it  being  used  for  that  purpose,  and 
that  possession  was  given  with  that  understanding. 

Also  it  was  shown  that  the  Tafoyas  had  settled  the  land, 
built  houses,  opened  up  the  lands,  and  even  built  a  chapel. 

In  view  of  the  foregoing.  Governor  Cruzat  y  Gongora, 
on  November  20,  1733,  stated  that  the  possession  which 
had  been  given  of  the  tract  should  be  understood  as  ap- 
plying only  to  a  ranch,  and  not  to  planting  lands. 

On  November  26,  1733,  this  decision  was  made  known 
to  the  Tafoyas  by  the  chief  alcalde  of  Santa  Cruz,  Captain 
Juan  Esteban  Garcia  de  Noriega,  and  the  Tafoyas,  after 
hearing  and  understanding  it,  stated  that  they  still  had 
some  statements  to  make  in  regard  to  the  possession. 

The  document  abruptly  ends  in  that  way. 

953  PHELIPE  TAMAEIS,  for  his  wife,  Magdalena  Baca. 
1734. 

Claim  for  house  and  lands  against  Francisco  Guerrero. 
Santa  Fe.  Compromised.  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora 
Governor. 

Felipe  Tamaris  was  a  vecino  in  1733  and  1734 ;  married 
Magdalena  Vaca,  daughter  of  Ignacio  Vaca  and  Juana  de 
Almazan;  there  are  four  of  Tamaris 's  signatures,  the 
last  being  certified  to  by  Antonio  de  Ulibarri. 

954  SALVADOR  de  TORRES,  Xptobal  Tafoya,  Josefa  de 
Torres,  Juan  Joseph  de  la  Cerda,  Miguel  Montoya, 
Juan  Truxillo,  Miguel  Martin  Serrano,  Francisco 
Truxillo,  Vincente  Xiron,  and  Bartolome  Truxillo. 

Petition.  1734.  Lands  on  the  Chama  at  Abiquiu.  Grant 
made  by  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor.  Posses- 
sion given  by  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Teniente  General. 

955  JOSEPH  ANTONIO  de  TORRES.    Petition.    1735. 

Land  at  Abiquiu.    Grant  made  by  Juan  Paez  Hurtado, 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    285 

Acting  Captain-General.     Revoked  by  Cruzat  y  Gongora, 
Governor. 

956  TOWN  of  TOME.    Grant.    1739. 

Reported  Claim  No.  2,  q.  v. 

The  grant  to  the  Town  of  Tome  was  made  in  the  year 
1739 ;  the  new  settlement  was  called  "  Niiestra  Senora  de  la 
Coiicepcion  de  Tome  Dominguez"  and  was  named  for  the 
celebrated  Captain  Thome  Dominguez  de  Mendoza,  who 
owned  a  rancho  near  by  prior  to  the  pueblo  rebellion  of 
1680.    The  grant  is  as  follows: 

"Sir  Senior  Justice:  —  All  the  undersigned  appear  be- 
fore you,  and  all  and  jointly,  and  each  one  for  himself, 
state,  that  in  order  that  his  excellency  the  governor  may 
be  pleased  to  donate  to  them  the  land  called  Thome  Do- 
minguez, granted  to  those  who  first  solicited  the  same, 
and  who  declined  settling  thereon,  we  therefore  ask  that 
the  land  be  granted  to  us;  we  therefore  pray  you  to  be 
pleased  [eaten  by  mice]  at  that  time  [eaten  by  mice]  said 
settlers,  we  being  disposed  to  settle  upon  the  same  within 
the  time  prescribed  by  law ;  we  pray  you  to  be  pleased  to 
give  us  the  grant  which  you  have  caused  to  be  returned, 
as  you  are  aware  that  our  petition  is  founded  upon  ne- 
cessity and  justice,  our  present  condition  being  very  lim- 
ited, with  scarcity  of  wood,  pasture  for  our  stock,  and  un- 
able to  extend  our  cultivation  and  raising  of  stock  in  this 
Town  of  Alburquerque  on  account  of  the  many  foot-paths 
encroaching  upon  us,  and  not  permitted  to  reap  the  ben- 
efits of  what  we  raise,  and,  in  a  measure,  not  even  our 
crops  on  account  of  a  scarcity  of  water,  and  with  most  of 
us  our  lands  are  of  little  extent  and  much  confined,  etc." 

•  ••••••• 

The  original  settlers  were :  Juan  Barela,  Jose  Salas,  Juan 
Ballejos,  Manuel  Carillo,  Juan  Montaiio,  Domingo  Sedillo, 
Matias  Romero,  Bernardo  Ballejo,  Gregorio  Jaramillo, 
Francisco  Sanches,  Pedro  Romero,  Felipe  Barela,  Lugardo 
Ballejos,  Agustin  Gallegos,  Alonzo  Perea,  Tomas  Samorra, 
Nicolas  Garcia,  Ignacio  Baca,  Salvador  Manuel,  Francisco 
Silva,  Francisco  Rivera,  Juan  Antonio  Zamora,  Miguel 
Lucero,  Joachim  Sedillo,  Simon  Samorra,  Xptobal  Galle- 
hos,  Juan  Ballejos,  grandc,  Jacinto  Barela,  and  Diego 
Gonzales. 

This  petition  was  presented  to  Juan  Gonzales  Bas,  chief 
alcalde  of  Alburquerque  and  by  him  referred  to  the  gov- 
ernor and  captain-general,  Don  Caspar  Domingo  de  Men- 


286   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

doza,  who  made  the  grant,  and  possession  was  given  on 
July  30,  1739,  by  Don  Juan  Gonzales  Bas,  the  boundaries 
being:  on  the  west  the  Rio  del  Norte;  on  the  south  the 
place  commonly  called  "Los  Tres  Alamos";  on  the  east 
the  main  ridge  of  the  Sandia  Mountains,  and  on  the  north 
the  point  of  the  Cienega  at  the  liill  called  Thome  Domin- 
guez. 

957  FRANCISCO  RENDON  to  Cayetano  Tenorio.   Santa 
Fe.    1739. 

House  and  land.    Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 

958  MANUEL    VELASQUEZ    to    Bernardino    Truxillo. 
Santa  Fe.    1739. 

Land  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rio  de  Santa  Fe.  Antonio 
Montoya,  Alcalde. 

959  ANTONIO  DOMINGUEZ  to  Antonio  Tafoya.    Santa 
Fe.    1739. 

Land  in  Santa  Fe.    Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 

960  DIEGO  GAYTAN  to  Bernardino  Truxillo.  Santa  Fe. 
1739. 

House  and  land  in  Santa  Fe.    Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 

961  PHELIPE  TAFOYA. 

Grant.  Santa  Fe.  1742.  Land  near  Santa  Fe  known  as 
the  Rancho  de  Velasquez.  Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza, 
Governor.  Possession  given  by  Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  Al- 
calde. 

962  TOMAS  de  TAPIA.    Grant.    Santa  Fe.    1742. 

The  land  designated  in  the  grant  made  to  Phelipe  Ta- 
foya. No.  961,  q.  V.  Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza,  Gov- 
ernor. 

963  JOSEPH  DE  RIAnO  TAGLE. 

Will.  Santa  Fe.  1743.  Also  inventory  of  his  estate. 
Testimonio  certified  by  Antonio  de  Hulibarri,  Alcalde. 

964  JOSEPH  DE  RIA5J0  TAGLE. 

Will  and  inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.  Santa  Fe. 
1743.    No.  963. 

Joseph  Antonio  de  la  Fuente.    Santa  Fe.    1743.    Peti- 
tion for  the  settlement  of  the  estate  of  Ana  Maria  Baca, 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    287 

widow  of  Joseph  Griego,  she  having  died  intestate.  Gaspar 
Domingo  de  Mendoza,  Governor. 

Don  Jose  de  Riaiio  y  Tagle  was  a  native  of  the  kingdom 
of  Castile,  archbishopric  of  Burgos,  mountains  of  San- 
tander,  in  the  Villa  de  Santillana.  He  was  the  son  of  Don 
Jacinto  Riaiio  and  Dona  Teresa  de  Tagle  Bustamante.  His 
wife  was  Dona  Maria  Roybal,  daughter  of  Don  Ignacio 
Roybal  and  Doiia  Francisca  Gomez  Robledo.  Of  this  mar- 
riage there  was  one  son,  Jose  Riaiio.  His  place  of  resi- 
dence was  at  "El  Alamo,"  in  Santa  Fe  county.  He  also 
had  a  fine  residence  in  the  City  of  Santa  Fe,  on  lower  San 
Francisco  street,  which  had  a  garden,  orchard,  and  ex- 
tended from  the  street  to  the  river.  Both  of  these  places 
he  purchased  from  Dona  Maria  Fernandez  de  la  Pedrera. 
Riaiio  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Captain  Juan  Jose  Lo- 
bato.  The  Juez  Eclesiastico  and  vicario  Don  Santiago 
Roybal  was  his  brother-in-law,  as  was  also  Don  Juan  Jose 
Moreno. 

This  will,  owing  to  the  sudden  illness  of  the  testator 
and  the  impossibility  of  obtaining  other,  is  written  upon 
a  small  piece  of  paper.  He  was  a  very  wealthy  man  for 
the  period;  he  was  a  slave  owner  (negroes)  and  owned  a 
land  grant  at  the  Piedra  Lumbre.  Lugarda  Lujan  was 
his  god-daughter.  The  will  provides  that  six  thousand 
pesos  be  set  aside  as  patrimony  for  his  son,  Jose,  who  was 
dedicated  to  the  priesthood.  Don  Jose  Miguel  de  la 
Peiia's  signature  appears  in  the  inventory. 

At  this  period  oxen  were  worth  $25.00,  bulls  $16.00, 
steers  $20.00,  calves  $6.00,  cows  $16,  mares  $15.00 ;  a  gun 
was  worth  $40.00  and  a  pair  of  silk  stockings,  gold  em- 
broidered were  worth  $8.00 ;  a  saddle,  silver  mounted,  was 
valued  at  $120.00,  and  a  sword  with  silver  hook  and 
handle,  $50.00 ;  a  pair  of  spurs  with  straps  were  valued 
at  $30.00.  Sheep  sold  for  $2.00,  wethers  or  ewes.  The 
place  called  San  Jose  del  Alamo,  his  country  residence, 
was  two  stories  in  height,  with  corridors,  and  contained 
thirteen  rooms. 

965  JOSEPH  MARIANO  de  los  DOLORES  ITURRIETA 
and  OTHERS. 

Petition.     Lands  at  Xemes.   1744.    Of  no  effect.    Joachin 
Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor. 

966  JOSE  TERRUS. 

Will.     1745.     Santa  Fe.     Antonio  de  Hulibarri,  Alcalde 


288   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

967  CRISTOBAL  TAFOYA  and  OTHERS. 

Partition  of  lands.  1745.  Reported  Claim  No.  109,  q.  v. 
Francisca  Antonia  Crijosa  Grant. 

Gijosa  Grant;  Reported  No.  109,  has  an  area  of  about 
1557  acres,  a  part  of  which  conflicts  with  the  grant  to  the 
pueblo  of  Taos.  The  grant  was  confirmed  by  the  court 
of  private  land  claims  and  under  the  decree  and  survey 
it  was  found  that  the  grant  had  more  than  16,000  acres. 
The  conflict  under  the  new  survey  with  the  Taos  Pueblo 
Grant  was  entirely  eliminated.  It  was  patented  October 
26,  1908. 

968  LUGARDA  QUINTANA. 

Will.  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.  1749.  Ilario  Ar- 
chuleta, Alcalde. 

969  JUAN  TOMAS  LOBATO  to  Pedro  Antonio  Truxillo. 

1750.    Santa  Fe. 

Land  at  Buena  Vista.  Joseph  de  Bustamante  (y  Tagle), 
Alcalde. 

970  HEIRS  OF  MANUEL  TRUXILLO  and  Maria  de  la 
Candelaria  Gonzales,  his  wife.     Santa  Fe.    1751. 

Partition  of  estate.  Names  of  the  heirs:  Maria  Fran- 
cisca Trujillo,  Antonio  Marcela  Truxillo.  Manuel  Gal- 
legos,  Alcalde. 

971  PEDRO  TRUXILLO  and  Bartolome  Martin  to  Cristo- 
bal Truxillo.    1751. 

Lands  on  the  Rio  Pojoaque.  Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Al- 
calde. 

972  BLAS  TRUXILLO  to  Maria  Rosa  de  Mestas.    1751. 

Lands  on  the  Rio  de  Jojoaque.  Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Al- 
calde. 

973  JUAN  TRUXILLLO  in  the  name  of  Pedro,  Francisca, 
Josepha  Truxillo,  minor  heirs,  and  for  himself  to  An- 
tonio Truxillo.    Pojoaque.    1751. 

Lands  on  the  Rio  de  Pojoaque.  Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Al- 
calde. 

974  FRANCISCO  ANAYA  ALMAZAN  to  Teresa  Tenorio. 

House  and  land  in  Santa  Fe,  1751.  Manuel  Gallegos,  Al- 
calde. 


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THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   289 

975  LAS  TRAMPAS  GRANT. 

Settlement  of  1751;  Reported  Claim  No.  27. 

Grant  and  Roj^al  Possession,  and  Donation  of  Sebas- 
tian Martin,  in  favor  of  the  resident  settlers,  included 
here  in  at  the  new  settlement  of  the  place  called  "Santo 
Tomas  del  Rio  de  Las  Trampas." 

At  the  Town  of  Nuestra  Senora  de  la  Soledad  del  Rio 
Arriba,  on  the  first  of  July,  in  the  year  one  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  fifty-one,  before  me,  Captain  Juan 
Jose  Lovato,  chief  justice  and  war-captain  of  all  this  juris- 
diction, appeared  Captain  Sebastian  Martin,  resident  of 
said  town,  and  declared:  That,  whereas,  he  has  reliable 
information  that  Don  Thomas  Velez  Cachupin,  governor 
and  captain-general  of  this  kingdom,  intends,  as  good  gov- 
ernments should  do,  to  settle  the  place  called  Santo  Tomas 
Apostol  del  Rio  de  Las  Trampas,  with  twelve  families, 
consisting  of  the  following  named  citizens;  Juan  de  Ar- 
guello,  Melchor  Rodriguez,  Antonio  Dominguez,  Pedro 
Felipe  Rodriguez,  Eusebio  de  Leyba,  Luis  de  Leyba,  Juan 
Jose  de  Arguello,  Juan  Garcia,  Salvador  Baca,  Ygnacio 
Vargas,  Vicente  Lucero,  and  Jose  de  Aragon,  and  consid- 
ering that  said  settlement  will  redound  to  the  service  of 
His  Majesty  (wiiom  may  God  preserve)  and  to  the  pub- 
lic weal,  he  grants,  donates,  and  conveys,  according  to 
law,  to  the  above  mentioned  citizens,  a  piece  of  land  from 
his  possession,  which  adjoins  said  settlement,  in  order 
that  it  may  have  sufficient  land  for  cultivation  on  both 
sides  of  the  Trampas  river;  that  from  the  Pefiasco  del 
Cafioncito  to  the  main  road;  said  piece  of  land,  on  being 
measured,  contains  one  thousand  six  hundred  and  forty 
varas,  and  in  proportion  the  proper  amount  of  land  in  a 
direct  line  from  south  to  north,  to  have,  use  and  culti- 
vate it  for  themselves,  their  children,  heirs  and  successors, 
and  barter,  sell  and  dispose  of  the  same,  for  which  pur- 
pose he  assigns  and  transfers  to  the  aforesaid  citizens  all 
the  royal  and  personal  title  he  had  to  said  lands,  granting 
the  same  to  them  free  of  all  tax,  tribute,  mortgage,  or 
other  encumbrance,  for  which  neither  himself,  his  chil- 
dren, heirs,  or  successors  will  enter  suit,  dispute,  or  com- 
plaint against  them,  and  if  he  should  do  so  he  requests  not 
to  be  heard  in  court  or  out  of  court,  as  said  land  is  do- 
nated freely  and  voluntarily,  for  the  just  ends  above  ex- 
pressed, and  for  which  he  resigns  his  own  rights,  resi- 
dence and  vicinity,  under  the  law  cit  combenerit,  and  the 


290   THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

general  law  in  reference  to  the  matter,  acknowledging  this 
deed  to  be  good,  and  (valid)  any  want  of  form  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding,  and  for  its  greater  force  and 
validity,  he  requested  me,  the  aforesaid  senior  justice,  to 
interpose  my  judicial  decree,  which  I  certify  to  have  in- 
terposed, acting  as  appointed  judge,  with  two  attending 
witnesses,  in  the  absence  of  public  or  royal  notaries,  with- 
in the  limits  provided  by  law ;  said  conveyor  did  not  sign 
this  document,  as  he  has  an  impediment  in  his  sight,  and 
it  is  executed  at  the  aforesaid  town  on  the  day  and  date 
above  mentioned,  to  all  of  which  I  certify. 

Este — duplicate — valid.  Juan  Jose  Lobato 

Acting  Judge — attending : 

Juan  Domingo  Lovato 

In  the  City  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  the 
month  of  July,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  fifty- 
one,  I,  Don  Thomas  Velez  Cachupin,  governor  of  this 
kingdom  of  New  Mexico  and  castellan  of  its  royal  gar- 
rison, stated:  That  whereas,  in  the  general  visit  made 
by  me,  in  conformity  with  royal  orders  throughout  the 
entire  extent  of  this  kingdom,  as  will  appear  by  reference 
to  several  decrees,  it  appears  that  the  inhabitants  of  this 
said  city  have  increased  to  a  great  extent,  many  of  whom 
are  yet  of  a  youthful  age,  consequently  there  is  not  land 
or  water  sufficient  for  their  support,  neither  have  they 
any  other  occupation,  trades,  or  means  of  traffic,  excepting 
agriculture  and  the  raising  of  stock;  and  whereas,  in  the 
King's  domains  which  are  unoccupied,  there  are  lands 
which  up  to  this  time  are  uncultivated,  and  which  will 
yield  comforts  to  those  who  cultivate  them,  and  where 
such  persons  as  shall  be  named  in  this  town,  who  have  no 
occupation  or  employment,  can  settle  upon  and  cultivate 
such  lands  as  shall  be  assigned  to  them,  from  which  the 
further  benefit  will  result  that  the  hostile  Indians  will 
not  travel  over  them,  and  will  serve  as  a  barrier  against 
their  entrance  to  despoil  the  interior  settlements.  In 
view  of  all  which,  and  whereas  one  of  the  said  sites  is 
called  Santo  Thomas  Apostol  del  Rio  de  las  Trampas, 
situate  in  the  vicinity  of  the  settlement  of  Santa  Barbara, 
therefore,  I  hereby  assign  and  distribute  said  site  in  the 
manner  and  to  the  persons  following : 

To  Juan  de  Arguello,  one  hundred  and  eighty  varas  of 
wheat-growing  land,  with  corresponding  water,  pastures, 
and  watering  places,  entrances  and  exits,  without  injury 
to  third  parties. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    291 

To  Melchor  Rodriguez,  the  same  hundred  and  eighty 
varas  as  the  foregoing. 

To  Antonio  Dominguez,  the  same  amount  and  number 
of  varas  as  the  preceding  one. 

To  Pedro  Felipe  Rodriguez,  the  same,  one  hundred  and 
eighty  varas,  without  variation. 

To  Eusebio  de  Leyva  is  assigned  the  same  amount  of 
land,  under  the  same  conditions. 

Luis  de  Leyva  is  placed  on  an  equality  with  the  others 
in  lands  and  measurements. 

To  Juan  Jose  de  Arguello  is  assigned  the  same  quantity 
with  the  conditions  above  prescribed. 

To  Juan  Garcia  is  assigned  the  same  amount  of  one 
hundred  and  eighty  varas. 

To  Salvador  Vaca  a  like  grant  of  land  is  made,  with 
the  measurements  and  conditions  above-mentioned. 

To  Ygnacio  Vargas,  in  the  same  manner,  are  assigned 
one  hundred  and  eighty  varas  of  land. 

To  Vicente  Lucero  will  be  given  the  same  amount,  in 
comformity  with  the  above. 

To  Joseph  de  Arragon,  who  is  the  last  of  the  twelve 
heads  of  families,  the  same  amount  of  land,  in  conformity 
with  the  conditions  imposed  on  the  balance,  above  de- 
scribed. 

To  whom,  for  the  reasons  above  stated,  I  grant,  in  the 
name  of  his  Majesty,  (whom  may  God  preserve)  two 
thousand  one  hundred  and  sixty  varas  of  arable  land,  all 
of  which  are  wheat-growing  and  under  irrigation,  in  the 
caiion  and  streams  of  the  Trampas  river,  which  runs  from 
east  to  west,  for  themselves,  their  children,  successors,  and 
other  legal — (torn);  to  have,  cultivate,  and  reap  the 
benefit  of  its  fruits,  crops,  and  other  profits,  without  in- 
jury to  third  parties;  and  considering  that  this  quantity 
of  wheat-growing  land  will  not  be  sufficient,  on  account 
of  the  increase  of  their  families,  and  as  in  the  caiion  or 
place  where  they  are  to  settle,  from  east  to  west,  there 
are  no  other  lands  under  irrigation  that  they  can  use, 
and  whereas  there  are  two  caiions,  called  De  los  Alamos 
and  Ojo  Sarco,  south  of  the  Trampas  river,  which,  al- 
though not  susceptible  of  irrigation,  are  most  fertile  and 
of  good  quality,  I  also  grant  them  to  the  above-mentioned 
persons,  to  be  equally  divided  between  them,  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  two  thousand  one  hundred  and  sixty  varas, 
assigning  them  as  boundaries  a  narrow  made  by  the  river, 
where  it  joins  the  mountain,  on  the  east;  on  the  west  the 


292   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

narrows  (Angostura)  of  the  river,  to  where  the  grant 
made  to  Sebastian  Martin  terminates,  and  drawing  a 
straight  line  from  the  Angostura  towards  the  south  to  the 
summit  of  the  Caiiada  del  Ojo  Sareo;  on  the  north,  the 
boundary  of  the  puehlo  of  Picuries ;  and  on  condition  that 
they  shall  not  sell,  transfer  or  convey,  or  in  other  manner 
dispose  of  all  or  a  portion  of  said  lands,  until  the  expira- 
tion of  the  four  years  provided  by  law,  and  not  even  then 
to  ecclesiastics,  convents,  colleges,  or  other  communities. 
And  Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  the  chief  justice  of  the  town 
of  Caiiada,  will  give  the  royal  and  personal  possession  to 
all  in  common,  and  to  each  one  in  particular,  of  their  re- 
spective tracts;  and  for  that  purpose  and  the  other  pur- 
poses herein  mentioned,  and  concerning  the  authentic 
documents  thereunto  appertaining,  he  is  hereby  commis- 
sioned as  the  law  requires,  and  after  having  executed  all 
the  necessarj^  acts  and  decrees  in  the  premises,  he  will 
return  them  complete  to  this  government. 

Further,  in  regard  to  Sebastian  Martin  having  [torn] 
made  a  donation  of  a  piece  of  land,  with  what  has  been 
before  stated,  I  approve  said  (donation),  and  interpose 
my  authority  and  judicial  (decree)  including  them  in  the 
two  thousand  one  hundred  and  sixty  varas,  with  which 
they  will  have  sufficient.  All  of  which  I,  the  said  gover- 
nor, have  determined,  after  mature  deliberation,  desiring 
the  service  of  the  king  and  the  public  good.  And  I  so 
ordered  and  signed,  acting  with  two  attending  witnesses, 
in  the  absence  of  a  public  or  royal  notary,  there  being 
none  in  this  kingdom.     To  all  of  which  I  certify. 

Thomas  Velez  Cachupin 

Thomas  de  Alvear  Y  Collado 

Thoribio  Ortiz 

At  this  place  of  Santo  Thomas  Apostol  del  rio  de  las 
Trampas,  I,  Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  chief  justice  and  war- 
captain  of  the  new  city  of  Santa  Cruz  and  its  districts,  by 
virtue  of  the  commission  conferred  upon  me  by  Don 
Thomas  Velez  Cachupin,  governor  and  captain-general  of 
this  kingdom  of  New  Mexico,  and  in  conformity  with  the 
directions  therein  contained,  I  placed  the  aforementioned 
citizens  in  royal  and  personal  possession,  according  to  the 
decree  of  his  excellency,  after  having  performed  all  the 
ceremonies  directed  by  the  royal  ordinances.  Joseph 
Zamora,  Manuel  Martin,  and  Juan  Fresque,  being  present 
and  acting  as  instrumental  witnesses,  having  been  sum- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    293 

moned  by  me  for  that  purpose,  the  distribution,  centre, 
and  boundaries  being  as  follows  [torn]  :  The  residences 
and  dwellings  of  the  twelve  families,  fifty-seven  and  one- 
half  varas,  were  set  aside  towards  (the  four  points  of  the 
compass)  leaving  for  drippings,  enclosures,  stables,  and 
other  objects  of  that  nature  [the  following  fifteen  lines  in 
the  original  are  so  much  torn  as  to  be  unintelligible] 
sixty-one  varas  in  equal  parts  on  the  southern  side,  one 
hundred  and  eighty  varas  belong  to  Juan  de  Arguello; 
one  hundred  and  eighty  varas  to  Eusebio  de  Leyba;  to 
Vicente  Lucero  another  hundred  and  eighty  varas  of  land ; 
to  Juan  Garcia  a  like  one  hundred  and  eighty  varas  of 
land;  to  Jose  Aragon  another  hundred  and  eighty  varas 
of  land ;  Juan  Joseph  Arguello  also  received  one  hundred 
and  eighty  varas  of  land ;  to  Melchior  Rodriguez  the  same, 
one  hundred  and  eighty  varas  of  land;  to  Pedro  Phelipe 
Rodriguez  another  one  hundred  and  eighty  varas  of  land ; 
to  Salvador  Baca,  in  consequence  of  the  arable  land  hav- 
ing become  narrower  as  it  entered  the  caiion,  were  as- 
signed two  hundred  varas  of  land ;  and  considering  that  a 
gulch  in  the  centre  of  the  fields  prevents  [torn]  the  same 
amount  of  one  hundred  and  eighty  varas  which  is  [torn] 
received  in  possession,  establishing  the  boundaries  in  di- 
rect lines,  [the  remaining  portion  of  the  original  docu- 
ment, with  the  exception  of  the  last  four  lines,  is  torn  in 
half  and  illegible],  in  the  absence  of  a  royal  or  public 
notary,  and  it  is  done  at  the  aforesaid  place  of  Santa 
Thomas  Apostol,  on  the  twentieth  day  of  the  month  of 
July,  in  the  year  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  fifty- 
one,  to  all  of  which  I  certify. 

Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Acting  Judge. 

Francisco  Zisneros 

Antonio  Joseph  Lovato 

976  BARTOLOIVIE  TRUJILLO. 

Grant,  1752.  Rancho  de  San  Joseph  de  Garcia.  At  San- 
ta Rosa  de  Abiquiii.  This  is  the  second  time  that  tliis 
land  was  granted  to  this  grantee,  the  first  having  been 
made  in  1734  by  Juan  Paez  Hurtado.  Tomas  Veles  Cachu- 
pin.  Governor. 

977  FRANCISCA  CADENA  to  Jose  Torres.     Santa  Fe. 
1753. 

House  and  land.     Nicolas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 


294   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

978  MARIA  LUISA  CADENA  to  Jose  Torres.    Santa  Fe. 
1753. 

Land.     Nicolas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

979  ANTONIO  de  ARMIJO  to  Josepha  Thenorio.    Santa 
Fe.    1755. 

House  and  land.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

980  ISIDRO  MARTIN  to  Getrudis  Trugillo.     Santa  Fe. 

1757. 

House  and  land.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.     Phelipe 
Sandoval  Fernandez. 

981  SANTIAGO  de  ROIBAL,  vieario,  etc.,  to  Phelipe  Ta- 

foya.    Santa  Fe.    1758. 

Land  in  Puehlo  Quemado,  about  one  league  distant  from 
Santa  Fe.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

982  MANUEL  de  SENA  to  Miguel  Tafoya.     Santa  Fe. 
1758. 

House  and  land.    Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

983  ANTONIO  DURAN  de  ARMIJO,  el  Chico,  to  Fran- 
cisco Trugillo.    Santa  Fe.    1759. 

House  and  land  on  San  Francisco  street. 

984  LUIS  FRANCISCO  de  LEYBA  to  Juan  de  Tafoya. 

Santa  Fe.    1759. 

House  and  land  in  Santa  Fe.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Al- 
calde. 

985  JACINTO  PEREA  to  Juan  Tafoya.    Santa  Fe.  1761. 

Land  at  the  place  called  El  Pino.     Manuel  Gallegos,  Al- 
calde. 

986  TOMAS  ROIBAL  to  Juan  Tafoya.    Santa  Fe.    1762. 

House  and  land.     Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde. 

987  MARCIAL  TORRES  of  Taos  Valley.    1762. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.     Francisco  Marin 
del  Valle,  Governor. 

988  FRANCISCO  RAEL  de  AGUILAR  to  Martin  Torres. 
Santa  Fe.    1763. 

House  and  land.     Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    295 

989  PASCUALA  VASQUEZ  to  Cristobal  Tapia.     Santa 
Fe.    1764. 

Land.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

990  ANTONIO  GONZALES  of  Alameda. 

In  the  matter  of  the  settlement  of  his  estate.  Nicolasa 
Gonzales  by  her  attorney,  Antonio  Casimiro  Trujillo  vs. 
Josepha  Barela,  her  mother-in-law.  Tomas  Velez  Cach- 
upin,  Governor. 

991  MARIA  BACA  and  Domingo  cle  Luna,  lier  husband, 

by  their  attorney,  Miguel  Thenorio  de  Alva,  to  Miguel 

Tafoya.    Santa  Fe.    1767. 

A  tract  of  land  in  the  Canada  called  Guicu,  acquired  by 
said  Maria  Baca  by  inheritance  from  her  father,  Nicolas 
Baca.  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta,  Governor.  Fran- 
cisco Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

992  NICOLAS    MORAN    to    Miguel    Thenorio    de    Alva. 
Santa  Fe,  1767. 

Land  in  Buena  Vista.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 

993  JUAN  MARTIN  to  Manuel  Teyes  (Telles).  Pojoaque. 

1769. 

Tract  of  land  on  the  Rio  del  Norte.  Antonio  Joseph  Or- 
tiz, Alcalde. 

994  MARIA  FRANCISCA  TRUXILLO.     San  Geronimo 
de  Taos.    1770. 

Will.     Antonio  Harmijo  (Armijo),  Alcalde. 

995  PHELIPE  TAFOYA. 

Will.  Santa  Fe,  1771.  Pedro  Fermin  de  IMendinueta, 
Governor. 

996  ANTONIO  ELIAS  MARTIN  to  Manuel  Trujillo.  San- 
ta Fe.    1772. 

Land.     Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde. 

997  CAYETANO  TORRES.    Intestate.    Sabinal.    1780. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  his  estate.  Juan  Francisco 
Baca,  Alcalde. 

998  ANTONIO  TAFOYA. 

Jose  ]\laldonado,  Teniente. 


296   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

999  CARLOS  FERNANDEZ  to  Vincente  Troncoso.  Santa 
Fe.    1786. 

House  in  said  city.     Antonio  Jose  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

1000  JOSEPH  MANUEL  TRUJILLO.    Will  San  Joseph 

de  Chania.    1770-1785. 

Proceedings  in  the  administration  of  his  estate,  etc.  Juan 
Bautista  de  Anza,  Governor. 

The  town  of  Chamita  had  a  grant.  Reported  No.  36. 
File  No.  64,  which  lies  west  of  the  Rio  del  Norte  and  al- 
most entirely  within  the  boundaries  of  the  grant  to  the 
pueblo  of  San  Juan.  It  was  confirmed  June  21,  1860,  but 
has  not  been  patented. 

1001  BARBARA  TRUXILLO,  of  the  Vallecito  de  Xemes, 
vs.  Bautista  Gonzales.    1794. 

In  the  matter  of  lands  sold  to  defendant  by  her  father- 
in-law,  Paulin  Montoya,  etc.  Papers  incomplete,  Miguel 
Canelas,  Comandante  Accidental  y  Capitan  Graduado  de 
este  Real  Presidio. 

1002  JOSEPH  and  MARIANO  TRUXILLO  of  SaUnal  and 
Abiquiu,  vs.  Adauto  Isidro  Fresquis.     1801. 

In  the  matter  of  title  to  a  certain  rancho.  Manuel  Garcia 
de  la  Mora,  Alcalde. 

1003  MANUEL  THENORIO  de  ALVA  vs.  Heirs  of  Juan 
Domingo  Romero.    Santa  Fe.    1810. 

In  the  matter  of  a  piece  of  land  in  the  Cienega.  Man- 
rique,  Governor.    Bartolome  Fernandez. 

1004  HEIRS  OF  CHRISTOBAL  TORRES  vs.  Ignacio, 
Juan  Lorenzo  and  Rosalia  Valdez.    No  date. 

Protest  against  grant  of  land  at  Chama.     No  action. 

1005  FRANCISCO  TRUXILLO,  Bartolome  Marquez,  and 
Diego  Padilla. 

Petition  for  lands  on  the  Pecos.     No  action.     1813. 

This  is  the  Los  Trigos  Land  Grant.  The  original  pe- 
tition was  addressed  to  the  governor  of  New  Mexico,  ]\Iay 
26,  1814,  Don  Jose  Manrique.  The  petitioners  asked  for 
a  tract  of  uncultivated  land  situate  in  the  place  called  Los 
Trigos,  as  far  as  El  Gusano,  independent  of  the  league 
of  the  Indians  of  the  puehlo  of  Pecos.     The  matter  was 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    297 

referred  to  the  corporation  of  Santa  Fe,  at  that  time  com- 
posed of  the  following: 

Matias  Ortiz,  Antonio  Ortiz,  IManuel  Gallegos,  Juan  de 
Dios  Sena,  Ignacio  Ortiz,  Manuel  Delgado,  Juan  Esteban 
Pino,  Francisco  Ortiz,  Felipe  Sandoval,  Francisco  Ortiz, 
Jr.,  and  Francisco  Montoya,  Cristobal  Ma.  was  secretary. 

The  "Ojito  de  las  Ruedas"  and  "  El  Gusano"  are 
prominent  places  mentioned  in  the  papers  on  file;  these 
were  both  the  sites  of  old  pueblos,  the  ruins  of  which  may 
still  be  seen,  consisting  today  of  covered  mounds  of  earth ; 
they  were  undoubtedly  occupied  in  the  time  of  the  first 
Spanish  explorers,  as  these  names  have  come  down  from 
the  seventeenth  century.  There  is  also  an  "Arroyo  de 
Las  Ruedas"  which  empties  into  the  Rio  Pecos, 

Don  Domingo  Fernandez  is  authority  for  the  statement 
that  in  1822  the  place  was  abandoned  because  of  the  hos- 
tilities of  the  Apaches  who  killed  a  prominent  Mexican, 
named  Vincente  Villanueva,  near  Las  Ruedas. 

The  first  man  to  cultivate  lands  at  Los  Trigos  was  Don 
Mariano  Casados. 

1006  FRANCISCO  TRUJILLO. 

Manrique,  Governor.  Manuel  Garcia  de  la  Mora,  Alcalde. 
Marcos  Delgado,  Secretary  of  the  Ayuntamiento  of  Abi- 
quiu.    This  paper  is  not  complete. 

1007  FRANCISCO  TRUJILLO.    Part  of  1006. 

No  final  action. 

1008  IGNACIO  TAFOYA  and  others.    1819. 

Grant.     Reported  Claim  No.  96.     Canon  de  Carnuel. 

1009  TOWN  OF  TECOLOTE. 

Grant,  1824.     Reported  Claim  No.  7. 

The  citizen,  Salvador  IMontoya,  made  petition  for  this 
grant  saying  that  he  had  no  lands  wherein  to  "scatter  a 
few  grains  of  corn  and  other  seed  for  my  support  and 
that  of  the  large  family  which  I  have."  This  petition 
was  filed  with  the  constiturional  justice  at  San  iNIiguel 
del  Bado,  Don  Diego  Padilla,  October  8,  1824.  The  al- 
calde thought  the  petition  "rigorously  .just"  and  sent  the 
same  to  the  Territorial  Deputation,  that  body  at  the  time 
being  composed  of  the  following:  Bartolome  Baca,  presi- 
dent; and  the  Seiiores  Antonio  Ortiz.  Pedro  Jose  Perea, 
Pedro  Bautista  Pino,   Matias   Ortiz  and  Juan  Bautista 


298   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Vigil,  secretary.  The  Deputation  approved  the  petition 
and  the  same  was  also  approved  by  the  political  chief, 
Don  Bartolome  Baca,  it  was  approved  by  the  surveyor- 
general  of  New  Mexico,  December  31,  1856.  Don  Tomas 
Sena,  the  constitutional  justice  of  El  Bado  (San  Miguel) 
placed  the  petitioners  in  possession  of  the  property  on 
the  23d  day  of  April,  1825.  This  was  a  noted  stopping 
place  on  the  Old  Trail  from  the  Missouri  river  to  Santa 
Fe. 

1010  MANUEL   TRUXILLO.     San  Miguel   del  Socorro. 

1827. 

Complaint  against  Santiago  Torres,  Alcalde,  for  ejectment 
from  lands  granted  to  him  in  said  place.  Antonio  Nar- 
bona.  Governor.     No  final  action  taken, 

1011  JOSE  TAFOYA  vs.  Jose  Perea.    Alameda.    1827. 

Letter  of  Mariano  Sanchez  Vergara,  Alcalde  of  Alameda, 
in  relation  to  a  suit  between  the  said  parties.  No  final  ac- 
tion. 

1012  GETRUDIS  TAFOYA  vs.  Heirs  of  Santiago  Garcia. 

Alameda.    1827. 

In  the  matter  of  title  to  lands  inherited  from  her  m.aternal 
grandmother,  Prudencia  Gonzales.  Manuel  Armijo,  Gov- 
ernor.    Cleto  Miera  y  Pacheco,  Alcalde. 

1013  JOSE  MANUEL  TRUXILLO  and  77  others. 

Report  of  Cormnittee  of  the  Territorial  Assembly  on  their 
Petition  for  lands  at  the  Manzano.     1829. 

1014  DOLORES  JALOMO,  Ignacio  Niiio  Ladron  de  Gue- 

bara,  Marcelino  Abreu. 

Registration  of  a  mine.  1833.  Antonio  Narbona,  Gov- 
ernor. 

1015  FRANCISCO  BACA  Y  TERRUS. 

Grant.     1839.     Reported  Claim  No.  57. 

1016  FRANCISCO  BACA  Y  TERRUS. 

Grant.     1840.     Reported  Claim  No.  57. 

1017  JUAN  DE  URIBARRI.    Grant.    1709. 

Land  in  the  jurisdiction  of  Alhurquerque.  Possession 
not  given.     El  Marques  de  la  Penuela. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO    299 

1018  JUAN  DE  URIBARRI.    1709. 

Registration  of  a  mine.    El  Marques  de  la  Peiiuela. 

1019  JUAN  DE  URIBARRI.    1710. 

Registration  of  a  mine.    El  Marques  de  la  Penuela. 

1020  JUAN  DE  URIBARRI,  Matias  Madrid,  Sebastian  Du- 
ran,  Bartolome  Lobato,  Joseph  Madrid,  Simon  de 
Cordoba. 

Petition  for  a  tract  of  land  near  Chama.  1710.  Granted 
but  no  possession  given.    El  Marques  de  la  Penuela. 

Roque  IMadrid  and  others.  Petition.  1712.  Asking 
that  they  be  permitted  to  leave  the  Villa  Nveva  de  Santa 
Cruz  and  take  possession  of  the  old  Villa  de  Yunque-Yun- 
que  on  the  Rio  del  Norte  near  Chama.  Refused  on  the 
ground  that  it  would  leave  Santa  Cruz  without  sufficient 
defense. 

El  Marques  de  la  Peiiuela.  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Ten- 
iente  General. 

Bartolome  Lovato  and  others.  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa 
Cruz.  Petition  asking  that  they  be  declared  the  founders 
of  the  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.  1712.  Reply  by 
Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Teniente  General. 

BARTOLOME  LOVATO  and  Others. 

Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.  No  date.  Protest  to  the 
Captain-General  against  his  giving  the  land  they  had  asked 
for  to  Bartolome  Sanchez.     No  action  taken. 

Andres  Gonzales,  Sebastian  Duran,  Diego  IMarquez, 
Bias  Lobato,  Simon  de  Cordoba.  Captain  Bartolome  Lo- 
bato, Jose  Madrid,  Tomas  de  Bejarana,  Cristobal  de  Cas- 
tran,  Matias  Madrid,  and  Ysabel  de  la  Sema,  who  were 
residents  of  the  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  asked  the  gov- 
ernor and  captain-general,  the  Marques  de  la  Peiiuela, 
for  a  tract  of  land  '^called  in  ancient  times  the  Town  of 
Yunque" ;  the  petition  was  referred  to  Don  Juan  Paez 
Hurtado.  So  that  those  interested  may  know,  this  archive 
recites  as  follows : 

'To  the  ancient  place  established  hy  the  first  founders 
who  came  with  Dn  Juan  de  Onate,  known  as  San  Gabriel 
and  by  other  name  the  Town  of  Yunque." 

These  petitioners  had  been  residents  of  the  Villa  Nueva 
de  Santa  Cruz  "since  the  year  1694."  General  Hurtado 
declared  that  if  these  left  Santa  Cruz  would  practically 
be  abandoned  and  on  March  30,  1712,  reported  adversely; 


300   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

the  report  was  approved  by  the  governor  and  captain-gen- 
eral. 

This  archive  also  recites  that  the  pueblo  of  Chama  was 
on  the  west  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande  and  on  the  north 
side  of  the  Rio  Chama,  The  petition  is  dated  February 
22,  1710. 

Reference  is  also  made  to  the  reestablishment  of  the 
new  pueblo  of  Isleta.  Captain  Bartolome  Lobato  came 
from  Zacatecas.  General  Hurtado  says  that  Cristobal 
Rodarte  and  Cristobal  Castro,  Matias  JNIadrid  and  Juan 
Madrid  were  soldiers  at  El  Paso  in  1695  and  that  Diego 
Marquez  and  Simon  Cordoba  were  at  that  place  also, 
serving  their  fathers. 

On  page  5  the  settlement  of  San  Gabriel,  made  by  Don 
Juan  de  Onate  in  1598,  is  referred  to  also  as  La  Villa  de 
Yunque. 

1021  ANTONIO  DE  URIBARRI  vs.  Xptobal  Martin  and 
Antonia  de  Moraga. 

Title  to  a  piece  of  land  in  Chimayo.  Phelix  Martinez, 
Governor.     Xtobal  Torres,  Alcalde. 

1022  ANTONIO  de  URIBARRI.    Grant.    1735. 

Land  at  Pueblo  Colorado.  Made  by  Juan  Paez  Hurtado 
and  revoked  by  Governor  Cruzat  y  Gongora.  Miguel  Mar- 
tin Serrano,  Juan  Estevan  Garcia  de  Noriega. 

This  is  a  grant  to  Antonio  de  Ulibarri  for  a  small  piece 
of  land  at  a  place  called  Pueblo  Colorado,  somewhere  in 
the  district  under  the  control  of  the  chief  alcalde  of  Santa 
Cruz. 

The  only  thing  in  the  document  that  relates  to  Pueblo 
Indians  is  the  statement  made  by  Ulibarri  in  his  petition, 
where  he  says  that  in  the  year  1733  he  presented  a  peti- 
tion to  Governor  Cruzat  y  Gongora.  asking  for  a  tract  of 
land  adjoining  the  lands  of  the  pueblo  of  San  Felipe,  and 
the  governor  answered  his  petition  by  saying  that  he  could 
not  make  the  grant  because  it  would  be  to  the  prejudice 
of  the  Indians,  who  had  documents  showing  that  they  had 
paid  their  money  for  it. 

1023  PHELIPE  DE  APODACA  to  Juan  Cayetano  Vnuave. 
Santa  Fe.    1766. 

House  and  land.     Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  301 

1024  ANTONIO  URBAN  M0NTA5J0.    Los  Palacios. 

Will.     1772.     Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde. 

On  June  15,  1754,  Antonio  Urban  Montauo,  a  resident 
of  Santa  Fe,  registered  a  tract  of  land  which  at  one  time 
was  occupied  by  the  pueblo  of  San  Marcos.  In  the  peti- 
tion he  describes  an  arroyo  in  that  vicinity  known  as  "  Lo 
de  Basquez. "  One  boundary  call  is  the  "road  leading  to 
the  pueblo  of  Galisteo."  He  was  given  the  property  by 
Governor  Cachupin  "with  the  understanding  that  he  shall 
not  damage  with  his  herds  the  commons  and  the  pasture 
of  the  horses  of  this  royal  garrison,  nor  the  pasturage  for 
the  herds  kept  for  the  supply  and  support  of  the  soldiers 
of  the  garrison,  which  are  kept  and  pastured  at  those 
places." 

The  turquoise  mountain  of  Chalchuihuitl  is  mentioned 
in  the  act  of  possession.  Another  boundary  call  is  the 
Sabinos  Altos  de  Ckuacaco. 

1025  TOMAS  URIOSTE.    Santa  Fe.    1820. 

Will.     Jose  Antonio  Alarid,  Sargento. 

1026  JOSE  FRANCISCO  URIBARRI.     San  Miguel  del 

Bado.     1844.     For  himself  and  others. 

Petition  for  re-validation  of  a  tract  of  land  within  the 
boundaries  of  Las  Vegas  called  "La  (S'awgfMtjMeZa."  No  ac- 
tion taken. 

1027.  DIEGO  DE  VARGAS  ZAPATA  LUJAN  PONCE  de 

LEON,  Marques  de  la  Nava  de  Brazinas.    Santa  Fe. 

1704.     Will. 

IN  THE  NAME  OF  GOD  ALMIGHTY  —  Know  all 
who  may  see  this  my  last  will  and  testament  that  I,  Gen- 
eral Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon, 
Marques  de  la  Nava  Brazinas,  Governor  and  Captain-Gen- 
eral of  this  Kingdom  and  Provinces  of  New  Mexico,  by 
His  Majesty  appointed,  native  of  the  imperial  court  of 
Madrid  in  the  Kingdom  of  Castile,  being  sick  in  bed  with 
the  infirmity  which  God,  Our  Lord,  has  been  pleased  to 
place  upon  me,  believing  as  I  firmly  and  truly  do  in  the 
mystery  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Father,  Son  and  Holy  Ghost, 
three  distinct  persons  and  only  one  true  God,  receiving  as 
I  do  receive,  as  my  intercessor,  the  Holy  Virgin  Mary, 
mother  of  the  divine  and  eternal  Word,  I  confide  my  soul 
to  a  most  clear  career  of  salvation,  interceding  with  his 


302  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

worthy  Son  for  forgiveness  of  all  my  sins,  I  do  make  or- 
der and  dispose  and  declare  this  to  be  my  testament  in 
the  manner  and  form  following : — 

Firstly :  I  commend  my  soul  to  God  who  created  it  with 
the  price  of  His  precious  blood,  and  my  body  to  the  earth 
from  which  it  was  made. 

And  if  His  Divine  Majesty  shall  be  pleased  to  take  me 
away  from  the  present  life,  I  desire  and  it  is  my  will 
that  a  mass  be  said  while  the  corpse  is  present  in  the 
church  of  this  town  of  Bernalillo,  and  afterwards  the 
same  shall  be  taken  to  the  Villa  of  Santa  Fe  and  placed 
and  suspended  in  my  bed  selected  as  a  bier  and  in  the 
same  to  be  taken  to  the  church  of  the  said  town  of  Santa 
Fe  and  buried  in  said  church  at  the  principal  altar  under 
the  platform  where  the  priest  stands;  this  I  ask  as  a 
favor,  said  bier  to  be  covered  with  honest  woolen  cloth 
and  buried  according  to  military  rites  and  the  title  cere- 
monies and  privileges  of  Castile,  leading  two  horses  eovf- 
ered  with  the  same  cloth  as  the  bier. 

I  order  that  on  the  said  day  of  my  funeral  there  be 
distributed  among  the  poor  of  said  Town  fifty  measures 
of  corn  and  twelve  head  of  cattle. 

I  declare,  also,  that  since  the  eighth  day  of  June  of 
last  year.  One  thousand  seven  hundred  and  three,  when 
I  left  the  City  of  Mexico,  I  have  been  indebted  to  the 
Royal  Treasury  of  His  Majesty  for  the  salary  for  two 
years  which  was  advanced  to  me,  which  at  the  rate  of  two 
thousand  dollars  per  annum  will  amount  to  four  thousand 
dollars,  which  the  Most  Excellent  Duke  of  Alburquerque 
ordered  his  officers  and  judges  of  the  Court  of  Mexico  to 
deliver  to  me  upon  my  giving  a  life  security,  and  having 
given  the  same  wnth  the  Captains  Don  Joseph  de  Villa 
Urritia,  Knight  of  the  Order  of  Alcantara,  and  the  Major 
Don  Pedro  de  Tagle,  Knight  of  the  Order  of  Alcantara, 
and  also  with  Don  Joseph  Carrillo.  Chief  Officer  of  Fac- 
torage of  the  Royal  Exchequer  {Minister  of  Finance). 

I  leave  and  assign  for  the  payment  and  satisfaction  of 
the  most  of  the  account  of  which  I  may  be  indebted  to 
His  Majesty  from  the  day  that  God  Our  Lord  may  be 
pleased  to  take  me  away  said  salary,  and  that  the  afore- 
mentioned may  not  suffer  or  be  compelled  to  pay  any 
amount,  I  assign  as  a  special  pledge  two  young  negro 
coachmen,  of  known  age,  for  whom  I  paid  six  hundred 
and  sixty  dollars,  the  excise  tax  having  been  paid  by  me 
and  which  is  mentioned  in  the  receipts  in  my  possession, 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  303 

to  which  I  refer;  and  my  attorney  will  also  deliver  a 
white  mulatto  woman  named  Josefa  de  la  Cruz,  twenty- 
two  years  of  age,  the  wife  of  Ygnacio,  one  of  the  two 
coachmen,  who  was  the  slave  of  Don  Juan  Cristobal  de 
Palma  y  Mesa,  councilman  of  the  Royal  Audience  of 
Guadalajara,  the  contract  showing  her  value. 

In  the  same  manner  my  attorney  and  executor,  the  same 
being  my  Lieutenant-General,  Don  Juan  Paez  Hurtado, 
will  remit  or  sell  at  the  best  obtainable  prices  the  follow- 
ing silverware: 

1st:  Thirty  small  silver  dishes,  the  fifth  part  taken, 
and  twenty-four  sealed  with  my  coat-of-arms  and  weigh- 
ing more  than  two  marks. 

Two  large  dishes  which  weigh  twelve  marks  and 
ounces. 

Six  candle-sticks,  with  my  coat-of-arms,  and  two  pairs 
of  candle  snuffers,  which  weigh  forty-two  marks,  more 
or  less. 

Twelve  silver  porringers  which  weigh  twelve  ounces, 
sealed  with  my  coat-of-arms,  the  one-fifth  part  taken. 

One  salver  bowl,  gilded  with  a  siren,  weighing  sixteen 
and  seventeen  marks,  more  or  less.  , 

One  small  silver  keg,  with  stopper  and  chain,  the  one- 
fifth  part  taken,  weighing  six  marks. 

One  large  plain  tankard,  weighing  two  marks  and  six 
ounces. 

Six  silver  forks  and  their  silver  tea-spoons,  the  fifth 
part  taken  and  weighing  twelve  ounces. 

Three  silver  table  spoons,  weighing  about  two  ounces. 

One  large  silver  fountain,  engraved,  one-fifth  part  taken 
and  weighing  twenty-three  marks. 

Another  small  silver  fountain,  engraved  with  vine- 
leaves,  the  one  fifth  taken,  weighing  thirteen  marks. 

One  silver  deep  bowl,  for  sha\ang  purposes,  the  one- 
fifth  taken  and  weighing  twelve  marks. 

One  large  silver  waiter,  weighing  fourteen  ounces. 

One  silver  basin,  with  my  coat-of-arms,  the  one-fifth 
taken  and  weighing  nine  marks. 

One  pair  of  pearl  ear-rings,  with  eight  fine  emeralds, 
each  one  and  its  pendants  worth  five  hundred  dollars. 

One  finger  ring,  with  a  rose  diamond,  checkered  and 
enameled  in  black,  worth  four  hundred  dollars. 

Another  finger  ring  with  two  diamonds,  enameled  in 
black  and  gold,  worth  one  hundred  dollars. 


304  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Said  silverware  I  leave  to  my  testamentary  executor  to 
be  sold  to  the  person  or  persons  of  his  approval,  the  re- 
turns to  be  remitted  to  the  three  said  gentlemen,  my  said 
sureties,  in  said  court  and  City  of  Mexico,  and  in  the  same 
manner  he  shall  pay  the  balance  of  the  freight  upon 
three  boxes  of  gun-powder,  whatever  it  may  amount  to, 
together  with  the  cost  of  hides,  ropes  and  covers,  for  which 
said  amount  I  ask  him  to  secure  a  receipt  in  full  pay- 
ment. 

I  also  declare  as  my  sons,  although  not  by  legitimate 
wife,  Don  Juan  Manuel  de  Vargas,  of  the  age  of  twenty- 
four  years,  and  Don  Alonzo  de  Vargas,  of  the  age  of 
twenty-three  years,  and  their  sister  Dona  Maria  Theresa, 
who  is  with  her  mother  in  the  City  of  Mexico,  of  the  age 
of  nineteen  years,  who  have  been  supported  on  my  ac- 
count and  to  whom  I  assign  two  thousand  dollars  in  cash, 
which  are  in  a  small  cedar  box,  and  more  to  make  up  said 
amount  there  will  be  found  in  the  silk  warehouse,  forty- 
five  dollars,  it  being  understood  that  said  amount  of  two 
thousand  dollars  shall  be  divided  among  the  three,  the 
two  brothers  and  sister,  in  equal  parts. 

In  the  same  manner  I  leave  to  the  said  Don  Juan  and 
Don  Alonzo  de  Vargas  the  two  saddles  which  I  have  used ; 
also  two  pairs  of  pistols,  with  the  holsters ;  the  banners  of 
Anselm  and  Saint  Michael,  the  Great,  with  the  covers  and 
cushions ;  two  cloth  suits  which  I  have  worn,  one  whitish 
and  the  other  blue,  with  the  gold  buttons,  covered  with 
flesh  color,  and  the  whitish  with  its  waist-coat  and  trou- 
sers of  brown  cloth,  adorned  with  flounces  of  gold  and 
silver;  this  I  leave  to  my  son,  Don  Juan  Manuel,  and  the 
other  to  my  said  son,  Don  Alonzo,  together  with  a  jacket 
of  blue  brocade,  and  a  pair  of  trousers  of  blue  plush  and 
enough  cloth  of  silk  grogram  for  another  pair;  and  fur- 
thermore of  the  piece  of  camlet  cloth  which  I  have  as- 
signed, each  one  of  my  sons  will  make  a  new  suit  of  cloth, 
a  coat  and  two  pairs  of  trousers,  lined  with  the  color  of 
their  selection  of  the  listed  cloth  in  the  warehouse,  with 
silk  buttons,  and  the  jackets  lined  with  the  same  listed 
cloth;  in  the  same  manner  I  leave  them  six  shirts,  em- 
broidered with  the  best  of  lace,  three  to  each  one;  two 
jerkins  with  eaten-moth  laces,  one  to  each;  and  of  the 
neckties  which  I  have  commonly  used,  I  leave  two  to  each 
one  of  my  said  sons;  further,  four  pairs  of  stockings  of 
genoba,  two  pairs  to  each,  and  I  leave  to  my  said  son,  Don 
Alonzo,  one  pair  of  blue  silk  stockings,  embroidered  with 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  305 

gold,  and  the  pair  which  are  silver  curled  to  my  son,  Don 
Juan;  I  leave  them  four  pairs  of  bed-sheets,  two  to  each, 
with  the  embroidered  pillow-cases ;  I  leave  them  four  yards 
of  fine  linen,  to  each  of  my  two  said  sons ;  to  my  said  son, 
Don  Alonzo,  I  leave  my  two  cloaks,  one  of  fine  native 
cloth,  and  the  other  of  gold  color,  lined  with  serge ;  to  my 
said  son,  Don  Juan,  I  leave  the  choice  of  the  color  of  the 
cloak  lined  wdth  serge;  I  also  leave  them  three  pairs  of 
drawers,  to  each  one,  and  one  full  piece  of  fine  linen  to  be 
used  by  them  for  handkerchiefs ;  and  I  leave  to  them  the 
selection,  to  be  taken  to  their  mother  and  sister,  a  dress 
pattern  of  fine  camlet  cloth,  with  the  lining  of  the  listed 
cloth  which  they  may  like  the  best,  and  a  pattern  of  pet- 
ticoats of  scarlet  cloth  from  England,  with  the  silk  and 
trimmings ;  one  silk  mantle  with  fringe,  for  each  one ;  fur- 
thermore, I  leave  them  the  two  trunks  which  I  have ;  and 
to  my  said  son,  Don  Alonzo,  I  leave  my  fine  sword  hilt, 
and  to  my  said  son,  Don  Juan,  I  leave  my  small  sword; 
and  each  one  to  have  a  leathern  jacket,  the  one  I  have 
used  and  another  from  the  warehouse ;  in  the  same  man- 
ner to  take  to  the  General  at  Parral  one  leathern  jacket  of 
blue  color  and  the  stockings  and  gloves  which  I  ordered 
to  be  made;  I  also  leave  to  them  my  leather  case,  large 
elbow  chair  and  eight  ready  mules,  selected  to  the  satis- 
faction of  my  slave,  the  negro  Andres,  who,  for  having 
rendered  me  good  service  with  his  great  love  and  good  will 
ever  since  the  year  ninety-one,  by  this  clause,  I  give  him 
liberty,  with  the  understanding  that  he  shall  take  my  said 
sons  to  the  City  of  Mexico  and  remain  with  them  such  time 
as  he  may  see  fit,  and  to  whom  will  be  given  and  provided 
a  saddle  and  two  mules  to  his  satisfaction,  with  a  gun, 
cover,  cushions,  bridle,  reins  and  saddle-bag,  hat,  jacket 
and  a  pair  of  trousers  of  cloth,  and,  in  the  same  manner 
will  be  given  to  my  said  sons  one  hundred  pounds  of 
chocolate  and  sugar  and  twelve  measures  of  wheat-made 
dried  bread,  stockings,  shoes,  soap  and  hats  for  the  said 
journey,  which  they  will  make  two  months  after  my  death, 
or  with  the  messenger  who  may  take  this  notice  of  my  death 
and  in  their  company  will  go  Don  Antonio  Maldonado 
Zapata,  to  whom  I  give  four  mules  for  pack  animals  and 
two  saddle  mules,  fifty  pounds  of  chocolate  and  fifty  of 
sugar,  four  measures  of  wheat,  six  pairs  of  shoes,  six 
bundles  of  tobacco,  six  dollars'  worth  of  soap  and  two 
hats  in  order  that  he  may  accompany  my  two  sons. 

To  my  secretary  of  government  and  war,  also,  for  the 


306  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

love  I  bear  him,  I  make  him  the  gift  of  what  he  may  owe 
me,  and  more,  I  leave  him  cloth  of  England  enough  for  a 
suit  of  four  yards,  with  its  listed  linings  and  buttons,  so 
that  with  due  care  and  legality  he  may  assist  my  said 
lieutenant-general,  by  these  presents  appointed  my  testa- 
mentary executor. 

To  the  accounts  which  I  have  with  the  soldiers,  cor- 
porals and  officers  of  war  of  this  garrison,  paid  in  full 
their  year  in  advance,  and  to  the  others,  owing  small 
sums,  to  pay  them  in  full  to  their  satisfaction  upon  the 
settlement  of  their  accounts. 

There  shall  also  be  made  an  inventory  of  all  of  my 
property,  assigning  first  to  my  said  Lieutenant-general 
and  compadre,  Don  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  the  testamentary 
executor  and  administrator,  my  black  hat  embellished  with 
blue  and  white  feathers  and  my  silver-laced  cloak,  lined 
with  blue  plush,  and  a  new  jerkin  with  grogram  and  silk 
lace  and  my  gold  cane. 

To  my  said  sons  I  leave  my  mourning  suit  and  to  the 
said  Don  Antonio  Maldonado  Zapata,  in  consideration  of 
relationship  and  friendship,  I  leave  to  him  all  that  he 
may  ow^e  me  on  account  of  salary  and  furthermore,  I  give 
him  a  pair  of  stockings  of  yellow  color,  embroidered  with 
silver,  and  one  pair  of  socks. 

Out  of  the  inventory  of  my  property  when  made,  there 
will  be  paid  the  parochial  fee  for  the  nine  masses  over  the 
corpse,  to  the  Rev.  Fr.  Guardian,  giving  him  one  hun- 
dred candles  for  the  bier  and  fifty  for  the  altars  and  those 
Religious  present ;  I  believe  there  is  chocolate  of  my  liking 
in  two  baskets  amounting  to  about  two  hundred  and  twen- 
ty-five pounds,  and  the  balance  in  what  he  may  ask  to  be 
paid  in  goods  which  may  be  left. 

Relative  to  the  great  quantities  of  supplies  with  which 
I  have  been  supplied  by  the  government  and  which  appear 
to  have  come  in  to  the  Villa  of  Santa  Fe  during  the  last 
year,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  three,  I  submit  the 
bill  of  exchange  which  I  have  drawn  in  favor  of  said  per- 
sons. To  Don  Francisco  Dias  Tagle,  resident  of  the  City 
of  Mexico,  I  may  be  indebted  as  to  that  which  may  not 
have  been  paid  on  the  salary  of  one  hundred  soldiers  of 
the  garrison  of  the  Villa  of  Santa  Fe,  and  their  year  paid 
in  advance  began  on  the  16th  day  of  December  of  last 
year,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  three,  and  will  end 
in  the  present  year,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  four, 
and  for  the  payment  of  said  balance  I  assign  to  said  chief 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  307 

officer  the  goods  of  said  inventory  and  also  five  hundred 
and  fifty  head  of  cattle,  furnishing  the  said  soldiers  as 
usual  from  said  stock  and  grain  which  are  in  ray  ware- 
house and  in  the  house  of  Captain  Diego  Arias,  the  por- 
tion which  appears  in  the  book  of  accounts,  and  at  La 
Canada  in  possession  of  Sylvestre  Pacheco,  and  from  the 
one  as  well  as  from  the  others  said  soldiers  shall  be  sup- 
plied, all  of  which  will  be  administered  by  my  lieutenant 
promptly,  the  soldiers  making  to  him  their  obligations  to 
pay  out  of  their  salaries,  and  the  new  Governor  who  shall 
come  to  make  the  payment  for  said  soldiers  out  of  their 
salaries  in  the  first  payment  to  be  made  in  the  present 
year  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  four,  in  order  that 
the  said  soldiers  may  not  be  in  need  of  the  necessary  sup- 
port in  their  aid  to  the  Royal  service,  for  which  and  in 
compliance  with  which  the  said  soldiers  shall  give  to  my 
said  lieutenant  the  notes  required  by  him  for  what  may  be 
given  to  them  and  also  giving  to  them  thirty  head  of  cat- 
tle each  month  at  the  pleasure  of  my  said  lieutenant. 

In  the  same  manner  I  declare  that  I  am  indebted  in  the 
City  of  Mexico  to  the  Captain  Don  Juan  de  Bazoco  in  the 
sum  of  two  thousand  one  hundred  and  ninety  dollars,  pay- 
able at  the  end  of  the  month  of  May  of  the  present  year. 
Furthermore,  I  am  indebted  to  the  Count  of  Fresno  de  la 
Fuente  as  evidenced  by  a  note  of  seven  hundred  and  some 
odd  dollars,  for  the  amount  of  my  account  which  his  pre- 
decessor, Don  Mathias  de  Munaris  did  not  collect,  and  for 
the  payment  of  which  I  ask  the  Captain  Don  Antonio  de 
Valverde  to  pay  the  same  on  account  of  what  he  owes  me 
and  to  remit  a  bill  of  exchange  to  my  said  testamentary 
executor  to  be  by  him  enclosed  with  notice  of  my  death  to 
the  said  Count  de  Fresno  de  la  Fuente. 

In  the  same  manner  will  Don  Antonio  Valverde  pay  to 
the  Captain  Don  Francisco  Sanchez  de  Tagle  the  balance 
due  on  account  of  three  boxes  of  gun-powder  which  was 
gotten  on  my  account  in  Mexico  from  the  general  con- 
tractor and  the  lead  which  I  gave  as  ammunition  for  the 
journey,  which  he  wall  pay  at  the  rate  of  one  dollar  and  a 
half  for  gun-powder  and  lead. 

In  the  same  manner  said  Captain  Antonio  Valverde  will 
pay  in  form  convenient  to  himself  and  when  agreeable,  the 
different  accounts  furnished  to  the  soldiers  of  his  garrison 
and  also  for  one  box  of  soap  which,  at  his  request,  I  fur- 
nished him  at  said  garrison  at  El  Paso  del  Norte. 

I  leave  in  full  force  and  effect  the  testament  made  by  me 


308  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

on  the  first  day  of  June  of  last  year,  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  three,  in  the  City  of  Mexico,  before  Don 
Juan  de  Valdez,  Notary  Public  for  His  Majesty,  in  which 
I  declared  and  as  to  this  I  repeat  and  declare  as  the  suc- 
cessor of  my  first-born  son  as  Marques  de  la  Naba  Bra- 
zinas,  my  oldest  grand-son  as  therein  stated. 

I  do  appoint  in  my  place  my  Lieutenant  general,  that  as 
soon  as  I  may  die  he  may  govern  this  kingdom,  the  po- 
litical as  well  as  the  military,  who  shall  give  immediate 
notice  to  the  Viceroy,  the  Duke  of  Alburquerque,  and  in 
the  same  manner,  for  the  discharge  of  this  my  testa- 
ment and  its  contents,  I  appoint  my  said  lieutenant, 
Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  my  testamentary  executor  and  the 
keeper  of  my  goods,  and  after  the  discharging  of  the  pro- 
visions of  my  will,  having  paid  and  satisfied  all  as  in  the 
same  stated,  it  is  my  will  that  the  remainder  be  remitted 
to  my  said  administrators,  Don  Miguel  de  Ubilla  and  Don 
Diego  Suazo  y  Cojales,  and  this  I  sign,  while  on  the  cam- 
paign, in  the  Town  of  Bernalillo,  with  the  Captain  Alonzo 
Eael  de  Aguilar,  my  secretary  of  government  and  war, 
and  I,  the  said  secretary  say  that  in  my  presence  it  was 
made  by  the  Marques  de  la  Naba  Brazinas,  present  gov- 
ernor and  captain  general  of  this  Kingdom,  and  I  do  cer- 
tify and  know  that  His  Excellency  is  in  his  entire  judg- 
ment and  natural  understanding  which  God  Our  Lord  has 
been  pleased  to  give  him,  and  while  His  Excellency  is  in 
the  field,  and  there  not  being  any  royal  or  public  notary 
in  this  Kingdom  and  much  less  there  being  in  this  place 
an  alcalde  who  could  ex-officio  acknowledge  this  testament, 
for  said  reason,  it  was  acknowledged  by  me,  the  said  sec- 
retary of  government,  to  give  it  full  faith  according  to 
law ;  His  Excellency  signing  it  before  me  said  secretary  of 
government  and  war  and  signing  as  witnesses  Lieutenant 
Juan  de  Urribarri,  Don  Antonio  Maldonado,  Adjutant, 
and  the  Captain  Felix  Martinez,  who  were  present  and 
duly  signed  as  stated.  Made  in  the  Town  of  Bernalillo 
on  the  seventh  day  of  the  month  of  April,  in  the  year  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  four,  and  written  upon 
ordinary  plain  paper  as  there  is  none  which  is  sealed  at 
this  place.  Holding  of  no  value  persons  and  seventy  head 
of  cattle. 

And  in  the  same  manner  I  desire  and  it  is  my  will  that, 
whereas,  I  have  furnished  the  Captain  Don  Felix  Mar- 
tinez what  my  account  books  show,  that  my  said  admin- 
istrator do  not  collect  anything  from  him  for  I  give  it 


THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  309 

to  him  for  the  great  service  and  love  which  he  has  ren- 
dered me,  and  this  clause  shall  be  complied  with  as  all 
the  others,  and  I  sign  it  before  said  secretary  and  wit- 
nesses on  said  day,  month  and  year. 

Moreover,  I  declare  that  I  have  another  mulatto  slave 
by  the  name  of  Jose  de  la  Cruz,  whom  also,  on  account  of 
the  time  he  has  served  me,  lovingly  and  willingly,  I  do 
give  to  him  his  liberty,  with  the  understanding  that  he 
will  serve  my  said  sons  Don  Juan  and  Don  Alonzo  de 
Vargas  five  years,  and  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  will 
be  at  liberty,  as  appears  by  this  clause  and  the  declara- 
tion made  before  a  notary  by  my  said  sons  that  said  Jose 
de  la  Cruz  has  served  the  five  years.  I  sign  it  with  said 
secretary  of  government  and  war  and  the  witnesses. 

The  Makques  de  la  Brazinas  [Rubric] 
Witnesses : 

Juan  de  Ulibarri  [Rubric] 

Antonio  Macario  Maldonado  Zapata  [Rubric] 

Felix  Martinez  [Rubric] 
Before  me : 

Alfonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar  [Rubric] 
Secy,  of  Govmt.  and  War, 

On  said  day,  month  and  year,  I,  the  said  Governor  and 
Captain-general,  Marques  de  la  Naba  Brazinas,  do  say; 
that  notwithstanding  the  long  time  since  I  came  from 
New  Spain,  I  have  ordered  a  great  number  of  masses  to 
be  said  for  the  repose  of  my  soul,  and  notwithstanding 
this  testament  is  closed,  I  desire  and  it  is  my  will  to  have 
five  hundred  masses,  two  hundred  applied  to  the  Holy 
Virgin  of  Remedies,  my  protector,  for  the  benefit  of  my 
soul,  and  three  hundred  for  the  souls  of  the  poor  who 
died  in  the  conquest  of  this  Kingdom  and  may  have  died 
up  to  the  present  day,  for  which  I  order  my  testamentary 
executor  to  pay  the  necessary  fees  out  of  my  property, 
requiring  a  receipt  for  the  payment  of  the  same,  and  be- 
ing oppressed  with  the  sickness  which  his  Divine  Majesty 
has  been  pleased  to  afflict  me,  although  in  my  entire 
judgment  and  understanding,  and  not  being  able  to  sign 
this  clause  it  is  done  for  me  by  the  Lieutenant  Juan  de 
Uribarri,  there  being  present  my  secretary  of  govern- 
ment and  war,  whom  I  ask  to  certify,  and  I  the  said  sec- 
retary, being  present,  do  say  that  the  said  Marques  is  in 
his  complete  judgment  and  understanding  and  declares 
this  clause  and  order  for  masses,  and  I  sign  it  with  said 


310  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Lieutenant  Don  Juan  de  Uribarri,  the  witnesses  being  the 
Captain  Don  Fernando  Duran  y  Chaves,  Thomas  Olguin 
and  Don  Bernardo  Duran  y  Chaves,  all  present. 
By  request  of  The  IMarques  de  la  Naba  Brazinas. 

Juan  de  Uribarri  [Rubric] 
Fernando  Duran  y  Chaves  [Rubric] 
Thomas  Olguin  [Rubric] 
Bernardo  Duran  y  Chaves  [Rubric] 
Before  me: 

Alfonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar  [Rubric] 

Secy,  of  Govmt.  and  War 

1028  SEBASTIAN  RODRIGUEZ  to  Micaela  de  Velasco. 
Santa  Fe.    1707. 

Land  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rio  de  Santa  Fe. 

1029  FRANCISCO  MONTES  VIGIL. 

Grant.  1710.  Reported  Claim  No.  91,  q.  v.  Town  of 
Alameda. 

1030  JUANA  de  ZOSA  CANELA  to  Juan  Ballejo.  Santa 
Fe.    1716. 

Land  in  Alhurquerque.  Juan  Garcia  de  las  Rivas,  Alcalde. 

1031  JUAN  DOMINGO  de  BUSTAMANTE,  General,  to 
Antonio  de  Valverde  de  Cossio,  General.  Santa  Fe. 
1722. 

Land  below  the  City  of  El  Paso  del  Rio  del  Norte  '^cuyos 
sitios  lindaji  por  la  parte  del  con  los  sitios  de  dJio  Sr.  Gen. 
Dn.  Antonio  de  Valverde  y  por  la  otra  con  el  Puehlo  de 
Guadalupe  q.  fue  de  los  Indios  Zumas  que  es  por  la  parte 
Foniente  y  por  la  del  Oriente  por  una  y  otra  vanda  hasta 
la  sierra  q.  llaman  de  las  Minas,  y  por  la  parte  del  medio 
dia  hasta  la  sierra  por  la  del  Norte  Las  Salinas,  y  Sierra 
Florida  en  presio  y  cuantia  de  Zinco  mil  pesos  de  oro," 
etc. 

Francisco  Bueno  de  Bohorques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 

This  deed  shows  that  General  Don  Antonio  de  Val- 
verde Cossio  was  the  uncle  and  father-in-law  of  General 
Don  Juan  Domingo  de  Bustamante,  both  governors  of 
the  Province  at  different  periods. 

1032  JUAN   RUIS    CORDERO   to   Francisco  Velasquez. 

Santa  Fe,  1722. 

House  and  land.  Francisco  Bueno  de  Bohorques  y  Cor- 
cuera, Alcalde. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  311 

1033  MATEO  TRUXILLO  to  Sebastian  de  Vargas  and 

Miguel  de  Dios.    1722, 

House  and  lands  in  Santa  Fe.  Francisco  Bueno  de  Bo- 
horques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 

1034  LORENZO  TRUXILLO  to  Pedro  Vigil.     Santa  Fe, 

1724. 

Raneho  in  La  Canada  de  Santa  Cruz.  Bohorquez  y  Cor- 
cuera, Alcalde. 

1035  CAYETANO  and  AGUSTIN  LOBATO  to  Domingo 

Vigil.    Santa  Fe,  1727. 

Land  in  Canada  de  Santa  Cruz.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros, 
Alcalde. 

Shows  that  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Canada  was  on  south  side 
of  the  river;  see  No.  742  and  No.  427. 

1036  JUAN   LUJAN   to   Antonio   Velasquez.     Santa  Fe, 

1730. 

House  and  lands.    Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

1037  DIEGO  GALLEGOS  to  the  Puehlo  of  Santo  Domingo 
to  Miguel  Joseph  de  la  Vega  y  Coca.    Santa  Fe,  1730. 

One-half  interest  in  a  tract  of  land  lying  between  Santo 
Domingo  and  X ernes,  called  San  Miguel  de  la  Cruz.  Diego 
Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde. 

1038  LUIS  ROMERO,  Picuries  Indian.    1732. 

Permission  given  him  to  sell  a  piece  of  land  near  Emhudo 
to  Pedro  Montes  Vigil.  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Gov- 
ernor. 

Petition  by  Luis  Romero,  an  Indian  of  the  pueblo  of 
Picuries,  to  the  governor  of  New  Mexico,  asking  permis- 
sion to  sell  a  piece  of  land  which  he  had  at  a  place  called 
Embudo.  Whether  he  meant  the  settlement  of  that  name 
or  the  stream  now  called  the  Embudo  river  is  not  clear. 

The  petition  was  presented  to  Governor  Cruzat  y  Gon- 
gora at  Santa  Fe  on  February  17,  1732,  and  by  him  re- 
ferred to  the  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of  Picuries,  in  order 
that  they  might  state  whether  their  interests  would  be 
prejudicially  affected  by  the  proposed  sale. 

On  February  25,  1732,  the  Indians  stated  that  they  de- 
sired the  sale  to  be  made;  and  the  heirs  of  Luis  Romero 
consented  to  it,  etc. 


312  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

On  February  28,  1732,  Governor  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  in 
view  of  the  statement  made  by  the  Indians,  granted  to 
Romero  the  permission  to  make  the  sale,  which,  according 
to  the  governor's  statement,  Romero  wanted  to  make  to 
Pedro  Montes  Vigil. 

This  document  is  interesting  as  throwing  some  light  on 
the  view  entertained  at  its  date  as  to  the  right  of  a  Pueblo 
Indian  to  sell  land,  although  there  is  nothing  in  it  that 
makes  certain  the  location  of  the  land,  which  may  have 
been  at  or  near  the  settlement  of  Embudo,  miles  distant 
from  the  Picuries  puehlo  grant,  or  at  some  point  on  the 
Embudo  river,  and  possibly  within  the  grant. 

1039  JOSEPH  DE  EIAnO.    Santa  Fe,  1736. 

Presents  petition  asking  that  the  grants  to  ]\Iateo  Tru- 
xillo,  made  by  Governor  Cubero,  situate  between  the 
leagues  of  the  puehlos  of  San  Ildefonso  and  Santa  Clara 
be  measured  and  land-marks  set  up.  Proceedings  in  the 
matter,  etc.     Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor. 

Petition  by  Joseph  de  Riafio,  asking  that  the  Indians 
of  Santa  Clara  and  San  Ildefonso  be  required  to  produce 
any  documents  that  they  might  have,  showing  the  extent 
of  their  holdings,  in  order  that  he  might  know  what  were 
the  boundaries  of  a  grant,  lying  between  the  two  pueblos, 
which  he  had  bought  from  one  Trujillo,  and  which  had 
not  been  defined  by  monuments. 

On  March  15,  1736,  Governor  Cruzat  y  Gongora  di- 
rected General  Don  Juan  Paez  Hurtado  to  measure  one 
league  from  each  of  the  two  pueblos  in  the  direction  of  the 
ranch  which  Riano  had  bought,  and  to  put  up  monuments 
at  the  proper  places. 

On  March  17,  1736,  General  Paez  Hurtado,  in  company 
with  Captain  Juan  Esteban  Garcia  de  Noriega,  chief  al- 
calde of  the  district,  Captain  Domingo  Vigil,  Francisco 
Gomez,  and  the  natives  of  the  two  pueblos,  began  at  the 
corner  of  the  plaza  of  San  Ildefonso  and  measured  4,600 
varas  to  the  slope  of  the  table-land,  and  from  that  point  400 
varas  more  "of  the  lands  of  Baltazar  Trujillo  (the  party 
from  whom  Riaiio  had  purchased)  to  complete  the  five 
thousand  varas  which  make  the  league  belonging  to  said 
pueblo  of  San  Ildefonso."  He  then  proceeded  to  measure 
the  league  belonging  to  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara,  and 
discovered  that  it  was  169  varas  less  than  the  full  length 
of  5,000  varas,  "there  remaining  to  Baltazar  Trujillo,  be- 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  313 

tween  the  measurements  of  said  pueblos,  eighty-four 
varas." 

General  Paez  Hurtado  further  states  that  notwitlistand- 
ing  he  had  orders  to  place  monuments  to  mark  the  lands 
of  the  two  pueblos  he  would  defer  doing  so  until  he  had 
reported  to  the  governor  what  he  had  already  done. 

On  March  18,  1736,  Governor  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  in  view 
of  the  report  of  Paez  Hurtado,  decided  that  nothing  new 
should  be  done  in  the  matter,  and  that  the  monuments 
should  be  left  at  the  points  where  they  were  established. 

1040  JOSEPH  XARAMILLO  to  Leogardo  Gallego.     Al- 
burquerque,  1734. 

Lands.    Geronimo  Xaramillo,  Alcalde. 

1041  DIEGO  DE  VELASCO.    Grant.    1725. 

Land  in  the  Canada  called  Cundiyo.  Juan  Domingo  de 
Bustamante,  Governor.  Revoked  in  1738  by  Enrique  de 
Olavide  y  Michelena,  Governor. 

Petition  by  Diego  de  Velasco  for  a  tract  of  land  in  the 
Canada  of  Cundiyo,  the  boundaries  of  which  were  on  the 
west  a  tract  called  the  Potrero,  on  the  east  some  hills  up 
in  the  Canada,  on  the  north  the  Rio  de  en  Media,  on  the 
south  the  river  of  said  place  of  Cundiyo. 

This  petition  was  presented  to  Governor  Juan  Domingo 
de  Bustamante  on  July  14,  1725,  and  he  made  the  grant 
on  condition  that  it  should  not  be  to  the  prejudice  of  the 
Indians  or  that  any  third  party  who  might  have  a  better 
right,  and  directed  the  chief  alcalde  of  Santa  Cruz,  with 
that  understanding,  to  place  the  party  in  possession. 

There  is  no  evidence  that  the  possession  was  ever  given. 

On  the  15th  day  of  September,  1738,  Governor  Hen- 
rique de  Olavide  y  Michelena,  being  at  that  date  at  the 
pueblo  of  Nambe,  on  a  general  inspection  tour,  attached 
to  the  foregoing  petition  and  grant  his  decree  abrogating 
the  same  because  of  representations  made  to  him  by  the 
Indians  showing  that  Velasco  was  causing  them  great 
damage;  that  in  all  the  intervening  years  he  had  not  re- 
ceived juridical  possession  of  the  property. 

1042  JUANA  DE  LOS  RIOS  to  Manuel,  Diego,  Antonio,  and 
Juana  Velasquez.     Santa  Fe,  1739. 

Donation  of  a  tract  of  land.    Antonio  Montoya,  Alcalde. 


314  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

1043  DOMINGO  VALDEZ.    Santa  Fe,  1742. 

Grant.  Entrances  and  exits.  Juan  Domingo  de  Men- 
doza,  Governor.    Antonio  de  Hulibarri,  Alcalde. 

1044  JOSEPH  FRESQUI  to  Manuel  Gregorio  Vigil.  Santa 
Fe,  1750. 

Land.    Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Alcalde. 

1045  MANUEL  VALERIO  to  Juan  Manzanares.    1751. 

Land  on  the  Chama.    Juan  Joseph  Lovato,  Alcalde. 

1046  JUAN  DE  DIOS  ROMERO  to  Francisco  Montes  Vigil. 
Santa  Cruz,  1751. 

Land  at  San  Francisco  del  Pueblo  Quemado.  Juan  Jo- 
seph Sandoval,  Alcalde. 

1047  JOSE  DE  MEDINA  to  Juan  Bautista  Vigil.  CUmaijo. 
1751. 

Lands.     Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Alcalde. 

1048  SANTIAGO  MARTIN  to  Felix  Valerio.  Chimayo, 
1751. 

Land.     Juan  Joseph  Sandoval,  Alcalde. 

1049  CLARA  de  VILLAREAL,  mfe  of  Melclior  Rodriguez. 
San  Joseph  de  Garcia.  Jurisdiction  of  Pueblo  of  Pi- 
curies.    1753. 

Inventory  and  partition  of  her  estate.  Made  at  request 
of  Juan  Joseph  de  Arguello,  husband  of  Joachina  Rod- 
riguez, daughter  of  said  Clara  de  Villareal.  Nicolas  de 
Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

1050  MANUEL  VALERIO  vs.  Lazaro  de  Atienza.  Santa 
Cruz  de  la  Canada.    1753. 

Question  of  boundaries.  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  Gov- 
ernor. 

1051  ANTONIO  VARELA. 

Grant  in  Fuenclara.    1754.    Tomas  Velez  Cachupin. 

1052  JOSEPH  RAMO  de  VERA.    Santa  Fe,  1753. 

Will.    Nicolas  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

1053  FRANCISCO  MONTES  VIGIL.     Grant.     1754. 

Reported  Claim  No.  128,  q.  v. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  315 

1054  CRISTOBAL  VIGIL  and  Manuel  and  Joseph  Mon- 

toya.    1754. 

Petition  for  land  on  the  Truchas.    No  final  action  taken. 
Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  Governor. 

1055  JUAN  MONTES  VIGIL.    Santa  Fe,  1762. 

Will,  inventory,  and  partition  of  his  estate.     Manuel  Gal- 
lego,  Alcalde.     Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  Governor. 

1056  MARTIN  TORRES  to  Manuel  Vigil.  Santa  Fe,  1762. 

Lands.    Manuel  Gallego,  Alcalde. 

1057  NICOLASA  VIGIL.    Cliama.    1765. 

Will,  proceedings,  and  partition  of  her  estate.     Tomas  Ve- 
lez Cachupin,  Governor. 

1058  JOACHIN  GARCIA  de  NORIEGA  to  Salvador  and 

Ignacio  Vigil. 

Land  in  Canada  de  Santa  Cruz.     1766.     Manuel  Garcia 
Pareja,  Alcalde. 

1059  DIEGO    MANUEL    BACA    and    Joaquin    Valencia. 

Santa  Fe,  1772. 

Exchange  of  real  property  in  said  city.     Manuel  Garcia 
Pareja,  Alcalde. 

1060  MANUEL  MONTES  VIGIL,  alcalde  of  Taos,  1780. 

Proceedings  in  the  settlement  of  his  estate.     Juan  Bau- 
tista  de  Anza,  Governor. 

1061  MARINA  DE  JESUS  BACA. 

Will.    Santa  Fe.    1784.    Jose  Sandoval ;  Salvador  Ribera ; 
Juan  de  Abrego. 

1062  JOSEPH  MANUEL  VELARDE  and  18  Families. 

Petition  to  settle  at  Ojo  Caliente.    No  final  action.    Fer- 
nando Chacon,  Governor. 

1063  PEDRO  VIAL  {el  Frances). 

Will  and  inventory  of  his  estate.     Santa  Fe,  1814.    Jose 
Antonio  Alarid,  Sargento.     Francisco  Ortiz,  Alcalde. 

Pedro  Vial  was  a  Frenchman  and  took  an  important 
part  in  some  of  the  affairs  of  the  Province.  He  died  at 
Santa  Fe,  and  his  remains  were  buried  in  the  Castrense 
church;  he  was  a  bachelor,  without  any  relatives  in  this 


316  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

country ;  he  left  as  his  heir,  IMaria  Manuela  Martin.  From 
his  will,  it  appears  that  at  times  he  practiced  medicine. 
He  died  in  1814.  He  served  as  an  interpreter  to  the 
Comanche  Indians  for  many  years. 

1064  JOSE  ANTONIO  VALVERDE  and  others. 

Petition  for  lands  known  as  the  Bancho  de  la  Xemes  near 
Vallecito,  1815.  The  parties  were  put  in  possession  by 
Ignacio  Sanchez  Vergara,  Alcalde,  but  the  Governor, 
Maynez,  declared  his  action  void  because  of  error  in  the 
proceedings. 

1065  IGNACIO  MARIA  SANCHEZ  VERGARA. 

Petition  for  land  between  the  puehlos  of  Santo  Domingo 
and  San  Felipe.  1824.  Referred  to  the  Provincial  Depu- 
tation.    Bartolome  Baca,  Governor. 

1066  SANTIAGO  SALAZAR  vs.  Miguel  Velarde. 

Question  of  lands  at  Ahiquiu.    1825. 

1067  JOSEPH  SEDANO  vs.  Juan  Lorenzo  Medina.  Santa 

Fe,  1731. 

Question  of  title  to  house  and  lot.  Francisco  Bueno  Bo- 
horques  y  Corcuera,  Alcalde. 

1068  ANTONIO  GONZALES  de  la  ROSA  to  Jose  Sa- 
morra.  Santa  Rosalia  del  Vallecito.  Jurisdiccion  de 
San  Geronimo  de  Taos.    1763. 

Land.     Pedro  Antonio  Martin,  Alcalde. 

1069  JUAN  ANTONIO  FRESQUI  to  Jose  Samorra.  San- 
ta Rosalia  del  Vallecito.    1763. 

Land.     Pedro  Antonio  Martin,  Alcalde. 

1070  JOSE  SANCHEZ  to  Joseph  Samorra.  Santa  Rosalia 
del  Vallecito.    1763. 

Pedro  Antonio  Martin,  Alcalde. 

1071  MADALENA  de  OGAMA  vs.  Ramon  Garcia  Jurado. 

Santa  Fe,  1703. 

Question  of  title  to  land.  El  Marques  de  la  Nava  Bra- 
zinas. 

1072  ANTONIO  GODINES  and  MARIA  DOMINGUEZ 
DE  MENDOZA,  his  wife,  to  Nicolas  Ortiz  Nino  Ladron 
de  Guebarra.    Santa  Fe,  1714. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  317 

House  and  land.    Francisco  Bueno  Bohorques  y  Corcuera, 

Alcalde. 

Describes  a  house  situate  "en  la  calle  real  q  ha  de  la 

plaza  a  la  Yglesia  Nueha  q  se  esta  fahricando  —  on  the 

main  street  which  goes  from  the  plaza  to  the  new  church 

which  is  being  built"  (1714). 

1073  NICOLAS  ORTIZ  NINO  LADRON  de  GUEVARA. 
Santa  Fe,  1714. 

Possession  given  of  the  said  property. 

1074  PEDRO  MONTES  de  OCA  to  Nicolas  Ortiz  Nino  La- 
dron  de  Guebara.    Santa  Fe,  1714. 

House  and  land.  Diego  Arias  de  Quiros,  Alcalde.  No. 
1072  and  1073,  q.  v. 

Describes  a  house  situate  '^en  la  calle  real  esta  Villa 
que  ha  a  la  Yglesia  Nueha  que  seesta  hazien-do."  De- 
cember 6,  1714. 

1075  JOSEPHA  MARTIN  to  Antonio  Olguin.    Satita  Fe, 
1719. 

House  and  Land.  Francisco  Bueno  de  Bohorques  y  Cor- 
cuera, Alcalde. 

1076  JOSEPHA  DE  ONTIVEROS  vs.  Pascuala  de  Con- 
cepcion.    Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz.    1731. 

Question  of  title  to  a  grant  of  land.  Domingo  Vigil,  Al- 
calde.    Juan  Domingo  de  Bustamante,  Governor. 

1077  JOSEPHA  DE  ONTIVEROS.    Villa  Nueva  de  Santa 

Cruz. 

Grant,  1735.  Manuel  de  la  Rosa,  Francisco  de  Baldes, 
Juan  Andres  Gonzales,  Juan  Feliz  Bustillos.  ]\Iade  by 
Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  Acting  Governor.  Revoked  by  Cru- 
zat.  Governor. 

1078  NICOLAS  ORTIZ  NInO  LADRON  de  GUEVARA. 
1742. 

Reported  Claim  No.  63,  q.  v.     Caja  del  Rio. 

Caja  del  Rio  Grant.  Reported  No.  63.  There  is  a 
small  conflict  with  the  grant  to  the  puehlo  of  Cochiti. 
"When  the  decree  of  confirmation  was  entered  by  the  court 
of  private  land  claims  and  a  new  survey  had  been  made 
it  was  found  that  the  conflict  had  materially  increased. 
The  grant  was  patented  February  20,  1897. 


318  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

1079  NICOLAS  ORTIZ  NInO  LADRON  de  GUEVARA 
vs.  Juan  Estevan  Garcia  de  Noriega. 

Trespass.  Santa  Fe,  1754.  Don  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin, 
Governor.  Gregorio  Garduno,  Pedro  Sotero,  Juan  Do- 
mingo Lovato,  Bernardo  de  Miera  y  Paeheco.  Antonio 
de  Ulibarri,  Alcalde.  Juan  Joseph  Lobato,  Proeurador. 
Juan  Jose  Jaques,  Tomas  de  Alvear  y  Collado,  Joseph 
Miguel  Garduno. 

This  tract  was  granted  to  Nicolas  Ortiz  Niiio  Ladron 
de  Guevara,  May  13,  1742,  by  Gaspar  Domingo  de 
]\Iendosa,  as  a  reward  for  services  performed  as  a  soldier 
in  the  reconquest  and  pacification  of  the  country  in  1692- 
96. 

When  the  son  of  this  reconquistador  died  on  August  2, 
1810,  whose  name  was  also  Nicolas  Ortiz  Niiio  Ladron  de 
Guevara,  other  than  his  interest  in  the  Caja  del  Rio 
Grant,  he  left  a  house  of  seven  rooms  and  five  hundred 
varas  of  land.  His  wife  was  Maria  Alberta  Maes,  and 
they  left  one  son,  Francisco  Xavier  Ortiz,  who  at  his 
death  left  the  following:  Antonio  Jose  Ortiz;  Juan  An- 
tonio Ortiz ;  the  latter  deceased  and  leaving  as  heirs,  Bel- 
en  Ortiz,  wife  of  Jose  Abeytia;  and  Jose  IMatias  Ortiz; 
the  last  named  left  Damacio  Ortiz  and  Ramon  Ortiz  and 
Dionicio  Ortiz,  who  married  Reyes  Tenorio.  There  were 
many  other  heirs,  including  Miguel  Baca  y  Ortiz,  Faus- 
tina Baca,  Pablo  Baca,  Severiano  Baca,  Dolores  Baca,  and 
Justo  Baca,  children  of  Guadalupe  Ortiz. 

The  original  Nicolas  Ortiz  Niiio  Ladron  de  Guevara 
made  his  will  September  17,  1742,  in  which  he  states 
that  he  was  married  to  Juana  Baca  and  had  three  chil- 
dren, Francisco  Ortiz,  Nicolas  Ortiz  and  Toribio  Ortiz. 
This  will  is  archive  647.  In  his  petition  for  the  grant  he 
states  that  it  is  now  "forty-nine  years  since  I  came  with 
my  parents  to  the  reconquest  and  pacification  of  this  said 
pro\ance  as  a  settler  therein,  sent  by  the  most  excellent 
Viceroy,  the  Conde  de  Galve,  which  dignitary  promised 
to  supply  us  with  land  to  cultivate  and  live  upon  by  the 
authority  of  the  King  himself,  which  land  has  not  been 
given  me  because  I  was  engaged  and  occupied  with  all  the 
campaigns  and  incursions  that  have  taken  place  from  that 
to  the  present  time,  without  causing  any  cost  to  His  Ma- 
jesty for  a  load  of  powder  which  I  furnished  at  my  own 
expense  as  well  as  all  kinds  of  arms  and  horses,  as  appears 
from  the  documents  which  I  hold  in  my  favor  from  my 
superiors. ' ' 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  319 

The  boundaries  in  the  §rrant  are  described:  "On  the 
east  the  wide  Canada ;  on  the  west  the  Rio  del  Norte ;  on 
the  north  the  point  of  the  mesa  situated  in  the  Caja  del 
Rio,  and  on  the  south  the  drainage — {virtirUente)  of 
Santa  Cruz.  The  land  lies  below  the  Indian  puehlo  of  San 
Ildefonso.  The  Indians  of  San  Ildefonso  made  no  objec- 
tion to  the  making  of  the  grant.  Nicolas  Ortiz  was  known 
as  "Chino"  Ortiz.  The  heirs  of  Nicolas  Ortiz  were  com- 
pelled to  abandon  this  grant  in  1818  on  account  of  raids 
made  by  the  Navajo  Indians. 

1080  LIST  of  SETTLERS  in  the  New  Town  of  San  An- 
tonio de  MORA.  No  date.  No  signatures.  List  con- 
tains 36  names.  List  of  Settlers  de  la  Plaza  de  Santa 
Getrudis;  del  Valle  de  Abajo  contains  34  names.  Also 
list  of  the  Pohladores  que  han  dehado  sus  posssesiones 
y  se  han  salido.    Contains  6  names. 

1081  NEMESIO  SALCEDO  of  Chihuahua  to  the  Acting; 
Governor  of  New  Mexico,  1809  to  1810. 

Two  letters  relating  to  a  piece  of  land  distant  seven 
leagues  from  Santa  Fe,  of  which  possession  is  claimed  by 
Nicolas  Ortiz.  This  action  is  taken  on  account  of  a  peti- 
tion presented  by  Francisco  Ortiz.  The  land  is  spoken  of 
as  San  Marcos.  The  petition  is  not  granted  and  said  Or- 
tiz and  Manuel  Delgado  were  forbidden  to  put  their  stock 
on  said  land,  but  it  was  expressly  reserved  for  the  poor  of 
Santa  Fe.  Reference  is  here  made  to  the  pasture  lands 
of  Galisteo  and  to  those  of  El  Arco. 

Reported  Claim  No.  63,  q.  v.  Caja  del  Rio.  No.  1078, 
1079,  1271,  q.  v. 

1082  ROYAL  DECREE  giving  equal  rights  to  all  Ameri- 
cans and  Indians  in  Spanish  America.  1811.  Pub- 
lished and  ordered  to  be  promulgated  in  Chihuahua  in 
1821,  by  Ale  jo  Garcia  Conde,  Governor,  etc. 

Copy,  made  at  Chihuahua  on  February  20,  1821,  of  a 
decree  of  the  Cortes,  dated  on  February  9,  1811,  confer- 
ring certain  rights  on  the  citizens  of  the  Spanish  do- 
minions in  America,  including  both  Spaniards  and  In- 
dians.    These  rights  were  the  following: 

1st.  The  right  of  being  represented  in  the  Cortes  on 
the  same  footing  as  the  inhabitants  of  Spain. 

2d.     The  right  of  planting  and  cultivating  all  the  land 


320  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

which  their  ability  and  circumstances  permitted  them  to 
do. 

3d.  The  right  of  eligibility  to  all  public  offices  and  em- 
ployments in  the  ecclesiastical,  civil,  and  military  branches 
of  the  service. 

This  copy  is  signed  by  Alejo  Garcia  Conde,  governor, 
commandant  general,  and  superior  civil  chief  of  the  In- 
ternal Provinces  of  the  West,  of  New  Spain. 

1083  NUESTRA  SERORA  de  la  LUZ  SAN  FERNANDO 

Y  SAN  BLAS  del  Rio  Puerco.    1770. 

Question  of  boundaries  with  Antonio  Baca.  Don  Pedro 
Fermin  de  Mendinueta,  Governor.  Carlos  Mirabal,  Al- 
calde.    Pajarito  and  Atrisco  Grant,  q.  v. 

1084  INVENTARIO  de  DILIGENCIAS  fechas  por  mi  Don 

Joseph  de  Bustamante  Tagle,  alcalde  mayor  de  la 

Capital  Villa  de  Santa  Fe,  desde  el  ario  de  quarenta  y 

nuehe,  hasta  el  presente,  de  mil  septecientos  cincuenta 

y  dos  y  son  las  siguientes: 

Escritura  de  venta  por  el  Sindico,  Bernardino  de  Sena, 
to  Don  Francisco  Ortiz,  1750, 

Maria  de  la  Candelaria  Gonzales.     Will.  1750. 

Antonio  Dominguez  to  Phelipe  Garduiio,  1750. 

Julian  Rael  to  Francisco  Trujillo.    1750. 

Micaela  Vasquez,  heirs  of.     Partition  of  lands.     1750. 

Maria  de  Roibal  and  Josef  de  Riaiio,  her  son.  Parti- 
tion of  lands.     1750. 

Juan  Tomas  Lobato  to  Pedro  Antonio  Truxillo.     1750. 

Title  deed  in  favor  of  Miguel  Laso  de  la  Vega. 

Manuel  Thenorio  (de  Alva). 

Juan  Montes  Vigil. 

There  was  a  grant,  Reported  No.  38,  known  as  the 
"Ramon  Vigil."  This  grant  is  west  of  the  Rio  Grande 
and  on  the  north  for  a  short  distance  adjoins  the  San 
Ildefonso  Puehlo  Grant.  The  grant  was  confirmed  June 
21,  1860,  and  was  patented,  April  9,  1908. 

Santiago  de  Roibal. 

Ignacio  de  Roibal. 

Miguel  Dominguez,  Destierro,  1750. 

Francisco  de  Anaya  to  Theresa  Thenorio.     1751. 

Manuel  de  Beitia  to  Salvador  Casillas.     1751. 

Domingo  de  Benavides  to  Antonio  Dominguez.     1751. 

Manuel  Vaca  to  Josepha  Montoya.     1751. 


Don  Juan  Antonio  de  Vizarron  y  Eguiarreta 
Viceroy  of  Mexico,  1734-40 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  321 

Phelipe  Nerio  Sisneros  to  Manuel  Gallegos.     1751. 
Isidro  Montoya,  Carta  Segura  in  favor  of  his  minors,  on 
account  of  the  death  of  Manuela  Silva.     1751. 

Sebastian  de  Vargas  to  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo.  1751. 

Antonio  Tafoya  to  Luis  Febro.     1751. 

Phelipe  Rodriguez  to  Manuel  Lopez.     1751. 

Manuel  Trujillo,  heirs  of;  partition  of  estate.     1751. 

Juana  Sisneros  to  Juan  de  Chaves.     1751. 

Andres  Montoya  to  Francisco  Nieto.     1751. 

Juan  Antonio  Flores  to  Nicolas  Moran.     1751. 

Jose  Romo  de  Vera  to  Maria  Francisca  de  Sena.    1751. 

Catalina  Duran.     Inventory  of  her  estate.     1751. 

Cayetano  Pasote.     Cause  against.     1751. 

Joseph  Romo.     Embargo  and  other  proceedings.     1751. 

Maria  Diega  Gardmlo.     Inventory  of  her  estate.     1751. 

IMiguel  de  la  Vega  de  Coca.     Will  and  inventory.    1751. 

Deed  in  favor  of  Santiago  de  Roybal.     1752, 

Marcial  Samora  to  Melchora  de  Sandoval.     1752. 

Tomas  Holguin  to  Cristobal  INladrid.     1752. 

Juan  Geronimo  de  Samano.     Will  and  inventory.    1752. 

Geronimo  de  Ortega.     Proceedings  in  the  matter  of  his 

Minors,  1752. 

1085  MANUEL  ARMIJO,  Political  Chief. 

Correspondence  relating  to  the  palace.     1827. 

Two  letters  from  ]\Ianuel  Armijo,  jefe  politico,  to  Don 
Agustin  Duran,  comisario  suhstituto,  relative  to  the  occu- 
pation of  the  "Palace"  by  Colonel  Narbona. 

1086  PEOPLE  of  SANTO  DOMINGO  de  CUNDIYO. 

Petition  for  the  establishment  of  a  church.  1754.  Not 
granted.     Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  Governor. 

1087  JUAN  DE  OnATE.    Honorary  Title,  etc.  Copy.  1761. 

"Don  Felipe,  by  the  grace  of  God,  King  of  Castile,  of 
Aragon,  of  the  Sicilies,  of  Jerusalem,  of  Portugal,  of 
Granada,  of  Toledo,  of  Valencia,  of  Galecia,  Mayoria,  Sev- 
illa,  of  Yerdina,  Cordova,  Coreega,  Murrisa,  Jaen,  Algar- 
bes,  of  Algesira  Gibraltar,  Canary  Islands,  East  and 
West  Indies,  Islands,  and  Tierra  Firma  of  the  Ocean, 
Arch-duque  of  Austria,  Duque  of  Borgora  and  Milan, 
Count  of  Traspur  Flanders,  and  Tirol,  of  Barcelona, 
Lord  of  Viscaya  and  Molisa,  etc.,  etc. 

"Whereas,  the  viceroy,  Don  Louis  of  Velasco,  by  vir- 
tue of  a  decree  of  the  King,  my  Lord  —  may  he  live  in 
glory  —  entered  in  to  an  agreement  and  capitulation  with 


322  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Don  Juan  de  Onate,  relative  to  the  discovery,  pacifica- 
tion  and   settlement   of   the   provinces   of   New   Mexico, 
which  is  in  New  Spain,  and  among  other  things  he  grant- 
ed to  him  what  is  contained  in  one  of  the  chapters  or  in- 
structions of  new  discoveries  and  settlements  of  the  In- 
dies, wiiich  is  as  follows:     'To  those  who  bind  themselves 
to  form  said  settlements,  and  shall  have  done  the  same, 
and  shall  have  complied  with  the  agreement,  in  honor  of 
their  own  persons  and  their  descendants  and  of  them  as 
first  settlers,  laudable  memory  may    remain,    we    make 
them  and  their  legitimate  descendants  Hijosdalgos  of  the 
lands  owned  by  them,  in  order  that  in  the  settlement  es- 
tablished by  them,  and  in  any  other  part  of  the  Indies 
they  may  be  Hijosdalgos  and  persons  of  noble  lineage 
and  Lord  paramount,  and  as  such  they  shall  be  known 
held  and  considered,  and  enjoy  all  the  honors  and  pre- 
eminences,  and  may   do   all   things  that  noblemen   and 
gentlemen  of  the  Kingdom  of  Castile  can  do,  according 
to  the  privileges,  laws  and  customs  of  Spain,  should  or 
ought  to  do  and  enjoy.     And  in  behalf  of  the  said  Juan 
de  Oilate,  I  have  been  requested  to  grant  him  the  grace 
to  command  him  to  approve,  notwithstanding  the  modera- 
tion which  the  Duque  of  Monterey  used  relative  thereto, 
and  published  by  him,  my  Council  of  the  Indies,  I  have 
thought  proper  that  the  said  prerogatives  should  be  un- 
derstood to  continue  during  the  time  occupied  in  said 
conquest,  for  five  years,  and  if  the  said  conquerors  should 
terminate  the  conquest  thereof  before  the  expiration  of  the 
five  years,  they,  their  sons,  and  descendants  shall  enjoy 
the  said  prerogatives  as  herein  set  forth.     And  I  do  here- 
by command  that  all  who  may  have  gone  and  shall  go  on 
the  said  conquest,  pacification  and  settlement,  according 
to,  and  in  conformity  with,  the  provisions  of  the  said 
chapter,  and  shall  continue  in  the  conquest  for  five  years ; 
and  those  who  shall  prosecute  the  same  who  should  die 
before  the  expiration  of  five  years,  there  shall  be  reserved 
and  secured  unto  their  sons  and  descendants  all  the  pre- 
eminences and  prerogatives,  exemptions,  and  liberties  as 
aforesaid  in  conformity  to,  and  as  is  granted  and  con- 
ferred upon  them  in  the  said  chapter,  entirely  and  com- 
pletely, failing  in  nothing,  and  charge  the  Infantes,  Pre- 
lates, Duques,  ]\Iarquises,   Counts,  Nobles,  Subjects  and 
Priors  of  Royal  Orders,  Prefects,  Alcaldes  of  the  Castiles, 
houses  surounded  with  a  moat,  and  country  houses  (easas 
fuertes  y  lanas),  and  those  of  my  Councils,  Presidents, 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  323 

Judges,  Alcaldes  and  High  Constables  of  my  household 
and  court,  and  chancery,  to  my  Viceroys  and  Governors, 
and  to  all  of  my  authorities  and  Judges,  as  well  as  those 
of  the  Indies  and  Tierra  Firma  of  the  Ocean,  and  other 
persons  of  whatever  condition  or  quality,  to  observe  and 
comply,  and  to  have  obeyed  and  executed  this  my  fran- 
chise and  grace,  confirmed  to  the  aforesaid,  without  re- 
stricting or  increasing  nor  consent  to  any  infraction  of 
the  contents  of  this  my  determination,  which  I  desire  and 
it  is  my  will  that  it  shall  have  the  force  of  law  as  though 
it  had  been  decreed  and  promulgated  in  court,  and  it  be 
published  in  all  proper  parts  and  places. 

'Given  at  San  Lorenzo,  on  the  8th  day  of  July,  1602. 

(Signed)  "  'I,  the  King 
'Laguna,  Armenteros,  Doc.  Eugenio  de  Salazar,  Bena- 
bente  de  Venavides,  Louis  de  Salcedo.     By  order  of  the 
King,  my  Lord.     Juan  de  Ibarra.     Recorded,  Gabriel  de 
Ochoa,    Chancellor,    Sebastian   de  la   Vega. 


'<  «, 


<  £■ 


' '  ACT  OF  AUDIENCE 


''In  the  City  of  Mexico,  June  20,  1604,  the  President 
and  Judge  of  the  Royal  Audience  of  New  Spain  being 
present  at  the  session,  also  the  Mariscal  de  Campo,  Vicente 
de  Saldivar,  presented  the  Royal  decree  governing  to  the 
opposite  party  and  asked  that  it  be  compiled  with;  and 
being  seen  by  the  said  Audience,  they  obeyed  the  same 
with  all  reverence  and  respects,  and  replied  that  it  should 
be  observed  and  complied  with,  and  executed  in  all  its 
parts  as  His  Majesty  commanded ;  and  this  it  was  record- 
ed as  their  act,  and  they  approved  the  same  by  placing 
their  rubric  thereto  in  my  presence. 

(Signed)  "Cristobal  Orosio." 

1088  PROCLAMATION  requiring  Obedience  to  the  new 
Spanish  Constitution  of  1820. 

Letter  from  Facundo  ]\Ielgares,  Governor. 

1089  DOCUMENT  relating  to  Military  Matters. 

1090  JOSE  RAMON  ALARID. 

Grant.  1824.  At  a  place  called  El  Cerrito.  Cuatro 
labores  que  estan  inmediatos  a  la  labor  de  la  Cuesta. 
Grant  made  by  the  Deputacion  Provincial.  The  grantees 
are:  Jose  Ramon  Alarid,  Roman  Garcia,  Julian  Garcia, 
Severiano  Sanchez,  Juan  Ignacio  Rodriguez,  Jose  Tenorio, 


324  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Alejandro  Sais,  Juan  Cristobal  Garcia,  Isidro  Flores, 
Pablo  Borrego,  Francisco  Salas,  Jose  Rodriguez,  Benito 
Urtado,  Eusebio  Garcia. 

This  document  purports  to  be  a  copy  of  the  original 
certified  by  Francisco  Lopez,  probate  judge  of  San 
Miguel  county,  and  dated  March  12,  1855. 

1091  LIST  of  GOVERNORS  of  New  Mexico  from  1770  to 
1840. 

1092  REPAIRS  on  Barracks,  Santa  Fe,  1810. 

1093  REPAIRS  ON  OLD  PALACE,  1841. 

1094  DOCUMENT  (Imperfect)  relating  to  property  in  the 
hands  of  Officials.    No  date. 

1095  LIST  of  Heads  of  Families  in  seventh  demarcation, 
San  Miguel  county,  August  3,  1855. 

1096  JUAN  DE  DIOS  MAESE  and  Others. 

Grant  at  Las  Vegas.  1835.  Certified  copy  by  Francisco 
Lopez,  Probate  Judge  of  8an  Miguel  County.     1855. 

1097  INVENTORY  of  PAPERS  of  ARCHIVES  in  the  Of- 
fice of  the  Secretary  of  Government  and  War,  1715. 
Fourteen  pages.    Very  interesting. 

1098  EL  MARQUES  de  ALTAMIRA,  Mexico.    1750. 

Relating  to  re-settlement  of  the  country  north  and  north- 
west of  Santa  Fe.    Don  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  Governor. 

1099  PEDRO  DE  NAVA,  Chihuahua,  1798. 

Relating  to  soldiery. 

1100  PROCEEDINGS  and  Order  in  Relation  to  the  re-set- 
tlement of  Ahiquiu.     1750. 

Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  Governor. 

1101  MINING  REGULATIONS,  1795.  Pedro  de  Nava. 
Manuel  Merino. 

1102  PAPERS  relating  to  the  PALACE,  Santa  Fe,  1827. 

Correspondence  relative  to  the  "Palace." 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  325 

1103  TIERRA  AMARILLA  GRANT,  1832. 

Report  of  Committee  of  Territorial  Deputation  in  relation 
to  the  same.     Martinez,  Tenorio,  Ortiz. 

1104  SETTLEMENT  OF  LANDS  desired  by  the  govern- 
ment. 

Circular  letter  on  this  subject  to  the  Alcaldes  of  the  Ter- 
ritory. Santa  Fe,  1815.  Alberto  Maynez.  Socorro  is 
mentioned. 

The  laws  of  the  Indies  relative  to  towns  and  communities 
are  quite  interesting  and  give  some  light  on  how  these 
municipalities  were  founded  and  governed. 

The  governors  and  captains-general  had  the  power  to 
appoint  in  the  cities  or  towns  in  their  districts  lieutenants ; 
these  bore  the  title  of  lieutenant-governor. 

Contracts  were  made  with  individuals  for  the  founding 
of  towns;  if  the  locality  where  the  proposed  town  was  to 
be  built  was  found  suitable  for  Spaniards,  with  a  council 
of  alcaldes  of  ordinary  jurisdiction  and  aldermen,  and  a 
person  desired  to  found  a  town,  then  he  was  obliged  to 
make  a  contract  conditioned  "that  within  the  term  which 
shall  be  fixed  for  him,  he  have  at  least  thirty  persons,  and 
each  one  of  them  a  house,  ten  breeding  cows,  four  oxen, 
or  two  oxen  and  two  yearlings,  one  brood  mare,  one  breed- 
ing sow,  twenty  Castilian  breeding  ewes,  and  six  hens  and 
one  cock;  he  shall  also  appoint  a  priest  to  administer  the 
Holy  Sacraments,  who  shall  be  chosen  by  him  the  first 
time  and  thereafter  shall  be  subject  to  our  Royal  Patron- 
age; and  he  shall  provide  the  church  with  the  ornaments 
and  articles  for  divine  worship,  and  he  shall  give  bond 
to  comply  therewith  within  said  time ;  and  if  he  does  not 
comply  therewith  he  shall  lose  all  that  he  may  bave  built, 
cultivated  or  earned,  which  we  will  apply  to  our  Royal 
Patrimony,  and  he  shall  also  incur  the  penalty  of  one 
thousand  dollars  in  gold  for  our  Chamber ;  and  if  he  com- 
plies with  his  obligation,  four  leagues  in  boundary  and 
territory,  in  a  square  or  oblong,  according  to  the  quality 
of  the  land,  may  be  given  him,  in  such  manner  that,  if  it 
be  surveyed,  the  four  leagues  be  in  a  square,  with  the  con- 
dition that  the  boundaries  of  said  territory  be  at  least  five 
leagues  distant  from  any  city,  town  or  place  of  Spaniards 
*  previously  settled,  and  that  it  cause  no  prejudice  to  any 
Indian  town  or  private  person." 

The  children  and  relatives  of  settlers  also  were  to  be 
considered  as  settlers  under  certain  conditions;  i.  e.  "that 


326  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

they  have  distinct  and  separate  houses  and  families  and 
are  married." 

The  person  who  undertook  to  found  a  city  was  com- 
pelled to  make  contracts  with  each  individual  settler  and 
in  doing  so  the  contractor  obligated  himself  to  give,  in 
the  town  designated,  lots  for  building  purposes,  pasture 
and  farming  lands  to  the  extent  of  as  many  peonias  and 
cahallerias  as  each  one  of  the  settlers  shall  obligate  him- 
self to  build  upon ;  provided,  it  did  not  exceed  more  than 
five  peonias  or  more  than  three  cahallerias  for  each  settler, 
according  to  the  distinction,  difference,  and  measurement 
prescribed  in  the  laws  of  the  title  on  the  distribution  of 
lands,  lots,  and  waters. 

A  caballeria  consisted  of  105.75  acres  of  land. 

The  person  contracting  to  make  a  new  settlement  of  a 
town,  city,  or  colony  secured  the  civil  and  criminal  juris- 
diction, in  the  first  instance,  for  the  days  of  his  life  and 
for  those  of  a  son  or  heir;  he  also  received  authority  to 
appoint  alcaldes  of  ordinary  jurisdiction,  aldermen,  and 
other  officers  of  the  council  of  the  town ;  and  in  cases  ap- 
pealed the  causes  went  before  a  chief  alcalde,  or  the 
audiencia  in  the  district  wherein  the  settlement  or  town 
was  made. 

Viceroys,  audiencias,  and  governors  had  no  authority  to 
grant  city  or  town  titles.  See  book  iv,  title  viii,  law 
vi,  Laivs  of  the  Indies.  "We  order  that,  for  no  cause  or 
reason,  the  Viceroys,  Audiencias,  Governors,  or  any  other 
officers  of  the  Indies,  however  high  they  may  be,  give  city 
or  town  titles  to  any  of  the  towns  or  places  of  Spaniards 
or  Indians,  and  that  they  do  not  exempt  them  from  the 
jurisdiction  of  their  principal  provincial  capitals;  with 
the  understanding  that  they  will  be  held  responsible  at 
their  places  of  residence,  because  this  favor  and  power 
must  be  asked  of  our  Council  of  the  Indies,  and  we  de- 
clare as  void  the  titles  which,  in  contravention  of  the  con- 
tents of  this  law,  shall  be  given  to  any  towns  or  places; 
and  in  regard  to  new  towns  or  settlements,  the  provisions 
of  law  shall  be  observed." 

1105  RELATING  to  a  House  belonging  to  the  Government 

in  Santa  Fe.    1733. 

Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor.  Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  Al- 
calde. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  327 

1106  MUNICIPAL  ORDINANCES  for  the  Cities  and 
Towns  of  New  Mexico  prescribed  by  the  Departmental 
Assembly,  1846. 

1107  PRINTED  COPY  of  the  Colonization  Law  of  1823. 

1108  TRINIDAD  BARCELO. 

Letter  to  the  government  in  relation  to  mining  matters, 
1846. 

1109  TRANSLATION  of  a  newspaper  article  on  New 
Mexico. 

1110  COMMISSIONS  of  the  Captains-General  of  New 
Mexico,  1713-1715. 

1111  LIST  of  Heads  of  Families  in  the  11th  demarcation 
of  San  Miguel  county,  1855. 

1112  IGNACIO  SANCHEZ  VERGARA,  1813. 

Asks  whether  an  Indian  may  sell  land  acquired  by  pur- 
chase. No  final  action  by  Governor.  Jose  Manrique, 
Governor. 

Letter  from  Ignacio  Sanchez  Vergara  to  Lieutenant-Col- 
onel Jose  INIanrique,  governor  of  New  Mexico,  stating  that 
an  Indian  woman,  who  was  a  native  of  the  pueblo  of  Zia, 
had  negotiated  a  sale  of  a  piece  of  land  which  she  owned 
at  San  Isidro,  and  which  her  husband,  then  deceased,  had 
bought  of  a  citizen  of  that  place ;  that  the  party  who 
proposed  to  buy  the  land  from  her  was  willing  that  the 
woman  should  name  an  appraiser,  and  he  desired  that 
the  value  of  the  land  be  fixed  so  that  he  could  pay  for  it ; 
that  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  owner  of  the  land  was  an 
Indian,  Sanchez  (who  was  probably  an  alcalde  at  that 
time)  thought  it  necessary  to  lay  the  matter  before  the 
governor  in  order  that  the  latter  might  direct  him  how 
to  proceed  in  the  premises. 

Immediately  following  the  letter,  and  on  the  same  sheet 
(as  was  the  custom  at  that  date — 1813),  is  a  rough  draft 
of  the  governor's  reply.  He  informs  Sanchez  that  no  ac- 
tion could  be  taken  in  the  matter  until  the  future  decision 
of  the  governor. 

1113  S.  W.  KEARNY,  Brigadier  General. 

Proclamation,  1846. 


328  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

1114  SAN  CAELOS,  New  settlement  of,  on  the  Nepeste 

River  (Arkansas). 

Official  letter  in  relation  thereto  from  Jaeobo  Ugarte  y 
Loyola,  dated  Arispe,  January  22,  1788,  to  Fernando  de 
la  Concha,  Governor. 

This  is  a  report  to  Governor  Fernando  de  la  Concha 
relative  to  a  settlement  on  the  Nepeste  (Arkansas)  by  the 
Cumanche  Lieutenant-General  Paruanarimuco.  January 
22,  1788. 

Refers  to  the  establishment  of  a  town  on  the  Arkansas 
river  composed  of  Cumanches,  who  had  been  aided  by  the 
Spaniards  in  making  a  permanent  settlement  there. 

1115  RELATING  to  the  disposition  of  the  fees  received  by 
the  alcaldes  for  giving  possession  of  lands. 

1116  SETTLEMENT  of  TECOLOTE.    1838. 

Proceedings,  etc.  Also  list  of  names  and  quantity  of  land 
given  to  each  settler. 

1117  PEDRO  DE  CHAVES,  Alcalde  de  San  Agustin  de 

Isleta.    1714. 

Acknowledgement  of  receipt  of  an  order  from  the  Gover- 
nor. 

It  is  stated  that  there  were  no  ''estufas"  or  subter- 
ranean rooms  in  the  pueblo  of  Isleta. 

1118  RELATING  to  the  Removal  of  the  Capitol  to  a  place 
between  Santo  Domingo  and  Cochiti,  etc. 

Galindo  Navarro,  Arispe,  1781.     Antonio  Bonilla. 

1119  ALAMEDA. 

Question  of  boundaries  between  the  Garcias  and  the 
Tafoyas.     Settled  by  a  suit  of  conciliation,  1827. 

Jose  Alejandro  Santistievan,  Alcalde.  Manuel  Armijo 
Governor. 

1120  ROYAL  ORDERS.    Copies  received  in  Neiv  Mexico, 
1813.    Fernando  VII  and  Cortes. 

1121  RELATING  to  the  Old  Palace  in  Santa  Fe. 

Manuel  Armijo,  Governor. 

1122  VENTURA  de  MESTAS  and  ANTONIO  de  MES- 
TAS.    1767. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  329 

Compromise  in  the  matter  of  the  partition  of  their  lands 
in  Chama.  Francisco  Guerrero,  Alcalde.  Tomas  Velez 
Cachupin,  Governor.     Manuel  Garcia  Pareja,  Alcalde. 

1123  SAN  MIGUEL  del  BADO.    Ayimtamiento. 

Communication  in  relation  to  the  establishment  of  a  town 
in  a  proper  place  to  afford  a  defense  against  hostile  In- 
dians.   1832. 

The  members  of  the  ayiintamiento  of  San  Miguel  del 
Bado  (Vado)  February  8,  1832,  were  :  Jose  Ulibarri,  presi- 
dente;  Vicente  Ribera,  first  alderman;  Vicente  Romero, 
second  alderman;  Juan  Estevan  Sena,  third  alderman; 
Matias,  fourth  alderman ;  Jose  Miguel  Sanchez,  secretary. 

1124  NEW  MEXICO :  Boundaries  of. 

Order  of  the  Viceroy  to  establish  the  same.     Mexico,  1682. 

1125  DEPARTMENTAL    ASSEMBLY    from    January, 
1846,  to  February  12,  1846. 

Grant  of  land  made  to  petitioners  at  place  called  Chaper- 
ito. 

1126  PRINTED  COPY  of  Colonization  law  of  August  18tli, 
1824. 

1127  PRINTED  COPY  of  law  relating  to  the  examination 
of  surveyors.    Mexico,  1834. 

1128  FRANCISCO  G.  CONDE.    1845. 

Letter  to  the  Governor  of  the  Department  in  relation  to  the 
settlements  made  by  foreigners  on  the  frontier. 

1129  ABIQUIU,  CHAMA,  and  SOLEDAD. 

Re-settlement  of  said  places.  1751.  El  Conde  de  Revilla- 
gigedo,  Viceroy.     Joseph  de  Gorraez,  Asesor. 

1130  JUAN  ARMIJO,  Alcalde.     1821. 

Religious  question. 

1131  JOSE  FRANCISCO  SENA.    Galisteo.    1844. 

Pasturage  of  sheep  in  the  common  lands  of  Galisteo.  Not 
permitted. 

1132  MANUEL  ALVAREZ. 

Petition  for  naturalization.    1825. 


330  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

1133  FEINTED  COPY  of  the  Royal  Order  of  1813  in  the 
matter  of  reducing  the  pubHc  lands  to  private  own- 
ership. 

Letter  of  Alejo  Garcia  Conde,  transmitting  the  same  to 
the  Governor  of  New  Mexico.    1821. 

1134  FRAGMENT  of  Proceedings  of  the  Departmental  As- 
sembly.   No  date. 

1135  PRINTED  COPY  of  law  defining  the  term  "finca 
rustica,"  Mexico,  1836. 

"Bajo  la  denominacion  de  fincas  rusficas  a  que  se  eontrae 
la  ley  de  5  de  Julio  ultimo,  se  comprende  toda  propiedad 
rural  con  el  nombre  de  hacienda,  rancho,  huerta  u  otro 
nombre  semajante,  cualquiera  que  sea  su  ubieacion  dentro 
6  fuera  de  las  poblaciones,  con  casa  6  sin  ella  cuyas  frutas 
pertenescan  a  la  agricultura,  ecepto  aquellas  sitios  en 
poblado  ciue  se  cultiven  por  mero  recreo,  sin  especial  util- 
idad  del  propietario. " 

1136  INVENTORY  of  ARCHIVES  of  the  Cabildo  of 
Santa  Fe.    1715.    As  follows : 

Lorenzo  Rodriguez.  Donation  of  half  a  fanega  of  corn 
planting  land  in  the  lands  of  Maria  de  Tapia.  May  2, 
1704. 

Juan  de  IMestas.  Grant  of  the  San  Buenaventura  rancho 
at  Pojoaque,  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero.  December 
9,  1699. 

Diego  Marquez  de  Ayala.  Grant  at  or  near  Santa  Fe 
by  Juan  Ignacio  Flores  Mogollon.    March  11,  1713. 

Francisco  Martin.  Grant  on  the  south  side  of  the  Rio  de 
Santa  Fe  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero.  March  6,  1703. 

IMaria  Zapata.  Grant  by  Diego  de  Vargas  to  Captain 
Jose  Telles  Jiron  and  confirmed  to  her  husband.  Captain 
Diego  de  Medina,  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  De- 
cember 28,  1698.  The  grant  comprises  three  tracts,  one  at 
Santa  Fe,  one  called  San  Martin,  on  the  Rio  del  Norte, 
and  one  called  San  Pahlo. 

Ana  IMaria  Romero.  Testimonio  of  grant  by  the  Mar- 
ques de  la  Nava  Brazinas.  November  27,  1703.  On 
October  1,  1699,  Maria  Cabello  made  donation  of  this  tract 
to  Pedro  de  Abila. 

Sebastian  JNIartin,  captain.  Grant  by  the  Marques  de  la 
Penuela,  May  23,  1712,  confirming  that  made  by  the  Mar- 


THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  331 

ques  de  la  Nava  de  Brazinas.  Situate  between  San  Juan 
and  Embudo. 

Petronila  Ciibero.  Grant  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez 
Cubero,  May  10,  1700. 

Diego  Duran.  Grant  of  house  and  lot  by  Juan  Ignaeio 
Flores  Mogollon;  also  a  tract  of  agricultural  land,  both 
situate  in  Santa  Fe.    August  29,  1713. 

Jose  Trujillo,  captain.  Grant  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez 
Cubero,  December  29,  1700.  Lands  formerly  belonging  to 
Francisco  Jimenez  and  Ambrosio  Saenz.  Situate  at  the 
Mesa  of  San  IJdefonso.  Grant  b^^  the  same  on  April  23, 
1700,  of  pasture  lands  in  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Villa 
Nueva  de  la  Santa  Cruz.  Grant  by  Don  Francisco  Cuerbo 
y  Valdez,  May  23,  1707.  Small  spring  on  the  road  be- 
tween Nambe  and  the  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz  de  la 
Canada. 

Juan  Trujillo.  Grant.  [Tom  to  pieces.]  Tract  of 
land  near  the  Pojoaque  river,  sold  to  him  by  Sebastian  de 
Salas.     Testimonio  of  sale  made  on  October  19,  1701. 

Juan  Trujillo.  Grant  to  Francisco  de  Anaya  of  a  tract 
of  land  called  San  Isidro,  between  Cuyamungue  and  Ja- 
cona,  November  27,  1699,  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cu- 
bero. Sold  by  him  to  Sebastian  de  Cansua,  son-in-law  of 
Anaya,  it  ha\dng  belonged  to  ]\Iaria  de  Anaya,  his  wife. 

Ignaeio  de  Roibal,  captain.  Grant  of  house  and  lands  in 
Santa  Fe  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  February  15, 
1698. 

Grant,  the  place  of  Jacona,  the  surplus  of  the  grant  to 
Captain  Jacinto  Pelaez,  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero, 
October  2,  1702. 

Grant  of  a  piece  of  land,  which,  before  the  revolution, 
belonged  to  the  maestro  de  campo,  Francisco  Gomez  Rob- 
ledo.  The  land  consisted  of  five  fanegas  of  wheat  land, 
about  a  quarter  of  a  league  below  the  city  of  Santa  Fe. 
Grant  made  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  May  4,  1698. 

Mateo  Trujillo.  Grant  of  half  a  fanega  of  corn  land  by 
the  Marques  de  la  Nava  de  Brazinas,  April  7,  1695.  to 
Getrudis  de  Barrera  y  Sandoval.  Situate  in  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  Canada.  Sold  to  Trujillo  by  the  grantee.  Also 
a  grant  of  agricultural  and  pasture  land  on  the  other  side 
of  the  Rio  del  Norte  between  Santa  Clara  and  San  Ildc- 
fonzo,  November  29,  1700.  He  also  presented  a  grant  made 
by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  on  October  6,  1698,  to 
Juan  de  la  Mora  Pineda,  at  a  place  called  Las  Cuevas,  on 
the  Canada  de  San  Cristoval  in  the  jurisdiction  of  Villa 
Nueva. 


332  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Isabel  Gonzales,  widow  of  Juan  de  Archuleta.  Grant  of 
a  raneho  in  the  jurisdiction  of  La  Canada,  formerly  be- 
longing to  Pedro  de  la  Cruz,  made  by  the  Marquez  de  la 
Nava  de  Brazinas  to  Manuel  Vallejo,  on  April  6,  1695. 
This  was  sold  by  the  said  Vallejo  to  Isabel  Gonzales. 

Also  a  grant  made  to  Tomas  .  .  .  de  Tegeda  of  a 
tract  of  land  formerly  belonging  to  Alonzo  del  Rio,  granted 
on  April  6,  1695.    Sold  to  Isabella  Gonzales. 

Also  grant  made  to  Juan  de  Archuleta,  husband  of  Isa- 
bel Gonzales,  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero  on  June  12, 
1698,  being  a  ranclw  of  eight  fanegas  of  wheat  land  adjoin- 
ing the  lands  of  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan. 

Cristobal  de  Torres,  ensign.  Grant  of  lands  on  the  Bio 
del  Norte  adjoining  the  Pajarito  Tract,  made  by  the  Mar- 
ques de  la  Nava  de  Brazinas  on  May  15,  1695,  and  a  rati- 
fication of  the  same  by  the  Marques  de  la  Penuela  on 
August  11,  1711. 

Also  a  grant  made  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero  on 
January  22,  1699,  of  a  tract  of  land  on  the  Rio  del  Norte, 
formerly  belonging  to  Sargento  jNIayor  Ambrosio  Saenz. 

Baltazar  Trujillo.  Grant  of  four  fanegas  of  land  that 
formerly  belonging  to  the  widow  of  Archuleta,  in  the  val- 
ley of  Taos.  Made  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  Sep- 
tember 19,  1702. 

Cristobal  Jaramillo,  ensign.  Resident  of  Alburquerque. 
Petition  that  possession  be  given  him  of  a  house  and  lands 
that  formerly  belonged  to  Doiia  Luisa  Trujillo.  Possession 
given  February  20,  1706. 

Antonio  Barela.  Petition  on  August  10,  1707,  to  Captain 
Martin  Hurtado,  chief  alcalde  of  Alburquerque,  ask- 
ing that  possession  be  given  him  of  the  lands  that  were 
given  him  at  the  time  that  said  town  was  settled.  Possession 
was  given  by  the  alcalde. 

Juan  de  Archuleta.  Grant  made  by  Don  Pedro  Rodri- 
guez Cubero  on  February  27.  1699,  of  half  a  fanega  of  ag- 
ricultural land  at  Santa  Fe,  the  boundaries  being  the  lands 
of  "Old"  Lucero,  Miguel  Moran,  Pedro  Lujan,  and  Maria 
de  la  Encamacion. 

Juan  Paez  Hurtado.  Grant  by  Don  Diego  de  Vargas 
Zapata  Lujan  Ponce  de  Leon,  on  March  3,  1704,  of  the 
surplus  lands  between  the  pueblos  of  Pojoaque  and  Nambe, 
bounded  by  the  lands  of  Juan  and  Carlos  Lopez. 

Baltazar  Romero.  Grant  by  the  Marquez  de  la  Penuela 
on  September  15,  1707,  of  house  and  lands  formerly  be- 
longing to  Doiia  Isabel  Ilolguin.  Salvador  Martinez  had 
an  interest  in  the  irrigable  lands. 


THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  333 

Juan  Gonzales,  captain.  Resident  of  Bernalillo.  Grant 
made  to  IVIaria  Barbara  Lujan  by  the  Marques  de  la  Nava 
de  Brazinas  on  March  21,  1696,  of  a  tract  of  land  on  the 
Rio  del  Norte,  said  land  having  belonged  to  Estevan  Barba, 
he  having  purchased  the  same  before  the  revolution. 

Also  a  grant  of  the  puehlo  of  Puara,  made  December  31, 
1711.  Also  a  confirmation  of  the  grant  of  the  deserted 
puehlo  of  Alameda,  made  by  Don  Juan  Ignacio  Flores  Mo- 
gollon,  said  confirmation  being  made  in  view  of  the  land 
having  been  given  or  sold  to  him  by  Francisco  Montes 
Vigil,  to  whom  it  had  been  granted  by  the  Marques  de  la 
Penuela. 

Cristobal  Barela.  Resident  of  Bernalillo.  Grant  at  the 
town  of  Alburquerque  of  a  tract  of  land  granted  to  him  by 
Captain  Martin  Hurtado,  chief  alcalde,  bounded  on  the 
west  by  the  Bio  del  Norte,  south  by  lands  of  Lorenzo  Car- 
bajal,  and  north  by  lands  of  Antonio  Gutierrez. 

Pedro  Lopez.  Grant  of  a  tract  of  land  on  the  Rio  del 
Norte  called  San  Nicolas  opposite  the  agricultural  lands  of 
Atrisco  and  on  the  edge  of  the  Esteros  de  Mexia.  Granted 
by  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  on  March  4,  1695.  Also  a  con- 
firmation of  the  same  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero  on 
August  26,  1698. 

Sebastian  Gonzales.  Grant  of  two  fanegas  of  wheat  land 
up  the  river  from  Santa  Fe,  by  the  Marques  de  la  Nava  de 
Brazinas  on  January  18,  1704.  Also  a  grant  of  a  piece  of 
land  of  half  a  fanega  by  the  Marques  de  la  Nava  de  Bra- 
zinas on  March  12.  1695.  Confirmation  of  the  same  by  the 
Marques  de  la  Penuela,  August  27, 1707. 

Melehora  de  los  Reyes.  Grant  of  lands  in  the  Canada 
.  to  her  husband,  Luis  IMartin,  by  Don  Pedro 
Rodriguez  Cubero,  on  June  25,  1700.  Also  a  grant  in  the 
Canada  ...  by  the  Marques  de  la  Penuela  on 
December  23,  1711.  Confirmation  of  the  same  by  the  Mar- 
ques de  la  Penuela,  May  4,  1712. 

Luis  Garcia.  Grant  of  a  tract  of  land  called  Sa7i  An- 
tonio, on  the  Rio  del  Norte,  formerly  the  property  of  his 
grandfather,  to  the  maestro  de  campo,  Alonzo  Garcia,  by 
the  Marques  de  la  Penuela,  August  30,  1704. 

Pedro  Montes  Vigil.  Grant  of  lands  on  the  Tesuque 
river  above  the  rancho  of  the  Gomez,  by  Don  Juan  Ignacio 
Flores  Mogollon.    November  10,  1713. 

Jacinto  Sanchez,  captain.  Grant  in  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  new  town  of  Santa  Cruz,  made  to  Silvestre  Pacheco  on 
March  3,  1704,  by  the  IMarques  de  la  Nava  de  Brazinas. 

Juan  Garcia  de  las  Rivas,  captain.       Grant  of  three 


334  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

fanegas  of  corn  land  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rio  de  Santa 
Fe,  made  to  Captain  iMiguel  Garcia,  his  father,  by  Don 
Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero.  Also  grant  of  the  abandoned 
pueblo  of  San  Marcos,  by  the  Marques  de  la  Penuela  on 
February  12,  1712. 

Simon  Nieto.  Grant  of  a  tract  of  land  one  league  from 
the  pueblo  of  Galisteo,  made  to  his  father,  Cristobal  Nieto, 
by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  on  January  20,  1700. 

Luis  Lopez.  Grant  of  lands  in  the  Canada  de  Chimayo 
adjoining  the  lands  of  Francisco  Martin,  made  on  Decem- 
ber 10,  1706,  by  Don  Francisco  Cuerbo  y  Valdez. 

Maria  de  Tapia,  a  widow.  Grant  of  lands  on  the  other 
side  of  the  Rio  de  Santa  Fe,  formerly  belonging  to  Fer- 
nando Martin,  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  on  Jan- 
uary 30,  1702. 

Jose  Manuel  Giltomey.  Grant  of  uncultivated  lands  on 
the  other  side  of  the  Rio  de  Santa  Fe,  by  Don  Francisco 
Cuerbo,  August  27,  1706. 

Ale  jo  Martin.  Resident  of  Santa  Cruz.  Donation  of  a 
rancho  made  to  himself  and  his  brothers,  Antonio  and 
Maria  Martin,  by  Captain  Luis  Martin,  on  July  19,  1700. 

Also  partition  of  lands  made  by  Juan  Arguello  on  Oc- 
tober 5,  1704,  before  Captain  Nicolas  Ortiz,  chief  al- 
calde of  the  Villa  Nueva. 

Petition  of  himself  and  Felipe  de  Aratia  to  the  Mar- 
ques de  la  Penuela  on  account  of  a  suit  and  claim  of  An- 
tonio and  Fernando  Martin. 

Donation  of  a  piece  of  land  at  the  rancho  which  he 
owns  on  the  Rio  del  Norte  above  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan, 
dated  June  12,  1712. 

Petition  to  the  Marques  de  la  Penuela  praying  that 
Juan  Roque  Gutierrez,  chief  alcalde  of  La  Canada,  be 
directed  to  give  possession  to  the  persons  to  whom  Captain 
Sebastian  Martin  has  made  donation  of  the  land. 

Order  in  which  said  alcalde  is  directed  to  give  posses- 
sion to  Alejo  Martin,  Antonio  Martin,  Francisco  Martin, 
Miguel  Martin,  Felipe  Martin,  Jose  Lujan,  Felipe  de  Ara- 
tia, and  Pedro  de  Abila,  etc.,  etc. 

Diego  Lucero.  Grant  of  lands  in  Santa  Fe,  about  half 
a  fanega  of  corn  and  two  of  wheat  land  made  by  Don 
Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero  on  July  30,  1697.  This  grant  is 
also  said  to  have  been  made  to  Antonio  Lucero  de  Godoy, 
father  of  Diego  Lucero. 

The  petition  was  filed  by  Joseph  Manuel  Gilthomey, 
who  was  at  that  time  secretary  of  the  cabildo  (town 
council).     Under  this  order  all  citizens  were  directed  to 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  335 

present  to  the  cabildo  within  a  period  of  two  months, 
their  titles  and  grants  for  their  lands,  houses,  and  ranches, 
in  order  that  the  cabildo  might  inspect  and  make  note 
thereof,  with  a  view  to  preventing  litigation  in  the  future. 

The  order  also  directed  that  chief  alcaldes,  before  whom 
instruments  might  be  executed,  should  not  deliver  the 
originals  to  the  parties,  but  should  give  certified  copies, 
sending  the  originals  to  the  cabildo,  where  they  were  to 
be  permanently  filed.  The  order  was  promulgated  at 
Santa  Fe,  Santa  Cniz  de  la  Caiiada,  and  Alburquerque, 
July  24,  30,  and  Au^ist  10,  1713,  respectively. 

Subsequently  memoranda  of  the  documents  presented 
to  the  cabildo  in  compliance  with  this  order,  wtere  made 
in  a  book  kept  for  that  purpose,  known  as  the  "Libra  de 
cabildo,"  which  is  archive  1136,  which  entries  are  as 
herein  given. 

These  memoranda  contain  references  to  the  lands  of  the 
Indians  in  some  cases,  and  these  are  as  follows: 

Leaf  1,  page  1.   Second  Entry. 

On  the  first  of  August,  one  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  thirteen,  Juan  de  Mestas  presented  the  grant  of  the 
ranch  on  which  he  lives  at  Pojoaque,  named  San  Buena- 
ventura, made  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero,  for  three 
fanegas  of  corn-planting  land,  on  the  ninth  of  December, 
one  thousand  six  hundred  and  ninety-nine ;  and  the  pos- 
session given  by  the  maestre  de  campo,  Roque  Madrid, 
lieutenant-governor  of  this  kingdom.  And  its  boundaries 
are  from  the  slope  of  a  hill  as  far  as  the  river  below  the 
pueblo  of  Pojoaque,  and  toward  the  pueblo  of  Jacona 
from  east  to  west  as  far  as  a  bluff,  and  north  (to)  south 
as  far  as  the  hills  which  descend  from  Cuyamungue. 

Leaf  2,  page  1.   Third  entry. 

Captain  Sebastian  JMartin  presented  a  ^rant  of  a  tract 
and  farm  of  cultivable  lands,  made  by  the  Marquis  of  La 
Peiiuela,  on  the  twenty-third  day  of  the  month  of  May, 
of  the  year  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  twelve,  in 
which  he  validates  the  one  that  he  had,  made  by  the  ]\Iar- 
quis  of  Naba  de  Bracinas,  in  which  he  cut  off  the  persons 
who  formerly  had  said  grant,  because  of  the  period  which 
His  Majesty  grants  for  the  settling  of  new  lands  having 
passed ;  and  said  grant  is  countersigned  by  Cristobal  de 
Gongora,  military  secretary,  who  by  virtue  of  a  commis- 
sion from  said  INIarquis  de  La  Peiiuela,  gave  him  posses- 
sion of  said  tract  and  farm  on  the  tenth  day  of  the  month 
of  June  of  said  year.  And  its  boundaries  are  on  the 
north  side  the  Canada  del  Embudo  de  Picuries,  on  the 


336  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

south  a  cross  that  is  placed  at  the  boundaries  of  the  lands 
which  belong  to  the  puehio  of  San  Juan,  and  on  the  west 
a  table-land  which  is  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rio  del 
Norte,  and  on  the  east  the  highway  which  goes  out  from 
Chiniayo  toward  the  pueblo  of  Picuries;  with  entrances 
and  exits,  as  appears  from  said  grant,  which  was  returned 
to  him. 

On  the  30th  of  August,  of  the  year  1713,  by  virtue  of 
what  is  commanded  by  the  governor  and  captain-general 
of  this  kingdom,  Captain  Joseph  Trujillo  presented  a 
grant  made  to  him  by  the  castellan,  Don  Pedro  Cubero, 
on  the  29th  of  December,  1700,  for  the  lands  which  an- 
ciently belonged  to  Francisco  Jimenez,  close  to  the  San 
Ildefonso  table-land  and  lands  of  the  sargento  mayor, 
Ambrosio  Saens,  attested  by  Domingo  de  Barreda,  civil 
and  military  secretary;  and  the  possession  of  said  lands, 
which  on  the  21st  of  March,  of  the  year  1701,  was  given 
to  him  by  the  maestre  de  campo,  Roque  Madrid. 

And  at  the  same  time  he  presented  another  grant,  made 
by  the  same  castellan,  on  the  23d  day  of  April  of  the 
same  year,  for  another  piece  of  land  for  the  pasturing  of 
stock,  contiguous  to  that  of  Francisco  Jimenez,  in  the  dis- 
trict of  the  New  Town  of  Santa  Cruz  {Villa  Nueva  de 
Santa  Cruz)  attested  also  by  said  Domingo  de  la  Barreda, 
and  the  possession  of  said  piece  of  land  given  by  said 
chief  alcalde. 

As  also  he  presented  another  grant  for  a  piece  of  land 
for  pasturing  large  and  small  stock,  where  there  is  a  small 
spring  of  water  on  the  Nanihe  road  that  goes  to  the  New 
Town  (Villa  Nueva),  of  which,  on  the  23d  day  of  May, 
1701,  General  Don  Francisco  Cuervo  made  him  a  grant, 
countersigned  by  Don  Alonzo  Rael  de  Aguilar,  military 
secretary,  with  the  possession  which  said  maestre  de 
campo,  Roque  Madrid,  gave  on  the  16th  of  June,  of  said 
year,  the  boundaries  of  which  appear  in  said  grants,  which 
originals  I  returned  for  the  protection  of  his  right. 

Leaf  3,  page  1.   Second  entry. 

On  the  30th  of  August,  of  the  year  1713,  before  me, 
General  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  ordinary  alcalde,  Juan  Tru- 
jillo, a  citizen  of  the  district  of  La  Canada  (  Santa  Cruz), 
appeared  and  presented  a  land  grant,  torn  into  shreds, 
for  a  piece  of  agricultural  lands  of  about  two  fanegas  of 
corn,  which  Sebastian  de  Salas  sold  to  him,  on  the  other 
side  of  the  Pojoaque  river,  the  boundaries  of  which  ap- 
pear in  the  certified  copy  of  the  deed,  which  was  made 
before  Joseph  Rodriguez,  ordinary  alcalde,  at  the  town 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  337 

of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  19tli  of  the  month  of  October,  of  the 
year  1701. 

Leaf  3,  page  1.   Third  entry. 

On  the  30th  of  August,  of  the  year  1713,  Juan  Trujillo 
appeared  before  me.  General  Juan  Paez  Hurtado,  and 
presented  a  grant  made  to  the  sargento  mayor,  Francisco 
de  Anaya,  for  a  tract  of  agricultural  lands  between  Cuya- 
mungue  and  Jacona,  called  San  Isidro,  made  by  the  cas- 
tellan, Don  Pedro  Cubero,  on  the  27th  day  of  the  month 
of  November,  of  the  year  1699,  attested  by  Domingo  de  la 
Barreda,  civil  and  military  secretary,  which  Sebastian 
Cansua,  son-in-law  of  said  sargento  mayor,  sold  to  him, 
because  of  their  belonging  to  his  wife,  Maria  de  Anaya; 
and  the  possession  given  by  the  maestre  de  campo,  Roque 
Madrid,  on  the  10th  day  of  December  of  said  year;  the 
boundaries  of  which  appear  in  said  grant,  the  original  of 
which  I  returned  to  him  for  the  protection  of  his  right. 

On  the  1st  of  September,  of  the  year  1713,  Mateo  Tru- 
jillo presented  before  me,  General  Juan  Paez  Hurtado, 
ordinary  alcalde  of  this  town  of  Santa  Fe,  in  virtue  of 
what  is  commanded  by  the  governor  and  captain-general 
of  this  kingdom  ...  a  grant  of  a  tract  of  land 
for  cultivation  and  the  rearing  of  large  and  small  stock 
on  the  other  side  of  the  Rio  del  Norte  between  the  pu- 
eblos of  Santa  Clara  and  Ildefonso,  which  on  the  21st 
of  November,  1700,  the  castellan,  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez 
Cubero,  gave  to  him  by  grant,  attested  by  Domingo  de  la 
Barreda,  military  secretary;  and  the  possession  which  the 
maestre  de  campo,  Roque  de  Madrid,  gave  on  the  9th  of 
September,  1701 ;  the  boundaries  of  which  appear  in  said 
grant,  the  original  of  which  I  returned  to  him. 

Leaf  4,  page  1.   Second  entry. 

On  the  seventh  day  of  the  month  of  September,  of  the 
year  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  thirteen.  Captain 
Ignacio  de  Roibal  presented  three  grants  of  land  .  .  . 
the  second  for  the  place  of  Jacona,  district  of  the 
Town  of  Santa  Cruz,  for  the  surplus  of  what  Captain  Ja- 
cinto Pelaez  had  by  grant,  also  made  by  the  same  castellan 
(Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero),  on  the  second  of  October, 
seventeen  hundred  and  tAvo ;  attested  by  Pedro  de  Morales, 
civil  and  military  secretary;  the  boundaries  of  which  ap- 
pear in  said  grant,  and  of  which  I  returned  to  him  the 
original. 

The  third  for  a  piece  of  land  which  before  the  revolu- 
tion of  the  year  eighty  (1680)  belonged  to  the  maestre  de 
campo,  Francisco  Gomez  Robledo,  which  may  contain  five 


338  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

fanegas  of  wheat-planting  land,  below  the  Town  of  Santa 
Cruz  about  one-fourth  of  a  league,  between  the  lands  of 
Domingo  IMartin  and  Ambrosio  Saes,  of  which  lands  the 
said  castellan  (Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero)  made  liim 
a  grant  on  the  fourth  of  INIay,  sixteen  hundred  and  ninety- 
eight  ;  attested  by  Domingo  de  la  Barreda,  military  secre- 
tary, which  I  returned  to  him  with  the  two  preceding 
ones,  to  serve  him  as  a  formal  title. 

Leaf  4,  page  2.   Second  entry. 

Isabel  Gonzales,  widow  of  Juan  de  Archuleta,  on  the 
eleventh  day  of  September,  of  the  year  1713,  presented 
.  .  .  another  grant  for  another  ranch  of  eight  fanegas 
of  corn-planting  land,  which  adjoins  the  lands  of  the 
pueblo  of  San  Juan,  made  by  the  castellan,  Don  Pedro 
Rodriguez  Cubero,  to  Juan  de  Archuleta,  the  husband  of 
said  Isabel  Gonzales,  on  the  12th  of  June,  of  1698,  at- 
tested by  Domingo  de  la  Barreda. 

Leaf  5,  page  2.     Fourth  entry. 

On  said  day  General  Juan  Paez  Hurtado  presented  a 
grant,  which  on  March  3,  1704,  General  Don  Diego  de 
Vargas  made  to  him,  for  the  surplus  lands  which  there 
might  be  at  the  puchlo  of  Pojoaque  —  I  mean  between 
the  pueblo  of  Pojoaque  and  that  of  Nambe ;  and  they  ad- 
join the  lands  of  Juan  and  Carlos  Lopez ;  and  the  posses- 
sion which  on  the  7th  of  said  month  of  March  and  year 
of  the  date.  Captain  Ignacio  de  Roibal  gave  to  him ;  the 
boundaries  of  which  appear  in  said  grant,  the  original  of 
which  I  returned  to  him  to  serve  as  a  formal  title. 
MANUEL  BACA.  Grant  of  lands  at  the  Angostu7-a  de 
Berirmlillo,  made  by  Don  Diego  de  Vargas  Zapata  Lujan 
Ponce  de  Leon  on  January  14,  1695.  These  lands  form- 
erly belonged  to  his  father,  Cristobal  Baca. 
BERNARDINO  de  SENA.  Grant  of  lands  on  the  other 
side  of  the  river  at  Santa  Fe,  made  by  the  Marques  de 
la  Nava  de  Brazinas  on  May  3,  1694. 
VICENTE  .  .  .  DE  ARMIJO.  Grant  of  half  a  fane- 
ga  of  corn  land,  house  and  garden,  made  by  the  Marques 
de  la  Nava  de  Brazinas  on  November  29,  1703. 
DIEGO  MARQUES  de  AYALA.  Ensign.  Grant  of 
lands  made  by  Don  Ignacio  Flores  Mogollon  on  July  28, 
1713. 

On  July  21,  1713,  a  decree  was  made  by  the  governor 
and  captain-general,  Don  Ignacio  Flores  Mogollon,  re- 
quiring all  documents  relative  to  grants  of  land  thereto- 
fore made  to  be  presented  to  the  cabildo  of  Santa  Fe. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  339 

1137  COPIES  OF  LAWS  relating  to  the  colonization  and 
settlement  of  lands  of  March  12,  1828,  November  21, 
1828,  March  11,  1842. 

1138  PETITION  of  Half -Breed  Indians  of  Santa  Fe. 

Certified  copy  dated  Arispe,  1780.  Certified  by  Antonio 
Bonilla.     No   action  taken. 

Bentura  Bustamante,  lieutenant  of  the  Genizaros  (half- 
breed  Indians)  of  the  Villa  de  Santa  Fe,  by  order  of  his 
captain,  Juan  Armijo,  and  in  the  name  of  thirty-three 
associates  of  the  same  class  of  Indians,  filed  a  protest  with 
the  governor  and  captain-general  against  being  taken 
away  from  Santa  Fe,  where  they  had  built  houses,  had 
cultivated  fields,  etc.,  to  the  Cumanche  frontier  to  fight, 
threatening  to  leave  Santa  Fe  and  the  Spaniards  and  join 
the  hostiles  {gentiles), 

1139  MANUEL  de  ALVAREZ.     Citizenship. 

Don  Manuel  Alvarez  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  citi- 
zens in  New  Mexico  at  the  time  of  the  American  Occupa- 
tion. In  1839,  he  held  the  position  of  United  States 
consul  at  Santa  Fe.  In  1825,  in  company  with  a  party  of 
French  trappers  or  fur  traders,  he  came  to  Santa  Fe  from 
St.  Louis,  Missouri.  The  following  year  he  made  applica- 
tion to  the  Mexican  government  for  citizenship  papers.  For 
some  reason  or  other  not  explained  by  the  archive  he  was 
never  able  to  secure  Mexican  citizenship.  At  the  time  of 
his  appointment  as  American  consul  at  Santa  Fe  in  1839, 
he  was  still  a  Spanish  subject. 

Containing,  as  they  do,  a  number  of  points  of  historical 
interest,  copies  of  his  papers  as  filed  with  the  Mexican 
government  at  the  time  of  his  arrival  in  Santa  Fe,  are 
given  herewith : 

' '  Most  Excellent  Sir : 

' '  Manuel  Alvarez,  a  native  of  the  village  of  Abelgas,  in 
the  ancient  Kingdom  of  Leon,  with  due  respect  appears 
before  Your  Excellency  and  says  that  having  presented 
two  applications,  dated  June  14,  1825,  and  May  11th  of 
the  present  year,  asking  for  papers  of  naturalization  of 
this  Republic,  through  the  Political  Chief  of  this  Terri- 
tory and  not  having  been  successful  in  such  purpose,  pos- 
sibly on  account  of  the  petition  being  lost,  mislaid,  de- 
layed or  from  other  causes  unknown  to  me,  to  obviate  all 
of  which  for  reasons  set  forth  in  my  former  petition,  I 
am  setting  forth  in  this  and  will  say  that  I  address  this 


340  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

to  Your  Excellency,  knowing  your  solicitude  and  kind- 
ness in  such  matters,  that  Your  Excellency  may  be  pleased 
to  decide  what  your  petitioner  requests. 

"Always,  Most  Excellent  Sir,  I  have  been  anxious  to 
reside  here  under  a  liberal  government  for  which  reason 
for  eight  years  I  have  remained  on  this  Continent  visiting 
the  United  States  of  America  and  this  Republic,  whose 
origin  gives  guaranty  of  protection  and  happiness,  and 
washing  to  participate  therein,  I  reiterate  to  Your  Ex- 
cellency my  request,  hoping  that  you  will  give  it  early 
determination  and  not  delay  me  longer  in  the  sweet  satis- 
faction which  will  result. 

"Your  petitioner  in  order  to  remove  any  suspicion  or 
obstacles,  causing  further  delays,  would  say  something  in 
regard  to  his  conduct  and  manner  of  living,  but  even 
though  such  statement  may  be  unnecessary,  he  states  to 
Your  Excellency  that  he  speaks  the  English  and  French 
languages;  that  he  has  been  a  trader  up  to  the  present 
time,  and  proposes  in  the  future  to  devote  himself  to  the 
pursuit  of  agriculture  at  some  convenient  locality,  all  of 
which  was  referred  to  in  my  petition  to  the  Political  Chief 
which  he  may  have  given  to  Your  Excellency. 

"To  the  highest  consideration  of  Your  Excellency  your 
petitioner  leaves  a  knowledge  of  how  greatly  he  will  con- 
sider the  prompt  possession  of  the  naturalization  papers 
which  he  has  solicited,  and  is  satisfied  that  Your  Excel- 
lency's well  known  reputation  for  justice  and  kindness 
wall  prompt  you  to  act  satisfactorily  and  to  the  end  that 
your  petitioner  will  be  content  over  what  has  hapj)ened. 

"Manuel  de  Alvarez 
"Santa  Fe,  Nov.  27,  1826." 


"To  THE  Honorable  Political  Chief. 

"The  citizen,  Manuel  de  Alvarez,  native  of  the  village 
of  Abelgas,  of  the  ancient  Kingdom  of  Leon,  at  present 
a  resident  of  this  Territory  of  the  Mexican  Federation, 
in  the  most  proper  manner,  appears  before  Your  Ex- 
cellency and  says:  That  having  left  his  native  land  in 
the  year  1818,  he  had  determined  to  take  up  his  residence 
either  in  the  United  States  of  North  America  or  in  Mex- 
ican territory  and  having  gone  from  Habana  to  the  first 
mentioned  country,  he  landed  at  New  York  as  credited  by 
the  enclosed  passport ;  I  visited  the  said  country  and  know 
it  not  to  be  a  place  of  convenient  residence,  but  preferring 
the  Mexican  Republic  I  have  come  here  for  that  purpose. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  341 

I  request  Your  Excellency  to  present  my  application  for 
citizenship  to  the  Sovereign  Constitutional  Congress  as  I 
desire  to  become  a  useful  citizen  of  this  country  and  to 
its  inhabitants,  protesting  that  I  am  of  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic faith,  and  what  may  be  necessary  in  order  to  attain 
that  for  which  I  desire. 

"All  of  which  I  ask  and  request  Your  Excellency  to 
present  my  application  and  the  attached  report  to  the 
Supreme  Government  of  the  Federation  and  the  Sovereign 
Constitutional  Congress  for  the  attainment  of  the  same. 

"The  entire  lack  of  sealed  paper  in  this  Territory  has 
prevented  my  application  being  made  upon  sealed  paper, 
but  I  offer  to  pay  its  value.  Manuel  de  Alvarez. 

"Santa  Fe,  June  14,  1825." 


Governor  Baca  endorsed  the  application  favorably,  stat- 
ing that  Alvarez  manifested  a  great  zeal  for  the  Catholic 
faith. 


His  passport,  dated  Habana,  April  29,  1823,  is  signed 
by  Don  Sebastian  Kindelan  y  Oregan,  Knight  of  the  Mili- 
tary Orders  of  Santiago  and  Ferdinand,  3d  class,  of  the 
Cross  and  City  of  Herraenejildo,  Brigadier  of  the  National 
Armies,  Subaltern  Corporal  of  the  Captain-Generalcy  of 
the  Island  of  Cuba,  Provisional  Captain-General  of  the 
same  and  Superior  Political  Chief  of  the  City  and  Prov- 
ince of  Habana,  etc.,  etc. 

Countersigned  by  Antonio  Maria  de  la  Torre  y  Car- 
denas. All  of  the  papers  of  Alvarez  used  in  connection 
herewith  were  certified  to  by 

Francisco  Perez  Serrano  y  Aguirre   [Rubric] 

Provisional  Secretary 

Accompanying  his  papers  is  a  passport  from  Governor 
Alexander  McNair,  of  Missouri,  as  follows: 

"United  States  of  North  America. 

"Alexander  McNair,  Governor  of  the  State  of  Missouri. 

"To  all  who  shall  see  these  Presents,  Greeting,  Be  it 
known  that  Francis  Robidoux,  Isidor  Roubidou,  Antonio 
LaMarche,  ]\Ianuel  Alvarez,  Jose  Martin,  Joseph  Gervais, 
Astasio  Lasalle,  Charles  Hotte,  Francois  Laroque,  Fran- 
cois Quenelle,  Joseph  Decary,  and  Antoine  Baucheum, 
traders  to  Mexico,  all  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
to  me  well  known  as  such  and  that  they  enjoy  and  are 
entitled  to  all  the  privileges  of  citizens  of  our  free  and  in- 
dependent Republic. 


342  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

"In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand 
and  caused  the  great  Seal  of  the  State  of  Missouri  to  be 
Affixed. 

"Done  at  Saint  Charles,  this  3d  day  of  September  A.  D. 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-four,  and  of  the 
Independence  of  the  United  States  the  forty-ninth. 
(Seal)  "By  the  Governor.  A.  McNair 

"William  G.  Pettus 

"Secretary  of  State." 

"Height,  5  feet  2  inches;  color,  pale;  nose,  regular; 
brows,  black;  hair,  black;  no  beard." 

1140  DECREE  of  Departmental  Assembly  in  relation  to 
the  abandonment  of  granted  lands.     1837. 

1141  XEMES,  ZIA,  and  SANTA  ANA,  1713. 

Receipt  of  order  by  Alcalde.  Tibursio  Ortega,  Alcalde. 
San  Geronimo  de  Taos.  Receipt  of  the  same.  Miguel  de 
Sandoval  Martinez,  Alcalde. 

In  the  year  1766  "In  compliance  with  the  directions  of 
his  excellency,  Don  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  governor  and 
captain-general"  Bartolome  Fernandez,  chief  alcalde  and 
war-captain  of  the  pueblos  of  the  Queres,  delivered  pos- 
session to  the  pueblos  of  Xemes,  Zia,  and  Santa  Ana  of  a 
tract  of  land  bounded  ' '  from  north  to  south  from  the  place 
Ventana  to  the  stone  ford  of  the  Puerco  river,  the  boun- 
daries also  of  the  citizens  of  the  place  San  Fernando  of 
Nuestra  Senora  de  la  Luz;  and  from  east  to  west  from 
the  pueblo  of  Zia  to  the  said  Puerco  river,  the  eastern  edge, 
the  whole  valley  of  the  Holy  Ghost  spring  being  embraced 
within  the  center  and  within  the  boundaries  of  this  grant. ' ' 
At  the  time  possession  was  given  there  were  present  the 
following  Indian  governors  (caciques)  :  Cristoval  Naspona, 
Cristoval  Chiguigui,  Pedro  Chite,  Sebastian,  Lazaro,  and 
Juan  Antonio,  and  the  war-captains  Agustin,  Tomas,  Juan 
Domingo,  and  other  Indian  magistrates. 

1142  JUAN  OTERO. 

Decree  of  Departmental  Assembly  revoking  grant  made 
Francisco  Sarracino.     His  suspension  recommended,  1845. 

1143  MINING  COURTS  in  New  Mexico.    1846. 

Decree    establishing    them.     Manuel    Armijo,    Governor. 
Tomas  Ortiz,  President.     Miguel  de  Pino,  Secretary. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  343 

1144  QUICKSILVER. 

Sale  of,  etc.  El  Caballero  de  Croix.  Juan  Joseph  Fer- 
nandez de  Soria. 

1145  PAJARITO. 

Complaint  of  Francisco  Lopes  that  settlers  at  said  place 
will  not  take  possession  of  their  lands.  1844.  Gregorio 
Vigil,  Alcalde. 

1146  PRINTED  COPY  of  Land  Law  of  March  11,  1842. 

1147  INTERPRETATION  of  the  law  of  1813  in  relation  to 

reducing  the  public  lands  to  private  ownership. 

Printed  copy.  Letter  of  transmittal  of  the  same  to  Gov- 
ernor of  New  Mexico.     Bernardo  Bonavia. 

1148  MADARIAGA.    Tome.    1837. 

Communication  to  the  Departmental  Assembly  in  relation 
to  settlements  abandoned  on  account  of  Indian  raids. 

This  archive  refers  to  the  settlers  at  Manzano  who  aban- 
doned their  lands  on  account  of  attacks  of  hostile  Indians ; 
also  to  the  settlements  at  Las  Huertas  and  Carnuel  and 
mentions  the  building  of  a  large  fort  at  Manzano  by  all 
of  the  settlers. 

The  Town  of  Tome  was  a  regularly  organized  Villa, 
had  its  ayuntamiento  and  other  officers  prior  to  the 
change  from  Spanish  to  Mexican  sovereignty  and  later; 
it  had  a  "Sala  Capitular."  This  is  shown  in  the  granting 
papers  in  the  Casa  Colorada  Land  Grant.  Miguel  de 
Olona  was  the  secretary  of  the  cabildo.  The  grant  known 
as  the  Casa  Colorada  was  made  upon  the  petition  of  Jose 
Maria  Perea  by  the  Corporation  of  Tome  and  was  ap- 
proved by  the  Provincial  Deputation,  September  15,  1823. 
The  original  settlers  on  this  grant  came  from  the  vicinity 
of  Manzano  and  were:  Jose  Maria  Perea,  Rafael  Perea, 
Antonio  Torres,  Dionisio  Maldonado,  Eugenio  Barela,  Do- 
mingo Lucero,  Vincente  Torres,  Juan  Cruz  Turietta, 
Julian  Sanchez,  Aban  Sanchez,  Miguel  Archuleta,  Gre- 
gorio Sedillo,  Jose  de  Jesus  Maldonado.  Jose  Sedillo, 
IMiguel  Lucero,  Rafael  Cedillo,  Guadalupe  Perea  (widow), 
Matilda  INIontoya  (widow),  Cristobal  Jaramillo,  Rafael 
Torres,  Buenaventura  Sanchez,  Manuel  Baca,  Jose  Baca, 
Juan  Antonio  Serna,  Jose  Antonio  Benavides,  Carlos 
Baca,  Juan  Agustin  Barela,  Vincente  Moya,  Antonio  Tor- 
res, Sr.,  Julian  Benavides,  Tomas  Benavides,  Jose  Galle- 
gos,   Jose   Maria    Sedillo,    Antonio    Torres,    2d,   Joaquin 


344  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Sanchez,  Mariano  Pino,  Esteban  Baca,  Andres  Zamora, 
Jose  Anto  Sedillo,  Juan  Castillo,  and  Tomas  Sanchez. 

By  virtue  of  a  decree  of  June  23,  1823,  all  of  the  in- 
habitants in  the  outlying  valleys  and  mountains  and  other 
places  liable  to  attack  from  hostile  Indians  were  ordered 
to  gather  in  settlements.  These  people  all  came  from  the 
vicinity  of  the  Manzano  mountains. 

1149  SANTA  FE  PALACE,  1827. 

The  "Palace"  is  turned  over  to  the  Jefe  Politico. 

1150  BLOTTER  in  reference  to  the  discovery  and  working 

of  lead  mines. 

This  lead  mine  was  at  Las  Huertas ;  date  of  letter,  August 
13,  1818 ;  good  for  bullets  and  the  defense  of  the  country 
against  the  gentile  tribes;  sent  five  or  six  loads  (cargas) 
for  use  against  "los  enemigos  del  estado. " 

1151  CIENEGA. 

Grant  to  the  City  of  Santa  Fe.     Copy  not  certified.    1715. 

1152  DISCOVERY  OF  MINERAL  among  the  Comanches. 
1829. 

Bocanegra. 

1153  SAN  MIGUEL  del  BADO.    1825. 

Petition  of  the  people  to  their  Ayuntamiento  asking  that 
attention  be  called  to  their  petition  to  the  Provincial  As- 
sembly protesting  against  the  extent  of  the  Tract  granted 
to  Juan  Estevan  Pino. 

On  December  6,  1823,  Juan  Estevan  Pino,  a  man  of 
great  prominence  in  New  jMexico  at  that  period,  filed  his 
petition  with  the  governor  of  New  IMexico  asking  for 
lands  described  as  follows:  "On  the  north  by  the  land- 
marks of  the  farm  or  land  of  Don  Antonio  Ortiz  and  the 
tableland  of  the  Aguage  de  la  Yegua ;  on  the  south  by  the 
Pecos  river;  on  the  east  by  the  tableland  of  Pajarito, 
and  on  the  west  by  the  point  of  the  tableland  of  the  CJm- 
paines."  The  grant  was  made  December  23,  1823.  and 
the  land  was  called  the  Hacienda  of  San  Juan  Baptista  del 
Ojito  del  Rio  de  las  Gallinas.  Pino  received  possession  of 
the  property;  his  heirs  disposed  of  it  to  Preston  Beck, 
to  whose  son,  Preston  Beck,  Jr.,  it  was  confirmed  by  Con- 
gress, June  21,  1860. 


THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  345 

1154  MANUEL  TRUGILLO.     1828.     Albiirquerqiie. 

Petition  to  the  Governor  in  regard  to  the  return  of  certain 
papers  by  the  Alcalde  of  Socorro. 

1155  ALAMILLO,  1800. 

Account  of  its  re-settlement.     Not  signed. 

1156  JOSEPH  XARAMILLO  to  Barbara,  Matilde  and  Ca- 
tarina  Viviana  Ballejos.     Alburqiierque,  1732. 

Land.     Juan  Gonzales  Bas,  Alcalde. 

1157  APPROVAL  BY  THE  KING  of  the  action  of  the 
Superior  Junta  of  Mexico  in  the  modification  of  Ar- 
ticle 81  of  the  Ordenanza  de  Intendentes,  1798. 

Certified  copy  by  Manuel  Merino. 

1158  SAN  PEDRO  TRACT.    1840. 

Letter  of  Antonio  IMontoya,  Alcalde  of  Sandia,  to  Guada- 
lupe Miranda  in  reference  to  the  same. 

In  February,  1844,  the  governor  of  New  Mexico  made  a 
grant  to  Jose  Serafin  Ramirez  of  lands  in  the  county  of 
Santa  Fe  described  as  "bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
Placer  road  that  goes  down  by  the  yellow  timber;  on  the 
south,  the  northern  boundary  of  the  San  Pedro  grant; 
on  the  east,  the  spring  of  the  Caiion  del  Agua ;  on  the  west, 
the  summit  of  the  mountain  of  the  mine  known  as  the 
property  of  your  Petitioner." 

This  tract  of  land  as  described  was  confirmed  by  act 
of  Congress. 

In  the  suit  of  the  United  States  vs.  The  San  Pedro  and 
Cafion  del  Agua  Company,  finally  determined  by  the  su- 
preme court  of  the  United  States,  it  was  held  that  the 
mineral  underlying  the  surface  of  the  lands  within  the 
limits  of  this  grant  were  still  the  property  of  the  United 
States.  That  the  company  when  it  purchased  was  fully 
cognizant  of  the  definite  character  of  the  grant  which  had 
been  made  to  Ramirez;  that  when  the  lands  mentioned, 
at  the  time  of  the  Treaty  of  Guadalupe,  passed  under 
the  dominion  of  the  government  of  the  United  States, 
the  title  to  the  mineral  lands  became  vested  in  the  United 
States  government ;  that  Ramirez  had  a  claim  to  no  greateT 
interest  than  he  had  obtained  from  the  IMexican  govern- 
ment, which  had  not  parted  with  the  title  to  the  mineral 
underlying  the  surface;  that  the  Spanish  and  Mexican 
governments  reserved  the  rights  to  minerals  unless  other- 


346  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

wise  stipulated,  and  no  such  express  grant  had  been  made 
to  R-amirez. 

This  decision,  affirming  the  decision  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  Mexico,  was  a  great  injustice  to  the  persons 
who  had  innocently  purchased  this  property. 

1159  INVENTORY  of  DOCUMENTS  in  the  public  arch- 
ives during  the  time  that  Gei^^asio  Cruzat  y  Gongora 
was  Governor,  1736.     No.  1136,  q.  v. 

1160  PETITION,  1852. 

People  of  Taos  county  in  regard  to  lands  occupied  by 
them  as  pasture  lands.  Addressed  to  James  S.  Calhoun, 
Governor, 

1161  EXPEDITION,  1803,  for  the  discovery  of  the  Cerro 

del  Oro. 

The  Cerro  del  Oro  (Mountain  of  Gold)  was  never  dis- 
covered. Salcedo  was  deceived  by  the  Indians,  io  whom 
he  gave  money  in  advance  for  the  information  as  to  the  lo- 
cation of  the  "Mountain." 

Second  expedition  in  search  of  the  Cerro  del  Oro. 

1162  JUNTA  DE  FOMENTO  de  MINERIA.    Mexico,  1844. 

Asking  information  in  regard  to  placer  mines  of  New 
Mexico.     Jose  Del  Monte,  President. 

1163  STATISTICS  of  Santo  Domingo,  1845. 

1164  EL  NACIMIENTO,  1815. 

Settlement  and  partition  of  lands.  Ignacio  Sanchez  Ver- 
gara,  Alcalde. 

1165  PRINTED  POSTER,  offering  reward  for  the  arrest 
of  the  traitor,  Mina,  1817. 

1166  TREATISE  on  Political  Economy. 

1167  BARTOLOMEl  BACA. 

Report  on  Indian  Troubles,  1825. 

A  translation  of  this  important  document  is  as  fol- 
lows: 

"I  give  notice  to  your  excellency  that  this  day  arrived 
the  citizen,  Manuel  Mestas,  interpreter,  who  by  order  of 
the  militia  commander,  Don  Jose  Viscarra,  had  visited  the 
Cumanche  nation  April  5th  for  the  purpose  of  notifying 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  347 

them  of  the  hostile  actions  and  robberies  committed  by 
them  at  Eleceario  and  to  the  north.  The  Ciimanches 
answered  that  it  was  a  fact  that  they  had  participated 
in  the  robberies  and  had  fired  upon  the  Spaniards  but  the 
Kiowas  were  those  who  had  made  war  on  the  Spaniards; 
that  the  Kiowas  now  separated  from  them  and  had  gone 
to  the  pueblo  of  the  Jumanes  for  a  council  of  war  for  the 
purpose  of  attacking  those  in  the  north ;  this  is  what  the 
Cumanches  said  and  they  believed  that  such  separation 
and  going  to  the  Town  of  the  Jumanes  is  for  the  purpose 
of  joining  the  said  Town  of  Jumanes. 

"The  Kiowas  will  also  march  toward  the  north  in  Oc- 
tober of  the  present  year.  The  Cumanches  also  say  they 
will  immediately  confer  with  the  Kiowas  relative  to  what 
would  happen  but  by  this  method  possibly  the  Kiowas 
would  desist  and  that  they  would  advise  us  as  to  the  re- 
sult; that  the  Cumanches  were  not  concerned  in  these 
new  hostilities  on  the  part  of  the  Kiowas  and  that  they 
will  prove  it;  that  the  hostility  of  the  Kiowas  has  arisen 
because  12  of  their  number  including  a  chief  had  been 
killed. 

"God  and  Liberty;  El  Bado,  June  14,  1825. 

"ToMAS  Sena  [rubric] 
"To  the  Jefe  Politico: 

"Don  Bartolome  Baca." 

The  Spanish  is  "Puehlo  de  Jumanes." 

"Several  residents  of  this  jurisdiction  in  my  charge 
have  just  arrived  informing  me  that,  having  gone  to 
trade  with  a  band  of  Cumanche  Pelones  and  Kiowas,  who 
are  at  the  Rio  Nutrias,  they  met  two  captives  from  Paso 
del  Norte,  one  of  them  the  servant  of  Don  Agapito  Alba, 
who  informed  them  that  they  were  well  taken  care  of 
and  not  badly  treated  by  the  gentiles,  for  the  reason  that 
they  had  agreed  to  accompany  them  in  an  attack  upon 
the  Town  of  El  Paso,  showing  them  where  the  cattle  of 
said  town  were  herded,  and,  adding  further,  that  the  In- 
dians had  agreed  to  set  them  free  when  this  had  been 
done ;  that  they  informed  them  of  this  on  account  of  their 
love  of  country,  and  requesting  that  if  on  this  account 
they  were  deprived  of  their  freedom,  still  the  information 
ought  to  be  given  to  the  alcaldes  so  that  the  great  wrong 
might  be  prevented,  all  of  which  I  communicate  to  you. 

"God  and  Liberty,  June  10,  1825. 

"Severing  Martinez  [rubric] 
"To  the  Hon.  Political  Chief, 
Santa  Fe,N.  M." 


348  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

These  letters  were  sent  to  Soto  la  Marina,  the  com- 
mandant at  Chihuahua. 

1168  TAOS,  1824. 

In  relation  to  their  wanting  the  title  of  Villa. 

1169  MARIANO  MARTINEZ,  Governor. 

Memorandum  of  official  action  taken  by  him  during  the 
years  1844  and  1845. 

1170  MINING  DECREES,  1843. 

1171  RE-SETTLEMENT  of  the  Town  of  SOCORRO,  1800. 

Pedro  de  Nava. 

Juan  de  Oiiate  does  not  mention  the  existence  of  the 
pueblo  which  stood  at  Alamillo,  a  few  miles  north  of  the 
present  town  of  Socorro.  At  the  time  of  the  uprising  in 
1680  there  was  a  church  here  dedicated  to  St.  Anne,  and, 
according  to  Vetancurt,  the  population  was  about  four 
hundred.  In  1681,  when  Governor  Otermin  returned  to 
New  Mexico,  in  a  vain  attempt  to  reconquer,  this  pueblo 
was  destroyed  by  him.  See  Autos  y  Dilijencias  hechas, 
etc.  Testimony  of  the  maestro  de  campo,  Francisco 
Gomez. 

1172  NEW  MEXICO,  1826. 

Report  on  boundaries,  etc.    Not  signed. 

1173  HILARIO  MESTAS  vs.  Pablo  Montoya,  1811. 

Stock.     Ignacio  Sanchez  Vergara,  Alcalde. 

1174  DEPARTMENTAL    ASSEMBLY,    1845. 

Twenty  pages  of  the  record  of  proceedings. 

1175  JUAN  NAVARRO,  Governor  of  Durango.    1824. 

Two  letters  to  Bartolome  Baca,  in  relation  to  payment  of 
duties  on  sheep. 

1176  JUAN  BAUTISTA  VIGIL.    1824. 

Two  letters  to  Bartolome  Baca  on  political  matters. 

1177  JOSEPH  DE  URQUIDL     1824. 

Letter  to  Bartolome  Baca.    Political. 

1178  JUAN  ESTEVAN  PINO.    1824.    To  Bartolome  Baca. 

Mercantile. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  349 

1179  JUAN  ESTEVAN  PINO,    1823. 

Receipt. 

1180  ROYAL  ClSDULA.     February  14,  1805. 

Relating  to  the  extent  of  land  grants.  Copy.  Certified 
by  Bernardo  Villamil. 

1181  JOSE  ALVAREZ  TOSTADO.    1825. 

Religion.    Letter  to  Bartolome  Baca. 

1182  RELIGION.    1825. 

1183  RELIGION.    1824. 

1184  STAMPED  PAPER,  Law  of.    1823. 

1185  MANUEL  JOSE  de  ZULOAGA. 

Political,  1827. 

1186  No  Consequence. 

1187  MISSIONS.    1746. 

Testimoriio  of  order  of  Viceroy  certified  by  Joachin  Co- 
dallos  y  Rabal,  Governor. 

1188  MANUEL  ARMIJO.    1827. 

Letter  to  Territorial  Deputation  in  relation  to  monopoly 
of  lands,  etc. 

1189  FRANCISCO  TRUXILLO.    1824. 

Letter  to  Bartolome  Baca  in  relation  to  partition  of  lands 
of  the  Ojo  Calient e  and  report  of  said  partition. 

1190  FRANCISCO  GUERRERO,  alcalde,  1766. 

List  of  deeds  made  by  him  belonging  to  the  government 
archives. 

1191  RELIGION.    1808. 

Census. 

1192  VALLECITO  GRANT.     1809-1813. 

Protest  of  Manuel  Martin  and  Juan  Pedro  Duran  against 
settlers  of  the  same  for  not  complying  with  conditions, 
etc.    Manuel  Garcia,  Alcalde. 

1193  SETTLEMENT  of  PUBLIC  LANDS.    1807. 

Proclamation  of  the  Viceroy.  Jose  Ignacio  Negreros  y 
Soria.    Nemesio  Saleedo.    No.  1180.  q.  v. 


350  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

1194  ALAMILLO  and  SEVILLETA,  1800. 

Re-settlement.     Pedro  de  Nava. 

1195  IGNACIO  SANCHES  de  VERGARA,  1821. 

Letter  to  Governor  Melgares,  asking  whether  he  may  pe- 
tition for  a  tract  of  land  near  the  pueblo  of  Sandia. 
Governor  replies  favorably. 

1196  PEDRO  DE  NAVA.    1798. 

Transmitting  Boyal  Decree  of  March  23,  1798.  No. 
1157,  q.  V. 

1197  JOSE  VINCENTE  ORTIZ.    No  date. 

Petition  for  land.     No  action. 

1198  SANTA  FE.    1705. 

Order  that  houses  shall  be  built.  Francisco  Cuerbo  y 
Valdez,  Governor. 

1199  RE-SETTLEMENT  of  the  Town  of  SOCORRO  and 
those  of  SENECU,  Sevilleta,  and  Alamillo,  1800.  See 
No.  1171. 

Pedro  de  Nava. 

In  this  letter  Don  Pedro  de  Nava  gives  instructions 
for  active  war  upon  the  Apaches  in  the  vicinity  of  Mag- 
dalena,  N.  M.    Also  at  San  Mateo. 

Good  signature  of  De  Nava. 

1200  ROMAN  SANCHEZ.    Santa  Fe.    1825. 

Testimonio  certified  by  Antonio  Narbona,  Governor. 

1201  PEDRO  ANTONIO  MESTAS. 

Will.     Santa  Fe,  1826.     Jose  Ortega,  Cabo. 

1202  MATIAS  SENA. 

Will.    Santa  Fe,  1826.    Jose  Tapia,  Cabo. 

1203  No  Value. 

1204  FRANCISCO  ANTONIO  TORRES. 

Will.     1826.     Santa  Fe.    Jose  Tapia,  Cabo. 

1205  FERNANDO  DURAN  y  CHAVES  and  Baltazar  Ro- 
mero. 

Petition.  1708.  Asking  that  soldiers  be  stationed  at 
Alhurquerque. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  351 

"To   the  Very  Illustrious   City   Council,   Justice   and 
Government : 

''The  Captains  Fernando  Duran  y  Chabes  and  Balta- 
zar  Romero,  residents  of  the  Villa  of  Alburquerque,  in 
the  name  and  with  the  authority  of  all  of  the  citizens  of 
the  same,  appear  before  your  excellency  and  asking  that 
all  the  privileges  allowed  by  law  be  given  them,  they 
say  that  whereas  the  Seiior  General  Don  Francisco  Cuerbo 
y  Valdez,  who  was  governor  of  this  kingdom,  and  who  in 
his  time,  because  it  appeared  to  him  to  be  more  advanta- 
geous, ordered  that  the  said  Villa  of  Alburquerque  be 
settled  in  the  year  of  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
six,  for  which  object  and  its  due  fulfillment  he  directed 
us  to  make  public  his  desire  that  this  kingdom  should  be 
greater  and  that  we  should  increase  our  estates  and  not 
experience  in  the  future  the  epidemics  of  the  preceding 
years;  he  assisted  us  because  we  had  no  lands  to  plant 
nor  on  which  to  raise  our  stock  (and)  although  he  gave 
them  abundantly  at  the  place  where  we  now  are  we  did 
not  decide  to  enter  upon  them  because  of  our  poverty  and 
the  danger  from  the  enemies  which  surround  us  on  all 
sides,  reasons  which  obliged  the  said  general  to  give  us 
for  our  guard  and  defense  a  squadron  of  soldiers,  in 
order  that  they  being  present  we  might  make  some  pro- 
gress, reasons  which  induced  us  to  leave  Bernalillo,  where 
we  resided;  influenced  by  the  desire  to  promote  our  wel- 
fare and  comfort,  we  were  impelled  to  make  oath  and  set- 
tle the  said  Villa,  and  this  having  been  accomplished  the 
said  General  Don  Francisco  Cuerbo  y  Valdez  made  a  re- 
port of  the  same  to  his  excellency  the  Duke  of  Albur- 
querque, to  whom  he  reported  and  explained  the  condi- 
tion of  the  new  Villa  [torn  —  small  space]  he  had  settled 
and  that  for  it  he  had  given  us  said  [torn,  same  as  above] 
reasons  which  caused  the  said  viceroy  to  give  [torn  as 
above]  an  election  as  appears  by  his  order  [torn  as  above] 
in  our  favor,  in  order  that  it  might  so  appear,  and  at  the 
same  time  he  sent  sacred  vestments  and  altar  furniture 
and  a  bell  for  the  said  Villa,  for  which  reason  we  believed 
that  he  was  well  pleased  with  the  said  settlement,  urg- 
ing upon  the  said  general  with  much  earnestness  the  ne- 
cessity for  the  preservation  and  increase  of  the  said 
Villa  of  Alburquerque;  and  now  the  Seiior  Marques  de 
la  Penuela,  governor  and  captain-general,  at  this  time 
has  been  pleased  to  take  away  the  said  escort,  for  which 
reason  the  enemy,  seeing  our  weakness,  have  dared  bar- 
barously to  conunit  various  robberies,  every  day  carrying 


352  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

off  our  stock,  taking  it  from  our  corrals,  as  is  shown ;  and 
seeing  that  they  are  not  punished,  they  may  surprise  us 
and  destroy  us  and  our  wives  and  children,  which  may 
God  forbid,  and  this  they  did  not  do  before,  although  it 
is  true  that  they  threatened  us  from  afar,  but  they  did 
not  dare  to  attack,  for  they  knew  that  the  soldiers  were 
almost  upon  them,  and  these  are  the  reasons  which  have 
caused  us  to  present  a  petition  for  the  said  citizens  to 
the  governor  and  captain-general,  in  which  it  was  prayed 
that  he  w^ould  be  pleased  to  grant  them  the  said  squad- 
ron because  of  the  circumstances  set  forth ;  and  he  re- 
plied in  plain  words  that  the  petition  was  not  admissi- 
ble, and  he  did  not  grant  it,  and  because  of  this  we  are 
left  very  disconsolate,  and  in  order  that  we  may  not  be  so 
in  the  future  we  take  refuge  under  the  shadow  and  pro- 
tection of  your  Excellency,  in  order  that  as  you  are  in- 
terested in  the  w^elfare  and  preservation  of  this  commun- 
ity, since  it  is  under  your  charge,  you  may  present  our 
cause,  explaining  to  the  said  Marques,  governor  and  cap- 
tain-general, the  reasons  which  compel  us  to  make  this 
representation  and  [torn  —  small  space]  admissible  to  re- 
move [torn  as  above]  said  place  and  to  go  where  we  may 
deem  best  and  that  we  may  never  be  accused  of  con- 
tumacy, as  it  is  our  desire  to  serve  His  Majesty;  this  we 
do  without  any  mental  reservation  and  we  protest  the 
truth  of  the  same ;  wherefore, 

"We  ask  and  Pray  that  Your  Excellency  will  be  pleased, 
in  view  of  this  our  statement,  to  favor  us  by  doing  what 
we  ask,  since  it  is  just,  and  we  swear  by  God  [torn  a  small 
piece  from  the  margin]  and  the  Holy  Cross  that  this  is 
not  in  bad  faith,  and  the  royal  aid  in  [torn  as  above]  we 
pray,  and  in  that  which  is  necessary,  etc. 

"Fernando  Duran  y  Chabes  [rubric] 
"  B ALT AZAR  Romero  [rubric] 

' '  In  the  City  of  Santa  Fe,  on  the  fourteenth  day  of  the 
month  of  April  of  the  year  one  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  eight,  before  the  Council  (Cavildo  de  Justicia  y 
Regimiento)  of  the  same,  this  petition  was  presented  by 
the  persons  named  in  it,  and  it  having  been  examined  by 
us,  the  members,  we  admitted  it  and  in  compliance  with 
it  we  proceeded  to  present  it  to  the  governor  and  cap- 
tain-general, who  said  that  he  would  apply  the  best  rem- 
edy, and  in  order  that  it  may  so  appear  we  sign  this  with 
our  secretary  of  the  council,  who  will  place  this  instru- 


I  i  ■ 


i  i 

i  t 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  353 

ment  in  the  files  and  papers  of  our  archives  for  future 
reference. 

"Ignacio  de  Roibal  [rubric] 

"Fran.  Lorenzo  de  Cassados  [rubric] 
■Phelix  Martinez  [rubric] 

'Juan  Garcia  de  la  Ri  [torn]  [rubric] 
'  Ju.  De  Vrribari  [rubric] 

'Juan  Paez  Hurtado  [rubric] 

"Ante  mi  [torn]  " 

1206  JUAN  RUIZ  CORDERO. 

Will.    Santa  Fe,  1723. 

1207  JOSE  PABLO  RAEL.    Santa  Fe. 

Will.     1780.     Also  proceedings  in  the  settlement  of  his 
estate.    Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  Governor. 

1208  PETITION  of  Half-breeds  to  settle  at  deserted  Pu- 
eblo of  Sandia.     1733. 

Denied.     Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Governor. 

Petition  by  certain  Indians  of  different  tribes,  includ- 
ing Jumanes,  Apaches,  Utes,  Kiowas,  and  Pawnees,  who 
had  abandoned  their  tribal  relations  and  embraced  the 
Catholic  religion,  and  who  were  living  at  various  towns 
and  pueblos  in  New  IMexico,  asking  that  they  be  permitted 
to  make  a  settlement  on  the  site  of  the  then  abandoned 
pueblo  of  Sandia. 

This  petition  was  examined  by  Governor  Cruzat  y  Gon- 
gora  on  April  21,  1733,  and  he  ordered  the  petitioners  to 
present  to  him  a  list  of  their  names  and  the  tribes  to  which 
they  belonged.  This  they  did  at  once,  and  the  governor,  af- 
ter ha\dng  examined  the  same  and  considered  their  petition, 
decided  that  their  request  could  not  be  granted,  but  he 
said  that  they  might  settle  at  the  pueblos  already  estab- 
lished, and  if  any  one  of  them  desired  to  accept  that 
offer  he  should  appear  before  the  governor  in  order  that 
a  pueblo  might  be  designated  as  his  place  of  residence. 

1209  IVIEMORANDA,  1844. 

1210  HEIRS  OF  EUSEBIO  RAEL,  by  their  attorney,  Juan 

Gonzales,  1826. 

Petition  to  build  on  land  formerly  in  dispute  with  the 
Indians  of  Sandia.     Antonio  Narbona,  Governor. 


354  THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Letter  from  Juan  Gonzales  to  Governor  Narbona,  stat- 
ing that  the  heirs  of  Eusebio  Rael  had  represented  to  him 
that  they  were  left  without  either  lands  or  houses,  on  ac- 
count of  having  paid  the  debts  owed  by  their  father  then 
deceased,  etc.,  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  a  controversy 
between  them  and  the  Indians  of  Sandia  had  been  de- 
cided in  favor  of  said  heirs,  they  asked  permission  to 
build  their  house  there  and  go  to  work  to  settle  other 
debts,  etc. 

This  letter  is  dated  June  10,  1826,  and  in  the  margin 
thereof  is  a  rough  draft  of  the  governor's  reply,  portions 
of  which  are  practically  illegible.  The  purport  of  it,  how- 
ever, appears  to  be  that  the  heirs  of  Rael  could  not  build 
on  the  land  about  which  they  had  been  disputing  with 
the  Indians  unless  the  latter  voluntarily  agreed  to  such 
an  arrangement. 

1211  LUIS  MARIA  CABEZA  de  BACA.    1821. 

His  petition  for  lands  referred  to  in  an  unsigned  letter. 

1212  ANDRES  ORTEGA. 

Will.    Santa  Fe,  1821.    Manuel  Baca,  Sargento. 

1213  JOSE  JOAQUIN  MONTOYA.    1821. 

Letter  to  Governor  Melgares  in  relation  to  the  abandon- 
ment of  granted  lands  in  the  District  of  Xenies. 

1214  OJO  CALIENTE.    1840. 

Discovery  of  mineral. 

1215  ORDENANZA  de  INTENDENTES,  1793. 

Pedro  de  Nava.  His  lettei'  to  Governor  Fernando  de  la 
Concha  in  relation  to  the  provisional  approval  of  action 
in  regard  thereto. 

1216  SANTIAGO  ABREU,  1837.    Cienega.   Santa  Fe. 

1217  PEDRO  ARMENDARIS,  1846. 

Protests  against  the  government  granting  to  other  per- 
sons lands  already  granted  to  him. 

Don  Pedro  Armendaris  was  a  prominent  citizen  of 
New  Mexico,  having  been  alcalde  during  a  long  period. 
In  1820  he  made  application  to  the  Spanish  government 
for  a  grant  of  land  lying  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Rio 
Grande,  opposite  his  ranch  known  as  "Valverde."  The 
application  was  granted  and  the  lands  were  allotted  to 
him ;  several  years  later  he  was  driven  from  the  property 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  355 

by  the  Navajos.  Don  Pedro  left  New  Mexico  and  became 
a  citizen  of  Chihuahua.  After  the  Treaty  of  Guadalupe 
Hidalgo,  Armendaris  made  a  contract  with  two  American 
citizens,  Hugh  N.  Smith  and  Thomas  Biggs,  whereby,  for 
services  rendered  in  perfecting  the  title  to  his  grants. 
Smith  and  Biggs  became  the  owners  of  four  thousand 
acres  of  the  land  grant,  lying  opposite  the  old  Armendaris 
ranch  of  Valverde  —  the  present  town-site  of  San  Mar- 
cial,  in  Socorro  county.  This  grant  was  confirmed  by  Con- 
gress in  1860,  surveyed  in  1877,  and  patented  in  1878. 

The  grants  contained  490,000  acres,  a  large  portion  of 
which  are  situate  on  the  west  side  of  the  Rio  Grande. 

Upon  this  property  the  government  of  the  United  States 
is  now  constructing  one  of  the  largest  dams  and  reservoirs 
for  irrigation  purposes  in  the  world,  the  Elephant  Butte 
project.  The  lands  granted  to  Armendaris  are  now  the 
property  of  the  Victorio  Land  and  Cattle  Company. 

1218  JUAN  MARTIN  BUSTOS.    Santa  Cruz  cle  la  Can- 
ada, 1813. 

Question  of  lands  with  the  Madrids. 

1219  FRANCISCO  de  JESUS  de  ESPEXO.  Alburquerque. 

Will.  1733.  Also  proceedings  in  the  settlement  of  his  es- 
tate.   Joseph  Perez  Mangos,  Alcalde. 

1220  MANUEL  VIGIL. 

Will.    8a7ita  Fe,  1733.    Antonio  de  Uribarri,  Alcalde. 

1221  SALVADOR  MARTINEZ. 

Petition.  Alhurqucrque.  1736.  Asks  that  property  inher- 
ited by  his  wife  be  delivered  to  her.  Gervasio  Cruzat  y 
Gongora,  Governor. 

1222  ANTONIO  PACHECO.     Santa  Fe. 

Will.     No  date.     Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  Alcalde. 

1223  DIMAS  XIRON  de  TEGEDA.    Santa  Fe. 

Will.     No  date.     Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  Alcalde. 

1224  PHELIPA  de  ROJAS.     Santa  Fe.     1736. 

Inventory  of  her  estate.    Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  Alcalde. 

1225  JUAN  GARCIA  de  NORIEGA.    Santa  Fe. 

Will.     No  date.     Antonio  de  Ulibarri.  Alcalde. 


356  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

1226  JUANA  DE  ANAYA  ALMAZAN.    Santa  Fe.    1736. 

"Will.    Juan  ]\Ianuel  Chirinos.    JManuel  Thenorio  de  Alva. 

1227  MIGUEL  de  SANDOVAL  MARTINEZ  to  Antonio 
Truxillo. 

Land  at  Pojoaque.     1733.     Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  Alcalde. 

Deed,  dated  April  8,  1733,  by  Miguel  de  Sandoval 
Martinez  to  Antonio  Trujillo,  for  a  ranch  at  Pojoaque. 

The  grantor  states  that  he  acquired  the  land  from  Car- 
los Lopez  and  the  latter 's  mother,  Ana  de  Tapia,  who  had 
it  by  grant  made  by  Governor  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez 
Cubero  in  the  year  1701 ;  that  he  does  not  attempt  to  sell 
all  the  land  described  in  the  grant,  because  before  they 
sold  to  him  they  had  sold  a  portion  of  the  land  to  the 
Indians  of  Pojoaque. 

The  part  sold  to  the  Indians  is  not  described,  but  the 
part  conveyed  by  Sandoval  to  Trujillo  had  the  following 
boundaries:  "On  the  east  side  a  main  ditch  which  sep- 
arates the  lands  of  the  natives  of  said  pueblo  (Pojoaque), 
on  the  west  side  the  main  road  which  goes  to  San  Juan, 
on  the  north  side  by  the  main  ditch  which  crosses  the 
main  road,  on  the  south  side  by  a  small  ditch,  before 
coming  to  the  river,  by  which  the  Indians  irrigate  their 
little  gardens." 

1228  ALPHONSO  RAEL  de  AGUILAR  to  Juan  Joseph 
Moreno.    1733. 

House  and  lands.  Santa  Fe.  Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  Al- 
calde. 

1229  FRANCISCO  TRUXILLO  to  Juan  Angel  Gonzales. 
Santa  Fe,  1733. 

House  and  lands.     Antonio  de  Ulibarri,  Alcalde. 

1230  JUAN  ROMERO.    Banished.    1734. 

1231  JOSEPH  BACA.    Alburquerqiie. 

Will.  1766.  Juan  Xptobal  Sanchez,  Alcalde.  Also  pro- 
ceedings before  Pedro  Fermin  de  Mendinueta  in  relation 
to  some  sheep. 

1232  SANTO  DOMINGO. 

Claim  of  Indians  to  lands  adjoining  Cochiti. 

Letter  of  August  14,  1808,  from  Friar  Antonio  Cabal- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  357 

lero,  at  the  mission  of  Cochiti,  to  Don  Alberto  Maynez, 
acting  governor  of  New  Mexico. 

The  friar  says  that  the  Indians  of  Santo  Domingo, 
whose  mission  is  under  his  charge,  came  to  him  and  asked 
him  to  write  to  the  governor  for  them,  because  they 
could  not  explain  themselves  clearly;  that  they  were  ac- 
quainted with  the  boundaries  of  their  league ;  that  they 
wanted  the  governor  to  know  about  a  piece  of  land,  on 
the  west  side  of  the  river  (Rio  Grande),  which  extended 
as  far  as  the  old  pueblo  of  Cochiti,  and  for  which  they 
had  paid  400  pesos ;  that  the  old  pueblo  of  Cochiti  was  at 
a  place  where  there  was  a  medium  sized  hill  called  Los 
Chicos,  as  the  governor  could  see  from  the  recitals  in  the 
deed;  that  this  was  the  land  they  asked  for,  and  asked 
for  with  reason,  for  they  had  bought  it ;  that  the  governor 
would  see  from  the  instrument  which  they  would  show 
to  him  who  it  was  that  had  sold  it  to  them;  that  the 
writer  made  this  lengthy  explanation  in  order  that  the 
governor  might  not  have  the  trouble  of  trying  to  under- 
stand the  statements  made  by  the  Indians. 

In  a  claim  filed  with  the  court  of  private  land  claims, 
no  record  or  evidence  of  which  is  to  be  found  in  the 
archives,  a  grant  of  land  was  claimed  to  have  been  made 
by  the  Spanish  government  on  August  2,  1728,  to  a  resi- 
dent of  Alburquerque,  named  Antonio  Lucero ;  this  grant 
or  claim  is  known  as  the  Canada  de  Cochiti.  It  was  lo- 
cated on  the  mesa  of  Cochiti,  east  of  the  center  of  the 
county  of  Sandoval,  and  Lucero 's  petition  showed  bound- 
aries as  follows:  On  the  north  by  the  old  pueblo  of  Co- 
chiti; on  the  east  by  the  Del  Norte  river;  on  the  south 
by  the  lands  of  the  natives  of  the  pueblo ;  on  the  west  by 
the  Jemez  mountains.  The  amount  of  land  claimed  under 
this  grant  was  104,554  acres.  The  petition  gave  as  the 
northerly  limit  the  old  pueblo  to  which  the  Indians  re- 
treated during  the  uprising  of  1680.  The  investigation 
made  by  the  officials  of  the  department  of  justice  in  the 
court  of  private  land  claims  showed  that  the  Indians  al- 
most unanimously  agreed  that  their  traditions  were  that 
the  retreat  mentioned  was  made  to  a  pueblo  located  much 
farther  south  than  that  designated  in  the  petition  for 
confirmation  of  the  grant.  The  court  of  private  land 
claims,  on  February  16,  1898,  confirmed  the  grant  and 
ordered  the  survey  to  be  made,  the  north  lioundary  to  be 
located  through  the  center  of  the  old  pueblo  of  Cochiti, 
and  the  western  boundary  to  follow  the  crest  of  the  first 
sierra  of  the  Jemez  mountains;  the  eastern  boundary'  was 


358  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

established  at  the  Rio  Grande,  and  the  southern  at  the 
northern  line  of  the  lands  belonging  to  the  Cochiti  In- 
dians.    The  area  confirmed  was  19,112.78. 

1233  TOM  AS  RIBEROS  (Viveros?).    Santa  Fe. 

Will.     1843.     Santiago  Armijo,  Alcalde. 

1234  SAN  FELIPE  and  SANTA  ANA  Pueblos.    1819. 

Question  of  lands.    Joseph  IMariano  de  la  Peiia,  Alcalde. 

Proceedings  had  in  carrying  into  effect  a  decision  of 
the  Royal  Audiencia  with  regard  to  the  sale  of  certain 
lands  by  the  pueblo  of  San  Felipe  to  Spanish  citizens, 
said  lands  in  fact  not  being  the  property  of  the  vendors 
but  really  belonging  to  the  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of  Santa 
Ana. 

On  August  5,  1819,  Don  Jose  Mariano  de  la  Peiia,  chief 
alcalde  of  Alburquerque,  who  had  been  appointed  by 
Acting  Governor  Facundo  Melgares  to  carry  out  the  de- 
cision of  the  Royal  Audiencia,  called  together  the  people 
of  San  Felipe  and  the  citizens  to  whom  they  had  sold  the 
lands,  and  explained  to  the  Indians  that  they  must  make 
good  to  the  citizens  the  sales  which  they  had  improperly 
made  to  them  of  lands  which  had  been  decided  to  belong 
to  Santa  Ana. 

The  Indians  decided  that  to  Juan  Domingo  Archiveque, 
Juan  Pablo  Archiveque,  Francisco  Gutierrez,  Jose  Garcia, 
Alonso  Garcia,  and  Bias  Chavez,  they  would  give  lands 
which  they  owned  by  purchase  at  Algodones,  the  pur- 
chasers being  satisfied  with  this  arrangement. 

The  value  of  the  lands  purchased  from  the  Indians  by 
Don  Juan  Bautista  Gonzales  amounted  to  2,434  pesos,  ac- 
cording to  the  values  recognized  at  that  time.  The  In- 
dians Avere  willing  to  make  this  good,  but  they  objected 
to  giving  that  amount  of  land,  although  they  had  unim- 
proved lands  which  they  had  purchased  on  the  west  side 
of  the  river.  Both  the  alcalde  and  the  protector  of  In- 
dians, Don  Ignacio  ]\Iaria  Sanchez  y  Vergara,  tried  to 
persuade  them  that  it  would  be  better  to  give  the  lands 
than  to  pay  money,  and  left  them  to  think  over  the  matter, 
thus  concluding  the  proceedings  for  that  day. 

On  August  7,  1819,  Peiia  again  took  up  the  matter  and 
proceeded  to  the  lands  which  the  Indians  were  to  give  to 
the  citizens  in  place  of  those  which  they  had  formerly 
sold  to  them.  He  then  measured  to  each  purchaser  what 
belonged  to  him  according  to  the  recitals  of  his  deed.  In 
connection  with  this  feature  of  the  case  Pena  makes  the 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  359 

following  statement :  ' '  and  as  all  purchased  uncultivated 
land  and  now  they  delivered  it  cultivated,  for  the  im- 
provements of  them  there  was  assigned  respectively  to 
each  one  the  fourth  part  for  his  purchase,  and  both  in- 
terested parties  remained  satisfied,"  etc.  If  my  transla- 
tion of  this  statement  is  not  very  clear,  it  is  at  least  as 
clear  as  the  original,  the  meaning  of  which  in  many  places 
is  very  obscure. 

The  next  proceeding  is  dated  August  12,  1819.  Peila 
states  that  the  governor  of  San  Felipe  and  one  of  the 
principal  men  being  present,  they  agreed  to  give  to  Juan 
Bautista  Gonzales  some  of  the  land  which  the  pueblo 
owned  by  purchase  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  at  a 
place  called  Las  Lemitas ;  that  he  then  went  to  said  place 
and  measured  from  the  boundary  of  the  community  of 
Santa  Ana  toward  the  north  1,000  varas;  that  at  this 
point  Gonzales  and  the  governor  of  the  pueblo  got  into  a 
dispute  over  several  points  on  which  they  could  not  agree, 
so  the  matter  was  left  in  that  condition  and  the  parties 
went  home. 

On  August  13,  1819,  Peiia  ordered  the  San  Felipe  peo- 
ple to  present  to  him  the  deed  of  purchase  of  the  land 
which  had  been  in  dispute.  He  states  that  the  document 
was  from  the  year  1753,  and  acknowledged  before  Don 
Tomas  Velez  Cachupin,  and  that  the  boundarj^  which  it  cites 
is  the  old  Angostura  on  the  south,  and  the  boundary  of  the 
pueblo  of  San  Felipe  on  the  north,  the  edge  of  the  river  on 
the  west,  and  the  hills  on  the  east. 

Peiia  comes  to  the  conclusion  that  these  boundaries, 
taken  in  connection  with  other  matters  within  his  knowl- 
edge, show  that  he  was  correct  in  the  decision  he  had 
made  in  the  month  of  May  when  he  reported  to  the  Royal 
Audiencia  of  the  district  that  the  land  in  question  did  not 
belong  to  San  Felipe,  but  to  Santa  Ana.  He  adds  that 
perhaps  the  mistake  made  by  the  San  Felipe  people  in 
selling  the  land  was  made  through  ignorance.  Finally  he 
transmits  the  proceedings  to  Governor  INIelgares  for  the 
decision  of  that  officer. 

The  style  of  composition  of  this  man  Peiia  is  such  as 
to  make  it  very  difficult  in  many  instances  to  understand 
what  he  meant,  and  practically  impossible  to  make  an  in- 
telligible translation  of  much  that  he  said. 

1235  JOSE  ORTEGA.    Santa  Fe. 

Will.    1825.    Francisco  Garcia,  Cabo. 


360  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

1236  GALISTEO. 

Petition  in  regard  to  the  construction  of  a  reservoir.  1840. 

1237  MARIA  ROSALIA  DURAN  de  ARMIJO.  Santa  Fe. 

Will.     1768.     Phelipe  Tafoya,  Alcalde. 

1238  No  value. 

Relative  to  the  money  known  as  Pesos  de  la  Tierra,  which 
the  writer  says  is  an  imaginary  money? 

1239  No  value. 

1240  No  value. 

1241  MATEO  GARCIA.    1833. 

Report  of  committee  on  his  petition  for  land  at  Ahiquiu. 
Suspended  because  land  was  in  litigation. 

1242  No  value. 

1243  TRANSMITTAL  of  Cases  of  Indians  of  CocUtl  The 

Ortizes  and  Indians  of  Santo  Domingo  vs.  Luis  Baca. 

To  the  Royal  Audience  at  Guadalajara.     1817. 

Rough  draft  of  a  letter,  dated  December  17,  1817,  prob- 
ably by  Pedro  Maria  de  Allande,  to  the  attorney,  Don 
Bias  Abidiano  y  Tassol,  in  the  City  of  Mexico,  stating 
that  all  the  documents  in  a  formal  expediente,  then  ex- 
isting in  the  government  archives,  and  relating  to  the 
Cile  (Sile?)  ranch,  which  was  in  litigation  between  the 
Indians  of  Cochiti  and  the  Ortizes,  and  the  Indians  of 
Santo  Domingo  with  Don  Luis  Baca,  had  been  sent  to 
the  Royal  Audiencia  of  Guadalajara  on  May  31,  1817,  be- 
cause of  their  having  been  requested  in  a  letter,  Janu- 
ary 31. 

1244  ANTONIO  ARMIJO  and  70  Families. 

Draft  of  title  to  lands  at  junction  of  the  rivers  Sapello, 
Mora,  and  Coyote,  in  Mora  county,  1837.  Not  signed. 
Grantees  not  designated. 

1245  INDIANS  OF  XEMES  vs.  RAFAEL  GARCIA,  1833. 

Question  of  boundaries.     Salvador  Montoya,  Alcalde. 

Letter  of  April  18,  1833,  from  the  alcalde,  Salvador 
Montoya,  to  the  jefe  politico,  asking  for  instructions  in 
regard  to  measuring  the  league  of  the  pueblo  of  Jemez. 

It  appears  that  the  alcalde  had  already  made  a  measure- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  361 

ment  at  the  request  of  Rafael  Garcia,  beginning  at  the 
church  in  the  pueblo,  and  measuring  the  league  with  a 
hair  rope  50  varas  in  length.  This  resulted  in  the  measure- 
ment of  the  league  extending  over  into  lands  of  Garcia 
about  one  hundred  varas.  Thereupon  the  rope  with  which 
the  line  had  been  measured  was  again  tested,  and  it  was 
discovered  that  it  had  stretched  almost  a  vara,  so  the 
parties  agreed  that  50  varas  of  the  overlap  of  100  should 
be  allowed  to  Garcia. 

Subsequently  some  question  arose  between  the  alcalde 
and  the  parties  in  regard  to  the  payment  of  the  former's 
fees,  and  also  between  Garcia  and  the  Indians  as  to  the 
proper  manner  of  making  the  measurement.  Garcia  was 
not  satisfied,  and  wanted  the  distance  of  5,000  varas 
measured  anew  with  poles  instead  of  a  rope.  The  In- 
dians insisted  that  as  they  were  settled  there  prior  to 
Garcia,  the  land  should  be  measured  with  a  rope,  as  it 
had  been  when  it  was  first  given  to  them,  and  that  the 
measurement  should  begin  from  their  first  church  instead 
of  the  one  in  existence  at  the  time  of  the  controversy. 

Apparently  the  contending  parties  made  a  good  deal 
of  trouble  for  the  alcalde,  and  he  sought  the  advice  of 
the  governor,  not  only  in  regard  to  the  proper  manner  of 
making  the  measurement  of  the  league,  but  also  as  to  his 
fees  in  the  matter.  But  he  did  not  get  much  consolation 
from  that  officer.  On  the  back  of  the  letter  to  the  gov- 
ernor is  a  rough  draft  of  his  reply,  dated  April  23,  1833. 
He  tells  the  alcalde  that  it  is  not  the  governor's  business 
to  resolve  doubts  that  may  arise  in  the  minds  of  the  al- 
caldes with  respect  to  the  administration  of  justice,  and 
that  the  alcalde  had  better  consult  an  attorney ;  that  with 
respect  to  his  fees  he  should  be  governed  by  the  schedule 
of  fees  in  force  in  his  district,  or  in  lack  of  the  latter,  to 
the  well  established  custom  in  such  matters,  provided  it 
was  not  in  conflict  with  the  laws. 

1246  DOMINGO  SANCHES.    Santa  Fe.    1825. 

Will.     Francisco  Garcia,  Sargento. 

1247  DOMINGO  SAENZ.    Santa  Fe.    1827. 

Will.     Francisco  Garcia,  Sargento. 

1248  TAOS  VALLEY,  1753. 

Order  to  fence  lands  to  avoid  trouble  with  Indians.  Tomas 
Velez  Cachupin,  Governor. 


362  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

1249  MARIA  de  la  LUZ  XARAMILLO. 

Will.     Santa  Fe,  1825.     Jose  de  Laraiiaga,  Cabo. 

1250  PRIVILEGES  of  DESCENDANTS  of  CONQUER- 
ORS, 1694. 

El  Conde  de  Galve. 

1251  CIENEGA  of  Santa  Fe.    1705.    1717. 

Francisco  Cuerbo  y  Valdes,  Governor.  Juan  Paez  Hur- 
tado,  Governor. 

Proclamation  prohibiting  the  pasture  of  animals  in  the 
cienega  at  Santa  Fe,  March  27,  1717,  by  Captain  Gen- 
eral Juan  Paez  Hurtado ;  signed  also  by  Miguel  Thenorio 
de  Alba. 

Another  proclamation  by  Don  Francisco  Cuervo  y 
Valdez,  governor  and  captain-general;  same  prohibition; 
April  25,  1705 ;  a  violation  of  the  order  was  penalized  by 
''un  mez  de  carceV  and  the  second  by  two  months  guard- 
ing the  horseherd  of  the  royal  garrison.  This  order  has 
a  fine  signature  of  Governor  Cuervo  y  Valdez  and  also  of 
Captain  Alonso  Rael  de  Aguilar. 

1252  TITLES  to  Granted  Lands.    Notice  to  all  persons  to 
present.     Santa  Fe,  1707. 

El  Marques  de  la  Penuela. 

1253  FRANCISCA  ANTONIA  de  GUIJOSA.     1715-1716. 

Piece  of  paper  belonging  to  her  land  grant  papers.  Re- 
ported Claim  No.  109,  q.  v. 

1254  BALTAZAR  ROMERO  to  Alejo  Gutierrez.     Santa 

Fe,  1715. 

House  and  land.  Order  to  give  grantee  testimonio.  Pedro 
de  Villasur,  Lieutenant-Governor. 

1255  CIENEGA  of  Santa  Fe.    1720. 

Pedro  de  Villasur,  Lieutenant-Governor.  Fine  signature. 
April  12,  1720. 

1256  FRANCISCO  de  MASCAREnAS  and  Brothers  vs. 
Juan  Rodriguez. 

Question  of  a  small  tract  of  land  in  Santa  Fe.  1737.  En- 
rique de  Ola  vide  y  iNIichelena,  Governor.  Manuel  Sainz 
de  Garvisu.     Pedro  Joseph  de  Leon. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  363 

1257  NEW  MEXICO  and  NEW  BISCAY.  1745.  Bound- 
aries. 

Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  Governor. 

1258  INVENTORY  of  Documents  in  the  government  arch- 
ives delivered  by  Joachin  Codallos  y  Rabal  to  Tomas 
Velez  Cachupin,  his   successor,  1749. 

1259  MINING  REGULATIONS.  1777.  Comandante  Gen- 
eral de  las  Provincias  Internas  del  N.  E.  Cahallero  de 
la  Croix.     This  officer  was  the  first  to  hold  this  office. 

1260  EL  CABALLERO  de  CROIX.     1780. 

Letter  to  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  Governor. 

1261  RECORD  of  Brands  and  Land  Grants,  made  appar- 
ently by  order  of  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  Governor. 
Signed  by  him.    Santa  Fe,  1787. 

The  land  grants  are  as  follows: 

Domingo  Romero,  Manuel  Ortiz,  Miguel  Ortiz,  1782. 
The  Mesita  de  Juana  Lopez.  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza, 
Governor. 

This  grant  was  surveyed  in  1876  and  confirmed  by  con- 
gress January  28,  1879.  There  was  a  conflict  with  the 
grant  to  the  pueblo  of  Santo  Domingo  and  a  conflict  with 
the  Ortiz  Mine  Grant.  The  conflict  with  the  Santo  Do- 
mingo was  a  strip  six  miles  long  and  nearly  a  mile  in  width 
of  the  eastern  end  of  the  Pueblo  Grant.  The  confirmation 
confirms  the  title  to  all  included  within  the  survey  of 
1876.  In  1907  a  new  survey  of  the  Pueblo  Grant  was 
made  and  resulted  in  greatly  increasing  the  conflict  with 
the  Mesita  de  Juana  Lopez,  the  conflict  under  the  last 
survey  being  about  20,000  acres.  The  fact  that  the  Pu- 
eblo Grant  had  been  patented  seems  to  have  made  no  dif- 
ference in  the  making  of  the  order  for  the  new  survey. 
The  Juana  Lopez  has  not  been  patented,  but  that,  under 
the  wording  of  the  act  of  confirmation,  is  considered  un- 
necessary. 

Sabinal.  Order  that  the  new  settlers  be  put  in  posses- 
sion.    1782.     Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  Governor. 

Jose  Apodaca,  Diego  Gonzales,  Pablo  Anaya.  Lands 
at  Alburquerqiie.  1782.  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  Govern- 
or. 

Mateo  Roibal.     1782.     Grant  of  lands  at  Jacona,  for- 


364  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

merly  granted  to  Ignacio  Roibal  in  1702,  by  Pedro  Rod- 
riguez Ciibero,  Governor.  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  Gov- 
ernor. 

This  land  was  at  the  pueblo  of  Jaeona  (Tewa)  aban- 
doned in  1696.  Ignacio  Roibal  was  one  of  the  soldiers 
under  General  De  Vargas,  with  the  rank  of  ensign;  his 
wife  was  Francisca  Gomez;  a  portion  of  the  site  of  the 
old  pueblo  and  its  lands  had  already  been  granted  to 
Captain  Jacinto  Pelaes,  when  Ignacio  Roibal  petitioned 
for  the  remainder.  Roibal  was  a  man  of  some  means,  as 
he  stated  to  the  governor  that  he  had  sufficient  live  stock 
to  use  the  entire  property  for  grazing  purposes ;  the  prop- 
erty was  bounded  on  the  east  by  the  lands  of  Juan  de 
Mestas  and  lands  of  Oyu  (formerly  of  Francisco  Anaya 
de  Almazan)  ;  on  the  north  by  the  road  which  leads  to  the 
new  village  of  Jaeona  and  some  bluffs  above  said  road; 
on  the  west  by  a  caiiada,  which  comes  down  by  a  house 
built  by  Matias  Madrid  and  some  red  bluffs  near  the  small 
mesa  of  San  Yldefonzo;  and  on  the  south  by  the  forest 
between  this  village  and  Jaeona.  The  property  was  given 
to  him  October  2,  1702,  by  the  castellan,  Pedro  Rod- 
riguez Cubero.  at  the  time  governor  and  captain-general. 
At  this  time  Captain  Pelaez  was  dead  and  his  son  had  in- 
herited the  tract  given  to  the  captain.  The  place  has  been 
occupied  by  the  descendants  of  the  original  grantee  ever 
since  and  is  now  known  as  "Los  Roibales. " 

Roque  Lovato.  Grant.  Lands  at  Santa  Fe.  1785.  Juan 
Bautista  de  Anza,  Governor. 

This  grant  had  for  its  boundaries,  on  the  north  the  top 
of  the  dividing  line  or  ridge  between  Santa  Fe  and 
Tesuque ;  on  the  south  the  road  running  along  the  foot  of 
the  hills  eastward  from  the  "Muralla"  in  Santa  Fe;  on 
the  east  some  black  hills,  and  on  the  west  the  road  from 
Santa  Fe  to  Rio  Arriba. 

Roque  Lobato  was  an  armorer  in  the  royal  garrison  of 
Santa  Fe ;  the  grant  was  made  September  23,  1785,  by 
Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  governor  and  captain-general, 
and  possession  was  given  by  Jose  Maldonado.  At  this 
time  Jose  Miguel  de  la  Peila  was  chief  alcalde  and  war- 
captain  of  the  Villa  of  Santa  Fe  and  its  jurisdiction. 
Roque  Lobato  died  the  same  year  and  his  widow,  Josefa 
Armijo,  on  account  of  a  debt  of  $450.00,  created  by  her 
late  husband  "at  the  house  of  Jose  Ortiz,"  for  the  pay- 
ment of  which  her  husband  had  sold  the  property  to  a 
soldier  named  Jose  Ribera,  deeded  the  property  to  Ri- 
bera. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  365 

The  "IMuralla"  was  an  old  rampart  or  fort  on  the  out- 
skirts of  the  City  of  Santa  Fe,  in  the  direction  of  Tesuque. 
This  property  belonged  to  Don  Gaspar  Ortiz  in  1851. 

Lorenzo  Marques.  Grant.  1785.  Lands  at  the  Canada 
de  los  Alamos.    Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  Governor. 

Bartolome  Marquez  and  Francisco  Padilla  received  a 
grant  of  land  near  the  city  of  Santa  Fe  from  Don  Gaspar 
Domingo  de  Mendoza  in  1742.  It  contains  about  1,300 
acres  and  is  described :  "On  the  east  the  Arroyo  of  Tierra 
Blanca ;  on  the  west  the  road  leading  to  Pecos ;  where  the 
lands  of  Cayetano,  squadron  corporal,  adjoin;  on  the 
south  the  Arroyo  Chamizos;  and  on  the  north  the  high 
hills,  the  boundary  of  the  lands  of  Captain  Antonio  Mon- 
toya,  deceased." 

A  grant  was  made  to  Lorenzo  Marquez  in  1785,  by 
Don  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza;  the  land  covered  a  "surplus 
to  the  lands  of  Captain  Sebastian  De  Vargas;  on  the 
south  and  west  it  adjoined  the  little  valley  called  La 
Canada  de  La  Tierra ;  on  the  east  the  Pecos  road  going  to 
the  ranchos  of  La  Cienega."  Possession  was  given  by  Don 
Antonio  Jose  Ortiz,  senior  alcalde  of  Santa  Fe,  in  the 
presence  of  Diego  Montoya,  Gabriel  Ortiz,  and  Antonio 
Lujan  and  the  "only  adjoining  settler,"  Jose  Maria  Mon- 
toya. This  property  was  sold  by  the  heirs  of  Marquez  to 
Simon  Delgado,  Pablo  Delgado,  Fernando  Delgado,  and 
Felipe  Delgado,  on  June  20,  1856. 

Antonio  de  Armenta.  Grant.  1786.  Salvador  Antonio 
Sandoval.  Lands  between  the  pueblos  of  Zia  and  Xemes. 
Town  of  San  Isidro  Grant.  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  gov- 
ernor. 

The  Town  of  San  Isidro  Grant  lies  between  the  Jemez 
and  Zia  Grants.  The  records  of  the  surveyor-general  do 
not  show  that  any  patent  has  ever  been  issued  for  this 
property. 

Wlienever  a  grant  was  applied  for.  the  tract  being  ad- 
jacent to  any  of  the  lands  belonging  to  the  pueblos,  in 
nearly  every  instance  the  "league"  of  the  pueblos  is  re- 
ferred to  and  the  consent  of  the  pueblos  seems  to  have 
been  secured  before  the  making  of  a  grant  or  the  putting 
in  possession  of  the  applicant.  This  clearly  appears  in 
the  grant  to  the  original  settlers  of  San  Isidro  de  Los 
Dolores,  in  the  act  of  possession  and  in  the  petition  itself. 
The  act  of  possession  is  as  follows: 

"At  this  point  of  San  Isidro  de  Los  Dolores,  on  the  16th 
day  of  the  month  of  IMay,  in  the  year  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  eighty-six,  I,  Don  Antonio  Nerio  IMontoya, 


366  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

senior  justice  and  war-captain  of  the  jurisdiction  of  San 
Carlos  de  la  Alameda,  by  virtue  of  the  commission  con- 
ferred upon  me  by  Don  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  colonel  of 
cavalry  of  the  royal  armies  of  His  Majesty,  political  and 
military  governor  of  this  Province  of  New  Mexico,  being 
at  the  aforementioned  place,  having  summoned  the  natives 
of  the  Pueblos  of  San  Diego  de  Jemez  and  Cia,  who  are 
adjacent  residents,  and  having  measured  the  league  be- 
longing to  them,  with  two  hundred  and  sixty-two  varas 
more,  w^ith  which  they  expressed  themselves  satisfied ;  some 
of  the  Indians  having  planted  some  small  patches  and  not 
to  offend  them,  I  allowed  them  to  retain  possession  of 
them,  with  your  Excellency's  permission.  I  also  pro- 
ceeded to  the  Pueblo  of  Cia  and  measured  the  league  be- 
longing to  that  pueblo,  with  the  further  amount  of  one 
thousand  six  hundred  and  thirty-two  varas  which  the  In- 
dians purchased  from  Juan  Galvan,  as  shown  by  the  title 
deeds  of  said  purchase,  and  the  aforementioned  lands  I 
assigned  and  added  thereto  one  thousand  varas  more,  the 
Indians  having  asked  me  for  it,  and  the  said  Indians  hav- 
ing shown  to  me  a  sale  made  by  the  late  Miguel  Montoya, 
which  boundaries  are  in  a  caiion  commonly  called  El  Rito 
Salado ;  that  this  canon  is  the  pasture  ground  and  summer 
range  of  their  cattle;  the  boundaries  for  which  land  are 
the  same  called  for  in  the  title-deed;  on  the  north  a  red 
hill;  on  the  south  a  white  table-land,  and  on  the  east  the 
Jemez  river  itself;  and  having  informed  myself  of  the 
contents  of  the  two  deeds,  and  having  found  in  them  only 
what  has  been  above  stated,  I  gave  the  two  pueblos  to  un- 
derstand what  belonged  to  each  of  them  —  that  of  Cia 
what  they  had  acquired  by  purchase,  and  that  of  Jemez 
what  had  been  granted  to  them  by  His  Majesty;  and  be- 
lieving that  neither  of  the  two  Pueblos  was  entitled  to 
the  piece  of  ground  which  is  unoccupied,  and  it  being  the 
intention  of  our  sovereign  that  his  lands  shall  be  settled 
upon  by  his  subjects  wherever  there  may  be  any  surplus, 
and  finding  no  impediment,  and  by  virtue  of  the  commis- 
sion which  I  hold  from  His  Excellency,  I  proceeded  to  the 
land  lying  between  the  two  Pueblos,  which,  upon  being 
measured,  was  found  to  contain  two  thousand  nine  hun- 
dred varas,  and  no  person  appearing  who  claimed  a  better 
right,  both  Pueblos  being  present,  as  well  as  the  Senior 
Justice,  Antonio  de  Armenta,  and  the  militia  sergeant, 
Salvador  Antonio  Sandoval,  and  being  informed  of  all  the 
circumstances,  I  took  them  by  the  hand,  walked  with  them 
over  the  land,  they  pulled  grass,  threw  stones  toward  the 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  367 

four  winds  of  heaven,  and  we  all  exclaimed  three  times, 
"Long  life  to  the  King,  Our  Sovereign,"  (whom  may  God 
preserve),  in  proof  of  legal  possession  which  I  gave  them, 
and  they  received  quietly  and  peacefully,  without  any  op- 
position; the  boundaries  whereof  are  as  follows:  on  the 
north  the  lands  of  Jemez;  on  the  south  the  lands  of  the 
Pueblo  of  Zia;  on  the  west  the  mountain  of  the  Espiritu 
Santo  Spring,  at  the  place  commonly  called  Los  Bancos; 
on  the  east  the  lands  of  the  aforementioned  senior  justice, 
Antonio  Nerio  Montoya,  which  is  the  road  leading  from 
Cochiti  to  Jemez.  And  having  assigned  their  boundaries, 
and  no  injury  resulting  thereby,  and  being  satisfied  with 
them,  I  directed  them  to  erect  permanent  boundaries; 
and  in  order  that  it  may  so  appear,  I,  Antonio  Nerio  Mon- 
toya, as  conunissioner  and  senior  justice,  at  the  same 
time,  signed  with  two  attending  witnesses,  with  whom  I 
act  in  the  a])sence  of  a  royal  or  public  notary,  there  be- 
ing none  in  this  Kingdom;  to  which  I  certify. 

"Nerio  Antonio  Montoya 
Witnesses:     Toribio  Gonzales,  Salvador  Lopez." 


<  ( 


1262  SOLDIERS'  QUARTERS  at  Santa  Fe,  1788,  1790, 
1791. 

1263  PEDRO  DE  NAVA.    October  22,  1791. 

Decision  that  notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  Article 
81  of  the  Ordinances  of  Intendentes,  Captains  of  Presidios 
may  grant  lots  and  other  lands  within  the  four  leagues 
belonging  to  each  presidio. 

On  October  22,  1791,  Don  Pedro  de  Nava,  then  com- 
mandant-general of  the  Provincias  Internas,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  viceroy,  promulgated  at  Chihuahua  what 
is  known  as  the  "Order  of  Pedro  de  Nava."  This  order 
made  provision  for  the  allotment  of  lands  by  the  captains 
and  commandants  of  presidios  within  the  presidial  juris- 
diction. 

This  order  of  de  Nava  was  revoked  on  January  19,  1793, 
because  in  violation  of  Article  81  of  the  "Ordinance  of 
Intendants, "  which  gave  those  officers  exclusive  jurisdic- 
tion over  the  sale,  allotment,  and  composition  of  crown 
lands  in  the  provinces  under  their  jurisdiction.  This  or- 
der of  revocation  is  as  follows : 

"In  the  Superior  Board  of  the  Royal  Treasury  His  Ex- 
cellency, the  Viceroy,  approved  provisionally  the  course 
you  took  on  the  22nd  of  October,  1791,  and  which  I  com- 
municated to  you  on  the  same  date,  that,  notwithstand- 


368  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

ing  the  provisions  of  Article  81  of  the  Royal  Ordinance 
of  Intendants,  the  captains  and  commandants  of  presidios 
should  continue  selling  lots  and  lands  to  the  soldiers  and 
residents  who  applied  for  them  in  order  to  establish 
themselves  under  their  protection,  limiting  this  power  to 
the  area  of  four  common  leagues,  measured  from  the  cen- 
ter of  the  plaza  of  each  one.  tw^o  to  each  wind;  but  to  the 
end  that  the  permanent  ruling  that  is  to  be  observed  in 
the  matter  may  be  made  in  said  Superior  Board,  I  was  in- 
structed to  confer  with  said  Captains  and  Commandants 
on  the  consultation  that  furnished  the  occasion  for  making 
that  declaration.  It  was  restricted  substantially,  under 
the  provisions  of  Articles  7,  81,  and  306,  of  said  Ordinance 
of  Intendants,  to  the  order  to  the  Captains  and  Command- 
ants to  suspend  the  apportionment  of  lands  which  they 
were  making  under  Article  I,  title  II,  of  the  regulations 
of  Presidios;  since  those  articles  give  to  said  intendants 
in  the  whole  territory  of  their  several  provinces,  exclusive 
cognizance  of  the  transactions  that  occur  in  the  matter, 
such  as  are  the  sales,  compositions  and  apportionments  of 
crown  and  vacant  lands ;  and  on  the  contrary,  the  treasury 
would  be  deprived  of  the  fees  that  belong  to  it. 

"Afterwards,  there  was  brought  before  His  Excellency, 
the  Viceroy,  the  point  that  said  articles  of  the  Ordinance 
of  Intendants  conferred  on  those  who  filled  those  offices 
absolute  political  jurisdiction  even  in  the  settlements  bor- 
dering upon  the  enemy ;  the  opinion  being  that  it  was  pre- 
judicial for  the  Captains  and  Commandants  of  Presidios 
to  exercise  it  with  prohibition  and  without  the  cognizance 
of  the  governors-intendants,  and  that  it  was  less  so,  for  the 
powder  to  sell  and  apportion  lands  to  belong  exclusively 
to  them. 

"The  first  was  based  on  the  belief  that  the  residents 
would  be  better  governed  by  the  judges  whom  the  In- 
tendant  would  appoint,  they  would  have  less  distant,  the 
appeal  to  the  latter  than  the  commandancy  general  in 
their  complaints  and  grievances,  it  would  cause  them  no 
expense  to  bring  their  suits,  nor  would  they  suffer  the 
vexation  and  annoyances  the  military  and  civil  head  of- 
ficials cause  them,  by  proceeding  despotically  and  arbi- 
trarily in  their  decisions;  so  that  they  saw  themselves 
obliged  not  a  few  times  to  abandon  their  establishments, 
or  they  made  them  leave  them  by  inflicting  banishment 
upon  them  without  hearing  them,  besides,  also,  it  would 
better  facilitate  the  storing  of  grain,  which  the  troops 
need,  inasmuch,  as  the  Intendant  would  attend  to  encour- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  369 

aging  it  among  the  frontier  residents  with  greater  energy 
than  could  the  captains  and  commandants;  and  the  sec- 
ond, in  that  the  royal  treasury  is  prejudiced,  his  Majesty 
failing  to  receive  the  composition  fees  for  the  lands  that 
are  apportioned  in  the  four  jurisdictional  leagues  of  the 
Presidios. 

' '  In  order  to  comply  with  the  resolution  of  the  Superior 
Board,  you  will  immediately  circulate  this  order  to  the 
Captains  and  Commandants  of  Presidios  in  that  Province, 
to  the  end  that  they  may  report  without  delay  through 
you  (and  you  will  do  the  same  with  regard  to  that  of 
Loreto  which  is  under  your  charge),  whatever  occurs  and 
appears  to  them,  together  with  an  individual  notice  of  the 
settlements  contained  in  the  four  leagues  assigned  to  each 
one  as  its  area ;  and  another  of  the  residents  and  settlers 
therein,  with  a  statement  of  the  number  of  persons  of 
both  sexes  that  compose  them,  besides  the  troops. 

"God  preserve  you  many  years. 

"Pedro  de  Nava   [rubric] 

"Chihuahua,  January  19,  1793." 

Under  and  by  virtue  of  the  Ordinance  of  Intendants  of 
December  4,  1786,  New  Spain,  with  the  exception  of  the 
Californias,  was  divided  into  twelve  Intendancies,  as  fol- 
lows: Mexico,  Puebla,  Guadalajara,  Oaxaca,  Guanajuato, 
Merida  de  Yucatan,  Valla dolid,  San  Luis  Potosi,  Durango, 
Vera  Cruz,  Zacatecas,  and  Sonora  and  Sinaloa  (Arispe). 

Each  of  the  foregoing  political  divisions  was  entrusted 
to  an  officer  under  the  name  of  intendant,  who  had  juris- 
diction in  the  four  departments  of  justice,  police,  treasury, 
and  war,  but  the  intendants  of  Sonora  and  Sinaloa 
(Arispe)  and  Durango,  in  matters  of  justice  and  police, 
were  subordinate  to  the  commandants  general  of  their 
provinces,  and  the  other  ten  to  the  viceroy,  and  all  of 
them  to  the  Territorial  Audiencias. 

There  was  also  to  be  an  intendancy  general  of  the  army 
in  the  City  of  Mexico,  and  the  intendant  general  was  the 
delegate  in  Mexico  of  the  superintendency  general  of  the 
royal  treasury  of  the  Indies. 

A  superior  board  of  the  treasury,  to  reside  in  the  City  of 
Mexico,  was  also  created  and  the  intendant  general  was  its 
president. 

Under  Article  81  of  the  Ordinance  of  Intendants,  these 
officers  were  empowered  to  make  sales  and  compositions 
of  the  crown  lands  of  their  several  provinces.  The  orig- 
inal proceedings  had  by  them  were  to  be  forwarded  to  the 


370  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

superior  board  of  the  treasury  for  approval.  The  in- 
tendants  issued  the  titles  upon  such  approval  and  these 
were  again  forwarded  to  the  iDoard  of  confirmation. 

1264  MARIA  ANTONIA  LUCERO.    1791. 

Letter  of  Francisco  Xavier  Bernal  to  Fernando  de  la 
Concha  in  relation  to  her  unwarranted  claim  to  certain 
lands. 

1265  NEW  SETTLEMENTS. 

Copy  of  instructions  for  the  formation  and  management 
of  the  same.  1800.  Certified  by  Manuel  Merino.  21 
pages.    Perfect  copy.    Very  legible. 

1266  CEVILLETA.    1800. 

Draft  of  letter  of  the  Governor  of  New  Mexico  to  Don 
Pedro  de  Nava. 

1267  COLONISTS  from  Louisiana.    1806. 

Letter  of  Nemesio  Salcedo  in  regard  to. 

1268  XEMES.    Juan  de  Abrego,  1806. 

Settlements  at  Xenies.     Letter  to  the  Governor. 

1269  VALLECITO  —  Grantees  of:  1808. 

Two  letters  of  Ignacio  Sanchez  de  Vergara,  in  one  of 
which  the  Vallecito  is  mentioned. 

1270  LANDS   held  by  purchase,   grant,  inheritance,   etc. 

1809. 

Draft  of  a  letter  of  the  Governor  of  New  Mexico  to  Ne- 
mesio Salcedo,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a  letter  in- 
forming him  that  the  time  designated  for  the  re-settle- 
ment of  such  had  expired  and  no  one  should  be  permitted 
to  use  them  without  notice  to  the  authorities. 

1271  FRANCISCO  ORTIZ.    1809. 

Draft  of  a  letter  of  the  Governor  of  New  Mexico  to  Ne- 
mesio Salcedo  in  regard  to  tract  of  land  asked  for  by  said 
Ortiz.  Also  giving  account  of  the  custom  that  had  for- 
merly obtained  in  New  INIexieo  in  the  manner  of  making 
grants.    No.  1081,  q.  v. 

1272  RESIDENCE  of  the  Governor,  Santa  Fe.    1810. 

Describes  the  bad  condition  of  the  palace  in  1810,  which 
had  been  the  residence  of  the  governors. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  371 

1273  SAME  subject. 

Salcedo  writes  to  the  Governor  of  New  Mexico  about  the 
condition  of  the  palace. 

1274  CINNABAR   MINES   in   Neiv   Mexico,   1810.     Not 
known. 

1275  RANCHOS  de  ALBURQUERQUE.     1811.  Jose  An- 
tonio Cbaves. 

Objections  to  the  opening  of  a  road  through  his  land. 

Los  Ranchos  or  Helena  Gallegos  Grant,  R.  No.  156. 

This  property  is  known  as  the  Ranchos  de  Alburquerque 
Grant.  Two  suits  were  filed  in  the  court  of  private  land 
claims  which  were  consolidated  for  the  purposes  of  the 
hearing;  the  grant  was  confirmed  and  later  surveyed  for 
35,000  acres.  The  northern  line  of  this  grant  touches  the 
southeast  corner  of  the  Sandia  Grant.  It  was  patented 
February  25,  1909. 

1276  JOAQUIN  CASTILLO.    1812. 

Question  of  certain  lands  in  the  Belen  Grant  which  he  had 
purchased.     Jose  Antonio  Chaves,  ex-Alcalde. 

1277  LA  MAJADA  Tract.    1813. 

Complaint  against  Miguel  Ortiz. 

1278  DOMINGO  CHAVES.     1813-1820.     Ranclio  de  Per- 

alta. 

Question  of  partition.  Manuel  Ruvi  de  Celis,  Alcalde. 
Bartolome  Baca ;  Facundo  Melgares,  Governor ;  Francisco 
Sarracino;  Francisco  Xavier  Chaves;  Manuel  Aragon. 

1279  INDIANS   OF   SANTA   CLARA   vs.   Indians   Cmi- 

juebes,  1815. 

Question  of  lands.    Miguel  Lopez,  Alcalde. 

Letter  of  November  11,  1815,  from  Miguel  Lopez,  al- 
calde of  Santa  Cruz,  to  the  acting  governor  of  New  Mex- 
ico (probably,  at  that  time,  Alberto  Maynez),  stating  the 
opinion  of  the  alcalde  as  to  the  merits  of  a  controversy 
between  the  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara  and 
certain  individuals  of  the  tribe,  named  Caiijuehes,  who 
had  abandoned  their  tribal  relations  and  become  Spanish 
citizens,  but  who  still  claimed  lands  within  the  pueblo 
grant.  Apparently  this  controversy  had  been  passed  on 
by  the  acting  governor  and  had  at  last  reached  the  com- 
mandant general  at  Durango. 


372  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Evidently  the  alcalde  strongly  favored  the  contention 
of  the  Canjuebes,  and  he  pretty  strongly  intimates  that 
the  governor  had  overlooked  the  justice  of  their  side  of 
the  case. 

The  rough  draft  of  the  governor's  reply  immediately 
follows  the  alcalde's  letter.  It  is  a  scathing  rebuke  of  the 
latter 's  interference  in  a  matter  which  did  not  concern 
him.  The  governor  remarks,  however,  that  he  is  not  sur- 
prised at  it,  as  the  alcalde 's  ignorance  is  notorious. 

1280  BERNARDO  BONA  VIA.    1815. 

Letter  in  regard  to  the  question  raised  in  No.  1279. 

Letter  of  December  27,  1815,  by  Bernardo  Bonavia, 
commandant  general  at  Durango,  to  the  acting  governor 
of  New  Mexico,  approving  his  decision  in  the  matter  of 
the  controversy  between  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara  and 
certain  individuals  of  that  town  who  had  abandoned  their 
tribal  relations,  but  still  desired  to  hold  land  within  the 
pueblo  grant.  This  is  the  same  controversy  referred  to  in 
archivel279. 

Bonavia  directs  the  acting  governor  to  give  the  Can- 
juebes to  understand  that  if  they  want  to  hold  the  lands 
in  dispute,  they  must  go  back  and  become  part  of  the  pu- 
eblo community,  but  if  they  want  to  retain  their  Spanish 
citizenship  they  must  buy  the  lands  they  need  elsewhere, 
as  do  other  citizens  of  the  Province. 

1281  LOS   QUELITES.     1817.     Juan  Jose   Chaves    and 

others. 

Petition  for  the  said  tract.  Refused  and  recommended  to 
go  to  Socorro.  Allande,  Governor.  Josef  IMariano  de  la 
Pena,  Alcalde.     Jose  Gabriel  Sanchez. 

1282  MILITARY  MATTER,  1819. 

1283  LUIS  MARIA  CABEZA  de  BACA.    1819. 

Costs  in  Royal  Audiencia  at  Guadalajara  in  the  matter  of 
the  sale  of  certain  ranchos  to  the  Indians  of  San  Buena- 
ventura de  Cochiti.    Rafael  Cuentas. 

Detailed  statement  of  costs  incurred  in  the  Royal  Audi- 
encia at  Guadalajara  by  Don  Luis  Cabeza  de  Baca  in  a 
suit  had  with  the  Indians  of  Cochiti  in  relation  to  the  sale 
of  some  ranches. 

1284  LETTERS   (2)   of  June  19,  1820,  by  Governor  Fa- 
cundo  Melgares,  one  to  Alejo  Garcia  Conde,   Com- 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  373 

mandant  General,  the  other  to  the  Royal  Audiencia 

of  Guadalajara. 

In  relation  to  certain  costs  due  the  employes  of  that  tri- 
bunal by  Don  Luis  Maria  Cabeza  de  Baca. 

These  costs  were  incurred  in  the  suit  with  the  Cochiti 
Indians  referred  to  in  archive  1283. 

The  governor  says  that  cash  was  so  scarce  that  Baca 
had  been  unable  to  raise  the  amount  of  the  costs  in  money 
(192  pesos  7  reales)  and  consequently  had  turned  over  to 
the  soldiers  of  the  company  at  Santa  Fe  eight  mules, 
which  the  governor  asks  the  commandant  general  to  charge 
to  the  company,  paying  to  the  Royal  Audiencia  the  costs 
in  question. 

1285  CEBOLLETA.    1821. 

Disposition  of  land  in  said  settlement  which  had  belonged 
to  Salvador  Chaves.  It  was  given  to  Juan  Bautista  Chaves 
by  Jose  Manuel  Aragon,  Alcalde.  Mariano  Sanchez  Ver- 
gara,  Alcalde. 

1286  JOSE  MARIA  ALARID.    1821. 

Petition  for  land  at  Las  Nutrias,  Valencia  county.  Not 
granted.  Juan  Cruz  Baca,  Alcalde.  Facundo  Melgares, 
Governor. 

1287  LUIS  MARIA  CABEZA  de  BACA.    1821. 

In  the  matter  of  a  grant  of  land  asked  for  by  him.  De- 
cision of  the  Deputation  of  Duravgo  giving  him  the  tract 
called  Las  Vegas  Grandes.  Diego  Garcia  Conde.  Miguel 
de  Zubiria. 

The  early  history  of  the  Las  Vegas  Grant  is  given  in  a 
report  of  Surveyor-General  William  Pelham.  before  whom 
the  grant  came  for  consideration  in  1858,  and  who  found, 
at  the  time,  that  there  were  two  claimants  to  the  land,  one 
the  heirs  of  Luis  ]\Iaria  Cabeza  de  Baca  and  the  other  the 
Town  of  Las  Vegas. 

On  January  16,  1821,  Luis  Maria  Cabeza  de  Baca,  in 
his  own  name  and  that  of  seventeen  male  children,  peti- 
tioned the  Provincial  Deputation  of  the  State  of  Durango, 
under  whose  jurisdiction,  he  avers,  the  Province  of  New 
Mexico  then  was,  for  a  tract  of  public  land  suitable  for 
cultivation  and  pasture,  called  the  Vegas  Grandes,  on  the 
Gallinas  river,  in  the  jurisdiction  of  El  Bado.  In  this 
petition  he  states  that  a  like  petition  had  been  made  to 
the  authorities  of  the  Province  of  New  Mexico,  and  that, 
by  a  decree  of  the  18th  of  February,  1820,  the  land  was 


374  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

granted  to  him  and  to  eight  other  persons,  but  as  these 
persons  already  possessed  land  elsewhere  they  took  no  in- 
terest in  its  cultivation,  and  prays  that  the  grant  be  made 
to  himself  and  his  aforementioned  children,  with  the  fol- 
lowing boundaries,  to-wut: 

On  the  north,  the  Sapello  river;  on  the  south  the  bound- 
ary of  El  Bado;  on  {jae  west  the  summit  of  the  Pecos 
mountain ;  on  the  east  the  Aguage  de  la  Yegua  and  the 
boundary  of  Don  Antonio  Ortiz. 

Governor  Bartolome  Baca,  on  October  17,  1823,  holding 
the  title  of  political  chief,  directed  the  alcalde  of  El  Bado 
to  place  Luis  Maria  Cabeza  de  Baca  in  possession  of  the 
land  called  for  in  his  petition,  as  the  eight  individuals 
"who  accompanied  him  in  his  first  petition  had  placed  no 
improvements  on  the  land,  and  the  alcalde  was  required  to 
certify  at  the  foot  of  the  order  the  proceedings  had  by 
him  in  the  premises. 

The  claim  of  the  Town  of  Las  Vegas  was  based  upon  the 
following  proceedings : 

On  March  20,  1836,  Juan  de  Dios  ]\Iaese,  Miguel  Archu- 
leta, Manuel  Duran  and  Jose  Antonio  Casados,  for  them- 
selves and  in  the  name  of  twenty-five  others,  petitioned 
the  ayuntamiento  of  El  Bado  for  a  tract  of  land  for 
cultivation  and  pasture,  situated  in  the  county  of  El 
Bado  and  bounded  as  follows :  on  the  north  by  the  Sapello 
river ;  on  the  south  by  the  boundary  of  the  grant  to  Don 
Antonio  Ortiz;  on  the  east  by  the  Aguage  de  la  Yegua; 
and  on  the  west  by  the  boundary  of  the  town  of  El  Bado. 

On  the  same  day  the  ayuntamiento  of  El  Bado  sent  the 
petition  to  the  Territorial  Deputation  with  the  recommend- 
ation that  the  petition  be  granted. 

On  March  23,  1835,  the  grant  was  made  by  the  Terri- 
torial Deputation  with  the  boundaries  asked  for,  with  the 
further  provision  that  persons  who  owned  no  lands  were 
to  be  alloAved  the  same  privileges  of  settling  upon  the 
grant  as  those  who  petitioned  for  it. 

On  March  24,  1835,  Francisco  Sarracino,  acting  gov- 
ernor and  political  chief,  directed  the  constitutional  al- 
calde of  El  Bado  to  place  the  parties  in  possession,  and 
adding :  "It  is  also  convenient  to  suggest  to  you  that  you 
should  select  for  the  settlers  a  townsite  and  provide  them 
with  lots  for  residence,  together  with  such  other  steps  as 
you  may  deem  proper  for  the  security  of  the  inhabitants, 
who  on  account  of  settling  on  the  land  indicated  will  be 
included  in  your  jurisdiction." 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  375 

The  constitutional  alcalde  of  El  Bado  made  report  to 
Governor  Sarracino  as  follows: 

"At  Nuestra  Senora  de  los  Dolores  de  Las  Vegas,  on 
the  sixth  day  of  the  month  of  April,  in  the  year  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  thirty-five,  jurisdiction  of 
San  Miguel  del  Bado,  I,  citizen  Jose  de  Jesus  Ulibarri  y 
Duran,  Constitutional  Alcalde,  the  only  one  in  this  juris- 
diction, proceeded  to  this  town  for  the  purpose  of  appor- 
tioning the  lands  to  the  twenty-five  individuals  mentioned 
in  the  petition  dated  ]\Iarch  20,  1835,  and  in  general  to 
those  who  are  without  lands,  not  only  those  within  this 
jurisdiction,  but  also  anyone  who  may  present  himself  to 
me,  who  has  no  occupation,  and,  having  examined  the 
land,  I  took  the  measure  from  north  to  south,  after  which 
I  made  the  apportionment  according  to  that  portion  of 
the  colonization  law  which  refers  to  grant  of  public  lands, 
each  individual  received  a  gratuitous  piece  of  land,  ac- 
cording to  his  means,  with  the  understanding  that  the 
lands  given  to  the  persons  contained  in  the  accompanying 
list,  one  should  remain  uncultivated." 

The  surveyor-general,  Pelham,  considered  both  of  these 
titles  good  and  reconunended  both  for  confirmation,  leav- 
ing to  the  several  claimants  the  right  of  adjusting  their 
titles  in  the  courts.  But  Congress  (a  Senate  committee) 
did  not  agree  with  the  surveyor-general  as  to  the  best 
manner  in  which  these  conflicting  titles  should  be  dis- 
posed of.     The  committee  said: 

"The  claimants  under  the  title  to  Baca  have  expressed 
a  willingness  to  waive  their  older  title  in  favor  of  the 
settlers,  if  allowed  to  enter  an  equivalent  quantity  of 
land  elsewhere  within  the  Territory;  and  your  Committee 
cannot  doubt  that  Congress  will  cheerfully  accept  the  pro- 
posal, which,  indeed,  would  undoubtedly  have  been  ac- 
ceded to  by  Mexico  if  the  Territory  had  remained  hers, 
to  whose  rights  and  duties  the  United  States  have  suc- 
ceeded." 

Congress  confirmed  the  grant  to  the  Town  of  Las  Vegas 
and  settled  the  claim  of  the  Baca  heirs  in  the  following 
language : 

"And  be  it  further  enacted,  that  it  shall  be  lawful  for 
the  heirs  of  Luis  Maria  Baca,  who  make  claim  to  the  said 
tract  of  land  as  is  claimed  by  the  Town  of  Las  Vegas,  to 
select,  instead  of  the  land  claimed  by  them,  an  equal 
quantity  of  vacant  land  not  mineral,  in  the  Territory  of 
New  Mexico,  to  be  located  by  them  in  square  bodies,  not 
exceeding  five  in  number.     And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 


376  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

surveyor  general  of  New  Mexico  to  make  survey  and  lo- 
cation of  the  lands  so  selected  by  said  heirs  of  Baca  when 
thereunto  required  by  them :  Provided,  however,  that  the 
right  hereby  granted  to  said  heirs  of  Baca  shall  continue 
in  force  during  three  years  from  the  passage  of  this  act, 
and  no  longer."     Approved  June  21,  1860. 

The  authority  thus  given  to  make  locations  was  after- 
Wiard  exercised  by  the  Baca  heirs,  and  the  lands  thus 
acquired  are  known  as  "Baca  Location"  with  the  num- 
ber up  to  five. 

In  1887,  the  title  of  the  town  of  Las  Vegas  to  this 
property  was  attacked  by  Moses  Milheiser  and  others. 
The  case  was  finally  determined  by  the  supreme  court  of 
New  Mexico  in  1889,  Chief  Justice  Long  delivering  the 
opinion  of  the  court.  The  judicial  determination  favored 
the  title  of  the  town  to  the  property  and  that  title  is  now 
unquestioned.  The  grant  has  since  been  administered 
by  a  board  of  trustees,  appointed  by  the  presiding  judge 
of  the  district  court,  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  legis- 
lative enactment. 

Don  Luis  Maria  Cabeza  de  Baca  claimed  to  be  a  de- 
scendant of  Alvar  Nunez  Cabeza  de  Vaca,  one  of  the  first 
Europeans  to  cross  the  continent  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
to  the  Gulf  of  California.  He  came  to  the  Province  of  New 
Mexico  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  with  his 
father,  Juan  Antonio  Cabeza  de  Vaca.  His  is  the 
first  of  the  name  of  Cabeza  de  Baca  to  appear  in  the 
archives  of  New  Mexico.  He  was  one  of  the  most  notable 
men  of  his  time.  In  his  petition  for  lands  at  the  Vegas 
Grandes,  the  present  location  of  the  city  of  Las  Vegas, 
he  recites  that  he  makes  the  request  for  himself  and  his 
seventeen  male  children.  He  died  at  Pena  Blanca,  New 
Mexico,  in  1833.  A  friend  and  neighbor,  Jose  Francisco 
Salas,  who  was  present  at  his  deatli  and  burial,  states 
that  he  was  killed  by  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  army  on 
account  of  his  having  some  contraband  property  in  his 
possession,  belonging  to  an  American  and  which  he  re- 
fused to  deliver  to  the  soldier.  Mr.  Salas,  in  1858,  testi- 
fied that  he  knew  Luis  Baca,  Prudencio  Baca,  Jesus  Baca, 
Sr.,  Felipe  Baca,  Jesus  Baca,  Jr.,  Domingo  Baca,  and 
Manuel  Baca,  who  were  then  living  and  that  he  had 
known  Juan  Antonio  Baca,  Jose  Baca,  Jose  Miguel  Baca, 
Ramon  Baca,  and  Mateo  Baca,  all  of  whom  were  dead. 

Don  Luis  lived  at  the  Vegas  Grandes  for  a  period  of 
ten  years,  in  a  hut  at  the  place  known  as  the  Loma  Mon- 
tosa.     He  was  finally  driven  off  by  incessant  raids  of  the 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  377 

Pawnee,  Kiowa,  and  Cumanehe  Indians.  Don  Tomas  C.  de 
Baca,  son  of  Juan  Antonio  C.  de  Baca,  was  a  very  promi- 
nent man  in  New  Mexico  during  his  career.  He  left  several 
children,  among  the  rest  Don  Marcos  C.  de  Baca,  several 
times  a  member  of  the  New  Mexican  Legislative  Assembly, 
and  a  candidate  for  Congress  in  1912.  Don  Domingo  C. 
de  Baca,  son  of  Don  Luis  Maria,  was  believed  to  be  con- 
nected with  the  conspiracy  against  the  American  officers 
at  Santa  Fe,  in  1846-7. 

A  complete  list  of  the  children  of  this  notable  New 
Mexican  appears  elsewhere  in  this  work. 

1288  SANTA  FE.    1822. 

Tract  of  land  next  to  the  house  of  the  Cura. 

1289  JUAN  RAFAEL  ORTIZ,  Santa  Fe. 

Question  of  debt.     Facundo  Melgares,  Governor. 

1290  AYUNTAMIENTO  of  El  Paso  del  Rio  del  Norte  in 

regard  to  the  extent  of  its  jurisdiction. 

Don  Juan  Maria  Ponze  de  Leon  was  secretary  of  the 
Ayuntamiento  of  Paso  del  Norte. 

1291  PROVINCIAL  DEPUTATION,   1822-1825. 

Inventory  of  documents  in  the  archives.     No.  1258. 

In  the  Journal  of  the  Provincial  Deputation  are  many 
items  of  interest  relative  to  the  lands  of  the  Pueblo  In- 
dians, the  efforts  of  people  to  secure  title  to  some  of  them, 
and  the  disposition  of  the  Mexican  authorities  is  reflected 
by  these  entries. 

These  orders  and  decisions  are  as  follows: 
February  16,  1824.     Leaf  86,  page  2. 

Three  petitions,  by  eighteen  different  persons,  asking 
for  unoccupied  agricultural  lands  belonging  to  the  In- 
dians of  Santo  Domingo  and  San  Felipe,  were  taken  up 
for  discussion. 

It  was  resolved  to  appoint  Don  Jose  Francisco  Ortiz 
to  examine  the  lands,  ascertain  their  extent  and  also  to 
give  the  natives  to  understand  that  the  Deputation  could 
dispose  of  those  lands.  The  right  to  decrease  the  num- 
ber of  applicants  was  reserved  for  further  discussion. 
March  12,  1824.     Leaf  88,  page  2. 

Don  Jose  Francisco  Ortiz  reported  that  he  had  exam- 
ined the  surplus  land  at  the  pueblos  of  Santo  Domingo 
and  San  Felipe,  which  was  three-fourths  of  a  league  in 


378  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

extent,  and  the  natives  stated  that  it  had  been  given  to 
them  for  the  pasturing  of  their  animals. 

It  was  decided  that  the  jefe  politico  (governor) 
should  go  to  the  pueblos  in  question,  in  company  with 
Ortiz  and  such  other  persons  as  he  saw  fit  to  take  and 
should  partition  to  the  two  pueblos  the  land  which  they 
had  held  in  common  up  to  that  time,  in  order  that  each 
might  dispose  of  what  belonged  to  it,  with  the  same 
liberty  as  other  citizens.  The  surplus  lands  were  then  to 
be  disposed  of. 
Fchrnary  16,  1825.     Leaf  41,  page  2. 

There  was  taken  up  for  consideration  a  petition  by 
Miguel  Rivera  and  others,  in  regard  to  lands  on  the 
Pecos  river  which  had  been  partitioned  to  them  by  the 
alcalde  of  El  Bado  (Vado)  by  order  of  the  jcfe  politico 
and  from  which  they  had  been  subsequently  ejected. 

It  was  decided  that  the  parties  must  be  governed  by 
the  decision  of  the  Deputation  of  February  16,  1824. 

In  discussing  this  matter  the  question  was  raised 
whether  the  Pecos  Indians  could  sell  their  lands  or  pre- 
vent the  Deputation  from  making  donations  of  those 
lands  which  they  claimed  to  own  but  were  not  cultivating. 

Reference  is  made  to  such  donations  having  been  re- 
jected in  accordance  with  section  5  of  the  law  of  Novem- 
ber 9,  1812. 
July  19,  1825.   Leaf  55,  page  2. 

A  petition  from  various  persons  who  asked  for  the  sur- 
plus lands  of  the  Nambe  Indians,  was  referred  to  the  town 
council  of  La  Caiiada  {Santa  Cruz  de  la  Canada)  for  re- 
port. 
September  15,  1825.   Leaf  63,  page  1. 

On  the  petition  of  Juan  Diego  Sena,  asking  for  the 
granting  of  the  surplus  lands  of  the  San  Juan  Indians,  it 
was  decided  not  to  consider  this  and  similar  petitions,  un- 
til the  decision  of  the  Federal  government,  as  to  a  general 
rule  to  be  observed  in  such  cases,  should  be  obtained. 

The  San  Juan  Indians  are  referred  to  in  this  entry  as 
"Citizens." 
November  17,  1825.   Leaf  70,  page  2. 

After  considering  a  petition  of  the  Pecos  Indians,  ask- 
ing that  they  be  declared  to  be  the  owners  of  one  league 
of  land  on  each  course,  which  amount  of  land  had  been 
considered  to  belong  to  each  pueblo  of  the  Territory,  it 
was  decided  to  refer  the  matter  to  the  Federal  govern- 
ment for  interpretation  of  section  5,  of  the  law  of  No- 
vember 9,  1812. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  379 

July  18,  1827.     Leaf  152,  page  1. 

Two  petitions  of  the  Laguna  Indians  were  presented  to 
the  Deputation;  one  relative  to  the  interference  of  the 
Aeoma  Indians  with  the  water  rights  of  the  petitioners; 
the  other  in  regard  to  the  attempt  of  the  people  of  Cebol- 
leta  to  deprive  the  Lagnnas  of  the  Paguate  ranch,  which 
they  claimed  by  purchase. 

The  Lagunas  also  asked  for  a  new  grant  to  the  Paguate 
ranch. 
June  25,  1827.   Leaf  159,  page  1. 

Two  complaints  of  the  Laguna  Indians,  presented  to 
the  Deputation  on  June  18,  1827,  relative  to  the  water 
rights  dispute  with  the  Indians  of  Acoma  and  the  dispute 
with  the  people  of  Cebolleta  as  to  the  Paguate  ranch, 
were  transmitted  to  the  jefe  politico  for  his  action  there- 
on. 
June  27,  1827.  Leaf  159,  page  2. 

A  memorial  and  deeds  of  Don  Francisco  Ortiz,  relative 
to  lands  which  he  had  bought  of  the  Indians  of  San  Ilde- 
fonzo,  were  referred  for  report  to  a  committee  composed 
of  Antonio  Ortiz,  Francisco  Baca  y  Ortiz,  and  Pedro 
Ygnacio  Gallego. 
February  9,  1829.   Leaf  22,  page  2. 

A  petition  by  Rafael  Sanchez  and  others,  asking  for 
lands  at  San  Jose,  near  the  pueblo  of  Acoma,  was  taken 
up  for  discussion ;  it  was  decided  that  the  constitutional 
alcalde  of  Laguna  should  investigate  whether  any  person 
had  acquired  property  rights  there  and  whether  the  water 
with  which  the  land  was  to  be  irrigated  was  independent 
of  that  used  for  similar  purposes  by  the  Indians  of  La- 
guna and  Acoma. 

If  such  was  found  to  be  the  case,  and  there  was  no  ob- 
stacle, the  parties  were  to  be  put  in  possession. 
January  8,  1831.   Leaf  56,  page  1. 

An  application  of  Juan  Garcia  of  Alburquerque  for  a 
tract  of  land  at  Cubero  was  referred  to  the  constitutional 
council  of  Laguna,  with  instructions  as  to  points  to  be 
covered  in  their  report. 
April  14,  1831.   Leaf  63,  page  1. 

A  petition  of  Agustin  Duran  and  others  for  a  tract  of 
land  about  3,000  varas  in  extent  between  the  pueblos  of 
Santo  Domingo  and  San  Felipe,  was  referred  to  the  coun- 
cils of  Cochiti  and  Sandia  for  report. 
November  12,  1831.   Leaf  69,  page  1. 

A  petition  of  Juan  Cristobal  IMufiiz,  a  citizen  of  Jemez, 


380  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

for  some  farming  land  at  Yallecito  and  near  the  Jemes 
pueblo,  was  referred  to  the  council  of  Jemez. 
November  12,  1831.  Leaf  69,  page  1. 

The  report  of  the  council  of  Cochiti  on  the  petition  of 
Agustin  Duran  and  others  for  lands  between  Santo  Do- 
mingo and  San  Felipe  was  considered;  after  which  the 
matter  was  ordered  transmitted  for  report  to  the  council 
of  Sandia,  that  being  the  jurisdiction  of  San  Felipe. 
July  16,  1832.   Leaf  74,  page  2. 

Complaint  of  the  Jemez  Indians  relative  to  the  damages 
they  were  suffering  as  to   their  common  lands,  was  re- 
ferred to  the  council  of  Jemez  for  further  information. 
July  18,  1832.  Leaf  76,  page  2. 

Petition  of  Antonio  Sandobal,  asking  for  pasture  land 
from  the  Ojo  Hediondo  as  far  as  the  Caiioncito  del  Cojo. 
Referred  to  the  council  of  Laguna. 

1292  INDIANS  of  the  Pueblo  of  Taos  and  the  People  of 
Arroyo  Seco.     1823.     Water  rights. 

Report  of  the  Ayuntamiento. 

Report  of  the  ayuntamiento  (town  council)  of  Taos, 
dlated  December  30,  1823,  to  the  jefe  politico,  in  regard 
to  a  suit  pending  between  the  residents  of  Arroyo  Seco 
and  the  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of  Taos,  as  to  water  rights 
in  the  Lueero  river. 

The  ayuntamiento  states  that  the  Arroyo  Seco  people 
acquired  their  rights  to  their  lands  under  a  grant  made 
by  Joaquin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  dated  October  7.  1745,  but 
the  land  had  not  been  used  until  1815,  when  they 
began  to  build  houses,  and  cultivate  their  lands,  which 
they  irrigated  from  the  Arroyo  Seco  and  also  from  the 
Lueero  river;  that  the  Indians,  in  addition  to  using  the 
waters  of  the  river  which  ran  through  their  pueblo  also 
used  and  had  always  used  the  water  of  the  Lueero  river 
for  irrigating  their  lands ;  that  moreover  they  had  ac- 
quired a  new  right  in  the  latter  stream  by  having  pur- 
chased from  the  descendants  of  Antonio  Martin,  the  legal 
owner  of  the  land  granted  from  the  league  of  their  pueblo, 
to  the  Arroyo  Seco,  etc. 

The  general  tone  of  the  report  is  favorable  to  the  pri- 
ority of  the  right  of  the  Indians. 

There  is  a  crude  sketch  map  with  this  report,  showing 
the  lands  purchased  by  the  Indians,  the  pueblo,  the  town 
of  Don  Fernando,  and  the  streams  in  that  neighborhood. 

This  archive,  I  understand,  has  been  translated  and 
used  in  a  suit  in  which  the  Indians  of  Taos  are  now  (1913) 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  381 

involved  with  persons  claiming  under  the  Antonio  Mar- 
tinez grant. 

1293  PETITION    of   Francisco    Xavier    Ortiz    and   three 

others  for  lands  near  San  Ildefonso.     No  action. 

Petition  by  Francisco  Xavier  Ortiz  and  his  three  sons, 
to  the  jefe  politico,  for  a  piece  of  land  for  each  adjoining 
the  lands  of  the  pueblo  of  San  Ildefonso.  The  date  is 
February  19,  1824. 

The  parties  ask  the  jefe  politico  to  forward  the  peti- 
tion with  a  report,  if  necessary,  to  the  Provincial  Depu- 
tation. 

There  is  no  further  action. 

1294  LA  CIENEGA  de  los  GARCIAS.    1825. 

Piece  of  a  letter  in  regard  to  the  partition  of  the  same. 

1295  ALAMEDA  TRACT.    1825. 

Report  of  measurement  of  the  same  by  Perea.  Report 
made  to  Bartolome  Baca,  political  chief. 

Letter  of  June  13,  1825,  from  a  certain  Perea,  at  Ber- 
nailillo,  to  the  jefe  politico,  Bartolome  Baca,  reporting 
that  he  had  complied  with  the  latter 's  order  to  measure 
the  Alameda  Tract  from  the  boundary  of  the  natives  of 
the  pueblo  of  Sandia  to  the  Alburquerque  line. 

One  statement  in  this  letter  indicates  that  the  land  im- 
mediately adjoining  the  Indians'  land  (on  the  south)  be- 
longed to  Don  Eusebio  Rael. 

1296  JOSE  IGNACIO  MADRID  and  Mariano  Baldes  and 

Others. 

Letter  to  Jose  Manuel  Salazar  in  the  matter  of  the  parti- 
tion of  their  lands  on  the  Rio  Ckama.    1826. 

1297  CORPORATION  OF  SANTA  FE.    1826. 

Record  of  the  proceedings  in  a  suit  about  lands  at  Ar- 
royo Seco,  near  the  pueblo  of  Taos.  The  petition  is  ad- 
dressed to  Don  Antonio  Narbona,  governor  and  political 
chief.  The  signatures  are  those  of  Juan  de  Dios  Peria, 
war-captain  and  chief  alcalde;  Mariano  Pena,  Salvador 
Padilla,  Jose  Ma.  Ortiz ;  Juan  Domingo  Fernandez ;  Fran- 
cisco Lobato  ;  Francisco  Sanchez ;  Rafael  Antonio  de  Luna ; 
Pedro  Martin ;  Matias  ]\Iartin ;  Juan  Antonio  Martin  ;  Jose 
Miguel  Aragon;  Mariano  Sanchez;  Jose  Gonzales. 

Bartolome  Baca  also  appears  in  the  proceeding  in  June, 
1825. 


382  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

This  is  a  controversy  begun  in  the  year  1825,  between 
Felipe  Gonzalez  and  Carpio  Cordoba,  as  complainants,  and 
Jose  Antonio  Sanchez  and  Diego  Antonio  Sanchez,  de- 
fendants, in  regard  to  some  lands  at  Arroyo  Seco,  near 
Taos. 

The  manuscript  is  nearly  40  pages  in  extent,  but  it  is 
not  necessary  to  make  a  full  brief  of  its  contents,  as  the 
most  of  it  is  not  of  importance  to  the  Indians  of  Taos. 

It  appears  from  these  papers  that  in  the  year  1816 
Manuel  and  Matias  Martin,  citizens  of  Abiquiu,  petitioned 
Don  Pedro  Martin,  chief  alcalde  of  Taos,  to  restore  to 
them  certain  lands  of  which  they  had  been  illegally  de- 
prived. 

They  state  that  it  had  come  to  their  knowledge  that 
their  grandfather,  Don  Antonio  IMartin,  had  had  a  grant 
made  to  him  by  the  king  at  the  Rinconada  del  Rio  de 
Lucero,  and  that  having  been  advised  to  seek  for  the 
granting  documents  at  the  pueblo  of  Taos,  they  discovered 
that  the  grant  had  been  sold  to  the  natives  of  that  pueblo 
by  Joaquin  Sanches,  who  had  hid  said  grant  from  their 
father,  who  was  the  lawful  heir  to  it.  They  allege  that 
the  said  Joaquin  Sanches  was  not  an  heir  of  their  grand- 
father, and  they  denounce  the  sale  made  by  him  as  being 
illegal  and  depriving  them  and  their  children  of  their 
lawful  rights. 

The  petition  of  Manuel  and  Matias  was  presented  to 
the  alcalde,  as  above  stated,  and  he  directed,  by  his  of- 
ficial order  of  April  26,  1816,  that  one  of  the  interested 
parties  should  take  it  to  the  governor  of  the  Province,  in 
order  that  he  should  take  such  action  as  he  saw  fit. 

That  officer,  on  May  7,  1816,  ordered  the  alcalde  to  in- 
vestigate whether  the  petitioners  were  lawful  heirs,  and 
whether  Joaquin  Sanchez  had  usurped  their  lands. 

This  the  alcalde  did,  and  on  May  30,  1816,  he  made  his 
report  to  the  governor.  That  part  of  his  report  which  is 
most  important  to  the  Taos  Indians  relates  to  the  gene- 
alogy of  these  Martins.  The  alcalde's  investigation  re- 
vealed the  fact  that  the  grandfather  of  the  petitioners, 
Antonio  Martin,  had  by  his  own  niece,  Isabel  Pacheco,  an 
illegitimate  child,  who  was  named  Diego  Rafael,  and  who 
became  the  father  of  Manuel  and  Matias  IMartin,  the  pe- 
titioners in  the  matter  now  under  consideration ;  that  sub- 
sequent to  the  birth  of  her  illegitimate  son,  Isabel  Pa- 
checo married  Francisco  Sanchez,  by  whom  she  had  four 
children,  Joaquin,  Joseph,  Francisco,  and  Mariano;  that 
Antonio  Martin  gave  a  tract  of  land,  which  he  had  by 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  383 

grant  from  the  king,  to  Isabel  and  her  sister  Francisca, 
by  whom  also  he  had  had  a  child,  which  apparently  did 
not  survive  the  mother;  that  neither  Antonio  Martin  nor 
Isabel  Pacheco  made  any  will;  that  Joaquin  and  Jose 
Sanchez,  two  of  the  legitimate  children  of  Isabel,  sold  the 
land  in  opposition  to  the  wishes  of  their  brothers,  Fran- 
cisco and  IMariano,  and  their  half-brother,  Diego  Rafael; 
that  some  years  prior  to  the  date  of  the  alcalde's  report, 
Francisco  and  Mariano  had  taken  some  legal  steps,  ap- 
parently to  assert  their  own  rights,  but  entirely  ignoring 
the  rights  of  their  half  brother,  Diego  Rafael;  that  ulti- 
mately Francisco  and  Mariano  decided  to  compromise  the 
whole  matter  in  order  to  avoid  being  involved  in  law 
suits;  that  with  that  object  in  view  they  acknowledged  the 
petitioners,  Manuel  and  Matias  ]\Iartin  (the  children  of 
Diego  Rafael),  as  their  nephews;  that  they  requested  the 
alcalde  to  divide  the  ranch  in  halves,  through  the  center. 

The  alcalde  then  proceeds  to  describe  the  measurement 
which  he  made  of  the  ranch,  and  the  manner  in  which  it 
was  divided  in  accordance  with  the  voluntary  compromise. 

On  June  3,  1816,  Governor  Allande  approved  the  par- 
tition of  the  land. 

Another  paper  in  the  case  indicates  that  when  the  In- 
dians of  Taos  became  satisfied  that  the  sale  made  to  them 
by  Joaquin  Sanchez  was  not  legal,  they  gave  up  the  land 
in  consideration  of  one  hundred  pesos  and  an  ox,  which 
was  given  to  them  by  Don  Felipe  Gonzalez. 

This  paper  is  dated  at  Taos  on  May  13,  1816. 

The  original  controversy  of  Felipe  Gonzalez  and  Carpio 
Cordoba  with  Jose  Antonio  and  Diego  Antonio  Sanchez,  of 
which  the  papers  above  described  form  a  part,  was  ap- 
parently decided  in  favor  of  Diego  Antonio  Sanchez, 
by  Governor  Antonio  Narbona,  on  ]\Iay  23,  1826. 

1298  JULIAN  RAEL  vs.  Indians  of  Sandia.    1827. 

Opinion  of  Ignacio  jNIaria  Sanchez  Vergara,  Alcalde. 

Letter  of  July  7,  1827,  from  Ignacio  Maria  Sanchez  Ver- 
gara to  ]\Ianuel  Armijo,  jefe  politico  of  New  IMexico, 
transmitting  an  expedient e  of  a  suit  in  regard  to  lands  be- 
tween Don  Julian  Rael  and  the  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of 

Sandia. 

He  sets  forth  at  length  his  opinion  in  regard  to  tlie  mat- 
ter, which  was  strongly  in  favor  of  Rael's  contention  and 
which  strongly  intimated  that  the  Indians  were  not  act- 
ing in  good  faith. 

It  is  possible  that  Sanchez  was  personally  interested  in 


384  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

the  matter,  as  he  requests  the  return  to  him  of  certain 
documents ;  and  following  his  signature  to  the  letter  is  an 
acknowledgment,  also  signed  by  him,  of  the  return  of  all 
his  documents,  at  Sandia,  August  17,  1827. 

One  of  the  statements  made  by  Sanchez  seems  to  indi- 
cate that  the  title  under  which  Rael  was  claiming  had  its 
inception  as  far  back  as  the  time  of  the  Marquis  of  Penu- 
ela,  who  was  governor  of  the  province  about  1707  to  1712. 
This  would  be  many  years  prior  to  the  grant  made  to  the 
pueblo  of  Sandia,  the  date  of  which  was  1748. 

Letter  of  November  10,  1829,  from  the  office  of  the 
minister  of  justice  to  the  jefe  politico  of  New  Mexico, 
acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  copy  of  the  legal  pro- 
ceedings in  regard  to  the  restitution  of  lands  to  the  citi- 
zens (vecinos)  of  the  pueblo  of  Sandia.  The  expediente 
was  forwarded  with  the  jefe  politico's  letter  of  October 
30,  1829  (?). 

A  marginal  note  shows  that  the  alcalde  of  Sandia  was 
notified  of  the  receipt  of  this  letter  of  November  10,  on 
December  25,  1829. 

1299  PUEBLO  OF  SANDIA.    1829. 

Receipt  from  the  office  of  the  IMinister  of  Justice  of  the 
proceedings  in   the  matter  of  the   restitution   of  lands. 

1300  DRAFT  OF  A  REPORT  of  a  Committee  of  the  Ter- 
ritorial Deputation  in  the  matter  of  granting  the  Go- 
tera  Tract  to  Jose  Guadalupe  Romero  and  Manuel 
Bustamante. 

1301  JUAN  CRUZ  BACA.    Sahinal,  1831. 

Complains  to  Jose  Antonio  Chaves,  political  chief,  that 
Ramon  Torres,  alcalde  of  Sahinal,  has  taken  the  lands 
from  the  heirs  of  Geronimo  Chaves  and  given  them  to  his 
brother. 

1302  GERONIMO  CHAVES,  Heirs  of,  vs.  Roman  Torres. 
Sahinal,  1831.     No.  1301,  q.  v. 

1303  JUAN  JOSE  LUJAN.    1832. 

Lease  to  Ilarvey  Ellison  and  Wyatt ;  land  for  a  tannery. 
Juan  Garcia,  Alcalde. 

1304  PEDRO  MOLINA.    1832. 

Letter  to  the  jefe  politico  in  regard  to  sale  of  lands  by 
Francisco  Baca  in  Encinal  and  Cubero. 


ife^;*;''  ^  ^ 


Don  Pedro  de  Castro  Figueroa 
Duke  of  the  Conquista,  Viceroy  of  Mexico  1740-41 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  385 

He  states  that  the  lands  had  been  purchased  and  the 
price  paid  therefor,  which  he  enumerates  in  sheep,  horses, 
a  cow,  etc.,  with  which  Baca  was  satisfied;  that  the  citizens 
who  had  purchased  them  were  ready  to  go  to  work  and 
were  only  waiting  for  the  lands  to  be  partitioned  among 
them,  etc. 

It  is  likely  that  the  Francisco  Baca  referred  to  in  this 
letter  was  the  Navajo  Indian  whose  rights  at  Cubero  were 
purchased  by  Mexican  citizens  prior  to  the  establishment 
of  their  town. 

1305  MARIANO  SANCHEZ.    1833. 

Petition  that  the  tract  —  Agua  Sarca  —  formerly  granted 
to  Sebastian  Martin,  his  great-grandfather,  be  partitioned 
among  twenty-five  persons. 

1306  DECREE  of  Mexican  Congress  forbidding  the  sale  of 
property  held  in  mortmain  until  further  legislation  on 
the  subject.     1833. 

1307  DECREE  of  Mexican  Congress  correcting  typogra- 
phical error.     1834. 

1308  VICENTE  OTERO.    1834. 

Letter  to  the  political  chief,  Francisco  Sarracino,  in 
Valencia,  ]\Iarch  9,  1834: 

"Most  Excellent  Sir:  Manuel  Sanchez,  for  himself 
and  in  the  name  of  nineteen  individuals,  all  residents  of 
Valencia,  represents  to  your  excellency  that  having  discov- 
ered a  tract  of  land  suitable  for  cultivation  at  the  point 
of  Tajique,  which  is  vacant,  and  consequently  will  not  be 
to  the  injury  of  any  third  party,  on  the  contrary,  the  con- 
dition of  the  petitioners  will  he  bettered  on  account  of 
the  limited  amount  of  land  which  they  can  now  cultivate, 
and  that  your  excellency,  in  compliance  with  the  law 
which  recommends  the  encouragement  of  agriculture,  be 
pleased  to  direct  that  the  above-mentioned  land,  contain- 
ing one-half  of  a  league  in  circumference,  be  donated  to 
them,  protesting  to  pay  all  costs  in  good  faith,  etc. 

"Manuel  Sanchez" 
"Santa  Fe,  March  17,  1834. 

"The  constitutional  justice  of  Valencia,  to  which  juris- 
diction Tajique  belongs,  as  I  am  informed,  will  make  the 
division  asked  for,  within  the  boundaries  they  set  forth, 
provided  no  injury  will  result  to  any  third  party,  the 


386  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

grant  temporarily  made  by  the  government,  to  avoid  de- 
lay in  planting  their  crops,  being  subject  to  the  confirma- 
tion of  the  most  excellent  deputation  when  it  shall  meet. 

' '  Sarracino.  ' ' 

"At  this  point  of  Tajique,  on  the  ninth  day  of  April, 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  thirty-four,  in  compliance 
with  the  provisional  order  of  the  political  chief  to  place 
the  parties  in  possession,  in  order  that  the  individuals 
who  asked  for  a  grant  to  said  land,  containing  one-half 
league  in  circumference,  should  not  lose  their  crops,  I, 
Citizen  Vicente  Otero,  constitutional  justice  of  the  town- 
ship of  Valencia,  proceeded  to  the  place  for  that  purpose, 
with  two  attending  witnesses,  which  said  office  is  entitled 
to,  commencing  by  measuring  the  one-half  league  in  cir- 
cumference, having  in  the  first  place  set  aside  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-two  varas  in  the  most  convenient  place 
for  a  town  site,  and  from  the  center  thereof  the  one-half 
league  in  the  direction  of  the  four  cardinal  points  of  the 
compass  was  measured  in  the  following  manner:  the  first 
towards  the  south,  which  reached  to  a  thick  cedar  a  little 
above  the  caiion  called  '  De  los  Pinos ; '  the  second  towards 
the  north,  to  the  caiion  De  Las  Migas,  where  a  pine  tree 
was  marked  with  a  cross;  the  third  towards  the  west,  to 
the  little  table  lands  of  the  Cueva,  where  another  pine 
tree  was  marked  with  a  cross;  the  fourth  towards  the 
east  to  the  lone  pine,  said  measurements  having  been  made 
in  the  presence  of  twelve  of  the  grantees.  The  subdivision 
of  the  arable  land  to  which  each  one  was  entitled  to  was 
omitted,  on  account  of  the  absence  of  seven  of  those  con- 
tained in  the  granting  act,  directing  the  persons  present 
to  commence  planting  their  crops,  with  the  understanding 
that  when  the  proper  time  arrived  I  would  return  to  sub- 
divide the  land,  informing  them  that  no  one  acquired  any 
right  to  the  land  he  cultivated  excepting  those  to  whom  it 
should  fall  by  lot,  with  the  condition  that  whosoever  re- 
ceived the  land  which  was  broken  up  should  break  up  a  like 
quantity  for  the  first  occupant;  and  for  the  purpose  of 
placing  this  on  record  and  other  proper  objects,  I,  the 
aforesaid  justice,  signed  this  document,  with  my  attend- 
ing witnesses,  to  which  I  certify.  Vicente  Otero. 
"Attending: 

"Jacinto  Sanchez. 

"Jose  Manuel  Maldonado. 

"At  this  place  of  Tajique,  on  the  twenty-fourth  day  of 
December,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  thirty-four,  I, 
Citizen  Vicente  Otero,  constitutional  justice  of  the  juris- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  387 

diction  of  Valencia,  in  fulfillment  of  the  foregoing  docu- 
ment, and  in  the  presence  of  my  attending  witnesses,  I 
caused  to  appear  before  me  the  persons  to  whom  this  place 
was  granted,  who,  being  present,  I  informed  them  of  the 
operation  to  be  performed,  as  set  forth  in  the  foregoing 
document,  and  they  willingly  consented  to  receive  what- 
ever tillable  land  each  one  was  justly  entitled  to ;  where- 
upon, the  calculation  being  made,  I  commenced  measur- 
ing from  west  to  east  one  hundred  and  twelve  varas  to 
each  one ;  leaving  out,  in  the  first  place,  twelve  varas  as 
outlets  to  the  town,  having  placed  them  in  possession  in 
the  following  order:  1st.  Measured  to  Maria  Gertrudis 
Chaves,  who  is  bounded  by  the  lands  of  Antonio  Otero. 
2d.  Antonio  Otero,  who  is  bounded  by  the  lands  of  Maria 
Gertrudis  Chaves  and  those  of  Manuel  Garcia.  3d.  Manuel 
Garcia,  who  is  bounded  by  Antonio  Otero  and  Jose  Lo- 
renzo Otero.  4th.  Jose  Lorenzo  Otero,  bounded  by  Man- 
uel Garcia  and  IMatias  Sanehes.  5th.  Matias  Sanchez, 
bounded  by  Jose  Lorenzo  Otero  and  Jose  Antonio  Za- 
mora.  6th.  Jose  Antonio  Zamora,  bounded  by  Matias 
Sanchez  and  Rafael  Sanchez.  7th.  Rafael  Sanchez, 
bounded  by  Jose  Antonio  Zamora  and  Francisco  Moya. 
8th.  Francisco  ^Eoya,  bounded  by  Rafael  Sanchez  and 
Jose  Maria  Maldonado.  9th.  Jose  Maria  Maldonado, 
bounded  by  Francisco  Moya  and  Cristobal  Zamora.  10th. 
Cristobal  Zamora,  bounded  by  Jose  Maria  Maldonado  and 
Lazaro  Ramirez.  11th.  Lazaro  Ramirez,  bounded  by 
Cristobal  Zamora  and  Mateo  Anaya.  12th.  Mateo  Anaya, 
bounded  by  Lazaro  Ramirez  and  Ignacio  Cedillo.  13th. 
Ignacio  Cedillo,  bounded  by  Mateo  Anaya  and  Roman 
Zamora.  14th.  Roman  Zamora,  bounded  by  Ignacio  Ce- 
dillo and  Domingo  Zamora.  15th.  Domingo  Zamora, 
bounded  by  Roman  Zamora  and  Jose  Chavez.  16th.  Jose 
Chavez,  bounded  by  Domingo  Zamora  and  Antonio  San- 
chez. 17th.  Antonio  Sanchez,  bounded  by  Jose  Chavez; 
Jose  Sanchez  to  the  west  of  the  temple ;  Dionisio  Vigil  to 
the  west  of  the  temple ;  giving  to  all  the  privilege  of  break- 
ing up  such  land  as  they  may  want,  on  a  line  with  their 
own,withoutgoingbeyond  the  half  league  granted  to  them; 
it  being  understood  that  those  having  received  land  which 
has  been  broken  up  l)y  others,  within  their  lot,  shall  break 
up  an  equal  quantity  for  the  person  entitled  to  it  on  un- 
broken land,  by  the  month  of  April,  1835 ;  and  if  said 
condition  is  not  complied  with,  they  will  continue  using 
the  land  they  have  broken  up  originallj^  until  other  land 
is  broken  for  them.     All  having  expressed  their  satisfac- 


388  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

tion  at  this  and  all  other  matters  connected  with  the  di- 
vision of  the  land,  and  in  order  that  they,  their  heirs  and 
successors,  may  enjoy  the  same  peaceably  and  quietly, 
and  in  order  that  they  may  barter  their  land  or  dispose 
of  it  to  whomsoever  they  may  see  proper  at  the  expiration 
of  the  period  prescribed  by  law  for  such  grants,  I,  the 
aforesaid  justice,  said  I  would  authorize  this  document, 
as  I  did  authorize  it,  in  due  form  of  law,  and  by  virtue 
of  the  powers  in  me  vested,  signing  with  those  in  my  at- 
tendance, to  which  I  certify.  Vicente  Otero. 
' '  Attending : 
"Jose  Antonio  Maldonado." 

Don  Vicente  Otero,  mentioned  in  the  foregoing  archive, 
was  the  grandfather  of  Miguel  A.  Otero,  governor  of  New 
jMexico  during  the  McKinley  and  Roosevelt  administra- 
tions. His  father,  Don  Miguel  A.  Otero,  10,  was  delegate 
in  Congress  in  the  'fifties.  Tajique  is  the  site  of  an  old 
pueblo,  destroyed  by  the  Apaches  in  the  middle  of  the  sev- 
enteenth century. 

1309  DRAFT  of  a  Letter  to  the  Alcalde  of  El  Bado  in  re- 
lation to  action  taken  by  the  Territorial  Deputation  in 
the  matter  of  the  petition  of  Juan  de  Dios  Maese,  et 
al.,  for  a  grant  of  lands  at  Las  Vegas.     1835. 

1310  JOSE  FRANCISCO  CHAVES  y  BACA.    1835. 

Letter  to  political  chief  in  regard  to  lands  sold  by  a 
Navajo  Indian,  which  lands  belonged  to  the  Indians  of 
Laguna. 

Letter  of  May  26,  1835,  written  at  Laguna,  by  Jose 
Francisco  Chaves  y  Baca,  constitutional  alcalde  of  that 
district,  to  the  jefe  politico,  in  regard  to  a  controversy 
between  the  natives  of  Laguna  and  the  parties  who  had 
purchased  land  from  the  Navajo  Indian,  Francisco  Baca. 

He  states  that  Baca  had  deeded  the  land  to  the  pur- 
chasers, the  deed  being  acknowledged  before  Don  Manuel 
Gallego,  the  retiring  alcalde ;  that  he  had  summoned  the 
latter  before  him  and  had  asked  him  what  reasons  he  had 
had  for  including  in  the  deed  lands  which  belonged  to 
the  Indians;  that  Gallego  had  answered  that  at  the  time 
in  question  there  was  no  one  to  inform  him  that  the  prop- 
erty of  the  complainants  was  included  in  the  deed ;  that 
he  was  governed  by  the  boundaries  which  Baca  pointed 
out  to  him  in  company  with  Don  Juan  Dionicio  Chaves, 
the  attorney  in  fact  for  the  purchasers;  that  he  had  no 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  389 

means  of  knowing  whether  the  statements  made  in  the 
deed  by  the  Indian  were  true. 

This  letter  was  evidently  a  letter  of  transmittal  of  docu- 
ments which  the  Laguna  Indians  had  laid  before  the  al- 
calde in  connection  with  their  attempt  to  recover  lands 
which  they  claimed  and  which  had  been  sold  by  the  Nav- 
ajo to  the  people  of  Cubero,  and  although  it  does  not  re- 
veal the  contents  of  those  documents,  it  shows  that  the 
alcalde  took  the  side  of  the  Indians  as  against  the  Cubero 
people  and  their  grantor,  Francisco  Baca. 

1311  SANTA  FE.    1835. 

In  the  matter  of  a  reservoir.  Francisco  Trujillo,  Juan 
Jose  Lujan,  Simon  Apodaca,  members  of  the  Ayuntami- 
ento. 

1312  ALBINO  PEREZ,  Governor.    1835. 

Receipt  of  official  letter. 

1313  SANTA  FE.    1835-6. 

Destruction  of  a  reservoir  maintained  by  Miguel  Sena. 

1314  SANTA  FE.    1836. 

Names  of  property  owners  in  the  city.  Juan  Bautista 
Vigil  y  Alarid. 

1315  JUAN  DE  DIOS  MAESE.    San  Miguel  del  Bado.  1836. 

Petition  to  political  chief  that  he  take  some  steps  toward 
compelling  the  grantees  in  the  Las  Vegas  Grant  to  take 
possession  of  their  lands. 

1316  PROTOCOL  of  Manuel  Doroteo  Pino,  First  Consti- 
tutional Alcalde  of  Santa  Fe.     1838. 

Lorenzo  Balizan  to  Lorenzo  Provencio.  Land  at  El  Paso, 
1838. 

Ignacio  Duran  to  Gaspar  Rivera.  Land  in  Santa  Fe, 
1838. 

Tomas  Valencia  to  Antonio  Matias  Ortiz.  Mortgage. 
Lands  in  Santa  Fe,  1838. 

Jose  Serafin  Martin  for  his  father,  Antonio  Martin,  to 
Juan  Rafael  Ortiz.  House  and  land  in  San  Jose  de  La 
Cienega,  1838. 

Mariano  Mares  to  Bias  Ortega.    Land  in  Santa  Fe.  1838. 

Eusebio  Garcia,  for  his  wife,  Luciana  INIartin,  to  IMiguel 
Tafoya.    House  and  land  on  the  Bio  de  Santa  Fe.    1838. 


390  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Felipe  Coris  to  Esmeregildo  Ortiz.  Land  in  Santa  Fe, 
1838. 

Getrudis  Sandoval.     Partition  of  her  estate.     1838. 

1317  MANUEL  ARMIJO,  Governor. 

Book  2d  of  rough  draft  of  decrees,  1840-1842. 

1318  CORNELIO  VIGIL.    1842.    Juez  de  Paz. 

Transmitting  to  Guadalupe  IMiranda,  secretary  of  the 
government,  expedient e  of  land  suit  between  the  people 
of  Don  Fernando  de  Taos  and  those  of  San  Francisco  del 
BancJio. 

The  Don  Fernando  de  Taos  Grant,  R.  No.  125,  was  eon- 
firmed  by  the  court  of  private  land  claims  and  under  a 
survey  pursuant  to  the  decree,  the  area  is  found  to  be 
more  than  1.817  acres.  The  north  boundary  of  this  prop- 
erty is  the  southern  boundary  of  the  Taos  Pueblo  Grant. 
Patented,  February  25,  1909. 

1319  PABLO  MONTOYA,  deceased.    1842. 

Draft  of  a  letter  to  the  governor  in  regard  to  the  disposi- 
tion of  his  property. 

1320  VICENTE  RIBERA,  Juez  de  Paz,  to  Guadalupe  Mi- 
randa, Secretary,  1842. 

Announcing  that  he  has  placed  certain  parties  in  posses- 
sion of  lands  at  the  junction  of  the  GaUinas  and  Pecos 
rivers,  and  asking  whether  there  shall  be  given  lands  to 
others  who  may  need  them.  Draft  of  an  affirmative  reply 
on  the  same  paper. 

1321  LA  CIENEGA  of  Satita  Fe.    1844. 

1322  MARIANO  MARTINEZ,  Governor,  1844. 

To  the  president  of  the  Departmental  Assembly.  Trans- 
mitting petition  of  certain  citizens  for  lands  at  Sapello 
and  Mora. 

1323  SANTA  FE.     1845. 

Petition  of  the  first  and  second  alcaldes  on  behalf  of  the 
city,  to  the  governor,  for  a  tract  of  land.     No  action. 

1324  AGAPITO,  NAZARIO,  and  RICARDO  ORTIZ.  1845. 

Claim  to  a  house  in  Santa  Fe,  as  heirs  of  their  mother, 
Maria  Rosa  Mestas,  which  had  been  sold  without  their 
consent,  by  their  father,  Casimiro  Ortiz.  Teodoro  Gon- 
zales, Juez  de  Paz.    San  lldefonzo. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  391 

1325  SANDIA  Grant.    1846. 

Letter  of  Manuel  Armijo,  directing  Juan  Bautista  Vigil 
to  send  the  papers  to  him.    Vigil's  letter  of  transmittal. 

A  marginal  note,  signed  by  the  rubric  of  Vigil,  shows 
that  the  grant  was  delivered  to  Don  Tomas  Ortiz,  on 
March  20,  1846,  which  is  corroborated  by  Vigil's  letter  of 
that  date  to  Governor  Armijo,  forming  a  part  of  the  same 
archive. 

1326  MANUEL  DELGADO  and  JUAN  PINO.  No  date. 

Fragment  of  a  document  in  relation  to  a  controversy  as 
to  water  rights  at  the  ranchos  of  J  nana  Lopez  and  Los 
Cerrillos. 

1327  COMMUNICATION  (3),  rough  draft,  in  relation  to 
stationing  soldiers  at  some  point  in  the  valley  of  the 
Rio  Grande. 

These  are  addressed  to  the  viceroy,  the  Duke  of  Albur- 
querque.    The  apostasy  of  the  Moquis  is  mentioned. 

1328  TESTIMONIO  of  letter  and  report  relative  to  an 
attack  made  upon  the  Pueblo  of  Pecos  by  the  Cu- 
manches,  the  presence  of  a  hundred  lodges  of  these 
Indians  on  the  Rio  Jicarilla,  and  the  selling  of  fire- 
arms to  them  by  the  French,  and  the  proposed  con- 
struction of  a  Presidio  at  the  place  called  "Jicarilla." 

The  date  is  1748 ;  the  archive  contains  14  pages  and  bears 
the  signature  of  Governor  and  Captain-General  Joachin 
Codallos  y  Rabal.  The  fact  that  a  Frenchman  named  Luis 
Maria  and  eight  others  had  been  at  Taos  in  1742  is  men- 
tioned; that  Luis  Maria  had  been  "apeloleado"  in  the 
plaza  at  Santa  Fe  under  an  order  from  the  superior  gov- 
ernment of  New  Spain;  that  in  1744  a  Frenchman,  named 
Santiago  Velo,  had  come  to  the  pueblo  of  Pecos.  The 
Villasur  expedition  of  1720  is  also  mentioned.  The  names 
of  Fr.  Joseph  Urquijo.  Fr.  Juan  Miguel  JMenchero,  Fr. 
Lorenzo  and  Antonio  Duran  de  Armijo  also  occur.  In 
addition  to  the  signature  of  Governor  Joacliin  Codallos  y 
Eabal,  those  of  Phelipe  Jacobo  de  Unanue,  J.  jMiguel  de 
Alire,  with  rubrics,  also  appear. 

1329  LETTER  from  the  Department  of  the  Interior  to 
the  Political  Chief  of  New  Mexico,  enjoining  great 
caution  in  the  matter  of  permitting  colonists  from 


392  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

the  United  States  of  North  America  to  enter.  Mexico, 
November  21,  1828.  It  was  received  at  Santa  Fe, 
N.  M.,  January  14,  1829,  and  answered. 

1330  LETTER,  Mexico,  February  12,  1825,  from  Rafael 
Mangino  to  the  Commissary-General  of  Santa  Fe, 
relative  to  arms  for  light  infantry. 

1331  LETTER  from  General  Antonio  Lopez  de  Santa 
Anna;  Merida,  April  23,  1825,  to  the  Governor  of 
New  Mexico,  announcing  his  resignation  of  the  office 
of  Commandant-General  of  the  Free  State  of  Yuca- 
tan.    Rough  draft  of  letter  in  reply. 

1332  CIRCULAR  from  the  office  of  the  Minister  of  the  In- 
terior, requesting  the  Governor  of  New  Mexico  to 
furnish  information  relative  to  lands  suitable  for 
colonization  purposes.  Mexico,  September  10,  1838, 
1  folio. 

1333  LETTER  from  Don  Jacobo  Ugarte  y  Loyola  to  Gov- 
ernor Don  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza  in  relation  to  the 
proper  manner  of  obtaining  and  retaining  the  friend- 
ship of  the  Indian  tribes.  Chihuahua,  October  9, 
1786. 

There  is  also  a  certified  copy  of  an  opinion  of  the  asesor, 
Galindo  Navarro,  on  the  same  subject,  dated  September 
4,  1786.  The  letter  is  only  a  fragment,  and  the  hand- 
writing is  the  same  in  each.  The  ''Dictamen"  refers  to 
the  bandos  of  former  governors,  mentioning  them  by 
name,  upon  the  same  subject. 

Fr.  Sebastian  Antonio  of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Caiiada  is 
also  mentioned. 

Relative  to  obtaining  and  retaining  the  friendship  of  the 
Indian  tribes. 

1334  ROYAL  DECREE.     Cadiz,  March  24,  1811,  granting 

to  Spanish  Americans  and  Indians  perfect  equality 

in  political  rights  with  European  Spaniards. 

A  copy.  Chihuahua,  October  21,  1811 ;  ordered  published 
in  all  cities,  towns,  etc.,  of  the  provinces  under  his  charge, 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  393 

and  signed  by  the  commandant-general,  Don  Nemecio 
Salcedo.  In  the  lower  comer  of  the  last  page  is  found  the 
signature  of  Don  Jose  Maria  Ponze  de  Leon,  at  that  time 
an  officer  of  the  ayuntamiento  of  Paso  del  Norte. 

1335  PROCLAMATIONS  (3)  from  the  Regency  to  Span- 
iards, two  of  them  specially  directed  to  Spanish- 
Americans,  in  relation  to  aiding  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  war  then  in  progress  against  the  Emperor  Na- 
poleon. 

The  first  is  dated  Cadiz,  January  31,  1812,  and  is  signed 
by  Ignacio  de  la  Pezuela,  who  refers  to  the  war  as  being 
for  the  preservation  of  the  religion,  honor,  property,  and 
liberty  of  the  Spanish  nation.  In  describing  Napoleon  he 
says:  "Estaha  reservado  al  moderno  Atila  sohrepujar 
mucJio  al  antiguo  en  enganos,  en  ferocidad,en  una  crueldad 
calculada,  y  en  el  arte  infernal  de  amaestrar  en  su§>  per- 
fidias  y  en  sus  furores  a  sus  Marescales,  a  sus  Geherales  y 
a  todos  los  demos  satelites  de  su  refinada  Urania.  El  ha 
encendido  la  guerra  en  todo  el  contenente  de  Europa,  el  lo 
ha  devastado,  lo  had  empohrecido,  y  lo  quiere  hacer  volver 
a  la  harharie  de  los  siglos  ohscuros  para  dexar  asi  estab- 
licido  su  cetro  de  hierro." 

The  second,  also  from  Cadiz,  dated  January  23,  1812. 
and  signed  by  Don  Joachin  de  Mosquera  y  Figueroa,  is 
addressed  to  ''Americanos,"  and  concludes  with  an  ap- 
peal as  follows: 

" Lejos  de  vosotros,  0  Atnericanos!  tan  funestro  pre- 
sagio.  Eenazcan  las  dulces  ideas  de  fraternidad  y  de  union 
que  han  lahrado  nuestra  comun  felicidad  durante  tres- 
cinetos  anos.  Unamos  nuestros  esfuerzos  para  sacudir  el 
y  go  ignominioso  que  pretenden  imponernos  nuestros  in- 
vasores  y  arrastremos  impdvidos  los  ohstdcidos  que  puedan 
presentdrsenos  en  la  escabrosa  senda  en  que  nos  vemos 
empenados!  escahrosa  por  cierto,  pero  que  debe  condu- 
cirnos  a  la  inmortalidad." 

The  third  is  signed  by  Ignacio  de  la  Pezuela  and  is 
dated  Cadiz,  January  31,  1812. 

1336  LETTER;  rough  draft;  no  date;  relative  to  educa- 
tion of  the  Indians.     No  signature. 

1337  DECREE  of  the  Mexican  Congress  abolishing  titles 
of  nobility,  such  as  Conde,  Marques,  CahaUero,  and 


394  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

^^todos  los  de  igual  naturaleza,  cualquiera  que  sea  su 
origen/^    Mexico,  May  2,  1826. 

(Signed)  Guadalupe  Victoria 
Sebastian  Camancho 
Published  at  Santa  Fe,  June  16,  1826,  by  the  gover- 
nor, Don  Antonio  Narbona. 

1338  EOYAL  DECREE. 

Appointment  of  Don  Domingo  de  Cruzate  as  governor 
and  captain-general  of  New  ]\Iexico.  Instructions  for  the 
reestablishment  of  towns,  location  of  Indians,  etc.  Grants 
to  the  Pueblo  tribes  authorized.    Dated  1684. 

1339  PETITION  relative  to  lands  of  the  Pueblo  of  San 

Ildefonso.     September  18,  1704. 

Petition  by  Captain  Alfonso  Rael  de  Aguilar,  protector 
of  Indians,  on  behalf  of  those  of  the  pueblo  of  San  Ilde- 
fonso, complaining  that  Captain  Ignacio  de  Roybal  had 
acquired  by  grant  all  the  lands  on  the  other  side  (the 
western  side)  of  the  Del  Norte  river  opposite  the  pueblo 
of  San  Ildefonso,  in  violation  of  the  royal  ordinances  and 
to  the  detriment  of  tlie  Indians,  to  whom  said  lands  had 
belonged  from  ancient  times  and  on  which  they  had 
squashes  and  melons  planted  at  the  time  of  making  the 
complaint.  Captain  Rael  requests  the  governor  to  make 
Roybal  present  his  instrument  of  title  for  examination, 
and  to  give  to  the  Indians  the  four  leagues  of  land  to 
which  they  were  entitled,  and  compel  Roybal  to  confine 
himself  to  the  lands  which  he  had  at  the  pueblo  of  Jacona 
and  at  Santa  Fe  and  other  places. 

This  petition  was  presented  to  Acting  Governor  Juan 
Paez  Hurtado  on  September  18,  1704,  and  he  immediately 
ordered  Roybal  to  produce  his  grant  for  examination. 

This  order  was  served  on  Roybal  on  the  same  day,  and 
the  following  day  he  appeared  at  Santa  Fe  with  his  grant, 
a  copy  of  which  is  attached  to  the  proceedings. 

This  grant  was  made  by  the  Marquis  de  la  Nava  de 
Brazinas  (Diego  de  Vargas)  on  March  4,  1704. 

In  the  petition  for  the  grant,  Roybal  had  stated  that  he 
wanted  the  lands  "for  a  large  and  small  stock  and  a  horse 
herd,"  which  practically  made  it  nothing  more  than  a 
request  for  a  pasturage  permit.  He  described  the  lands 
as  lying  between  the  lands  of  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara 
and  the  Caja  del  Rio  (the  Caja  del  Rio  is  the  box  canon 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  395 

below  San  Ildefonso,  sometimes  called  the  Whiterock 
Canyon),  and  the  Rio  Grande  on  the  east,  and  the  moun- 
tain on  the  west. 

The  governor,  in  making  the  grant,  called  attention  to 
the  fact  that  i\Iateo  Trujillo  had  a  grant  extending  from 
the  boundary  of  Santa  Clara  down  to  a  place  where  he 
(the  governor)  had  halted  with  his  camp;  that  from  that 
point  Roybal's  grant  should  extend  toward  the  Caja  del 
Rio. 

There  was  no  act  of  possession  following  the  grant. 

On  the  same  day  on  which  he  presented  his  grant  for 
examination,  Roybal  filed  an  answer  to  the  petition  of 
Rael,  in  which  answer  he  denies  that  his  grant  interferes 
with  the  Indians.  He  says  that  he  has  never  prevented 
their  pasturing  their  stock  and  horses  on  the  land,  but  he 
denies  that  they  have  ever  cultivated  any  portion  of  it. 

The  acting  governor,  on  September  19,  1704,  ordered 
Antonio  de  Aguilera  Ysasi,  in  company  with  Captain 
Cristobal  de  Arellano  and  two  attending  witnesses,  to  ex- 
amine the  land  and  see  whether  the  Indians  had  ever  had 
on  the  other  side  of  the  river  cultivated  lands  and  an  ir- 
rigating ditch. 

On  September  22,  1704,  Aguilera  and  others  went  to 
the  land  in  question  and  about  three-fourths  of  a  league 
from  the  pueblo  he  found  what  was  apparently  a  ditch 
which  came  out  of  the  river,  and  some  land  which  ap- 
peared to  have  been  cultivated.  The  Indians  stopped  at 
that  point  and  told  him  that  at  that  place,  where  some 
evidences  of  a  monument  were  discovered,  the  first  Span- 
iards had  designated  to  them  their  boundary,  before  the 
revolution  of  1680. 

Aguilera  reported  his  examination  to  the  acting  gov- 
ernor, and  the  latter,  on  September  25,  1704.  ordered 
Captain  Cristobal  de  Arellano,  chief  alcalde  of  the  dis- 
trict, to  measure  one  league  in  each  direction  (from  the 
pueblo?)  and  designate  monuments  for  the  Indians;  that 
the  grant  of  Roybal  should  be  understood  to  extend  on- 
ward from  said  monuments;  that  if  the  measurements  to 
be  made  by  the  alcalde  should  include  any  of  the  culti- 
vated lands  held  by  Matias  Madrid,  said  measurements 
should  be  understood  as  effective  only  from  the  pueblo  as 
far  as  ]\f adrid  's  boundaries ;  and  if  the  parties  were  not 
satisfied  with  tliis  decision  they  might  appeal  to  the  new 
governor,  who  was  soon  to  take  charge,  or  they  might  ap- 
peal to  the  viceroy. 

On  September  28,  1704,  the  governor  of  the  pueblo  of 


396  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

San  Ildefonso,  Matias  Cuntzi,  and  other  officers  of  the 
pueblo,  presented  a  statement  by  their  protector,  Rael, 
setting  forth  that  they  had  occupied  the  lands  in  dispute 
before  the  Spaniards  abandoned  the  kingdom  (in  1680), 
as  could  be  shown  by  the  evidence  of  an  old  Spaniard 
named  Domingo  Martin,  who  knew  that  Father  Antonio 
de  Sotomayor,  formerly  minister  of  the  pueblo,  had 
planted  them;  and  that  Father  Felipe  Rodrig-uez,  another 
minister  of  the  pueblo,  and  Father  Francisco  de  Sandoval 
also  had  planted  them,  and  during  a  time  of  great  famine 
had  compelled  the  Indians  to  plant  there  in  order  to  have 
food  for  their  subsistence;  that  they  had  determined  to 
plant  the  same  lands  in  the  coming  year,  when  they  dis- 
covered that  Roybal  had  received  a  grant  covering  the 
lands. 

They  further  stated  that  their  old  monument  could  be 
found  a  little  beyond  a  place  where  they  had  built  a  house 
and  a  tower,  and  that  evidences  of  their  former  ditch  and 
cultivated  lands  could  still  be  seen,  although  they  were 
dim,  as  the  lands  had  not  been  cultivated  for  ten  years. 
They  ask  that  they  be  given  the  customary  measurements 
and  that  monuments  be  erected  to  mark  their  boundaries. 

The  acting  governor  made  an  indorsement  on  this  state- 
ment, to  the  effect  that  he  had  already  taken  the  steps 
necessary  in  the  matter,  and  ordered  it  to  be  attached  to 
the  other  proceedings  in  the  case. 

On  October  9,  1704,  the  alcalde,  Cristobal  de  Arellano, 
in  compliance  with  the  orders  of  September  25,  went  to 
San  Ildefonso  to  make  the  measurement  of  the  league.  He 
notified  Roybal  of  the  governor's  order  in  the  premises  in 
order  that  Roybal  might  be  present,  but  the  latter  declined 
to  come.  Arellano  then  measured  one  league  to  the  north, 
half  a  league  to  the  south,  half  a  league  to  the  west,  and 
another  half  league  on  the  east.  His  reasons  for  not  com- 
pleting the  full  league  in  three  of  his  measurements  are 
so  badly  expressed  as  to  make  his  meaning  very  doubtful. 
I  am  inclined  to  think'  that  he  meant  to  say  that  the  meas- 
urements in  question  included  only  the  cultivable  land, 
and  that  the  rest  of  it  was  of  no  value,  except  for  fuel. 
However,  I  am  not  perfectly  certain  what  he  meant.  The 
one  thing  that  is  perfectly  clear  is  the  distance  measured 
toward  each  of  the  cardinal  points. 

The  document  ends  in  this  way,  without  any  approval 
of  the  measurements  by  the  acting  governor. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  397 

1340  ORDER,  August  25,   1705,  by  Governor   Francisco 

Cuervo  y  Valdez. 

Prohibiting  all  Spanish  citizens  from  residing  in  Indian 
pueblos,  or  even  entering  them  without  express  permission 
from  the  governor,  and  commanding  any  citizens  who 
were  then  living  in  the  pueblos  to  leave  them,  and  to  re- 
move therefrom  all  their  property. 

This  order  was  made  public  at  the  pueblo  of  Taos  on 
August  28,  1705,  by  Felix  Martinez,  chief  alcalde  of  that 
district. 

1341  TESTIMONIO  of  an  Order  of  Don  Ignacio  Flores 
Mogollon,  Governor  and  Captain-General,  giving  di- 
rections to  General  Antonio  Valverde,  El  Paso,  to  lo- 
cate the  Sumas  Indians,  dated  November  10,  1712. 

This   archive    has   a   magnificent   signature    of    Captain 
Koque  de  Pintto,  the  secretary  of  government  and  war. 
The  Sumas  Indians  to  be  located  in  pueblos. 

1342  ORDER,  by  the  Viceroy  of  New  Spain,  October  22, 
1704,  directing  his  compliance  w^th  a  decree  of  the 
King  relative  to  the  giving  of  lands  to  Indians,  pre- 
venting their  being  compelled  to  work  without  com- 
pensation, etc.,  said  decree  bearing  date,  October  15, 
1713. 

With  this  order  is  a  copy  of  an  opinion  of  the  attorney-gen- 
eral at  Arispe,  to  the  commandant-general,  relating  to  cer- 
tain modifications  of  the  laws  of  the  Indies  in  regard  to 
Spaniards  and  mixed  bloods  living  in  Indian  pueblos ;  said 
copy  being  directed  to  Don  Juan  Bautista  de  Anza,  then 
governor  of  New  Mexico. 

The  opinion  was  dated  at  Arispe,  January  23,  1783, 
and  the  copy  made  on  the  next  day. 

Accompanying  the  copy  of  the  opinion  is  a  letter  of 
transmittal  from  the  commandant-general,  De  Croix,  to 
Governor  Anza,  dated  January  24,  1783.  advising  him  that 
in  the  future  he  will  be  governed  by  the  opinion  of  the 
attorney-general. 

The  last  paper  in  this  archive  is  a  copy  of  the  foregoing 
opinion,  made  by  Governor  Anza.  to  be  circulated  and 
promulgated  throughout  the  province,  followed  by  a  cer- 
tificate of  the  alcalde  of  each  district  to  the  effect  that  he 
had  publicly  proclaimed  the  same. 


398  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

1343  STATEMENT  by  Alfonso  Rael  de  Aguilar,  at  the 

Pueblo  of  Santo  Domingo,  on  June  8,  1722. 

That  he  had  been  ordered  by  Governor  Juan  Domingo  de 
Bustamante  to  call  together  the  Indians  of  Santo  Do- 
mingo and  Cochiti  for  the  purpose  of  investigating  the 
facts  connected  with  a  suit  brought  by  the  Santo  Domingo 
people  against  those  of  Cochiti  in  regard  to  certain  lands 
sold  by  Doiia  Juana  Baca  to  the  latter ;  that  with  this  end 
in  ^dew,  he  summoned  Miguel  de  San  Juan,  her  son,  who 
stated  that  the  lands  which  his  mother  had  sold  were  on 
the  other  side  of  the  river  (the  Kio  Grande),  and  were 
not  included  in  the  lands  in  dispute,  as  would  appear  by 
the  deed  of  sale  made  by  his  mother  in  virtue  of  her  grant 
titles,  which  documents  were  in  the  possession  of  the  Co- 
chiti Indians;  that  he  thereupon  ordered  the  Indians  to 
produce  the  documents,  which  they  did;  that  their  in- 
spection showed  that  on  February  20,  1703,  Pedro  Rodri- 
guez Cubero,  the  governor  of  New  Mexico,  made  a  grant 
to  Dona  Juana  Baca  of  a  tract  of  land  on  the  other  side 
of  the  Del  Norte  river  between  the  two  pueblos,  and  that 
she  had  received  the  royal  possession  thereof  quietly  and 
peaceably;  that  he  then  called  upon  the  Indians  to  state 
which  were  the  lands  about  which  they  were  disputing; 
that  they  replied  that  they  were  on  this  side  of  the  river 
midway  between  to  the  two  pueblos;  that  thereupon  he 
proceeded  to  measure  one  league  from  the  cemetery  of  the 
Santo  Domingo  church  straight  toward  the  pueblo  of  Co- 
chiti, making  a  temporary  mark  at  the  termination  of  the 
league ;  that  he  then  measured  one  league  south  from  Co- 
chiti, and  between  the  termination  of  that  measurement 
and  the  one  made  northward  from  Santo  Domingo  there 
was  a  distance  of  1,600  varas ;  that  this  space  between  the 
extremities  of  the  two  leagues  he  divided  equally  between 
Santo  Domingo  and  Cochiti,  the  Indians  being  perfectly 
satisfied  with  the  arrangement,  and  certified  copies  of  the 
proceeding  being  given  to  both  parties. 

1344  CERTIFIED  STATEMENT  by  Juan  Paez  Hurtado, 

dated  at  Santa  Cruz,  on  June  10,  1724. 

That  he  had  received  a  message  from  the  governor  of 
New  IMexico  directing  him  to  ascertain  whether  Mateo 
Trujillo  had  ever  settled  on  the  tract  of  lands  granted  to 
him  in  the  year  1700  by  General  Cubero,  on  the  other  side 
of  the  Del  Norte  river,  between  the  pueblos  of  Santa 
Clara  and  San  Ildefonso ;  that  he  had  called  together  the 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  399 

principal  Indians  of  "said  Pueblo"  (which  pueblo?)  and 
had  administered  the  oath  to  them;  that  they  had  stated 
that  on  two  Sundays  Trujillo  had  erected  a  cross,  and  on 
Wednesday  of  that  week  he  had  put  up  two  forked  poles, 
which  Paez  had  seen  when  he  made  the  measurements  in 
order  to  give  the  Indians  their  league,  as  they  had  only 
2,200  varas  of  land  on  which  they  were  planting,  the 
land  being  theirs  and  they  always  having  planted  it,  as 
was  shown  by  an  ii-rigating  ditch  which  was  on  the  tract, 
and  they  not  having  in  any  other  direction  any  place  they 
could  plant,  there  remaining  for  Trujillo,  from  the  In- 
dians' boundaries  to  the  table-land,  about  three  hundred 
varas ;  that  the  chief  alcalde  swore  to  the  same  thing  that 
the  Indians  did  —  that  Trujillo  had  never  settled  on  the 
land;  that  the  Indians  who  swore  to  it  were  Juan,  the 
governor,  Felipe  Cherpe,  and  Juan  the  general,  and  that 
the  whole  pueblo  swore  to  the  same,  etc.,  etc. 

1345  BALTAZAR  ROMERO.     Deed  to  Pueblo  of  Santa 

Ana.     The  sale  was  annulled  by  Governor  Cruzat  y 

Gongora,  Mafrcli  1,  1734. 

The  date  of  the  sale  by  Romero  does  not  appear,  nor  is 
the  land  accurately  described ;  it  is  stated  that  it  is  a 
tract  of  lands  and  a  grove  situate  on  the  other  side  of  the 
river  and  that  it  belonged  to  Bernalillo,  a  very  ancient 
settlement  of  Spaniards;  that  the  sale  was  to  the  prejudice 
of  the  settlement  and  contrary  to  the  royal  laws;  that  if 
Romero  wanted  to  sell  the  land  he  must  sell  it  to  Spaniards 
and  not  to  the  Indians,  or  any  community  of  Indians, 
etc. 

The  notice  of  this  annulment  was  served  on  the  parties 
to  the  sale  by  the  chief  alcalde  of  Bernalillo,  on  March 
11,  1734. 

1346  DIEGO     GALLEGOS.      Deed;    Grant:    uncertified 

copy. 

The  grant  was  made  by  Governor  Don  Juan  Domingo  de 
Bustamante  on  January  13,  1730,  to  Diego  Gallegos,  a 
citizen  of  Bernalillo,  for  a  piece  of  land  opposite  Santo 
Domingo,  on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  the  boundaries 
of  which  were  described  in  the  petition  as  follows :  ' '  On 
the  north  side  by  the  old  Pueblo  of  Cochiti,  which  is  in 
the  mountain ;  on  the  south  a  spring  of  water,  which  is  in 
the  small  Canada  which  comes  down  to  the  little  house 
called  Cubero  's ;  on  the  east  by  the  road  which  comes  down 


400  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

from  Jemez  to  San  Felipe;  on  the  west  by  the  lands  of 
Santo  Domingo." 

Possession  was  given  by  the  chief  alcalde,  Andres  Mon- 
toya,  after  having  summoned  the  Santo  Domingo  and  Co- 
cliiti  Indians  to  be  present  and  offer  any  objections  they 
might  have  and  after  they  had  stated  that  the  grant  was 
not  to  their  injury. 

The  deed  was  made  by  Maria  Josefa  Gutierres,  widow 
of  Diego  Gallegos,  and  by  her  children,  to  the  Indians  of 
the  pueblo  of  Santo  Domingo,  November  28,  1748,  and 
conveyed  the  same  property  that  was  granted  to  Diego 
Gallegos  by  the  Governor  Bustamante  on  January  13, 
1730. 

1347  PUEBLO  OF  SANDIA.     January  23,  1748. 

This  archive  consists  of  five  separate  papers.  The  largest 
of  these  is  a  certified  copy  of  proceedings  in  connection 
with  the  decision  of  the  question  whether  future  mission- 
ary efforts  among  the  Moquis  should  be  carried  on  by  the 
Franciscans  or  the  Jesuits.  On  the  first  page  of  leaf  8, 
there  begins  a  petition  of  Fr.  Juan  Miguel  Menehero,  who 
asks  for  the  tract  of  land  on  which  is  situate  the  aban- 
doned mission  of  Sandia,  in  order  that  he  might  re-settle 
it  with  the  Moquis,  who  had  come  over  from  their  country 
in  1742  with  his  missionaries,  and  who  were  then  living  at 
Jemez  and  other  pueblos.  This  petition  is  followed  by  a 
grant  of  land  asked  for  made  by  the  governor,  Don 
Joaquin  Codallos  y  Rabal,  on  January  23,  1748. 

Opinion  of  the  auditor-general  of  war  to  the  viceroy  of 
New  Spain  as  to  whether  the  missionary  work  among  the 
Moquis  should  be  given  to  the  Jesuits  or  to  the  Franciscans. 
This  archive  is  interesting  as  it  refere  to  the  Moquis  having 
participated  in  the  revolution  of  1680  and  advising  the  re- 
settlement of  many  abandoned  pueblos  in  the  valley  of  the 
Rio  Grande;  also  contains  a  petition  by  Fr.  Juan  Miguel 
Menehero,  asking  for  the  abandoned  tract  of  the  Sandia 
mission  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  the  Moquis  who 
came  over  in  1742  with  his  missionaries  Delgado  and  Pino, 
and  who  were  then  living  at  Jemez  and  other  puehlos.  The 
archive  contains  five  documents;  the  one  marked  1347-1  is 
a  call  for  a  council  of  war  to  decide  as  to  making  war  on 
the  Utes  for  having  stolen  the  horse-herd  of  the  Taos  In- 
dians.    Date  October  14,  1716. 

1348  JUAN  MONTES  VIGIL:  March  21,  1753. 

This  archive  begins  with  a  statement  by  Juan  Montes  y 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  401 

Vigil,  chief  alcalde  of  Santo  Domingo,  Cochiti,  and  San 
Felipe,  advising  the  governor  of  the  province  that  the 
Indians  of  San  Felipe  had  arranged  with  the  heirs  of 
Cristobal  Baca  to  purchase  a  tract  of  land  at  Angostura 
for  900  pesos,  and  suggesting  that  the  matter  be  carried 
through  regularly  and  the  Indians  be  protected  against 
imposition  and  fraud ;  that  the  governor  should  appoint 
one  or  two  honest  and  competent  persons  to  appraise  the 
land  in  question. 

This  petition  was  presented  to  Governor  Don  Tomas 
Velez  Cachupin  at  Santa  Fe,  March  21,  1753,  and  he  at 
once  issued  his  order  covering  the  matter,  appointing 
Miguel  INIontoya  of  Atrisco  and  Geronimo  Jaramillo  of 
Los  Corrales  as  appraisers  and  directed  the  chief  alcalde, 
Miguel  Lucero,  to  take  the  sworn  statements  of  the  ap- 
praisers, separately,  after  they  had  examined  the  land. 

The  depositions  of  the  appraisers  show  that  they  con- 
sidered the  lands  were  not  worth  more  than  600  pesos, 
and  when  this  information  was  laid  before  the  governor, 
he  immediately  issued  an  order  giving  detailed  directions 
how  the  sale  should  be  made  and  the  money  (600  pesos) 
paid  over  by  the  Indians.  The  order  also  shows  that  the 
governor  was  familiar  with  the  customary  methods  of  de- 
frauding the  Indians  at  that  date,  and  did  not  intend 
that  they  should  be  imposed  upon.  The  document  is  full 
of  interesting  details. 

The  result  of  the  governor's  action  was  that  the  owners 
of  the  land  sold  it  at  the  price  fixed  by  the  appraisers 
and  the  Indians  paid  for  it  in  cattle,  sheep,  bucksins, 
and  other  articles  of  barter,  there  being  little  or  no  money 
in  the  kingdom  at  that  time. 

The  vendors  executed  a  deed  to  the  Indians,  April  24, 
1753,  the  deed  being  found  on  the  last  two  leaves  of  the 
manuscript.  The  lands  are  described:  "And  said  lands 
are  at  the  place  called  the  Angostura  immediately  con- 
tiguous to  the  Pueblo  and  IMission  of  San  Felipe  and  on 
the  other  side  they  adjoin  the  ranch  and  lands  of  Cristo- 
bal Martin,  deceased." 

1349  PUEBLO  OF  SANTA  ANA;  purchase  of  lands  from 
Quiteria  Contreras,  wife  of  Jose  de  Jesus  Montano 
^\ddow  of  Cristobal  Martinez  Gallego,  and  from  her 
son,  Mariano  Martinez,  et  al. 

The  statement  of  the  boundaries  locates  the  tract  east 


402  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

of  the  Rio  Grande  and  other  recitals  place  the  town  of 
Bernalillo  west  of  the  river  at  that  date. 

It  appears  from  these  proceedings  that  the  Santa  Ana 
Indians  appeared  before  the  chief  alcalde,  Don  Bernardo 
de  IMiera  y  Pacheco,  and  informed  him  that  they  desired 
to  buy  from  Quiteria  Contreras  a  tract  of  land  "which 
is  on  the  other  side  (of  the  river)  from  Bernalillo," 
and  the  prospective  vendors  also  appeared  and  agreed  to 
sell. 

The  alcalde  ordered  each  party  to  select  a  person  to 
act  as  an  appraiser  of  the  lands.  The  Indians  selected  the 
militia  ensign,  Pablo  Salazar,  and  the  vendors  selected 
Juan  Bautista  Montano,  who  were  sworn  by  the  alcalde. 

The  lands  were  measured  and  valued  at  3,000  pesos,  ac- 
cording to  prevailing  prices.  The  sum  was  paid  by  the 
Indians  in  bulls,  cows,  oxen,  sheep,  goats,  horses,  the 
animals  contributed  by  each  Indian  being  set  forth  in  a 
list  which  forms  a  part  of  the  proceedings. 

The  deed  was  made  on  July  7,  1763,  and  the  property 
sold  is  described  as  being  "on  the  west  side  by  the  Rio 
del  Norte,  on  the  east  to  the  foot  of  the  Sandia  mountain, 
on  the  north  the  half  of  the  Angostura,  where  a  cross  is 
placed  adjoining  the  properties  of  the  Pueblo  of  San 
Felipe ;  on  the  south  by  the  three  cottonwood  trees  which 
are  below  the  house  where  said  deceased  used  to  live,  and 
from  the  said  cottonwood  trees  the  straight  line  follows 
from  northeast  to  southwest  to  join  and  re-unite  said 
lands  with  those  which  said  natives  have  purchased  which 
formerly  belonged  to  Miranda,  and  from  said  cottonwood 
trees  in  the  direction  of  the  south  they  reserve,  without 
selling,  a  piece  of  land  which  was  sold  to  said  deceased  by 
Josef  a  Baca,  deceased,"  etc.  The  "said  deceased"  was 
Cristobal  IMartinez  Gallego,  first  husband  of  Quiteria  Con- 
treras. 

The  sale  was  approved  by  the  governor.  The  Indians 
were  ordered  to  put  up  permanent  monuments,  which  they 
did. 

This  archive  shows  that  in  1763  Bernalillo  was  on  the 
ivest  side  of  the  Rio  Grande.     Pp.  1,  2,  3,  8,  and  9 ;  q.  v. 

1350  DECREE.     October  31,  1769.  Location  of  the  Sumas 
Indians. 

Don  Pedro  de  la  Fuente  [rubric]  ;  Don  Tomas  Velez 
Cachupin,  Governor  and  Captain-General;  Don  Carlos 
Fernandez;  Don  Joseph  Maldonado. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  403 

The  founding  of  a  pueblo  of  Sumas  Indians  at  San  Lo- 
renzo el  Real. 

1351  PUEBLO  INDIANS.     San  Ildefonso;  Santa  Clara. 
Lands. 

Felipe  Tafoya,  as  attorney  for  the  Indians  of  San  Ilde- 
fonso, filed  a  protest  with  the  governor  of  New  Mexico 
against  the  occupancy  of  certain  lands  belonging  to  the 
Pueblo  league  by  Spaniards  who  claimed  to  own  them. 

The  Indians  alleged  that  during  the  administration  of 
Governor  Pedro  Rodriguez  Cubero  their  old  people  had 
loaned  a  house  lot  to  Mathias  Madrid,  in  order  that  he 
might  erect  thereon  a  house;  that  not  only  did  he  build 
a  house,  but  also  began  to  cultivate  lands  notwithstand- 
ing their  protests;  that  finally  he  offered  to  sell  the  lands 
to  them,  but  they  refused  to  buy  because  the  lands  were 
already  theirs;  that  he  then  sold  them  to  Juana  Lujan, 
whose  heirs  were  still  in  possession,  her  son,  Juan  Gomez, 
having  built  a  house  so  close  to  the  pueblo  that  his  culti- 
vated land  adjoined  the  garden  of  the  Indians  next  to  the 
pueblo ;  that  on  the  other  side  of  the  river  and  within  the 
pueblo  boundaries  Marcos  Lucero,  a  citizen  of  Ojo  Cal- 
iente,  also  had  built  a  house,  under  the  pretext  of  being 
an  heir  of  Francisco  Lujan,  deceased ;  that  although  it  was 
true  that  the  latter  had  bought  a  piece  of  land  of  an  In- 
dian of  San  Ildefonso  the  people  of  the  pueblo  had  made 
complaint  because  of  the  damage  done  to  their  planting 
lands  by  the  cattle  and  horses  of  said  Lujan  and  others, 
and  Governor  Francisco  Marin  (Francisco  Antonio  Marin 
del  Valle)  had  ordered  that  the  Indian  should  return 
what  he  had  received  for  the  land,  but  the  Indian  not 
being  able  to  do  so,  an  Indian  from  Tesuque  named  Fran- 
cisco "El  Coyote,"  put  up  the  money  by  consent  of  the 
pueblo,  said  Francisco  being  interested  in  the  lands  be- 
cause he  had  married  a  daughter  of  the  interpreter  of  the 
pueblo ;  that  after  said  INIarcos  Lucero  received  the  money 
it  had  not  been  possible  to  get  him  to  leave  the  place,  and 
he  was  still  there  to  the  inconvenience  and  damage  of  the 
Indians;  that  also,  west  of  the  pueblo  and  within  the 
boundaries  of  the  grant,  some  of  the  commons  of  the 
pueblo  had  been  granted  to  Pedro  Sanchez,  who  also  had 
built  a  house,  and  although  the  Indians  protested  against 
this  grant  at  the  time  it  was  made,  no  attention  was  paid 
to  them,  and  they  had  suffered  great  injury  because  of  the 
stock  belonging  to  Sanchez  and  that  of  other  persons  who 
claim  title  under  said  ranch ;  that  in  addition  one  Antonio 


404  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Mestas,  a  citizen  of  Charaa  and  son-in-law  of  Sanchez, 
proposed  to  establish  a  ranch  on  the  other  side  of  the 
river,  opposite  the  Caja  del  Rio,  at  the  only  place  where 
there  is  a  practical  descent  from  the  Pajarito  mesa,  etc. 

In  \dew  of  all  this  the  Indians  asked  relief  from  the 
damage  they  suffered  and  that  their  league  in  three  direc- 
tions should  be  protected  and  given  to  them. 

The  governor,  Cachupin,  acted  and  commissioned,  Feb- 
ruary 4,  1763,  Don  Carlos  Fernandez  to  examine  the 
grants  or  titles  under  which  IMatias  Madrid  had  sold  to 
Juana  Lujan ;  to  measure  the  distance  from  the  church  in 
the  pueblo  to  the  ranch ;  to  measure  also  toward  the  ranch 
of  Marcos  Lucero,  ejecting  the  latter  from  the  land  for 
which  the  price  had  been  returned  without  permitting 
him  the  slightest  recourse;  to  examine  the  site  of  the 
ranch  of  Pedro  Sanchez  as  to  whether  it  is  on  lands  which 
belong  or  ought  to  belong  to  the  pueblo ;  to  notify  Antonio 
Mestas  not  to  build  a  house  or  make  a  settlement  at  the 
only  point  for  a  watering  place  on  the  Rio  del  Norte  and 
to  report  to  the  governor  what  he  had  done. 

On  February  17,  1763,  Fernandez,  chief  alcalde  of  San- 
ta Cruz  at  the  time,  made  report  that  he  had  notified  the 
heirs  of  Juana  Lujan  and  that  they  had  exhibited  to  him 
a  grant  given  to  Matias  INIadrid  by  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez 
Cubero,  the  possession  being  given  by  Roque  Madrid  with 
a  decree  by  Don  Juan  Paez  Hurtado;  also  a  deed  by 
]\Iatias  Madrid  to  Juana  Lujan,  made  before  Captain  Se- 
bastian Martin,  and  re-validated  by  the  inspector,  Juan 
Paez  Hurtado;  and  also  a  certified  copy  of  a  decision 
made  by  the  same  officer.  The  alcalde  ordered  the  docu- 
ments attached  to  the  proceedings  in  the  case.  They  are 
found  on  leaves  5  to  9  of  the  archive  in  question. 

On  February  17,  1763,  Fernandez  measured  the  dis- 
tance from  the  gate  of  the  cemetery  in  the  pueblo,  which 
gate  faced  the  east,  to  the  boundary  of  the  land  claimed 
by  the  heirs  of  Juana  Lujan,  a  distance  of  2,200  varas 
and  continuing  the  measurement  in  the  same  direction 
(east)  to  the  boundary  which  said  heirs  recognized  as 
separating  them  from  the  lands  of  the  heirs  of  Ygnacio 
Roybal,  there  was  a  further  distance  of  1,650  varas.  This 
last  boundary  was  an  arroyo,  the  nearest  one  to  the  prin- 
cipal house  of  Juana  Lujan.  From  the  measurements  it 
is  evident  that  the  lands  claimed  by  the  latter 's  heirs  were 
within  a  distance  of  3,850  varas  from  the  gate  on  the 
east  side  of  the  San  Ildefonso  cemetery. 

On  the  18th,  Fernandez  began  at  the  north  wall  of  the 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  405 

church  in  San  Yldefonzo  and  measured  directly  toward 
the  house  of  Marcos  Lucero  and  at  a  distance  of  4,372 
varas  he  came  to  the  boundary  of  the  land  claimed  by  said 
' '  Lucero  and  other  heirs  of  Francisco  Gomez  del  Castillo. ' ' 
Thence  continuing  the  measurement  in  the  same  direction 
a  distance  of  628  varas  he  arrived  at  a  point  5,000  varas, 
or  one  Spanish  league,  from  the  point  of  beginning.  This 
distance  took  in  the  house  and  all  the  lands,  except  61 
varas,  claimed  by  the  heirs  of  Gomez  del  Castillo.  These  61 
varas  reached  the  boundary  of  Juan  Esteban  Canjuebe,  a 
citizen  of  Santa  Clara. 

While  this  party  who  had  been  present  at  this  measure- 
ment were  all  together  on  the  lands  which  had  been  pur- 
chased by  IMarcos  Lucero  (they  were  purchased  by  Fran- 
cisco Lujan)  under  whom  Lucero  claimed  by  right  of  in- 
heritance (see  the  protest  at  the  beginning  of  the  pro- 
ceedings) the  verbal  statement  was  made  by  the  Indian 
from  Tesuque,  Francisco  (El  Coyote)  that  from  the  time 
he  paid  the  money  back  to  IMarcos  Lucero  the  latter  had 
not  planted  the  lands,  which  as  a  matter  of  fact  were  be- 
ing planted  by  Francisco,  although  Lucero  was  living  in 
the  house  which  he  had  built,  not  on  the  lands  purchased 
but  on  those  he  had  inherited. 

Also,  on  February  18,  1763,  Fernandez  began  at  the 
western  wall  of  the  cemetery  of  San  Ildefonso  and  meas- 
ured west  therefrom  a  distance  of  3,200  varas,  at  which 
point  he  was  north  of  the  house  of  Pedro  Sanchez.  He 
then  continued  the  measurement  west  1,800  varas  further 
to  the  end  of  the  league  of  5,000  varas  belonging  to  the 
pueblo. 

In  closing  the  proceedings  for  that  day  the  alcalde  uses 
the  following  language:  "From  measurements  it  results 
that  there  remains  to  the  natives  of  this  said  Pueblo  all  that 
which  the  two  extremities  of  the  north  and  west  measure- 
ments comprise  as  far  as  the  mountain,  which  might  be 
four  leagues  in  length,  for  coimnons  between  the  two  di- 
rections mentioned. ' ' 

On  February  20,  1763,  the  alcalde  summoned  before 
him  Antonio  Mestas,  whom  the  Indians  had  accused  of 
intending  to  establish  a  ranch  on  the  other  side  of  the 
river  at  the  only  place  where  there  was  a  practical  descent 
from  the  Pajarito  mesa.  The  alcalde  informed  Mestas 
of  the  order  of  the  governor  and  Mestas  said  that  he 
would  obey  it ;  that  neither  then  nor  at  any  time  had  he 
intended  to  settle  the  place. 

Having  complied  with  the  orders  of  the  governor  the 


406  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

alcalde  returned  the  papers  to  him  and  the  governor 
sent  them  all  to  the  Indians  in  order  that  they  might! 
make  any  statement  they  saw  fit  in  support  of  their  con- 
tention, 

Felipe  Tafoya,  as  attorney  for  the  Indians,  made  an- 
*  swer  for  them  stating  that  he  had  examined  the  grant 

made  to  Matias  Madrid  by  Governor  Cubero  and  also  the 
deed  made  by  Madrid  to  Juana  Lujan  and  he  did  not  ad- 
mit the  value  of  these  documents ;  that  he  called  attention 
to  the  decision  (see  leaf  9  of  his  archive)  in  favor  of 
Madrid,  dated  September  27,  1704,  which  clearly  showed 
the  justice  of  his  client's  contention,  for  said  decision 
stated  that  the  grant  made  by  the  Marquis  of  Naba  Bra- 
cinas  to  Ignacio  Roybal  w^as  made  to  the  injury  of  the 
Indians;  that  that  being  true  with  how  much  more  reason 
did  the  Indians  claim  that  they  were  injured  by  the  grant 
made  to  Madrid,  for  the  measurements  made  by  the  al- 
calde, Madrid,  showed  that  Fernandez'  grant  was  further 
within  their  boundaries  than  that  made  to  Roybal. 

The  answer  made  by  Tafoya  and  the  other  papers  were 
sent  to  Juan  Gomez  and  Marcos  Lucero,  heirs  of  Juana 
Lujan,  on  February  28,  1763,  for  reply  thereto. 

The  reply  was  signed  by  Juan  Gomez  del  Castillo.  He 
denies  the  statement  made  by  Tafoya,  in  first  presenting 
the  case,  that  the  Indians  had  loaned  the  land  to  Matias 
Madrid  in  order  that  he  might  build  a  house  thereon.  He 
says  that  the  grant  which  he  had  already  exhibited  proved 
the  contrary;  that  from  the  date  of  the  grant  to  the  date 
of  his  reply  it  had  been  duly  held  and  cultivated  without 
interference  by  those  claiming  under  it,  and  he  remarks: 
"If  ten  years  of  possession  in  good  faith  give  a  right  to 
the  possessor,  how  much  more  do  sixty-odd  years  give  it  to 
us."  He  makes  quite  an  argument  on  the  facts  developed^ 
in  the  case. 

On  November  3,  1763,  the  papers  were  again  ordered 
to  be  sent  to  the  attorney  for  the  Indians,  Felipe  Tafoya, 
and  he  made  another  argument  for  the  Indians. 

Following  this  is  an  order  of  November  12.  1763,  by 
Governor  Velez  Cachupin,  directing  that  the  proceedings 
be  transmitted  to  the  licentiate,  Don  Fernando  de  Torija 
y  Leri  at  Chihuahua,  in  order  that  he  give  a  legal  opinion 
on  the  points  involved. 

The  opinion  requested  is  dated  October  27,  1764,  and, 
after  a  brief  review  of  conditions  existing,  amounts  only 
to  a  suggestion  as  to  the  best  and  most  practicable  man- 
ner of  settling  the  dispute  in  an  equitable  way  and  with- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  407 

out  encouraging  the  same  class  of  controversies  in  other 
pueblos. 

The  licentiate  says,  in  substance,  that  the  best  way  to 
settle  the  matter  would  be  to  give  the  Indians  from  the 
unoccupied  lands  on  the  north  and  west,  an  amount  suffi- 
cient to  make  up  what  they  are  lacking  to  complete  the 
full  amount  to  which  they  were  entitled.  He  also  ap- 
proves the  action  of  the  governor  relative  to  the  house 
which  Antonio  Mestas  was  accused  of  intending  to  erect 
on  the  land  of  the  Indians  and  suggested  that  monuments 
should  be  erected  and  that  the  Spanish  citizens  be  or- 
dered to  keep  their  stock  outside  of  those  boundaries  un- 
der the  gravest  penalties. 

This  opinion  is  followed  by  the  decision  of  the  govern- 
or, dated  April  12,  1765,  which  is  in  effect  a  grant  of 
lands  west  of  the  pueblo  to  the  Indians  thereof.  He  says : 
' '  In  view  of  the  fact  that  on  the  west,  directly  toward  the 
mountain,  there  are  lands  free  and  unoccupied,  there  is 
granted  to  the  Indians  of  the  Pueblo  of  San  Ildefonso  all 
the  extent  necessary  and  of  which  they  may  be  in  need 
for  pasturing  their  large  stock,  of  which  they  have  an 
abundance,  and  big  herd  of  horses  necessary  to  the 
rendering  of  royal  ser\ace,  there  being  included  in 
their  property  the  ranch  that  was  called  that  of  Pedro 
Sanchez,  now  unoccupied,  situate  in  the  valley  of  the  little 
arroyo  which  they  call  Los  Guages ;  and  as  to  what  relates 
to  the  north  side,  along  the  edges  of  the  river,  upward, 
the  house  constructed  by  Marcos  Lueero,  a  citizen  tres- 
passing on  the  boundaries  of  the  cultivated  land  of  said 
Pueblo  of  San  Ildefonso,  may  be  destroyed,  or  the  said 
house  may  be  remain  for  the  benefit  of  the  said  Pueblo, 
to  serve  as  a  boundary  and  stable  and  known  landmark;" 
etc. 

At  San  Ildefonso,  on  April  24,  1765,  the  substitute 
chief  alcalde,  Antonio  Jose  Ortiz,  in  compliance  ^^^th  the 
order  of  the  governor  called  together  the  people  of  the 
pueblo,  their  attorney,  and  all  the  heirs  of  Juana  Lujan 
and  announced  to  them  the  decision  of  the  governor. 
Thereupon  the  Indians  stated  they  were  in  conformity 
with  the  decision  as  to  the  eastern  and  western  sides,  but 
not  as  to  the  northern,  because  the  house  of  Marcos 
Lueero,  which  was  designated  to  them  as  a  boundary,  was 
in  the  midst  of  the  lands  which  they  liad  always  recog- 
nized as  theirs,  for  the  boundary  which  they  had  always 
recognized  had  been  an  arroyo  which  had  been  pointed 
out  to  them  by  Governor  Juan  Paez  Ilurtado;   that  if 


408  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

their  landmark  should  be  fixed  at  that  arroyo,  they  would 
be  satisfied.  The  heirs  of  Juana  Lujan  and  Francisco 
Lujan  stated  that  with  regard  to  the  boundary  with  which 
the  Indians  were  satisfied  they  still  desired  to  make  fur- 
ther representations,  and  the  heirs  of  Pedro  Sanchez  made 
the  same  statement. 

The  next  paper  in  the  proceedings  is  a  statement  by 
Felipe  Tafoya,  on  behalf  of  the  Indians,  that  if  they 
should  be  given  the  arroyo  designated  by  General  Juan 
Paez  Hurtado,  for  their  boundary  on  the  north  they 
would  be  satisfied  with  the  decision  as  to  the  eastern  and 
western  boundaries.  He  further  stated  that  the  Indians 
said  that  the  monument  erected  by  order  of  Juan  Paez 
Hurtado  had  been  taken  away,  but  at  the  foot  of  the 
monument  they  had  buried  in  the  ground  some  stones,  in 
the  form  of  a  cross,  and  that  those  possibly  might  still  be 
found,  but  even  if  they  could  not  be  found  the  Indians 
knew  the  place  where  they  had  been  buried  to  mark  the 
boundary. 

On  June  10,  1756  (1765)  Governor  Velez  Cachupin  or- 
dered the  Indians  to  exhibit  some  documentary  evidence 
of  the  measurements  which  they  claimed  had  been  made 
by  Governor  Paez  Hurtado,  and  also  he  directed  the  substi- 
tute chief  alcalde,  Don  Antonio  Jose  Ortiz,  to  make  an  ex- 
amination as  to  whether  the  stones  placed  in  the  form  of 
a  cross  could  be  found. 

On  July  21,  1765,  the  substitute  chief  alcalde  proceeded 
with  the  examination  ordered,  having  first  asked  the  In- 
dians to  exhibit  the  instrument  that  was  given  to  them 
at  the  time  the  boundary  was  established  and  to  state  the 
names  of  the  witnesses  who  were  present  on  that  occa- 
sion. To  this  request  the  Indians  responded  by  present- 
ing a  document  which  forms  leaves  21  and  22  of  the  manu- 
script, the  purport  of  which  will  be  referred  to  later.  The 
substitute  chief  alcalde,  accompanied  by  the  Indians,  the 
heirs  of  Francisco  Gomez  del  Castillo,  and  by  Domingo 
Vigil,  who  had  been  summoned  as  a  witness  at  the  request 
of  the  Indians,  and  who  had  taken  part  in  the  proceedings 
described  in  the  document  just  presented  by  the  Indians, 
went  to  the  place  where  the  latter  said  stones  had  been 
buried  in  the  ground.  Some  of  the  stones  were  visible, 
and  when  the  others  were  uncovered  it  was  seen  that  they 
had  been  buried  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  as  the  Indians  had 
stated.  Domingo  Vigil  then  said  to  the  Indians  that  the 
boundary  which  he  had  pointed  out  to  them  was  not 
there,  to  which  the  Indians  replied  that  it  was  the  same 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  409 

one  which  they  had  established  by  command  of  General 
Paez  Hurtado.  When  the  Indians  were  asked  if  he  had  giv- 
en them  a  document  they  said  that  they  did  not  know  for 
they  were  mere  boys  at  that  time,  but  they  were  certain  it 
was  the  boundary  which  was  designated  by  him. 

This  man,  Domingo  Vigil,  whom  the  Indians  had  sum- 
moned as  a  witness,  and  who,  when  confronted  with  the 
stones  set  in  the  ground  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  denied 
that  such  was  the  place  he  had  designated,  was  the  chief 
alcalde  (formerly)  of  Santa  Cruz,  and  while  filling  that 
office,  had  acted  officially  in  a  matter  which  was  set  forth 
in  a  document  signed  by  him  and  dated  April  2,  1731, 
which  document  had  been  presented  to  the  alcalde,  An- 
tonio Jose  Ortiz,  July  21,  1765,  by  the  Indians  and  which, 
as  before  stated,  forms  a  part  of  archive  1351,  being 
found  on  leaves  21  and  22  thereof. 

It  is  shown  in  this  document  that  the  Indians  of  San 
Ildefonso  made  some  sort  of  a  complaint  to  Governor 
Bustamante  about  a  grant  made  to  Mateo  Trujillo  between 
their  pueblo  and  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara ;  that  the  gov- 
ernor sent  for  Domingo  Vigil,  then  alcalde  of  Santa  Cruz, 
ordering  an  investigation  of  the  boundaries  and  to  see 
that  the  Indians  were  paid  for  the  work  they  had  done  in 
taking  out  the  irrigation  ditch ;  that  when  the  alcalde 
went  to  examine  into  the  matter  the  Indians  of  Santa  Clara 
showed  him  a  decree  by  Governor  Paez  Hurtado,  June  9, 
1724,  in  regard  to  a  complaint  they  had  made  about  this 
same  grant  to  Mateo  Trujillo,  by  which  it  appeared  that  the 
governor  (Juan  Paez  Hurtado)  had  measured  a  league 
south  from  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara,  said  Trujillo  being 
present,  and  had  fixed  as  the  northern  boundary  of  his  land 
the  lands  of  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara,  and  as  his  southern 
boundary  the  slope  of  the  San  Ildefonso  mesa. 

Vigil  states  that  in  conformity  with  the  decree  of  Gov- 
ernor Paez  he  designated  as  a  boundary  on  the  north  the 
slope  of  the  mesa  which  served  as  a  southern  boundary 
of  the  lands  of  Mateo  Trujillo ;  that  he  commanded  monu- 
ments to  be  placed  on  the  boundary,  and  they  were  placed ; 
that  the  Indians  agreed  not  to  demand  anything  for  the 
work  they  had  done  on  the  irrigation  ditch,  provided  the 
lands  should  remain  in  the  hands  of  Baltazar  Trujillo  or 
Antonio  Tafoya,  and  in  case  they  wanted  to  sell  them 
they  would  sell  to  the  Indians;  and  with  the  further  un- 
derstanding that  in  the  meantime  the  Indians  should 
not  be  compelled  to  clean  the  ditch,  all  of  which  was 
agreed  to  by  Trujillo  and  Tafoya. 


410  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Following  the  foregoing,  which  is  signed  by  Domingo 
Vigil  and  two  witnesses,  is  an  approval  of  the  agreement 
between  the  Indians  and  the  Spaniards,  signed  by  Governor 
Don  Gervasio  Cruzat  y  Gongora  on  July  6,  1732. 

This  is  followed  by  another  action  of  the  same  gover- 
nor, April  7,  1736,  showing  that  he  had  changed  his  mind 
about  the  matter ;  that  he  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that 
the  agreement  was  prejudicial  to  the  interests  of  the  Span- 
iards, because  the  Indians  had  not  exhibited  any  grant 
for  their  lands  and  consequently  the  lawful  boundaries 
thereof  were  not  known  with  certainty;  but  he  told  both 
parties  to  respect  the  boundaries  which  had  been  estab- 
lished. 

This  concludes  the  document  presented  to  the  alcalde, 
Antonio  Jose  Ortiz,  on  July  21,  1765,  by  the  Indians  of 
San  Ildefonso. 

The  examination  ha\ing  been  completed  by  Ortiz,  he 
returned  his  report  with  the  papers,  and  the  governor, 
February  6,  1766,  referred  them  to  the  attorney  for  the 
Indians,  Don  Felipe  Tafoya. 

Argument  was  now  made  by  Tafoya  in  favor  of  the 
Indians,  whereupon.  May  5,  1766,  the  governor  rendered 
a  second  decision.  This  is  recorded  in  the  records  of  the 
county  of  Santa  Fe,  but  it  appears  that  a  portion  of  it 
is  missing,  but  the  most  important  features  are  recorded. 

The  governor  decided  that  the  land  belonged  to  the  In- 
dians of  San  Ildefonso  as  far  as  the  boundary  established 
by  Governor  Paez  Hurtado,  where  the  stones  in  the  form 
of  a  cross  were  found  buried ;  that  if  the  owners  of  the 
ranch,  including  the  lands  of  Mateo  Trujillo,  should  wish 
to  sell  it  at  any  time,  they  must  give  the  Indians  the 
preference  in  the  event  they  wanted  to  purchase ;  that 
any  sale  which  might  have  been  made  to  any  person  other 
than  the  Indians  was  null  and  void. 

Furthermore,  the  governor  ordered  the  alcalde,  Antonio 
Jose  Ortiz,  to  place  the  Indians  in  possession  of  the  bound- 
ary and  to  give  them  to  understand  that  they  could  use, 
hold,  and  enjoy  the  lands  which  had  been  usurped  by  the 
Spaniards  up  to  that  point,  which  was  to  be  marked  by  a 
firm  and  permanent  monument. 

The  next  document  is  a  petition  by  Ursula  Guillen  to 
Governor  Velez  Cachupin,  in  which  she  alleges  that  she 
had  a  ranch  between  the  pueblos  of  San  Ildefonso  and 
Santa  Clara,  which  was  bought  by  her  deceased  husband, 
Francisco  del  Castillo,  from  Don  Joseph  de  Orcasitas ;  that 
she  had  lived  on  said  ranch  in  quiet  and  peaceful  possession 


THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  411 

for  twenty-six  years;  that  she  still  holds  possession  in 
spite  of  the  fact  that  the  Ute  Indians  had  attacked  the 
ranch,  killed  two  of  her  sons,  and  driven  off  her  stock ;  that 
on  the  20th  of  that  month  (apparently  May,  1766)  the 
Indians  of  San  Ildefonso  had  gone  to  her  ranch  while  she 
was  engaged  in  planting,  and  had  told  her  that  Felipe 
Tafoya  had  sent  them  an  order  that  the  lands  of  the  ranch 
should  be  partitioned  among  them  by  their  governor ;  that 
in  \dew  of  the  fact  that  they  exhibited  no  order  from 
Governor  Yelez,  and  the  notification  was  not  brought  by 
any  Spanish  official,  she  had  not  permitted  them  to  make 
a  partition  of  the  lands  until  she  could  lay  the  matter 
before  the  Spanish  governor.  She  calls  attention  to  the 
fact  that  during  a  very  long  period  the  Indians  had  failed 
to  make  any  claim  to  the  ranch  when  it  had  been  sold  and 
had  passed  from  the  possession  of  one  owner  to  another 
and  that  at  the  time  that  her  husband  had  been  placed  in 
possession  of  it,  the  Indians  had  been  summoned  to  ap- 
pear and  that  the  boundaries  had  been  designated  by 
Domingo  Vigil.  In  conclusion  she  states  that  in  order 
that  the  governor  may  understand  the  matter  she  trans- 
mits with  her  petition  four  documents.  These  do  not 
form  a  part  of  this  archive,  and  a  subsequent  statement 
by  Governor  Yelez  shows  that  he  ordered  that  they  be 
returned  to  her. 

This  petition  was  examined  by  Governor  Velez  on  ]\Iay 
24,  1766,  and  he  ordered  that  it  and  the  four  instruments 
accompanying  it  be  transmitted  to  Felipe  Tafoya,  that, 
as  attorney  for  the  Indians,  he  might  reply  to  the  same. 

This  he  did  immediately,  calling  the  attention  of  the 
governor  to  the  fact  that  the  recitals  in  the  instruments 
referred  to  were  not  of  a  character  to  make  clear  the  num- 
ber of  varas  contained  in  the  ranch,  some  of  them  con- 
taining no  mention  even  of  the  boundaries,  or  referring  to 
the  original  grant  as  giving  that  information,  although 
the  said  grant  was  not  attached  to  the  proceedings  and 
consequently  was  not  available  for  the  purposes  of  the 

case. 

In  regard  to  one  of  the  instruments,  which  he  says  did 
mention  the  boundaries,  as  being  on  the  north  the  lands 
of  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara  and  on  the  south  the  lands 
of  his  clients,  the  people  of  San  Ildefonso,  he  says  that 
this  simply  leaves  open  the  question  as  to  the  exact  loca- 
tion of  those  boundaries  and  that  nothing  has  been  pre- 
sented in  the  case  which  militates  against  the  proof  al- 
ready adduced  by  the  Indians  in  regard  to  their  boundary 


412  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

being  at  the  point  where  the  stones  were  buried  in  the 
ground  in  the  form  of  a  cross. 

In  conclusion  he  asks  that  the  governor's  previous  de- 
cision be  carried  into  effect,  and  that  after  the  landmark 
shall  be  established  at  the  proper  point,  the  number  of 
varas  from  there  to  the  house  of  Ursula  Guillen  be  meas- 
ured, as  well  as  the  distance  from  the  house  to  the  boun- 
dary of  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara. 

On  ^lay  24,  1766,  Governor  Velez  reviewed  the  case  and 
ordered  that  his  previous  decision  be  carried  into  effect, 
commanding  the  deputy  alcalde  and  the  attorney  for  the 
Indians  to  proceed  at  once  to  place  the  Indians  in  pos- 
session of  their  ancient  boundary,  and  to  measure  from 
there  to  the  ranch  house  and  from  the  latter  to  the  bound- 
ary claimed  by  the  Santa  Clara  Indians,  and  to  set  forth 
the  whole  matter  in  a  proper  document  in  order  that  the 
claimants  of  the  ranch  might  not  thereafter  trespass  upon 
the  lands  of  the  Indians. 

On  INIay  26,  1766,  the  substitute  chief  alcalde,  Don  An- 
tonio Jose  Ortiz,  with  Felipe  Tafoya,  attorney  for  the  In- 
dians, in  the  presence  of  the  parties  interested,  and  the 
principal  Indians  of  the  pueblos  of  San  Ildefonso  and 
Santa  Clara,  proceeded  to  comply  with  the  order  of  the 
governor. 

At  the  point  where  the  stones  had  been  buried  in  the 
ground  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  a  landmark  of  stones  and 
mud  was  erected  and  from  said  landmark  a  distance  of 
200  varas  was  measured  in  a  northerly  direction  to  the 
corner  of  the  house,  and  from  said  corner  the  measure- 
ment was  continued  toward  the  north  a  further  distance 
of  126  varas  to  the  boundary  of  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara, 
making  the  total  distance  between  the  boundaries  of  the 
two  pueblos  326  varas. 

On  June  23,  1766,  Governor  Velez  ordered  that  the 
preceding  instrument  be  attached  to  the  other  papers  in 
the  case  and  that  a  certified  copy  of  his  decisions  of  April 
12,  1765,  and  May  5,  1766,  and  also  of  his  last  decree  of 
May  24,  1766,  be  given  to  the  Indians,  as  well  as  the  pro- 
ceeding immediately  following  that  decree  and  the  one 
in  which  the  order  is  given.  He  further  ordered  that  the 
original  proceeding  should  be  deposited  in  the  government 
archives. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  413 

1352  EL  CAPULIN.  Proceedings  as  to  occupation  of  by 
Miguel  Romero  and  Ms  brother,  Domingo  Romero. 
Santa  Fe,  April  11,  1765. 

This  manuscript  contains  first  a  communication  from 
Bartolome  Fernandez,  chief  alcalde  of  the  Queres  Pueblos, 
to  the  governor  and  captain-general  of  New  Mexico,  call- 
ing his  attention  to  the  fact  that  certain  citizens,  named 
Romero,  were  settling  a  place  called  El  Capulin,  near 
the  pueblo  of  Cochiti ;  that  the  said  place  was  the  sum- 
mer pasture  grounds  of  the  Cochiti  Indians  and  other 
people;  that  as  long  as  Fernandez  had  lived  in  the  king- 
dom the  place  had  never  been  settled  and  he  had  no  knowl- 
edge of  any  grant  to  cover  the  place  in  question. 

On  April  11,  1765,  Governor  Velez  commissioned  Fer- 
nandez to  visit  the  place  in  question  and  eject  the  persons 
who  were  settling  there. 

Two  days  later  Fernandez  made  report  that  he  had  in- 
formed Miguel  Romero  of  the  order  and  had  stated  that  he 
would  obey  but  he  had  certain  statements  which  he  would 
make  to  that  officer  in  regard  to  the  matter.  The  report  is 
followed  by  a  statement  from  Miguel  Romero  wherein  he 
says  that  he  had  had  the  place  for  five  years  and  six 
months  and  had  not  been  interfered  with  until  that  year, 
when  it  became  known  that  he  had  bought  those  inter- 
ests in  the  property  that  did  not  belong  to  him,  which 
had  been  paid  for  by  him  and  his  brother,  Domingo 
Romero.  He  states  that  he  presents  to  the  governor  in 
support  of  his  claim  a  grant  and  a  will  left  by  his  grand- 
father, Andres  INIontoya,  and  adds  that  the  persons  who 
are  opposing  his  occupancy  of  the  land  had  an  opportunity 
to  purchase  the  interests  which  he  had  acquired,  but  they 
waited  until  he  had  bought  them  and  then  took  advantage 
of  the  occasion  to  give  him  trouble. 

The  grant  referred  to  in  Romero's  statement  is  found 
on  leaves  5  and  6  of  the  manuscript,  and  the  will,  which 
is  a  certified  copy,  made  June  18,  1740,  is  found  on  pages 
7,  8,  and  9. 

The  grant,  which  was  made  August  18,  1789,  by  Gov- 
ernor Gaspar  Domingo  de  Mendoza,  does  not  describe  the 
boundaries  of  the  land,  but  the  applicant,  Andres  Mon- 
toya,  stated  in  his  petition  that  the  tract  was  half  way 
beween  the  gardens  of  Cochiti  and  those  of  San  Ildefonso, 
on  the  other  side  (western)  of  the  Rio  del  Norte.  In 
describing  the  boundaries  he  used  the  following  h^nguage : 
"Said  tract  is  bounded  on  the  north  side  by  said  gardens 


414  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

of  San  Ildefonso,  and  on  the  south  by  those  of  Cochiti, 
being  distant  from  each  of  the  two  mentioned  places  of 
the  gardens  more  than  a  league;  and  also  it  is  bounded 
on  the  east  by  the  Rio  del  Norte  and  on  the  west  by  the 
Cochiti  mountains. ' ' 

The  act  of  possession,  October  7,  1739,  signed  by  Cap- 
tain Antonio  Montoya,  chief  alcalde  of  Santa  Fe,  has  this 
to  say  about  the  boundaries:  "And  I  gave  it  (the  pos- 
session) to  him  with  the  same  boundaries  which  he  desig- 
nates in  his  petition,  as  also  his  boundaries  run  on  the 
east  the  Rio  del  Norte,  on  the  west  by  the  high  mountain 
which  runs  from  Cochiti,  on  the  north  one  league  farther 
down  from  the  last  trees  of  the  Indians  of  San  Ildefonso, 
and  on  the  south  one  league  farther  up  from  the  gardens 
of  the  Indians  of  Cochiti." 

In  the  margin,  on  the  act  of  possession,  is  a  note  signed 
by  Governor  Mendoza,  showing  that  the  grant  had  been 
entered  on  the  proper  book  in  the  archives. 

The  will,  heretofore  referred  to,  was  dated  June  17, 
1740,  one  day  prior  to  the  making  of  the  certified  copy, 
and  in  it  the  land  in  question  is  referred  to  on  the  third 
page  of  the  instrument.  The  testator,  in  describing  two 
tracts  of  land  which  he  owned,  refers  to  the  second  one  in 
these  words:  "And  the  other  on  the  other  side  of  the 
river  Del  Norte,  which  I  have  not  put  under  cultivation 
because  of  my  illness,  which  is  between  the  gardens  of  the 
Pueblo  of  San  Ildefonso  and  Cochiti,  the  boundaries  of 
said  tract  being  distant  from  each  garden  half  a  league." 

Miguel  Romero's  statement  transmitting  this  grant  to 
the  governor  and  the  will,  is  followed  by  an  order  of  Gov- 
ernor Velez,  April  18,  1765,  directing  that  his  previous 
order  be  carried  into  effect  and  that  the  parties  be  again 
notified  that  under  no  circumstances  should  they  have  a 
house  or  cultivated  land  on  said  tract.  However,  they 
were  permitted  to  run  their  stock  on  it,  as  did  other  cit- 
izens, but  this  was  to  be  done  without  injury  to  the  Co- 
chiti and  San  Ildefonso  Indians.  The  chief  alcalde  of 
Santa  Fe,  Don  Francisco  Guerrero,  was  directed  to  carry 
this  order  into  effect;  and  the  governor  further  directed 
that  the  grant  and  certified  copy  of  the  will  filed  in  the 
case  by  Miguel  Romero  be  attached  to  the  other  papers 
and  be  transmitted  to  the  people  of  Cochiti  and  San  Ilde- 
fonso, to  the  owners  of  lands  adjoining  the  Capulin  Tract, 
and  to  the  officers  of  the  cavalry  company  at  Santa  Fe,  in 
order  that  they  might  state  anything  favorable  to  their 
interests. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  415 

On  the  day  this  order  was  issued  (April  18,  1765,)  the 
alcalde  of  Santa  Fe,  Don  Francisco  Guerrero,  notified  the 
Romeros  of  the  contents  of  the  order  and  they  stated  that 
they  would  obey,  but  also  that  they  had  certain  matters 
in  their  defense  which  they  desired  to  lay  before  the  gov- 
ernor. 

The  next  proceeding,  in  chronological  sequence,  is  an 
argument  by  Bartolome  Fernandez,  on  behalf  of  the  In- 
dians, criticising  the  grant  filed  by  the  Romeros  and 
showing  its  defects,  as  well  as  those  of  the  will  filed,  and 
the  inconsistencies  existing  between  recitals  in  the  latter 
and  others  in  the  act  of  possession,  with  regard  to  the 
boundaries.  This  argument  is  on  leaf  10  of  the  manu- 
script, and  is  followed  by  a  note,  signed  by  Fernandez, 
transmitting  the  papers  to  the  alcalde  of  La  Caiiada 
(Villa  Nueva  de  la  Canada  de  Santa  Cruz)  for  the  latter 's 
compliance  with  the  governor's  order  of  April  18,  1765. 
The  entries  by  Fernandez  are  not  dated. 

On  July  7,  1765,  Don  Manuel  Garcia,  the  alcalde  of  La 
Canada,  reported  that  he  had  called  together  the  San  II- 
defonso  Indians  and  the  citizens  and  informed  them  of 
the  order  of  the  governor,  to  which  they  assented,  saying 
nothing  whatever. 

On  October  1,  1766,  Lieutenant  Tomas  Madrid  and  En- 
sign Francisco  de  Esquibel,  of  the  royal  garrison  of  Santa 
Fe,  reported  that  they  had  examined  the  grant  and  the 
boundaries  therein  stated,  and  had  found  out  that  said 
boundaries  did  not  include  the  commons  used  for  the 
horse-herd  of  the  garrison. 

Subsequently,  Miguel  Romero  presented  a  petition  to 
the  governor,  asking  that  the  proceedings  in  the  case  and 
the  instruments  which  he  had  presented  be  delivered  to 
him  so  that  he  might  present  his  side  of  the  controversy. 

On  April  22,  1767,  Governor  Pedro  Fermin  de  IMen- 
dinueta  ordered  his  petition  to  be  attached  to  the  pro- 
ceedings and  delivered  to  Romero  as  requested. 

Romero  then  made  a  statement  of  his  case,  alleging 
their  occupancy  of  the  land  was  not  prejudicial  to  the 
Indians  of  Cochiti,  because  it  was  more  than  31/2  leagues 
distant  from  their  pueblo  and  that  in  the  space  between 
the  two  places,  were  situated  more  than  40  Spanish  fam- 
ilies. He  says  that  these  families  do  not  in  any  way 
damage  the  Indians,  and  asks  why  it  should  be  thought 
that  he  and  his  brother  would  injure  them,  etc.  He  says 
that  so  far  as  San  Ildefonso  is  concerned,  no  damages 
result  to  that  pueblo,  which  is  distant  about  31/2  leagues. 


416  THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

He  urges  that  if  the  documents  he  had  himself  presented 
as  evidencing  his  right  to  the  place  be  considered  as  hav- 
ing no  value,  his  having  kept  his  stock  there  for  five  and 
one-half  years  is  favorable  to  his  contention,  and  he  al- 
leges great  damages  on  account  of  having  been  prevented 
making  a  settlement  at  the  place  in  question. 

On  April  25th,  Governor  Mendinueta  finally  decided  the 
ease,  saying  in  substance  that  having  examined  the  pro- 
ceedings and  in  view  of  the  nullity  of  the  grant  appearing 
on  leaves  5  and  6  thereof,  and  the  convincing  arguments 
of  the  alcalde,  Bartolome  Fernandez,  on  leaf  10,  which 
clearly  showed  that  the  possession  given  to  Andres  Mon- 
toya  was  lacking  in  the  necessary  requisite  of  the  sum- 
moning of  the  owners  of  the  adjacent  lands,  and  also  be- 
cause of  no  settlement  having  beer  made  within  the  period 
prescribed  by  law,  the  grant  having  been  made  in  1739, 
and  the  attempted  settlement  made  by  Miguel  Romero  in 
1765,  and  for  other  reasons  proper  to  consider,  declared 
the  grant  to  be  of  no  value  and  that  neither  Andres  Mon- 
toya  nor  his  heirs  had  acquired  any  right  to  the  Capulin 
Tract.  He  further  decided  that  the  fact  that  Romero  had 
pastured  his  stock  on  the  tract  gave  him  no  right  of  prop- 
erty therein,  because  it  had  been  done  without  just  title 
{jitsto  titulo)  ;  that  he  might  use  it  in  the  same  way  that 
it  had  been  used  by  the  natives  of  Cochiti  and  the  ad- 
joining citizens  —  as  royal  domain ;  that  neither  Miguel 
Romero  nor  anyone  else  should  make  settlement  on  or 
have  the  ownership  of  the  tract;  that  it  should  be  held 
and  considered  to  be  royal  domain  for  the  common  use 
of  anyone  who  desired  to  pasture  stock,  without  exclud- 
ing Romero,  who  had  been  permitted  so  to  do  by  Gov- 
ernor Tomas  Velez  Cachupin  by  his  decree  of  April  18, 
1765. 

In  conclusion  he  ordered  that  Miguel  Romero  be  noti- 
fied of  the  decision  and  warned  that  he  must  not  again 
present  petitions  in  bad  faith,  and  advised  that  no  ap- 
peal would  be  allowed. 

1353  PUEBLOS    OF    SANTO    DOMINGO    AND    SAN 
FELIPE. 

Grant.  Papers  transferred  to  packet  containing  all  pu- 
eblo claims. 

1354  PROCEEDING   IN  A   DISPUTE   between   the   In- 
dians of  Santa  Clara  and  San  Ildefonso  and  certain 


Facsimile  of  Si«natm'e  of  Captain  Don  Carlos  Fernandez. 


Faesimile  of  Signature  of  Colonel  Don  Pedro  de  Villasnr. 


kiuzyyi  ,    "^C^iy^^^ 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Captain  Don  Man- 


uel Delgado. 


Fai'simile    of    .Signature    of    Don    Domingo    de 
Labadia. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  417 

Spanish  citizens  relative  to  a  ranch  claimed  by  the 
Spaniards  lying  between  the  two  Pueblos. 

The  Indians  of  Santa  Clara  and  San  Ildefonso  presented 
a  petition  to  the  governor  of  New  Mexico,  complaining 
that  many  years  before  some  Spaniards  had  established 
a  ranch  between  the  two  pueblos  on  the  western  side  of 
the  Rio  del  Norte ;  and  had  trespassed  upon  their  lands ; 
that  complaint  had  been  made  to  the  governor's  prede- 
cessors, but  without  avail ;  that  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara 
had  never  had  its  league  measured;  that  Fr.  Sebastian 
Anton,  then  deceased,  a  former  minister  of  that  mission, 
having  found  in  the  possession  of  Juan  Pubijua,  a  Santa 
Clara  Indian,  an  old  document  which  cleared  up  the  whole 
matter,  and  the  contents  of  which  were  entirely  favorable 
to  the  Indians,  delivered  the  same  to  them ;  that  they  sent 
it  to  the  governor,  who,  after  having  examined  it,  returned 
it  to  them,  and  they  gave  it  back  to  Juan  Pubijua,  who 
was  living  away  from  the  pueblo  as  a  Spanish  citizen ; 
that,  having  then  learned  that  when  the  governor  returned 
the  paper  to  them  he  said  to  the  persons  who  brought  it 
back  that  if  the  Indians  had  any  right  or  request  to  make 
they  should  make  it  in  a  formal  manner,  they  invited  his 
attention  to  it  in  order  that  he  should  compel  the  return 
of  the  paper  to  them,  and  in  case  the  paper  should  not 
be  found,  they  asked  that  the  league  be  measured  south 
from  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Clara,  and  another  league  be 
measured  north  from  the  pueblo  of  San  Ildefonso  for  the 
purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  in  the  intervening  space 
there  was  room  for  a  Spanish  ranch.  In  conclusion  they 
asked  the  governor  to  decide  the  matter  as  he  believed  to 
be  just  and  also  to  approve  their  selection  of  Carlos  Fer- 
nandez as  their  attorney  in  the  case. 

This  petition  was  presented  to  Governor  Juan  Bautista 
de  Anza,  at  Santa  Fe,  IMay  6,  1786,  and  the  selection  of 
Fernandez  was  approved  and  directed  the  alcalde  of  La 
Caiiada,  Don  Jose  Campo  Redondo,  in  company  with 
Fernandez  and  in  the  presence  of  the  governors  and  prin- 
cipales  of  the  two  pueblos,  and  the  occupants  of  the  ranch 
in  question,  to  proceed  to  measure  with  a  waxed  cord, 
one  hundred  varas  in  length,  one  league  south  from  the 
cross  in  the  old  cemetery  at  Santa  Clara;  and  the  same 
distance  north  from  a  like  point  in  the  one  at  San  Ilde- 
fonso, placing  at  the  termination  of  the  two  lines  perma- 
nent landmarks,  which,  for  the  lack  of  stone  and  mortar, 
were  to  consist  of  inclosures  of  cedar  stakes  driven  into 


418  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

the  ground,  two  varas  in  circumference,  and  filled  in  with 
four  or  five  cart-loads  of  stone,  so  that  they  could  not 
easily  be  removed. 

In  case  any  land  remained  between  the  two  landmarks 
it  was  to  be  measured,  and  the  number  of  varas  it  con- 
tained was  to  be  stated  in  the  report  of  the  alcalde. 

On  May  10,  1786,  the  alcalde  proceeded  to  comply  with 
the  governor's  orders,  but  states  that  because  he  could 
not  find  any  wax  with  which  to  wax  the  cord  he  had  to 
moisten  it.  He  says  that  the  distance  of  5,000  varas  (one 
league)  measured  south  from  the  cross  of  the  cemetery  of 
the  old  church  in  Santa  Clara,  included  the  residence  of 
the  citizens  who  claimed  the  ranch  and  that  the  same  dis- 
tance measured  north  from  San  Ildefonso  overlapped  the 
first  measurement  39%  varas,  so  that  each  of  the  two 
leagues  w^as  19  varas  and  li/o  quarters  short.  [His  calcu- 
lation is  erroneous.] 

After  the  alcalde's  report  had  been  returned  to  the 
governor,  the  latter,  May  13,  1786,  sent  it  to  Carlos  Fer- 
nandez that  he  might  make  any  statements  which  he 
deemed  in  the  interest  of  his  clients.  Fernandez  made  an 
argument  in  favor  of  the  Indians,  stating  that  in  view  of 
the  fact  that  the  two  leagues  over-lapped,  it  was  incredible 
that  any  predecessor  of  the  governor  had  made  a  grant 
to  any  citizen  of  the  lands  belonging  to  the  two  pueblos, 
unless  the  same  had  been  based  upon  a  deceptive  and 
fraudulent  report;  that  any  sales  which  had  been  made 
did  not  avail  anything,  because,  if  the  first  vendor  had  no 
right,  neither  had  his  successors,  etc.,  etc.  He  goes  into 
the  question  of  the  character  and  extent  of  the  lands 
owned  by  the  Santa  Clara  people  and  other  matters,  all 
of  which,  in  view  of  the  final  decision  of  the  case,  do  not 
appear  to  be  of  sufficient  importance  to  be  set  forth.  In 
conclusion  he  prays  the  governor  to  eject  the  citizens 
from  the  lands  and  to  declare  the  lands  the  property  of 
the  two  pueblos. 

This  argument  was  transmitted  by  the  governor.  May 
16,  1786,  to  the  occupants  of  the  ranch,  who  made  answer, 
among  other  things  alleging  that  the  lines  had  not  been 
correctly  measured;  that  the  cord  had  not  been  waxed 
and  that  it  was  old  and  patched  up  with  a  leather  strap ; 
that  it  broke  on  two  occasions  because  of  being  drawn  too 
tight ;  that  the  measurement  made  toward  the  north  from 
San  Ildefonso  was  not  made  from  the  cross  in  the  cem- 
etery, but  along  the  lower  side  of  the  wall  of  the  garden 
of  that  pueblo;  that  their  statements  could  be  proved  by 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  419 

witnesses,  who  did  the  measuring.  They  also  referred  to 
proceedings  had  in  the  time  of  Governor  Velez,  when  Car- 
los Fernandez,  then  chief  alcalde,  made  what  they  refer 
to  as  the  first  measurement  (see  archive  1351).  They 
further  stated  that  subsequently  Don  Felipe  Tafoya.  who 
was  acting  as  attorney  for  the  Indians  of  San  Ildefonso, 
came  to  hunt  up  the  old  boundary  and  found  the  one 
which  the  Indians  said  had  been  established  by  order  of 
Governor  Juan  Paez;  that  at  that  time  the  Indians  had 
been  asked  to  produce  any  documents  they  had.  and  they 
answered  that  they  had  none,  but  were  bound  by  that 
anciently  established  landmark;  that  the  said  landmark 
as  then  established  left  the  ranch  in  question  326  varas. 
(This  statement  is  confirmed  by  the  proceedings  of  ^May 
26,  1766,  by  the  substitute  alcalde,  Don  Antonio  Jose  Or- 
tiz.)     (See  archive  1351.) 

There  are  other  matters  touched  upon  by  the  statement 
of  the  occupants  of  the  ranch,  but  they  are  of  small  con- 
sequence and  not  worth  setting  out  here. 

On  May  19,  1786,  Governor  Anza,  after  having  consid- 
ered the  allegations  and  recitals  contained  in  the  docu- 
ments, but  which  are  not  attached  to  this  archive,  ordered 
the  lines  re-measured  by  the  same  alcalde,  Don  Jose 
Campo  Redondo,  who  had  measured  them  on  the  10th  of 
the  same  month ;  in  this  second  measurement  he  ordered 
that  a  waxed  cord  be  used.  He  also  directed  that  the 
space  occupied  by  the  houses  in  San  Ildefonso  which  inter- 
fered with  running  a  line  straight  north  from  the  beginning 
point  in  that  pueblo,  should  be  carefully  measured  and 
included  in  the  distance  to  be  measured  toward  Santa 
Clara. 

On  May  22,  1786,  the  alcalde,  Campo  Redondo,  meas- 
ured, with  a  waxed  cord,  from  the  beginning  point  in  the 
pueblo  of  Santa  Clara  in  a  southerly  direction  toward 
San  Ildefonso,  and  at  the  end  of  50  cords,  equal  to  5,000 
varas  or  one  league,  discovered  that  the  measurement  was 
118  varas  short  of  the  previous  measurement,  made  ]\Iay 
10th.  In  order  to  decide  whether  this  difference  was  the 
result  of  a  mistake  in  the  last  measurement,  he  measured 
from  the  point  he  had  just  reached  back  to  the  cross  in 
the  cemetery  at  Santa  Clara,  and  found  the  distance  to  be 
50  cords  of  100  varas  each. 

On  the  following  day  he  went  to  San  Ildefonso  to 
measure  the  league  north  from  that  pueblo.  He  stated 
that  being  at  the  point  of  beginning,  it  was  not  possible 
to  measure  a  line  straight  north  without  cutting  a  hole 


420  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

through  the  wall  of  the  church ;  that  he  laid  out  an  offset 
line  in  order  to  avoid  the  church  and  other  rooms  of  the 
convent,  and  thus  measured  50  cords  toward  the  north, 
and  at  the  end  of  that  distance  was  118  varas  short  of  the 
measurement  previously  made;  that,  therefore,  between 
the  ends  of  the  two  lines  measured  respectively  from 
Santa  Clara  and  San  Ildefonso,  there  was  a  space  of  236 
varas;  that  at  the  ends  of  the  two  lines  just  mentioned, 
two  stakes  were  driven  into  the  ground  as  temporary 
marks. 

The  report  of  the  second  measurement  was  transmitted 
to  the  governor,  who.  May  26,  1786,  transmitted  it  and  the 
four  documents,  filed  by  the  ranch  claimants,  to  the  at- 
torney for  the  Indians. 

The  latter  made  a  very  long  argument  for  the  Indians, 
with  the  conclusion  that  under  the  royal  laws  of  Spain 
they  were  entitled  to  the  lands  in  dispute,  and  praying 
for  a  decision  by  the  executive  to  that  effect. 

On  ]\Iay  30,  1786,  the  governor  sent  all  of  the  proceed- 
ings to  the  claimants  of  the  ranch  and  they  made  another 
statement  in  regard  to  the  matter,  alleging  that  they  had 
been  injured  in  the  second  measurement  by  the  cord  be- 
ing three-fourths  of  a  vara  too  long,  it  having  been  made 
so  by  the  attorney  for  the  Indians,  who  took  it  away  from 
the  men  who  were  doing  the  measuring  and  lengthened  it ; 
that  when  ]\Iiguel  Quintana  protested  against  this  to  the 
alcalde,  the  latter  refused  to  allow  him  to  make  any  state- 
ment about  it ;  that  this  could  be  proven  by  Quintana  and 
the  witnesses  from  whom  the  cord  was  taken  in  order  to 
be  altered  in  length,  etc. 

On  June  3,  1786,  the  governor  sent  the  papers  to  the 
alcalde,  Jose  Campo  Redondo,  telling  him  to  report  in  re- 
gard to  the  alleged  treatment  of  Quintana,  and  to  return 
the  papers  with  the  witnesses  referred  to  by  the  com- 
plainants. 

The  alcalde  complied  with  this  order  June  6th,  saying 
that  the  allegation  in  regard  to  the  measurement  of  the 
cord  was  false,  and  that  he  had  not  failed  to  treat  both 
Quintana  and  all  the  other  parties  with  justice.  In  con- 
clusion he  stated  that  he  was  sending  it  to  the  governor 
with  the  witnesses  requested. 

On  June  8th,  the  governor  ordered  Second  Lieutenant 
Jose  Maldonado  to  take  the  depositions  of  the  tv/o  wit- 
nesses, Juan  Ignacio  Mestas  and  Cristobal  Maese.  This 
was  done  at  once  and  the  depositions  taken  fail  to  support 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  421 

the  statements  made  by  the  occupants  of  the  ranch,  but 
corroborated  each  other  and  that  of  the  alcalde. 

On  June  10,  1786,  Governor  Anza  decided  the  case,  re- 
viewing the  important  features.  His  decision  was  that 
the  two  pueblos  were  the  owners  of  the  lands  included 
within  the  leagues  measured  to  them  by  the  alcalde,  Jose 
Campo  Redondo,  on  May  23,  1786,  which  was  the  date  of 
the  second  measurement ;  that  they  were  immediately  to 
proceed  to  erect  landmarks  at  the  proper  points,  in  com- 
pliance with  his  first  decree ;  that  Marcos  Lucero  and  the 
other  occupants  of  the  lands  in  dispute  between  the  two 
pueblos,  were  to  be  limited,  until  some  other  decision  of 
the  case,  to  the  236  varas  that  had  been  shortly  before 
measured;  that  if  they  desired  to  sell  the  land  they  must 
sell  it  to  the  Indians  of  San  Ildefonso  if  they  wished  to 
purchase;  but  they  must  not  keep  on  the  land  more  than 
four  milch  cows  and  the  oxen  necessary  for  tilling  during 
the  season  for  cultivation;  that  if  they  \aolated  this  or- 
der or  moved  the  Indians'  landmarks  they  would  be  sub- 
ject to  a  fine  of  100  pesos;  that  the  chief  alcalde,  Jose 
Campo  Redondo,  in  company  with  the  attorney  for  the 
Indians,  was  to  place  all  the  parties  in  possession  of  the 
lands  respectively  belonging  to  each;  and  that  the  Span- 
iards were  to  pay  all  the  costs  of  the  proceedings  and  the 
survey. 

On  June  19,  1786,  the  alcalde  proceeded  to  carry  into 
effect  the  governor's  order,  Carlos  Fernandez  not  being 
able  to  be  present  because  of  illness  and  his  place  being 
taken  by  Don  Juan  Ignacio  Mestas. 

At  the  points  where  the  temporary  marks  had  been  set 
up,  the  alcalde  set  into  the  ground  heavy  cedar  posts  in 
the  form  of  a  square,  two  varas  in  length,  and  filled  these 
with  about  three  cart-loads  of  stone  in  each;  also  at  the 
request  of  the  Indians  they  were  permitted  to  build  a 
wall  of  stone  and  mud  about  a  vara  in  height  as  a  bound- 
ary line  for  the  Spanish  ranch,  and  the  space  occupied  by 
the  monuments  was  on  the  land  of  the  Indians.  The 
manuscript  concludes  with  an  entry  by  the  alcalde  sending 
the  proceedings  to  the  governor. 

1355  LETTER  from  Felipe  Sandoval,  dated  August  28, 
1812,  to  Lieutenant-Colonel  Joseph  Manrique,  then 
Acting  Governor  of  New  Mexico. 

Sandoval  states  that  the  governor  of  the  pueblo  of  Jemez, 
and  his  lieutenant-governor,  had  appeared  before  him  in 


422  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

the  name  of  the  pueblo  and  had  complained  that  while 
Don  Antonio  Armenta  was  the  alcalde  of  that  district  he 
had  purchased  a  corn-field  from  an  Indian  of  the  pueblo, 
named  Cumpa;  that  this  had  been  done  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  people  of  the  pueblo,  and  that  they  did 
not  approve  of  it,  but  were  willing  to  give  an  equivalent 
and  have  it  remain  for  the  benefit  of  the  pueblo ;  that  they 
wanted  Armenta  to  be  compelled  to  compensate  them  for 
all  the  pieces  of  land  he  had  sold  to  various  persons,  be- 
cause the  lands  belonged  to  the  league  which  they  held  by 
grant,  which  league  they  wanted  to  have  measured  and 
marked  by  monuments;  that  they  considered  that  they 
had  been  injured  to  the  extent  of  a  very  considerable  part 
of  their  land. 

Sandoval  requests  the  governor  to  give  him  orders  as  to 
steps  he  should  take  to  undo  the  wrong  which  had  been 
inflicted  on  the  Indians,  whose  claim  he  considered  just. 

There  is  a  marginal  note,  September  1,  1812,  signed  by 
the  governor,  directing  that  the  communication  be  trans- 
mitted to  the  lawyer,  Don  Rafael  Bracho,  in  order  that 
he  give  his  opinion,  and  sending  to  him  also  a  document 
(deed?)  in  favor  of  the  defendant,  Don  Antonio  Armenta, 

There  are  no  further  proceedings. 

1356  PROCEEDINGS  in  a  dispute  between  the  Indians 

of  Santa  Ana  and  those  of  San  Felipe  in  regard  to 

certain  lands  claimed  by  both  Pueblos. 

The  manuscript  begins  with  a  petition  by  Eusebio  Mairo, 
the  governor  of  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Ana,  to  the  protector 
of  the  Indians,  Don  Felipe  Sandoval,  asking  him  to  secure 
for  them  the  decision  of  a  dispute  between  them  and  the 
Indians  of  San  Felipe,  relative  to  certain  lands  which  they 
alleged  they  owned  by  purchase,  but  which  the  San  Felipe 
Indians  have  taken  from  them  and  sold  to  different  per- 
sons. They  say  that  they  complained  about  this  matter 
five  years  before,  to  the  governor,  but  had  received  no 
decision ;  that,  in  the  meantime  the  San  Felipe  people  not 
only  had  been  selling  the  lands,  but  had  been  destroying 
the  timber ;  that  they  had  protested  to  the  San  Felipe  peo- 
ple against  the  cutting  of  the  timber  until  it  should  be 
decided  to  whom  it  belonged,  but  no  attention  had  been 
paid  to  their  protests ;  if  there  should  be  much  more  delay 
in  the  matter  all  of  the  timber  would  be  destroyed  before 
a  decision  could  be  had. 

This  petition,  dated  May  5,  1813,  was  transmitted  by 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  423 

Sandoval  to  the  acting  governor,  Don  Joseph  Manrique,  on 
May  10,  1813,  and  on  the  same  day  he  directed  Don  Jose 
Pino,  one  of  the  alcaldes  of  Alburquerque,  to  investigate 
and  settle  the  dispute,  summoning  for  that  purpose  the 
alcaldes  of  Alameda  and  Jemez,  and  requiring  the  Indians 
of  both  pueblos  to  present  such  documents  as  they  had  in 
support  of  their  claims  respectively. 

In  a  proceeding,  dated  May  13,  1813,  Pino,  after  copy- 
ing a  letter  of  transmittal  which  he  had  received  from 
Governor  ]\Ianrique,  states  that  he  had  notified  the  alcaldes 
and  the  representatives  of  the  pueblos  to  assemble  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  disputed  lands  on  the  day  mentioned, 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Rio  del  Norte;  they  did  so  and 
showed  him  their  documents. 

He  says  that  the  document  of  Santa  Ana  described  its 
boundaries  as  follows:  "That  on  the  north  side  it  is 
bounded  as  far  as  the  outlet  of  the  Angostura,  where  there 
is  a  trunk  of  a  tree  which  the  Indians  cut  down;  on  the 
east  by  the  Rio  del  Norte ;  on  the  south  by  the  junction  of 
the  two  rivers ;  on  the  west  by  lands  of  the  Pueblo  itself. ' ' 

He  further  says  that  the  San  Felipe  document  describes 
the  boundaries  thus :  ' '  On  the  east  the  Rio  del  Norte ;  on 
the  west  by  the  Cuervdllo ;  on  the  north  the  boundary  of 
said  Pueblo;  on  the  south  by  lands  of  the  Pueblo  of  the 
Indians  of  Santa  Ana." 

After  the  alcalde  had  read  to  them  these  papers,  the 
Santa  Ana  Indians  wanted  their  boundary  at  the  trunk  of 
the  tree  mentioned  in  their  documents,  but  the  alcalde 
says  that  the  trunk  was  not  in  existence  and  no  one  present 
could  give  any  information  about  it,  so  he  was  governed 
by  the  first  boundary — "the  outlet  of  the  Angostura," 
where  a  landmark  of  stone  was  placed,  both  pueblos  and 
the  alcaldes  being  satisfied  with  it. 

The  headmen  {pnncipales)  of  the  pueblos  stated  that 
they  had  no  objections  to  make,  but  they  did  want  to  have 
the  boundaries  on  the  other  side  of  the  river  settled. 
Consequently,  May  14,  1813,  at  the  request  of  the  Indians 
of  Santa  Ana,  who  had  informed  Pino  that  the  principal 
object  of  their  complaint  was  to  settle  the  boundary  on 
the  east  side  of  the  river,  he  went  there  and  examined 
what  he  describes  as  a  "pocket  of  old  land"  which  had 
been  formed  by  the  river  at  the  time  of  a  freshet,  although 
he  could  not  learn  at  what  date  it  had  occurred. 

He  goes  on  to  say  that  as  the  papers  gave  no  information 
about  the  boundary  except  that  it  was  the  edge  of  the 
river,  without  explaining  whether  it  ran  to  the  Angostura 


424  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

from  the  west  or  the  east,  he  saw  no  way  out  of  the  mat- 
ter except  to  compromise  it  by  a  sort  of  rough  estimate; 
that  after  he  had  made  this,  they  all  said  they  were  sat- 
isfied ;  that  in  accordance  with  this  compromise  line  which 
he  established  there  were  some  pieces  of  broken  land  that 
fell  to  the  share  of  the  Santa  Anas,  which  were  held  by 
various  citizens  of  Angostura  by  purchase  from  individual 
Indians  of  the  pueblo  of  San  Felipe ;  that  in  view  of  this 
fact  Pino  suggested  to  Don  Cleto  Miera  y  Pacheco  (at 
that  time  possibly  chief  alcalde  of  Alameda)  that  if  any 
of  the  purchasers  should  demand  the  return  of  the  money 
they  paid  to  the  vendors,  the  latter,  if  they  had  the  means, 
ought  to  pay  it  back,  as  Pino  considered  the  purchases 
made  by  the  citizens  had  not  been  made  in  good  faith, 
because  having  bought  only  pieces  of  tillable  land  (with- 
out any  other  right)  they  had  availed  themselves  of  the 
use  of  the  wooded  and  pasture  lands,  like  owners  thereof, 
to  the  injury  of  both  pueblos. 

Having  this  view  of  the  subject,  Pino  submits  to  the 
governor's  decision.  He  further  states  that  the  dividing 
line  he  had  selected  was  the  Santa  Ana  ditch  which  was  to 
the  west,  toward  the  river,  the  other  ditch  going  along  the 
hills  to  the  east ;  that  the  ditch  divided  the  land  in  dispute 
into  two  parts,  the  western  part  for  the  people  of  Santa 
Ana  and  the  eastern  for  those  of  San  Felipe;  that  the 
ditch  did  not  run  in  a  straight  line  from  north  to  south 
but  made  some  curves ;  that  these  fell  to  the  share  of  one 
or  the  other  of  the  two  parties  according  to  their  respective 
sides  of  the  ditch ;  that  in  some  of  those  which  fell  to  the 
share  of  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Ana  there  were  some  strips 
of  land  planted  in  wheat,  and  that  he  informed  the  In- 
dians of  Santa  Ana  that  they  must  not  take  possession  of 
those  strips  until  after  the  wheat  was  harvested,  but  they 
could  take  the  other  pieces;  that  both  pueblos  were  sat- 
isfied with  this  arrangement  and  settlement  of  the  bound- 
ary. 

On  JMay  21,  1813,  the  governor  and  lieutenant-governor 
of  San  Felipe  petitioned  Felipe  Sandoval,  the  protector 
of  the  Indians,  to  present  to  the  governor  of  New  Mexico, 
a  statement  of  the  injury  they  had  received  by  the  settle- 
ment of  the  boundary  question  by  the  judge  (Jose  Pino), 
who  had  been  appointed  to  act  in  the  matter  by  the  act- 
ing governor,  the  latter  having  taken  cognizance  of  it  on 
the  petition  of  the  Indians  of  Santa  Ana.  They  state  that 
the  damage  done  to  them  was  in  connection  with  lands 
which  their  ancestors  had  purchased  from  the  heirs  of 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  425 

Cristobal  Baca,  deceased;  that  said  lands  were  at  Angos- 
tura ;  that  the  damage  done  them  consisted  in  taking  from 
them  lands  which  they  considered  to  be  theirs,  including 
both  lands  they  had  been  cultivating  and  others  which 
they  had  sold  by  the  consent  of  their  superiors,  and  with- 
out opposition  on  the  part  of  the  Santa  Ana  people ;  that 
the  boundary  had  been  established  at  the  Bernalillo  dam, 
some  500  or  more  varas  above  the  real  Santa  Ana  bound- 
ary. 

In  conclusion  they  request  Sandoval  to  go  to  the  tract 
in  question  and  inform  himself  as  to  the  facts  before 
presenting  the  inatter  to  the  governor. 

On  May  29,  1813,  Sandoval  appended  to  the  foregoing 
petition  a  statement  to  the  effect  that  he  had  gone  to  the 
Angostura  and  carefully  informed  himself  about  the  mat- 
ter, and  was  convinced  that  the  complaint  made  was  a 
just  one ;  consequently  he  transmitted  the  petition  to  the 
acting  governor,  requesting  him  to  order  that  the  Santa 
Ana  documents  be  produced  in  order  that  each  party 
might  have  given  to  him  that  which  belonged  to  him  in 
accordance  with  the  citation  of  the  boundary  of  the  An- 
gostura in  a  straight  line. 

Under  date  of  June  3,  1813,  Acting  Governor  Joseph 
I\Ianrique  appended  to  the  petition  a  marginal  note,  di- 
recting Don  Jose  Maria  de  Arze,  first  ensign  of  the  company 
stationed  at  Santa  Fe,  to  investigate  and  report  upon  the 
matter. 

On  June  5,  1813,  Arze,  after  having  appointed  two  at- 
tending witnesses,  and  in  the  presence  of  the  alcaldes  of 
Alameda  and  Jemez,  and  the  protector  of  the  Indians,  etc., 
read  over  the  proceedings  which  had  been  conducted  by 
Jose  Pino,  and  asked  the  parties  to  the  dispute  if  they  had 
any  objections  to  make  thereto. 

The  protector  of  the  Indians,  Felipe  Sandoval,  then 
stated,  on  behalf  of  the  San  Felipe  people,  that  they  ob- 
jected to  everything  appearing  in  said  proceedings  on  the 
second  page  of  the  second  leaf ;  that  what  they  wanted  was 
that  the  boundary  be  given  to  them  straight  from  north 
to  south,  because  of  the  irregularities  occurring  in  the 
ditch  and  river,  and  that  the  matter  be  settled  according 
to  the  recitals  in  the  documents. 

The  Santa  Ana  people  said  that  as  they  had  not  been 
injured  by  what  had  been  done,  it  might  be  given  to  them 
in  the  way  suggested,  if  it  belonged  to  them,  but  in  case 
of  any  damage  being  done  to  them,  they  would  demand 


426  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

that  the  documents  be  examined  and  that  each  party 
should  have  what  was  his. 

Arze  says  that  when  he  asked  the  San  Felipe  people  for 
their  documents,  they  failed  to  produce  any  one  that  fully 
set  forth  the  boundaries ;  for  the  reason  that  they  had 
none ;  but  they  did  exhibit  to  him  a  certified  copy  of  some 
proceedings  had  by  the  chief  alcalde  of  the  pueblos  of 
Santo  Domingo,  Cochiti,  and  San  Felipe  (based  on  a  grant 
by  Governor  Don  Tomas  Velez  Cachupin)  in  which  the 
following  occurs:  "Immediately  adjoining  the  Pueblo  of 
San  Felipe ;  and  on  the  other  side  they  are  bounded  by  the 
ranch  and  lands  of  Cristobal  Martin ; ' '  that  upon  examin- 
ing the  lands  it  turned  out  that  the  San  Felipes  wpre 
trespassing  on  lands  which  the  Santa  Anas  had  bought 
from  the  heirs  of  Cristobal  Martin,  as  appeared  by  a  certi- 
fied copy  (which  the  Santa  Anas  exhibited  to  him)  which 
stated  that  the  original  documents  were  in  the  govern- 
ment archive;  that  having  established  substantial  monu- 
ments of  stone  and  mud,  it  was  acknowledged  by  both 
pueblos  that  they  were  satisfied  with  them.  These  monu- 
ments formed  a  southern  boundary  for  the  San  Felipes 
and  a  northern  boundary  for  the  Santa  Anas,  while  a 
thick  Cottonwood  tree  which  was  asked  for  as  a  boundary 
mark  by  the  San  Felipes,  notwithstanding  it  was  on  lands 
belonging  to  the  Santa  Anas,  was  denied  them  because 
their  request  was  unjust. 

On  June  6,  1813,  Arze  proceeded  to  examine  into  the 
matter  of  the  establishment  of  the  Santa  Ana  ditch  as  a 
boundary  line  between  the  two  contending  parties,  which 
line,  it  w^ill  be  remembered,  was  established  by  Jose  Pino 
May  14,  1813.  He  says  that  having  asked  for  the  docu- 
ments of  both  pueblos,  and  it  being  clear  from  the  San 
Felipe  document  that  the  selection  of  the  Santa  Ana  ditch 
as  a  boundary  line  resulted  prejudicially  to  one  of  the 
parties  at  some  points,  and  to  the  other  at  other  points, 
he  took  from  among  the  papers  of  the  Santa  Anas  a  docu- 
ment drawn  up  by  the  chief  alcalde  of  the  Queres  pueblos, 
Don  Nerio  Antonio  Montoya,  relating  to  a  compromise  be- 
tween the  headmen  of  Santa  Ana  and  San  Felipe  as  to  the 
lands  which  the  river  had  taken  away  from  them.  From 
this  document  it  appeared  that  one-half  of  the  space  for- 
merly occupied  by  the  river  had  been  partitioned  to  each 
pueblo,  the  western  side  to  Santa  Ana  and  the  eastern  to 
San  Felipe,  which  arrangement  had  been  satisfactory  to 
both  towns. 

Arze  then  made  a  reconnoissance  of  the  land  in  question. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  427 

searching  for  the  landmarks  of  stone  which  the  above  men- 
tioned document  stated  had  been  ordered  to  be  set  in  the 
ground  from  the  point  where  the  river  had  begun  to 
change  its  course  to  the  point  where  it  had  returned  to  its 
bed,  but  he  found  only  one  such  landmark.  He  then  made 
an  examination  of  the  old  river  bed  close  to  the  hills  on 
the  east,  estimating  about  where  its  center  was,  and  fol- 
lowing its  windings,  and  then  having  read  to  the  Indians 
the  account  of  the  establishment  of  the  boundary  along 
the  center  of  the  old  river  bed  by  Don  Nerio  Antonio 
jMontoya,  he  asked  them  if  they  would  be  satisfied  wnth 
the  reestablishment  of  the  line  described.  They  replied 
that  they  would,  and  that  they  wanted  it  done  in  the  same 
way  in  w^hich  it  had  formerly  been  done. 

Thereupon  Arze  proceeded  to  lay  out  a  curved  line 
along  what  he  calculated  to  be  the  center  of  the  land 
which  had  formerly  been  occupied  by  the  river,  marking 
it  with  a  great  number  of  landmarks  of  stone  and  mud, 
set  into  the  ground  and  plainly  visible.  He  instructed 
the  Indians  to  inspect  these  monuments  frequently,  to 
make  all  their  people  acquainted  with  them,  and  if  any  of 
them  should  be  destroyed  by  the  river  or  carried  away  by 
any  persons,  they  must  immediately  rebuild  them,  his  ob- 
ject being  to  secure  the  perpetuation  of  the  line  as  he  had 
fixed  it  without  regard  to  future  changes  in  the  course  of 
the  river. 

Arze  then  had  the  document  above  referred  to  properly 
certified,  signing  it  wdth  the  attending  witnesses,  the  al- 
caldes, and  the  protector  of  the  Indians,  and  he  also  made 
a  copy  of  it  for  the  San  Felipes  to  keep  in  their  possession 
for  their  own  protection. 

After  ha\dng  reduced  to  writing  his  report  of  the  pro- 
ceedings, he  inquired  of  all  those  present  whether  they 
were  satisfied  with  what  he  had  done,  and  said  that  if 
any  one  of  them  had  any  objection  whatever  to  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  case  had  been  settled  that  he  must  speak 
out  and  state  his  views.  However,  they  all  said  that  they 
were  satisfied,  and  had  no  opposition  to  offer,  nor  would 
they  again  raise  the  question ;  it  being  understood  that  if 
it  was  again  brought  up,  no  attention  would  be  paid  to 
them  and  they  were  to  be  bound  by  the  proceedings  just 
had  in  the  case. 

Arze  says  that  as  the  boundary  which  he  had  estal^lished 
between  the  Santa  Anas  on  the  west  and  the  San  Felipes 
on  the  east  ran  through  some  pieces  of  land  which  the 
former  had  planted  as  a  result  of  th.e  partition  made  by 


428  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Jose  Pino,  and  which  pieces  by  the  later  adjustment  of  the 
boundaries  fell  to  the  share  of  the  San  Felipes,  and  also 
as  the  latter  had  sold  to  some  citizens  other  pieces  of  land, 
some  by  permission  of  the  government  and  others  without, 
which  pieces  by  the  said  adjustment  now  belonged  to  the 
Santa  Anas,  he  directed  them  respectively  not  to  take  pos- 
session of  such  lands  until  after  the  crops  should  be  gath- 
ered; and  he  also  told  them  that  they  must  reimburse  the 
citizens  who  had  bought  lands  of  them  and  wh^  were  now 
losing  them,  either  by  giving  them  other  lands  or  by  pay- 
ing back  to  them  the  sums  they  had  given  for  them,  and 
that  they  should  make  deeds  for  the  lands  for  the  protec- 
tion of  their  owners,  said  deeds  to  be  approved  by  the 
government. 

On  June  7,  1813,  Arze  reported  his  action  to  the  acting 
governor,  saying  that  what  had  been  done  by  Jose  Pino  in 
regard  to  the  lands  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  ought 
to  be  approved,  but  what  Pino  had  done  on  the  east  side 
should  be  annulled  and  the  l)oundary  fixed  by  Arze  on  that 
side  should  receive  his  approval. 

On  June  18,  1813,  IManrique  approved  the  proceedings 
and  ordered  that  they  be  filed  in  the  archives. 

1357  PROCEEDINGS  in  a  dispute  between  the  Indians  of 
Taos  and  some  Spanish  citizens  who  were  occupying 
lands  within  the  boundaries  of  the  grant  claimed  by 
the  Indians. 

This  manuscript  begins  with  a  petition  by  Jose  Francisco 
Lujan,  governor  of  the  pueblo  of  Taos,  to  the  chief  alcalde 
Don  Jose  Miguel  Tafoya,  in  which  the  Indian  governor 
states  that  whereas  the  king  had  given  to  them  "a  league 
of  land  in  the  four  directions,"  they  wanted  the  alcalde 
to  deliver  it  to  them,  in  order  that  their  families  might 
spread  out  over  the  planting  lands  and  have  ample  pastur- 
age for  their  animals ;  and  that  knowing  that  the  citizens 
who  had  usurped  their  lands  would  make  damaging  alle- 
gations against  them  and  that  the  Indians  would  not  know 
how  to  properly  set  forth  their  rights  in  the  premises,  they 
had  requested  Fr.  Benito  Pereyro  to  represent  them. 
The  petition  ends  with  a  prayer  for  justice. 
Following  the  petition  is  a  statement  by  the  alcalde, 
April  11,  1815,  in  which  he  expresses  the  opinion  that  the 
Indians  should  apply  for  relief  to  the  governor  of  tlie 
Province,  because  the  owners  of  the  ranches  inside  the 
Indian  league  would  make  so  great  opposition  to  the  grant- 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  429 

ing  of  their  petition  that  the  matter  could  not  be  settled 
except  by  an  order  of  the  governor. 

On  April  18,  1815,  Governor  Alberto  Maynez  issued  the 
following  decree : 

"The  league  of  five  thousand  varas  measured  from  the 
cross  in  the  cemetery  in  all  directions,  of  which  His  Ma- 
jesty made  grant  to  each  town  of  Indians  from  the  be- 
ginning of  its  establishment,  is  in  order  that  it  be  con- 
served for  the  maintenance  of  its  natives;  so  that  they 
have  the  use  and  can  not  give  nor  sell  without  permission 
of  the  King;  because  of  its  being  a  patrimony  or  entailed 
estate,  so  that  no  judge  or  governor  has  the  power  to  sell 
a  part  or  the  whole  of  said  league. 

"If  it  should  result  that  for  many  years  past  or  in  any 
manner  whatever  citizens  may  have  intruded  to  plant  and 
build  on  the  Indians'  land,  they  ought  to  lose  the  work 
done,  leaving  their  ground  free  to  them ;  but  as  from  this 
grave  injuries  might  result  to  the  citizens,  the  chief  al- 
calde of  Taos  will  temper  equity  with  justice  so  far  as 
possible,  hearing  the  parties  and  adjusting  their  differ- 
ences in  such  manner  that  the  natives  shall  not  be  left  in- 
jured in  the  compromise  which  they  may  make ;  and  Don 
Felipe  Sandoval,  the  Protector  of  the  Indians,  will  set 
forth  after  this  decree  whatever  may  occur  to  him  in  re- 
gard to  the  present  petition." 

On  the  same  day  Felipe  Sandoval,  speaking  on  behalf  of 
the  Indians,  suggested  that  the  matter  might  be  settled  by 
a  compromise,  the  citizens  being  given  to  undei-stand  that 
the  tract  belonged  to  the  Indians'  league  and  that  those 
who  had  made  purchases  within  the  tract  had  no  right  to 
lands  of  the  pueblo. 

Following  the  suggestion  of  Sandoval  is  a  note  by  Gov- 
ernor Maynez,  to  the  effect  that  if  the  planting  permitted 
to  the  citizens  in  the  Arroyo  Hondo  marsh  should  ])e  pre- 
judicial to  the  Indians,  the  citizens  should  not  be  allowed 
to  plant;  and  the  alcalde  was  directed  to  determine  that 
matter  as  might  be  most  just  and  proper. 

May  3,  1813,  Pedro  Martin,  who  apparently  was  the 
alcalde  of  Taos,  reported  to  Governor  IMaynez  what  he 
had  done  in  the  matter  under  consideration.  He  says  that 
he  measured  the  league  with  an  ordinary  vara,  and  as  a 
result  of  the  measurement  the  citizens  were  deprived  of  a 
tract  of  land  one  thousand  seven  hundred  varas  wide, 
from  east  to  west,  and  three  thousand  nine  hundred  and 
fifty  varas,  from  north  to  south  ;  that  all  this  land  had 
been  improved  by  the  citizens,  and  that  included  in  it 


430  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

there  were  three  villages  with  about  190  families,  and  also 
a  church,  which  the  citizens  had  built. 

The  alcalde  also  states  that  the  citizens  had  represented 
to  him  that  when  the  Cumanehes  were  on  the  war-path,  the 
Indians  of  Taos  gathered  the  citizens  together  and  treated 
them  with  great  kindness,  in  order  to  have  their  assistance 
against  the  warlike  Cumanehes;  that  in  addition  to  this, 
by  a  decree  dated  May  1,  1793,  Governor  Fernando  de  la 
Concha  ordered  that  the  league  be  measured,  and  the  cit- 
izens representing  the  grants  included  within  the  league 
agreed  that  the  boundaries  should  remain  at  the  customary 
places  wdth  the  obligation  of  the  pastures  being  common. 

Also  the  alcalde  says  that  he  proposed  to  the  Indians 
that  they  should  allow  the  Spaniards  to  retain  their  houses 
and  ranches,  and  in  consideration  of  that  the  Spaniards 
should  give  them  cattle  and  horses  to  the  number  of  forty- 
tive;  that  the  Indian  governor  and  his  interpreter  agreed 
to  it,  but  when  they  laid  the  matter  before  the  Indians,  the 
latter  not  only  refused  the  proposition,  but  abused  them ; 
that  if  the  Spanish  governor  should  decide  that  the  citizens 
were  to  lose  their  ranches  which  they  had  bought  in  good 
faith,  it  was  the  alcalde's  opinion  that  the  Indians  should 
lose  what  they  had  bought  to  the  prejudice  of  the  heirs  of 
Sebastian  Martin ;  that  these  Martin  lands  would  provide 
a  place  for  the  Spaniards  where  they  could  be  given  other 
lands  equivalent  to  what  they  were  losing. 

In  conclusion  he  says  that  the  settlement  of  the  Arroyo 
Hondo  would  not  injure  either  the  Indians  or  the  Span- 
iards, because  it  was  more  than  10,000  varas  distant  from 
the  league. 

On  May  6,  1815,  Governor  Maynez  issued  the  following 
decree : 

"By  no  means  do  I  wish  any  wrong  to  the  Indians  of 
Taos  or  to  the  citizens.  My  foregoing  decree  of  the  fif- 
teenth of  last  April  can  not  be  changed,  because  it  is  just 
and  well  founded;  it  is  sufficiently  ample  for  the  alcalde 
and  the  Rev.  Father  Missionary  to  average  things  so  as 
to  leave  them  by  compromise  in  permanent  peace;  and 
the  Arroyo  Hondo  will  be  settled  by  farmers,  if  it  can  be 
done  without  prejudice  to  third  parties." 

On  May  20,  1815,  the  alcalde,  Pedro  IMartin,  and  the 
missionary  priest,  Fr.  Benito  Pereyro,  made  report  to  the 
governor  of  what  they  had  done  in  trying  to  bring  about 
a  compromise  between  the  Spaniards  and  the  Indians  and 
also  made  certain  recommendations  in  the  matter.  They 
say  that  they  urged  the  Spaniards  to  give  the  Indians  fifty 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  431 

horses  and  cattle  in  consideration  of  the  landmarks  being 
left  at  their  customary  places;  that  the  Indiai:s  rejected 
this  proposal  and  demanded  their  league,  etc. 

They  then  state  that  in  their  opinion  the  league  might 
be  given  to  the  Indians,  but  the  latter  ought  to  pay  for 
the  Spanish  improvements  and  give  to  them  the  lands 
which  the  Indians  had  purchased  in  the  tract  which  for- 
merly belonged  to  Captain  Sebastian  Martin ;  that  the 
Indians  have  the  best  land  in  the  Province,  but  do  not 
cultivate  it  at  all,  and  rent  portions  of  it  to  the  Spaniards ; 
that  the  latter,  being  the  conquering  nation,  ought  to  have 
those  lands  which  the  Indians  do  not  improve  or  cultivate, 
and  also  the  Sebastian  IMartin  tract. 

In  conclusion  they  say  that  they  would  have  decided 
the  case,  had  it  not  been  that  the  Indians  requested  that 
the  governor  should  determine  its  merits;  therefore  they 
transmit  the  papers  with  the  statement  made  by  the  at- 
torney for  the  Spaniards. 

This  statement.  May  15,  1815,  is  directed  to  the  alcalde 
and  is  signed  by  Jose  Romero,  who  states  that  he  has  been 
appointed  the  defender  of  the  citizens.  He  says  that  the 
damage  done  to  the  citizens  applies  to  forty-four  tracts  of 
land  and  two  villages  containing  about  200  families  with 
a  church  built  by  the  Spaniards ;  that  the  surrender  of  this 
property  would  be  an  annulment  of  the  grants  made  to 
their  forefathers  in  the  name  of  the  king;  that  they  can 
exhibit  documents  and  deeds  showing  that  they  had  pur- 
chased the  lands,  and  that  furthermore,  the  Indians  not 
only  permitted  the  making  of  the  grants,  but  kindly 
treated  the  Spaniards  in  order  to  get  their  assistance  in 
defending  the  pueblo  against  the  savage  Cumanches. 
These  are  not  the  only  arguments  used  by  Romero,  but 
are  probably  the  most  important.  He  intimates  that  if 
the  Spaniards  should  be  deprived  of  their  property  they 
will  be  placed  in  a  position  of  so  hopeless  character  that 
they  may  be  driven  to  some  act  of  desperation.  This  lan- 
guage e\idently  accounts  for  one  of  the  statements  in  the 
governor's  final  decree,  which  bears  date  May  22,  1815, 
and  is  as  follows : 

"My  foregoing  decrees  of  the  15th  of  April  and  6th  ot 
May  cannot  be  better  founded  in  principles  of  right  and 
justice,  nor  more  expressive  to  the  end  of  inclining  the 
parties  to  compromise  and  tranquility ;  and  if  the  alcalde, 
the  parish  minister  and  Don  Jose  Romero  find  means  of 
placing  them  in  permanent  peace  without  claims  by  either 
party,  I  give  to  them  all  of  my  authority  for  the  purpose 


432  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

of  mediation  and  compromise,  for  it  is  my  intention  that 
there  be  no  more  writing  and  that  it  all  be  remedied  by 
verbal  decisions,  if  it  should  be  possible. 

' '  When  matters  are  conducted  by  legal  steps,  and  with- 
out violence,  there  are  no  results  to  be  feared,  and  to  pro- 
claim them  is  the  same  as  to  speak  with  little  respect  for 
the  lawful  authorities.  It  is  a  matter  which  if  it  is  not 
cut  short  by  a  verbal  decision,  I  shall  take  special  care  to 
settle  it  without  any  order  from  the  General  Commandant 
or  from  the  Royal  Audiencia,  to  whom,  because  of  its 
gravity,  its  decision  belongs.  This  occasion  I  should  not 
wish  to  arise,  considering  the  distance  and  the  expense  to 
the  parties,  and  I  shall  appreciate  it  if  the  parties  make  a 
compromise  for  the  good  and  tranquility  of  all,  to  which 
I  shall  contribute  in  the  eases  in  which  the  Indians  of 
Taos  apply  to  me.  But  it  being  laid  down  as  a  principle 
that  their  rights  to  the  league  which  His  IMajesty  granted 
to  them  are  incontestable,  it  is  to  the  interest  of  the  citi- 
zens to  placate  them,  because  if  an  ordinary  trial  be  had 
it  appears  that  the  right  is  on  the  side  of  the  Indians." 

This  archive  has  been  used  in  the  courts  of  Taos  county 
in  sustaining  the  rights  of  the  Indians  to  the  league  of 
land  given  them  by  the  Spanish  crown. 

1358  LETTER  from  Juan  Antonio  Baca  to  Governor  Al- 
berto Maynez  relative  to  a  suit  in  regard  to  lands 
claimed  by  an  Indian  named  Quintana,  who  belonged 
to  the  Pueblo  of  Cochiti. 

The  writer  of  this  letter  did  not  in  all  places  express 
himself  with  perfect  clearness,  but  apparently  the  matter 
he  was  discussing  was  in  relation  to  a  suit  between  his 
family  and  the  Cochiti  Indian,  Quintana,  in  which  the 
Indian  had  secured  a  favorable  decision,  or  at  any  rate 
seemed  to  have  the  better  of  the  litigation  up  to  the  time 
when  Baca  wrote  his  letter,  ]\Iarch  14,  1815. 

He  says  that  he  had  received  an  order  not  to  use  the 
land  included  within  the  landmark  or  monument  which 
Governor  Jose  Manrique  had  directed  the  alcalde,  Juan 
Jose  Gutierrez,  to  build,  wdiich  he  had  done ;  that,  although 
the  suit  had  turned  on  the  question  whether  the  boundary 
is  farther  above  or  farther  below  (some  point  understood 
by  the  writer  but  not  named)  shortly  before  the  governor 
had  ordered  that  the  boundary  be  removed  to  where  it  had 
stood  in  the  beginning  when  the  land  had  been  purchased, 
as  was  evidenced  by  deeds  of  sale  which  were  in  his  pos- 
session. 


Co 


3fci>c^iyC^ 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Captain  Fran- 
cisco Trebol  Navarro,  Governor  of  New  Mex- 
ico, 1778. 


Facsimile  of  Signa- 
ture of  Governor  Don 
Fernando  de  la  Con- 
cha, 1789-1794. 


tT^^Wt TftCt/Xl^^^ 


Facsimile   of  Signature   of  Don   Francisco    Antonio 
Marin  del  Valle,  Governor  and  Captain-General,  17.54- 

60. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don  Pedro  Fer- 
min  de  Mendinuueta,  Governor  and  Captain- 
General,  1767,  1778. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don  Tomas  Velez 
Caehupin,  Governor  and  Captain-General,  1749- 
17.54. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  General  Don  .luan  Buutista  de 
Anza,  Governor  of  New  Mexico,  1778  1789. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  433 

Apparently  the  Bacas  had  lands  and  houses  within  the 
boundary  claimed  by  Quintana  and  were  obliged  to  give 
them  up,  so  Baca  says  in  his  letter  that  they  could  do 
nothing  more  than  to  demand  reimbursement  for  their 
property,  which  he  estimates  at  a  value  of  4.000  pesos  in 
coin,  and  go  elsewhere  to  find  other  lands.  He  refers  also 
to  Don  Pedro  Pino  as  being  a  person  familiar  with  the 
case,  and  who  could  give  the  governor  information  about 
the  boundaries,  as  he  had  measured  the  pueblo  league,  and 
had  experience  in  other  matters  in  the  premises. 

Concluding,  he  says  that  a  short  time  before  he  had 
gone  to  the  governor  of  the  pueblo  to  learn  what  he  could 
about  the  unfounded  complaint  that  had  been  made  by 
Quintana,  and  the  Indian  governor  had  told  him  that  he 
knew  nothing  about  it  and  the  people  of  his  pueblo  did 
not  mix  up  in  it;  that  only  Quintana  and  his  partisans 
Were  those  who  had  made  the  trouble. 

The  location  of  the  land  is  not  fixed  in  the  letter;  as  it 
is  dated  at  Pefia  Blanca,  it  is  possible  the  land  was  in  that 
vicinity. 

1359  LETTER  from  Jose  Gutierrez,  dated  at  Bernalillo, 
March  3,  1816,  to  Governor  Alberto  Maynez,  in  re- 
gard to  lands  belonging  to  the  Indians  of  Sandia, 
which  they  had  loaned  to  some  Spanish  citizens. 

Gutierrez  says  that  he  had  received  the  governor's  de- 
cree of  the  23d  of  the  preceding  February,  it  having  been 
shown  to  him  by  the  Sandia  Indians  along  with  a  preced- 
ing report  by  Don  Felipe  Sandoval,  the  protector  of  the 
Indians,  based  upon  information  received  from  the  In- 
dians ;  that  the  report  is  lacking  in  truth,  and  if  the  pro- 
tector of  the  Indians  had  made  a  personal  examination  of 
the  premises  instead  of  depending  on  hearsay,  the  Indians 
would  not  have  presented  these  unfounded  charges. 

Gutierrez  discusses  the  matter  with  great  detail.  Ac- 
cording to  his  statement  the  Indians,  in  the  year  1814, 
loaned  to  more  than  20  Spaniards,  who  were  poor  and  had 
no  lands  of  their  own,  certain  pieces  east  of  the  Rio  Grande 
and  about  2,000  varas  from  the  intake  of  the  Sandia  irri- 
gating ditch ;  they  were  loaned  for  a  period  of  five  years. 
Six  of  the  Spaniards  had  built  some  huts  on  the  land  in 
order  to  have  some  place  in  which  to  live  while  farming, 
and  in  two  years'  time  they  had  begun  to  get  some  re- 
turn for  their  labors.  Then  the  governor  of  the  pueblo 
began  to  make  trouble  and  demand  that  the  Spaniards 


434  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

give  up  the  land,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  most  of 
the  people  of  the  pueblo  were  willing  that  they  should 
retain  it  to  the  end  of  the  period  of  five  years.  He  states 
that  he  believes  it  proper  tliat  the  Spaniards  should  be 
allowed  the  use  of  the  lands  at  least  for  the  year  1816,  in 
order  that  they  might  have  the  benefits  of  three  years' 
worth  of  work  of  the  five  years;  the  latter  period  is,  he 
says,  the  customary  one  in  the  country, 

1360  LETTERS  (2).     This  consists  of  two  separate  docu- 
ments. 

One  is  a  letter  from  Alberto  IMaynez,  who  was  a  colonel  in 
the  Spanish  army  and  had  been  previously  acting  as  gov- 
ernor of  New  Mexico,  dated  September  17,  1817,  and  di- 
rected to  Felipe  Sandoval,  protector  of  the  Pueblo  In- 
dians of  New  INIexico,  stating  that  the  attorney  who  was 
defending  the  Indians  in  the  City  of  ^Mexico,  evidently 
under  the  impression  that  jMaynez  was  still  exercising  ex- 
ecutive powers,  had  directed  to  him  the  official  communi- 
cation which  he  was  forwarding  to  Sandoval. 

The  other  is  the  official  communication  referred  to, 
which  is  by  Don  Bias  Abadiano,  under  date  of  February 
8,  1817,  to  Don  Alberto  Maynez,  acting  governor  of  New 
Mexico,  requesting  that  the  latter  would  have  the  Indians 
of  Cochiti  make  a  petition  for  a  certified  copy  of  the  deed 
of  sale  which  they  made  to  Mr.  Alencaster  for  the  Cile 
(Sile?)  ranch  and  of  the  one  which  the  latter  made  to  the 
Ortizes;  also  that  they  make  another  petition  asking  that 
Captain  Don  Anacleto  Miera  Pacheco  produce  the  order 
which  he  received  from  Mr.  Alencaster  for  them  to  sell  a 
ranch  to  Don  Luis  Baca,  or  to  give  information  as  to  its 
whereabouts  and  contents. 

1361  PROCEEDINGS  in  land  suit. 

Copy  made  by  Rafael  Cuentas,  special  notary  of  the  Royal 
Audiencia  of  Guadalajara,  of  certain  proceedings  had  in 
that  tribunal  in  connection  with  a  suit  about  the  annul- 
ment of  a  sale  of  real  property  made  by  the  Indians  of 
Cochiti,  dated  January  31,  1817. 

It  appears  that  the  king's  attorney,  as  protector  of  the 
Indians,  desired  to  push  a  suit  in  which  the  Indians  of 
Cochiti  were  interested,  which  related  to  the  annulment 
of  the  sale  of  the  Pefia  Blanca  ranch,  situate  within  the 
Pueblo  Grant  and  then  occupied  by  Don  Luis  Baca  and 
also  to  the  return  to  them  of  the  ranch  known  as  the  Santa 
Cruz  Spring,  which  they  had  purchased  in  1744,  for  the 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  435 

sum  of  1,500  pesos ;  that  not  being  able  to  verify  all  the 
matters  alleged  by  the  Indians,  the  king's  attorney  asked 
the  Audiencia  to  require  the  governor  of  New  :Mexico  to 
transmit  all  the  papers  at  Santa  Fe  in  any  way  relating 
to  the  matter.  This  request  of  the  attorney  was  made 
January  16,  1817,  and  the  Audiencia  granted  it  the  25th 
of  that  month. 

At  the  end  of  this  document,  in  the  handwriting  of  the 
governor,  Pedro  Maria  de  Allande,  is  the  following:  "An- 
swered, and  the  Expediente  transmitted  on  May  31,  1817. 

"Allande"  [rubric] 

1362  DOCUMENTS  referring  to  litigation  then  before  the 
Royal  Audiencia  of  Guadalajara,  between  the  In- 
dians of  Santo  Domingo  and  Cochiti,  one  side,  and 
Don  Antonio  Ortiz  and  Don  Luis  Maria  Cabeza  de 
Baca,  on  the  other;  the  dispute  with  Ortiz  being  in 
regard  to  the  Sile  tract,  and  that  with  Baca  being  in 
relation  to  the  Peiia  Blanca  and  Santa  Cruz  tracts. 
Rough  drafts. 

The  entire  document  is  in  the  handwriting  of  the  gov- 
ernor, Don  Pedro  Maria  de  Allande. 
The  first  draft  is  that  of  an  order  by  Governor  Allande. 
directing  that  the  lands  of  the  two  pueblos  be  measured, 
in  order  to  settle  the  questions  which  had  arisen  between 
them  and  their  opponents.  The  order  appoints  a  con- 
siderable number  of  persons  as  commissioners,  attending 
witnesses,  attorneys  in  fact,  etc.,  and  directs  that  the 
measurements  be  made  in  accordance  with  the  opinion  of 
Don  Francisco  Antonio  de  Landa,  December  31,  1816.  and 
with  a  view  to  reporting  the  results  to  tlie  Royal  Audien- 
cia.   It  is  dated  at  Santa  Fe,  May  10,  1817. 

The  second  rough  draft  is  that  of  a  proceeding  an- 
nouncing the  conclusion  of  the  rxpcdiente,  and  directing 
that  it  be  sent  to  the  Royal  Audiencia,  in  order  that  that 
tribunal  should  decide  the  matter  in  dispute.  This  is 
dated  at  Santa  Fe,  May  28,  1817. 

It  is  stated  that  the  proceedings  made  two  books,  one 
of  84  leaves  and  the  other  of  51  leaves. 

The  third  draft  is  of  a  letter  of  transmittal,  dated  INIay 
31,  1817,  sending  to  Don  Rafael  Cuentas.  secretary  of  the 
Audiencia,  the  expediente  above  referred  to. 


436  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

1363  DOCUMENTS  relative  to  Indians. 

This  manuscript  is  a  copy  of  various  documents  in  the 
archives  of  the  Royal  Audiencia  at  Guadalajara,  treating 
principally  of  the  need  of  having  the  Indians  instructed 
in  Christian  doctrine,  and  deploring  the  results  which  had 
arisen  from  the  action  of  the  Spanish  Cortes  in  abolishing 
the  teaching  of  the  doctrine  in  the  Spanish  language  by 
Indians  who  had  been  instructed  for  that  purpose,  and 
who  were  known  in  the  pueblos  as  Fiscales  de  Doctriim. 

The  subject  appears  to  have  been  called  to  the  attention 
of  the  Audiencia  by  communications  received  from  the 
local  protector  of  the  Indians  of  New  Mexico,  and  inci- 
dentally connected  therewith  are  references  to  some  land 
matters  affecting  some  of  the  New  Mexican  pueblos. 

On  page  1,  of  leaf  3,  it  is  stated  that  the  pueblo  of 
Santa  Ana  was  situated  on  very  bad  land,  and  that  its  in- 
habitants, in  order  to  support  themselves,  were  compelled 
to  farm  lands  on  the  Rio  del  Norte,  at  a  distance  of  four 
leagues  from  the  pueblo ;  that  the  Indians  of  San  Felipe 
had  usurped  some  pieces  of  these  lands  without  any  au- 
thority or  right  and  had  sold  them  to  three  or  four  Span- 
ish citizens ;  that  the  nullity  of  these  sales  was  particularly 
fixed  by  a  decision  of  the  Royal  Audiencia  made  public  in 
the  city  of  Guadalajara  on  April  19,  1817 ;  that  the  mem- 
ber of  the  Audiencia  who  was  responsible  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  Indians  had  requested,  among  other  things, 
that  the  governor  of  New  IMexico  be  directed  to  restore 
the  lands  in  question  to  their  rightful  owners  and  to  give 
a  hearing  to  the  persons  who  had  bought  them,  with  a 
view  to  providing  other  lands  for  them  on  the  royal  do- 
main and  entirely  separated  from  the  lands  of  the  In- 
dians. 

This  request  was  made  March  26,  1818,  and  on  the  fol- 
lowing day  it  was  approved  by  the  Audiencia. 

The  governor  of  New  Mexico  was  informed  of  this  ac- 
tion May  20,  1818.  Apparently  no  answer  was  received 
from  him,  and  assuming  that  the  communication  sent  to 
him  had  never  been  received,  the  present  manuscript,  con- 
taining all  the  proceedings  in  the  archive  up  to  that  time, 
was  prepared  by  the  secretary  of  the  Audiencia,  Don  Ra- 
fael Cuentas,  January  14,  1819. 

1364  LETTER  from  Ignacio  Maria  Sanchez  Vergara, 
April  14,  1819,  to  Lieutenant-Colonel  Facundo  Mel- 
gares  (either  Governor  or  Acting  Governor  of  New 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  437 

Mexico   at  that  time)    referring  to  communications 

received  from  the  Royal  Audiencia  of  Guadalajara, 

etc. 

In  regard  to  the  land  suit  between  Santa  Ana  and  San 
Felipe,  etc.,  and  suggesting  as  a  solution  of  the  dispute 
that  the  two  pueblos  should  abide  by  the  action  of  Don 
Jose  Pino,  deceased,  and  that  the  pieces  of  land  included 
within  the  boundaries  established  at  that  time  should  be 
given  to  the  Indians  of  Santa  Ana;  that  the  persons  in 
possession  of  the  lands  should  give  them  up,  and  recover 
the  price  they  had  paid  for  them  from  the  Indians  of  San 
Felipe,  who  had  sold  them. 

In  the  margin  of  this  letter,  under  date  April  22,  1819, 
is  a  rough  draft  of  the  reply  to  it.  The  governor  says 
that  he  has  determined  that  the  decision  of  the  Royal 
Audiencia  shall  be  fully  complied  with  without  loss  of 
time.  He  directs  Sanchez  to  go  to  the  land  in  question, 
and  in  company  with  the  chief  alcalde  of  Alburquerque, 
who  was  to  represent  the  governor,  to  make  proper  dis- 
tribution of  the  lands ;  also  he  tells  him  to  tell  the  parties 
in  interest  (holders  of  the  land)  that  he  will  grant  them 
at  Socorro  better  and  more  fertile  lands  than  those  they 
are  losing. 

He  adds  that  as  the  Indians  of  San  Felipe  probably 
sold  lands  that  did  not  belong  to  them,  that  it  woidd  be 
well  for  them  to  make  some  suggestion  as  to  the  manner 
in  which  they  should  make  restitution  for  that  which  they 
had  taken  mistakenly  or  improperly. 

1365  PUEBLOS.     Sales  of  Lands. 

This  archive  contains  eleven  separate  papers,  eight  of 
which  are  numbered  in  red  ink,  thus  "1365-1."  The 
other  three  are  numbered,  also  in  red  ink,  "1365-2."  The 
eight  papers  referred  to  have  nothing  whatever  to  do  with 
the  Santa  Ana  or  San  Felipe  pueblos  or  any  other  lands ; 
they  relate  only  to  ecclesiastical  matters.  The  three  papers, 
numbered  "1365-2"  relate  to  the  dispute  between  the  In- 
dians of  Santa  Ana  and  those  of  San  Felipe,  arising  from 
sales  made  by  the  latter  of  lands  belonging  to  the  former. 
The  first  of  these  three  papers  shows  that  Josef  Mariano 
de  la  Peha,  chief  alcalde  of  Alburquerque,  had  been  com- 
missioned by  the  acting  governor  of  New  Mexico,  Don 
Facundo  Melgares,  to  carry  into  effect  the  decision  of  the 
Royal  Audiencia  of  Guadalajara  in  regard  to  the  matter 
in  controversy ;  that  with  that  object  in  view  he  went  to 


438  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

the  land  in  question  and  on  May  7,  1819,  in  the  presence 
of  the  litigants  and  the  local  protector  of  the  Indians, 
Don  Ignacio  Maria  Sanchez  Vergara,  proceeded  to 
examine  the  boundary  in  dispute ;  having  done  this  and 
having  made  inquiries  as  to  the  former  situation  of  the 
river,  and  having  had  exhibited  to  him  a  document  made 
by  Don  Jose  Maria  de  Arze,  dated  July  6,  1813  (perhaps 
June  6,  1813;  see  archive  1356),  he  finally  came  to  the 
conclusion  that  permanent  landmarks  should  be  estab- 
lished along  the  eastern  edge  of  the  old  bed  of  the  Rio 
del  Norte  to  designate  the  boundary  between  the  lands  of 
San  Felipe  and  those  of  Santa  Ana.  He  explains  that  his 
reason  for  establishing  the  boundary  along  the  eastern 
edge  of  the  old  river  bed  was  that  when  the  river  left 
that  bed  and  cut  a  new  channel  for  itself  farther  west,  it 
damaged  to  that  extent  the  lands  of  the  Santa  Anas,  but 
did  not  damage  those  of  the  San  Felipes. 

On  May  8,  1819,  Peiia  inquired  into  the  matter  of  the 
sales  made  to  Spaniards  by  the  Indians  of  San  Felipe.  He 
says  that  Don  Juan  Bautista  Gonzales  exhibited  five 
deeds,  dated  from  1782  up  to  1816;  that  the  sum  of  the 
amounts  paid  for  four  different  purchases,  and  one  for 
which  there  was  no  deed,  amounted  to  more  than  2,700 
pesos  in  the  current  prices  of  the  country,  which  sum  had 
been  paid  in  sheep,  cattle,  horses,  money,  etc. ;  that  Gon- 
zalez obeyed  the  order  to  surrender  the  land,  but  re- 
quested that  the  vendors  should  return  what  he  had  paid 
for  it,  or  that  he  be  given  land  on  the  royal  domain,  on* 
the  eastern  side  of  the  river,  between  the  pueblos  of  San- 
to Domingo  and  San  Felipe. 

Don  Jose  Francisco  Silva,  who  also  was  willing  to  give 
up  the  land  he  was  occupying,  stated  that  he  was  not  its 
owner ;  that  it  belonged  to  Juan  Estevan  Pino,  of  Santa  Fe, 
in  whose  possession  the  deeds  would  be  found. 

Miguel  Lopez,  in  obeying  the  order  to  vacate,  stated 
that  it  was  not  his ;  that  he  was  working  it  under  a  lease 
from  the  owner,  Don  Pablo  IMontoya,  a  citizen  of  Las  Go- 
londrinas,  in  the  District  of  Santa  Fe,  who  was  in  posses- 
sion of  the  deeds. 

Peiia  notified  Don  Jose  Garcia,  Alonso  Garcia,  Juan 
Domingo  Archibeque,  Pablo  Archibeque,  Diego  Chaves, 
Francisco  Gutierrez,  and  Rev.  Fr.  Jeronimo  Riega,  some 
of  whom  were  absent  and  others  ill,  that  they  must  return 
the  lands  belonging  to  the  pueblo  of  Santa  Ana  and  that 
in  compensation  they  would  be  granted  others  at  Socorro. 

The  second  paper  is  a  letter  from  Pefia  to  Melgares, 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  439 

May  8,  1819,  which  in  a  general  way  reviews  the  action 
taken  and  set  forth  in  his  report.  He  states  that  the  pro- 
tector of  the  Indians,  Sanchez  Vergara,  and  the  Santa  Ana 
people,  were  satisfied  with  what  he  had  done  but  the  San 
Felipe  Indians  were  not;  that  to  have  settled  it  in  any 
other  way  would  have  been  to  the  injury  of  the  Santa 
Anas  who  had  already  been  damaged  by  the  river  chang- 
ing its  course,  while  the  San  Felipes  had  suffered  no  loss 
on  that  account ;  that  the  citizens  understood  that  the 
sales  made  to  them  by  the  San  Felipes  were  declared  to  be 
null ;  that  as  there  was  not  sufficient  time  for  them  to  dig 
new  irrigating  ditches  that  season  on  the  lands  wliich 
might  be  given  them  in  lieu  of  those  they  were  giving  up, 
they  requested  that  they  might  be  allowed  to  plant  and 
gather  on  the  latter  the  harvests  of  that  year. 

In  the  margin  of  the  letter,  under  date,  I\lay  11,  1819, 
is  the  rough  draft  of  the  reply,  in  which  it  is  stated  that 
the  planting  and  harvesting  of  the  crops  is  a  matter  which 
the  Santa  Ana  people  may  decide  as  they  see  fit. 

The  third  paper  is  a  letter,  dated  I\Ia.y  9,  1819,  from  the 
protector  of  the  Indians,  Ignacio  Sanchez  Vergara,  to  INIel- 
gares,  covering  about  the  same  ground  as  the  letter  of 
Peiia  to  the  governor. 

In  the  margin  of  the  letter.  May  11,  1819,  is  a  rough 
draft  of  Melgares'  reply.  He  directs  Sanchez  to  go  back 
with  the  alcalde  of  Alburquerque  and  make  the  San  Felipe 
Indians  pay  back  the  money  they  had  received  from  the 
persons  to  wdiom  they  had  illegally  sold  the  lands,  or  else 
make  restitution  by  giving  them  other  lands.  He  says 
that  in  case  there  are  any  lands  belonging  to  the  royal 
domain  between  San  Felipe  and  Santo  Domingo,  they 
wall  be  given  to  the  citizens  who  asked  for  them  at  that 
place. 

The  last  paragraph  of  this  rough  draft  is  not  perfectly 
clear;  it  seems,  however,  to  mean  that  the  Indians  of 
San  Felipe  were  obligated  to  pay  into  the  royal  treasury 
the  amount  they  had  illegally  received  from  any  Span- 
iard, who,  having  given  up  to  the  Santa  Anas  the  land 
he  had  purchased  from  the  San  Felipes.  subse((uontly  liad 
been  given  other  lands  in  lieu  thereof  out  of  the  roj^al  do- 
main. 

1366  PETITION  by  Ignacio  Sanchez  Vergara,  Protector  of 
the  Indians,  on  behalf  of  the  Indians  of  Santa  Ana,  to 
the  Governor  of  New  Mexico,  dated  June  4,  1819. 


440  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

According  to  the  statements  of  the  protector,  the  In- 
dians of  Santa  Ana,  on  account  of  the  poor  quality  of  the 
land  in  the  neighborhood  of  their  pueblo,  requested  per- 
mission to  come  down  to  the  edge  of  the  Rio  del  Norte, 
where  they  had  their  planting  lands,  and  there  establish 
the  pueblo.  They  also  offered  to  give  for  the  lands  at  Al- 
godones,  in  the  San  Felipe  lands,  the  same  amount  which 
the  Indians  of  San  Felipe  had  paid  for  them.  They  as- 
sumed that  the  San  Felipes  did  not  need  the  Algodones 
lands  because  they  had  made  numerous  sales  of  them  to 
citizens. 

There  is  nothing  to  show  that  any  action  was  ever  taken 
in  this  matter. 

1367  PETITION  by  the  Indians  of  the  Pueblo  of  San  Juan 
to  the  Commandant-General  at  Chihuahua,  request- 
ing his  protection  in  the  matter  of  various  abuses  of 
which  they  complain. 

Relative  to  land  matters  they  say  they  had  learned  of  a 
proclamation  relating  to  the  cutting  down  of  the  lands  of 
the  pueblos;  that  their  lands  did  not  extend  in  a  direction 
as  far  as  a  league;  that  they,  however,  had  been  more 
loyal  vassals  of  the  king  than  had  the  other  pueblos  who 
had  their  leagues  in  full. 

The  entire  document  is  badly  composed,  disconnected, 
and  is  a  rambling  protest  against  any  reduction  of  their 
possessions,  the  payment  of  tithes,  and  being  refused 
burial  in  the  church. 

In  the  margin,  under  date  October  11,  1821,  is  an  order 
of  the  commandant-general,  Garcia  Conde,  directing  the 
acting  governor  of  New  Mexico  to  see  to  it  that  the  Indians 
were  not  molested  in  any  manner,  maintaining  them  in 
the  possession  of  their  lands,  and  not  permitting  any 
changes  in  the  government  of  the  pueblos,  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  church,  and  the  contributions  they  made  for 
that  purpose. 

This  document  contains  a  statement  by  the  Indians  of 
San  Juan  giving  the  reasons  why  the  title  of  '^Cahalleros^' 
was  given  to  them. 

1368  PUEBLO  OF  ISLETA.  Jurisdiction  of,  in  August 
16,  1822. 

Jose   Antonio   Chaves   Duran    [rubric]  ;   Juan   Gutierrez 
[rubric]. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  441 

1369  PUEBLO  OF  PECOS. 

Question  as  to  lands;  contest  with  Domingo  Fernandez 
and  others.  1830.  Letter  from  Jose  Maria  Paredes,  sec- 
retary of  the  "Segunda  Sala  de  la  Suprcma  Corte  de 
Justicia."  Mexico,  February  17,  1830,  to  Don  Ramon 
Abreu,  secretary  of  the  Diputacion  Provincial. 

A  claim  in  regard  to  the  title  to  lands  by  the  pueblo  of 
Pecos  which  claim  had  been  before  the  supreme  court  of 
justice  in  the  City  of  Mexico. 

1370  PECOS  INDIANS. 

Petition  relative  to  their  lands,  to  the  Diputacion.  Pecos, 
March  12,  1826.  Alcalde  Rafael  Aguilar,  Subteniente, 
Juan  Domingo  Vigil,  General  Jose  Manuel  Armenta. 
1730.     Rough  draft  of  letter  to  the  supreme  government. 

Citizens  to  whom  lands  had  been  given  at  the  pueblo  of 
Pecos  must  not  sell  them  until  the  question  of  title  had 
been  decided  by  the  supreme  government. 

1371  REPORT  as  to  the  area  of  the  Pueblo  of  Pecos,  to 

the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  Mexico,  October  10,  1826. 

Draft  of  a  report  by  the  governor  of  New  Mexico  to  the 
minister  of  domestic  and  foreign  relations  giving  informa- 
tion as  to  the  lands  and  the  population  of  the  pueblo  of 
Pecos  and  relative  to  the  communal  system  of  the  Pueblos 
generally. 

1372  PETITION  by  three  Laguna  Indians,  who  acted  by 

authority  of  and  in  the  name  of  the  people  of  their 

pueblo,  asking  relief  in  the  matter  of  the  interference 

of  the  Acomas  with  their  water  rights. 

The  document  is  dated  June  15,  1827,  and  complains  that 
the  Acomas  are  interfering  with  the  rights  of  the  La- 
gunas  by  enlarging  the  Acoma  farming  lands  at  Cubero, 
thus  impeding  the  flow  of  the  water  in  the  little  stream 
which  flows  from  the  Gallo  spring,  on  which  stream  the 
pueblo  of  Laguna  is  situated;  that  the  Acomas  have  al- 
ways bothered  the  Lagunas  about  the  water,  although  the 
governors  (of  New  Mexico)  had  ordered  the  Acomas  not 
to  shut  off  the  water  and  to  confine  themselves  to  a  limited 
area  of  cultivated  land  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  the 
flow;  and  that  the  Lagunas  have  always  enjoyed  the  right 
of  preference  to  the  water. 

They  ask  that  an  end  be  put  to  further  encroachment 
on  the  part  of  the  Acomas  by  declaring  that  the  Lagunas 


442  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

are  entitled  to  the  preference  in  the  use  of  the  waters  of 
the  stream. 

In  the  margin  of  the  petition,  under  date  of  June  25, 
1827,  there  is  an  entry  made  in  the  office  of  the  secretary 
of  the  Territorial  Deputation  of  New  Mexico,  signed  by 
Francisco  Perez  Serrano,  a  member  and  the  secretary  of 
that  body,  directing  that  in  accordance  with  the  action  of 
the  deputation  the  petition  be  transmitted  to  the  jefe  po- 
litico (governor)  in  order  that  the  proper  steps  to  the 
doing  of  justice  should  be  taken. 

1373  PETITION  of  June  15,  1827,  by  three  Laguna  In- 
dians, acting  by  authority  of  and  in  the  name  of  their 
pueblo,  asking  relief  from  the  enroachment  of  the  Ce- 
bolleta  people  on  the  Paguate  ranch,  which  belonged 
to  the  Lagunas. 

The  petitioners  state  that  the  pueblo  of  Laguna  had 
held  the  Paguate  ranch  from  time  immemorial,  having 
bought  it  from  a  native  of  the  pueblo  from  whom  the 
ranch  received  its  name ;  that  the  people  of  Cebolleta  were 
trying  to  take  the  ranch  from  them  and  add  it  to  the 
lands  they  already  had,  and  that  they  were  being  aided 
in  this  by  the  ayuntamiento  (town  council)  of  Cebolleta; 
that  in  view  of  this  condition  the  pueblo  of  Laguna  peti- 
tioned the  Territorial  authorities  to  make  to  it  a  grant  of 
the  ranch  in  question  with  the  following  boundaries :  "  on 
the  north  by  the  grant  conceded  to  Cebolleta,  which  is 
the  Gavilan  tableland  (]\Iesa  Del  Gabilan)  ;  on  the  south 
by  the  league  belonging  to  the  pueblo ;  on  the  east  the 
little  butte  called  the  Co  jo  (el  Serrito  nombrado  del  Co  jo)  ; 
and  on  the  west  the  limits  of  the  pueblo  of  Acoma. " 

The  petitioners  further  state  that  they  transmit  with 
their  petition  three  documents,  numbered  respectively  1, 
2,  and  3. 

In  the  margin  of  the  first  page  of  the  petition  is  an 
entry  made  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  the  Territorial 
Deputation,  dated  June  25,  1827,  and  signed  by  Fran- 
cisco Perez  Serrano,  a  member  and  the  secretary  of  that 
body,  directing  that  in  accordance  with  the  action  of  the 
deputation  the  petition  be  transmitted  to  the  jefe  politico 
(governor)  in  order  that  the  proper  steps  to  the  doing  of 
justice  be  taken. 

Document  one  (1),  of  the  three  above  referred  to,  is  a 
communication  from  Lorenzo  Romero,  governor,  Juan 
Miguel  Cacique,  and  Bias,  war-captain,  to  the  civil  and 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  443 

military  governor  of  New  Mexico,  dated  at  Santa  Fe, 
August  28,  1826,  stating  that  they  appeared  before  him 
with  documents  of  the  properties  belonging  to  the  pueblo 
of  Laguna,  in  order  that  he  should  give  to  them  his  of- 
ficial approval,  in  order  to  avert  future  claims  and  in- 
juries. 

There  is  an  endorsement  on  this  communication,  dated 
August  28,  1826,  signed  "Narbona"  (Antonio  Narbona 
was  at  that  time  the  jefe  politico,  or  governor,  of  New 
Mexico)  and  in  these  words:  "Let  it  be  done  as  is  re- 
quested; returning  all  to  the  parties  in  interest  for  the 
use  which  may  be  to  their  benefit." 

Document  two  (2)  is  an  undated  copy,  made  by 
Eusebio  Aragon,  of  an  original  which  he  states  was  torn 
and  much  handled,  which  original  appears  to  have  been 
a  document  made  on  j\Iay  15,  1796.  by  Antonio  Sedillo, 
chief  alcalde,  in  which  he  relates  that  one  Pascual  Pa- 
jarito,  who  had  a  grant  made  by  the  governor  (of  New 
Mexico)  for  a  house  and  tillable  lands,  had  attempted  to 
drive  Juan  Paguasti  away  from  the  latter's  ranch,  and 
that  Sedillo  had  called  the  parties  together,  with  the 
cacique  and  other  principal  men  and  had  read  to  them 
the  act  of  possession  which  Pajarito  had,  and  had  settled 
the  dispute  between  them,  Pajarito  being  entitled  to  his 
house  and  tillable  lands,  but  the  pasture  and  wood  lands, 
which  he  had  claimed  as  his,  were  declared  to  be  common 
to  all.  Sedillo  says  that  he  made  the  document  as  an 
evidence  of  the  settlement  of  the  dispute;  that  Paguasti 
was  an  older  settler  than  Pajarito,  and  that  the  former 
and  his  brothers  were  well  behaved  Indians,  etc.  Further- 
more, Sedillo  orders  that  the  document  be  presented  to  the 
governor  on  his  general  inspection  tour,  in  order  that  it 
might  receive  his  approval. 

At  the  end  of  the  document  is  the  following: 

"Santa  Fe,  August  28,  1826. 
"This  document  approved  in  so  far  as  belongs  to  this 
government,  and  according  to  the  merit  and  formality 
with  which  it  appears.       (Signed)  Narbona  [rubric]  " 

Document  three  (3)  is  made  by  Ignacio  Maria  Sanchez 
Vergara,  the  official  protector  of  Indians,  on  June  1,  1820, 
at  the  pueblo  of  Jemez. 

This  officer  states  that  the  Indians  named  in  the  docu- 
ment presented  the  same  to  Mm,  which  document  had  been 
drawn  up  by  the  former  alcalde,  Antonio  Sedillo.  in  re- 
gard to  a  suit  between  Juan  Paguate  and  Pascual   Pa- 


444  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

jarito,  in  which  the  alcalde  had  ordered  the  disputants 
to  confine  themselves  to  their  individual  holdings  and 
not  to  interfere  with  each  other. 

Then  he  goes  on  to  refer  to  the  fact  that  the  pueblo 
had  acquired  the  Paguate  ranch  by  "just  title,"  and  that 
after  the  alcalde,  Jose  Manuel  Aragon,  had  given  the 
possession  to  the  people  of  Cebolleta,  of  the  grant  made  to 
them,  the  Paguate  ranch  still  remained  undisturbed  with 
its  ancient  boundaries,  the  boundary  in  the  direction  of 
the  new  settlement  (Cebolleta)  being  the  table-land  called 
the  Gavilan,  with  which  the  new  Cebolleta  colonists  were 
satisfied. 

This  is  followed  by  a  deal  of  language  about  the  Pag- 
uate ranch  being  about  the  only  valuable  land  left  to 
the  Lagunas,  etc.,  etc.,  and  finally  Sanchez  says  that  he 
gives  this  document  to  the  Indians  for  their  protection. 

Following  the  document  is  an  endorsement  in  these 
words : 

"Santa  Fe,  August  28,  1826. 

"This  document  approved  in  so  far  as  belongs  to  this 
government,  and  according  to  the  merit  and  formality 
with  which  they  appear.      (Signed)  Narbona  [rubric]  " 

1374  PETITION  by  Mariano  Rodriguez  to  the  Jefe  Po- 
litico of  New  Mexico,  on  his  own  part  and  in  behalf 
of  the  Indians  of  the  Pueblo  of  Picuries  protesting 
against  the  giving  of  possession  of  lands  within  the 
common  lands  of  the  Pueblo  to  Rafael  Fernandez 
and  Miguel  Gonzales,  and  requesting  that  the  steps 
already  taken  in  the  matter  be  revoked. 

The  petitioner  says  among  other  things,  that  it  is  the 
custom  of  the  parties  whom  he  names  to  ask  for  the  pos- 
session of  lands,  and  as  soon  as  the  same  have  been  granted 
to  them  to  dispose  of  them,  thereafter  asking  for  other 
lands  with  the  intention  of  repeating  the  operation. 

The  petition  is  dated  at  Picurie,  on  May  14,  1829. 

In  the  margin  is  an  order  dated  June  5,  1829,  signed 
by  Ramon  Abreu,  secretary  of  the  Territorial  Deputation, 
setting  forth  the  action  of  that  body  in  regard  to  the  mat- 
ter. It  is  stated  that  the  right  of  ownership  to  the  lands 
for  which  they  had  asked  is  not  given  to  Rafael  Gonzalez 
[this  is  a  mistake  as  to  the  name  of  the  petitioner]  and 
his  associates;  that  as  soon  as  they  harvest  the  crops 
from  the  lands  they  were  allowed  to  plant  for  that  year. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  445 

they  shall  go  away  from  the  place ;  that  the  order  direct- 
ing this  action  be  presented  by  the  protestant  to  the 
proper  alcalde,  who  shall  make  it  known  to  the  parties  af- 
fected by  it,  and  shall  cause  it  to  be  complied  with. 

This  paper  is  followed  by  another,  dated  ]\Iarch  4, 
1830,  which  apparently  is  a  report  of  a  committee  of  the 
Territorial  Deputation,  which,  after  reviewing  and  quot- 
ing the  decision  of  that  body,  dated  June  6,  1829,  reports 
that  the  application  of  the  petitioners  ought  not  to  be 
granted. 

There  is  also  another  report  of  another  committee, 
dated  April  14,  1831,  which  simply  amounts  to  an  ap- 
proval of  the  previous  action  of  the  Territorial  Deputa- 
tion and  the  report  of  the  committee  of  March  4,  1830. 

1375  DEPOSITION  COPY,  wliich  was  transmitted  to  the 
Supreme  Government,  Dated  July  1, 1829.  The  copy 
bears  the  signature  of  Jose  Antonio  Chaves,  who  was 
the  Jefe  Politico  (or  Governor)  of  New  Mexico  some- 
where about  that  date. 

The  first  part  of  the  document  is  a  copy  of  the  deposition 
of  Don  Andres  Romero  and  Don  Juan  Jose  Gurierrez, 
taken  at  Bernalillo,  May  18,  1829,  on  the  petition  of  the 
natives  of  Sandia,  by  the  constitutional  alcalde,  Pedro 
Jose  Perea. 

The  deponents  were  respectively  69  and  66  years  of 
age.  They  state  that  for  years  they  had  known  that  the 
"laTids  in  litigation"  had  no  other  owner  than  those  of 
the  pueblo;  that  they  also  know,  from  information  re- 
ceived from,  their  forefathers,  that  when  there  was  a  great 
famine  among  the  Moquis  a  priest  who  had  learned  of  it 
reported  the  matter  to  the  government,  with  a  view  to 
having  those  Indians  brought  within  the  fold  of  the 
Church ;  that  an  adequate  escort  was  sent  to  the  Moquis, 
and  they  were  told  that  if  they  wanted  to  become  Chris- 
tians lands  would  be  given  to  them  upon  which  they  could 
support  themselves ;  that  sixty  odd  families  left  the  Moqui 
pueblo,  and  having  adopted  the  Christian  religion,  were 
settled  at  the  pueblo  of  Sandia. 

The  foregoing  is  followed  by  a  somewhat  complicated 
and  vague  statement  rather  difficult  to  thoroughly  under- 
stand. However,  I  gather  from  it  that  the  deponents 
meant  to  state  that  the  settlement  of  the  Indians  at  Sandia 
was  made  known  to  the  citizens  of  Bernalillo  and  those  of 
Alameda,  and  that  they  agreed  to  it,  with  the  understand- 


446  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

ing  that  the  western  boundary  of  the  Indians'  lands  was 
to  be  the  Del  Norte  river;  also  it  seems  likely  that  the 
lands  herein  before  referred  to  as  the  "'hinch  in  litiga- 
tion" were  situated  outside  of  the  boundaries  of  the 
pueblo  of  Sandia,  and  extended  for  half  a  league  in  the 
direction  of  Alameda ;  and  that  all  this  was  understood 
by  the  citizens,  and  for  years  the  Indians  had  had  no  suit 
in  regard  to  said  lands,  and  had  not  sold  them. 

The  second  part  of  the  document  is  a  copy  of  a  deposi- 
tion of  Rafael  Aliera,  made  at  Bernalillo,  May  15,  1829, 
before  the  constitutional  alcalde,  Pedro  Jose  Perea. 

The  deponent  states  that  he  was  37  years  old;  that 
some  12  or  13  years  before  the  date  of  his  deposition  he 
was  at  the  house  of  his  father-in-law,  Don  Eusebio  Rael, 
in  company  with  some  of  his  brothers-in-law,  when  Don 
Ignacio  Sanchez  came  to  the  house,  and,  after  having 
conversed  for  some  time  with  Don  Eusebio  Rael,  took 
from  his  pocket  the  grant  of  the  Sandia  Indians ;  that  the 
deponent  saw  that  Sanchez  was  reading  the  grant,  and 
pinching  out  of  it  certain  words  and  putting  in  others 
with  a  pen  he  had  in  his  hand;  that  also  on  that  same 
occasion  deponent  heard  Sanchez  say  that  now  they  could 
bring  suit  for  the  lands  claimed  by  the  pueblo  of  Sandia, 
and  he  promised  Don  Eusebio  Rael  that  if  he  got  the 
land  he  would  give  him  the  half  of  it ;  that  while  the  suit 
was  going  on  deponent's  brother-in-law  asked  him  what 
he  was  going  to  put  up  to  assist  in  paying  for  the  paper 
and  other  expenses  which  might  arise,  and  he  replied  that 
in  view  of  w^hat  he  had  witnessed,  he  would  not  contribute 
even  half  a  real. 

1376  PUEBLOS  OF  SANTO  DOMINGO  and  SAN 
FELIPE.     1831. 

Grant  to.     Papers  transferred  to,  reported  No.  142.     File 
No.  200. 

1377  COMPLAINT  of  Ursula  Chaves.  Santa  Fe,  July  5, 
1835. 

Dispossession  of  certain  lands  near  Los  Padillas.       The 
signature  of  Governor  Perez  is  very  finely  executed. 

1378  LETTER  from  Agustin  Duran,  Second  Alcalde  of 
San  ta  Fe,  dated  at  Santo  Domingo,  February  26, 
1836,  to  Don  Gregorio  Sanchez,  First  Alcalde  of  San- 
ta Fe. 

Duran  informs  Sanchez  that  the  attorney  in  fact  of  the 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  447 

pueblo  of  Santo  Domingo  has  laid  claim  to  certain  lands 
on  behalf  of  the  pueblo,  alleging  that  they  had  been 
usurped  by  Don  Antonio  Ortiz;  that  said  lands  were  at 
the  Sile  ranch,  which  occupied  a  part  of  the  league  be- 
longing to  the  said  pueblo;  and  he  requests  Sanchez  to 
direct  Ortiz  to  appear  at  Santo  Domingo  on  the  following 
day,  either  personally  or  by  attorney,  to  answer  the  charge 
made  against  him  and  to  restore  to  the  Indians  their 
property. 

Following  this  letter  is  the  rough  draft  of  Sanchez's 
reply,  informing  Duran  that  Ortiz  had  gone  to  Pojoaque, 
and  on  that  account  can  not  make  a  prompt  appearance, 
but  that  he  would  do  so  as  soon  as  he  returned  to  the  city. 
This  rough  draft  is  dated  also  on  February  26,  1836. 

In  the  margin  of  the  first  page  is  a  memorandum  show- 
ing that  the  letter  was  sent  to  Ortiz,  at  Pojoaque,  on  the 
27th  of  the  same  month. 

1380  PROCEEDINGS  in  regard  to  the  measurement  of 
the  league  to  the  north  of  tlie  Pueblo  of  Santo  Do- 
mingo. 

On  August  23,  1844,  ^Miguel  Antonio  Lobato,  attorney 
in  fact  for  the  pueblo  of  Santo  Domingo,  petitioned  the 
governor  and  commandant-general  of  New  Mexico  to  or- 
der a  survey  of  the  league  belonging  to  that  pueblo.  He 
represented  that  the  old  monuments  which  marked  the 
boundaries  had  been  entirely  destroyed;  that  because  of 
this  his  clients,  the  Santo  Domingo  Indians,  had  had  fre- 
quent disagreements  with  Jose  de  Jesus  Sanchez,  who 
was  occupying  the  adjoining  lands ;  that,  with  a  view  to 
obviating  such  disagreements  and  in  order  to  avoid  a 
ruinous  suit,  he  requested  the  governor  to  order  that  the 
league  which  had  been  adjudicated  to  them  by  the  Span- 
ish government  be  measured,  after  summoning  the  owners 
of  the  adjoining  lands;  and  that  this  be  done  in  accord- 
ance with  the  measurements  made  in  the  year  1815,  by 
Don  Juan  Jose  Gutierrez,  the  alcalde  of  Alameda,  who 
had  acted  under  orders  of  Don  Alberto  INIaynes,  as  ap- 
peared by  a  document  which  the  petitioner  transmitted 
with  his  petition,  etc. 

On  August  26,  1844,  Governor  Martinez  ordered  the  pre- 
fect, Don  Francisco  Sarracino,  to  make  the  measurements, 
after  first  summoning  the  owners  of  the  adjoining  lands, 
in  order  to  avoid  future  controversies. 

On   September  3,   1844,   Sarracino,  having  previously 


448  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

summoned  the  owners  of  the  adjoining  lands,  proceeded 
to  measure  a  distance  of  5,000  varas  toward  the  north 
from  the  cross  which  stood  in  the  center  of  the  cemetery 
at  the  pueblo  of  Santo  Domingo.  At  the  point  where  this 
measurement  terminated  he  ordered  that  the  natives 
should  place  a  firm  monument  of  stone,  and  he  says  that 
in  the  meantime  they  dug  two  trenches  in  the  form  of  a 
cross,  and  filled  them  with  stones,  as  a  temporary  mark 
for  the  spot.  Also  he  says  that  at  that  point  there  were 
found  the  foundations  of  three  monuments  which  had  pre- 
viously existed  there;  that  some  of  the  Indians  had  pre- 
dicted that  he  would  find  these  if  he  made  the  measure- 
ment impartially  and  without  error. 

The  report  of  the  measurement  was  transmitted  by  Sar- 
racino  to  Governor  Martinez  on  September  8,  1844,  and 
on  the  9th  of  October,  of  the  same  year,  the  latter  or- 
dered that  a  certified  copy  of  the  whole  proceedings  be 
issued  to  the  parties  in  interest,  which  was  immediately 
done. 

1381  PROTEST  of  March  27,  1845,  by  the  Indians  of  the 
Pueblo  of  Isleta,  against  the  granting  of  the  Ojo  de  la 
Cabra  Tract  to  Don  Juan  Otero. 

This  protest  is  directed  to  the  governor  of  New  Mexico 
by  two  Indians  of  the  pueblo  of  Isleta,  acting  in  behalf 
of  their  whole  community.  It  appears  that  they  had 
learned  that  the  legislative  body  of  New  Mexico,  the  De- 
partmental Assembly,  had  granted  to  Don  Juan  Otero  a 
tract  of  land  situated  at  the  Cabra  spring,  which  tract 
and  spring  they  alleged  had  always  been  recognized  as  the 
property  of  their  pueblo.  They  strongly  protest  against 
this  violation  of  their  rights,  and  request  the  governor  to 
lay  their  protest  before  the  Assembly. 

This  was  done,  and  on  the  same  day  of  the  date  of  the 
petition  that  body  ordered  the  prefect  of  the  Third  district 
of  the  Department,  in  concurrence  with  the  ayuntam- 
iento,  to  report  upon  the  matter,  and  at  the  same  time  to 
direct  the  proper  justice  of  the  peace  to  do  likewise.  This 
action  of  the  Departmental  Assembly  is  signed  by  its 
president  and  secretary. 

This  is  followed  by  the  report  of  the  prefect,  Francisco 
Sarracino,  dated  May  15,  1845,  in  which,  among  other 
things,  he  says  that  the  Cabra  spring  is  outside  of  the 
Isleta  league ;  that  the  land  is  not  the  lawful  property  of 
any  settlement ;  that  the  spring  is  very  small,  and  during 


^    oS^ 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don  Jose  Rafael  Sarraeino 


Facsimile   of  Signature  of  Don  Santiarto  Abreu. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don  Peiiro 
Bautista  Pino.  Delegate  from  New  Mexico 
to  the  Spanish  Cortes. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don  r'arlos  Beaul>ien. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don 
Nicolas  Oitiz. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  449 

the  greater  portion  of  the  year  does  not  furnish  enough 
water  for  one  horse ;  that  the  land  has  been  considered  as 
commons  for  the  people  of  Valencia,  Isleta,  Padillas,  and 
Pajarito,  and  for  all  others  who  have  wanted  to  make  use 
of  it ;  and  he  concludes  his  report  by  saying  that  he  there- 
with transmits  the  report  made  by  the  justice  of  the  peace. 

Sarracino  's  report  is  followed  by  the  record  of  the  action 
taken  thereon,  on  June  29,  1845,  by  the  Departmental 
Assembly,  in  which  that  body  states  that  being  convinced 
by  the  prefect's  second  report,  dated  ]\Iay  15th,  that  the 
place  of  the  Cabra  spring  had  been  considered  as  a  part  of 
the  commons  of  the  pueblo  and  other  places  mentioned  in 
the  report,  it  repealed  the  decree  of  the  14th  of  the  pre- 
vious March,  by  which  the  place  had  been  granted  to  Don 
Juan  Otero,  and  declared  the  same  to  be  null  and  void. 
It  also  ordered  that  its  action  in  the  matter  be  communi- 
cated to  the  governor,  in  order  that  he  might  notify  the 
parties  in  interest,  and  cause  the  same  to  be  complied  with. 

On  July  7,  1845,  the  governor  issued  his  order  that  the 
decree  of  the  Departmental  Assembly  should  be  observed 
in  all  particulars  by  the  parties  whom  it  concerned. 

There  are  two  other  separate  papers  in  this  archive, 
each  referring  to  the  proceedings  above  set  forth.  The 
first  is  a  communication  dated  June  2,  1845,  from  Ramon 
Luna  to  the  prefect  of  the  district,  in  which  he  makes  it 
plain  that,  although  he  believes  the  Indians  have  always 
owned  the  Cabra  Spring  Tract,  he  does  not  feel  that  he 
ought  to  or  can  report  on  the  matter  until  he  has  before 
him  the  petition  presented  by  the  Indians,  and  the  re- 
port of  the  prefect  in  concurrence  with  the  ayuntamiento. 
The  second  of  these  papers  is  a  fragment  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  Departmental  Assembly  on  June  29,  1845,  fol- 
lowed by  a  rough  draft  of  a  letter  of  transmittal  inform- 
ing the  governor  of  the  action  which  the  Assembly  had 
taken  in  the  matter. 

1382  OJO  DE  LA  CABRA  GRANT. 

This  archive  consists  of  three  papers,  all  of  which  have 
to  do  with  the  Ojo  de  la  Cabra  Grant  to  Don  Juan  Otero, 
the  revocation  thereof,  and  kindred  matters. 

The  first  of  the  three  is  a  report  of  a  committee  of  the 
Departmental  Assembly,  dated  September  28,  1845,  and 
signed  by  A.  Duran  and  Sena. 

It  was  called  forth  by  a  petition,  drawn  up  in  the  in- 
terest of  Don  Juan  Otero,  by  his  attorney,  Don  ]\Ianuel 
Mufios,  who  evidently  had  argued  that  the  tract  of  land 


450  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

known  as  the  Cabra  Spring  Tract  having  been  granted  to 
Don  Juan  Otero  by  the  governor  of  New  Mexico  could 
not  be  revoked  by  the  Departmental  Assembly  of  that  De- 
partment. 

The  committee  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  grant  was  not 
made  by  the  governor,  but  by  the  Assembly,  and  assum- 
ing the  correctness  of  Munos's  contention  that  the 
governor  alone  has  the  power  to  grant  lands,  suggests  that 
the  only  thing  that  can  be  done  for  the  relief  of  Otero  is 
to  present  a  new  petition  to  that  officer  praying  for  a  grant 
of  the  lands  in  question. 

The  second  paper  is  also  a  report  of  the  same  commit- 
tee on  the  same  subject,  but  dated  one  day  previous  to 
the  first  report.  It  covers  substantially  the  same  ground, 
and  is  followed  by  the  action  of  the  Departmental  As- 
sembly, signed  by  the  president  and  secretary,  approving 
the  report  and  returning  it  to  the  governor  with  other 
papers  in  the  case.  The  approval  is  dated  September  28, 
1845. 

The  third  paper  is  an  unsigned  fragmentary  report  of 
a  committee  of  the  Assembly  in  regard  to  the  same  mat- 
ter. It  ends  with  a  recommendation  that  the  assembly 
adopt  a  resolution  to  the  effect  that  the  Cabra  Spring 
Tract  shall  not  be  granted  to  anyone,  but  shall  remain,  as 
it  had  been  from  time  immemorial,  as  common  for  the 
settlements  of  Isleta,  Valencia,  Padillas,  and  Pajarito;  that 
no  appeal  shall  be  allowed  to  Don  Juan  Otero  or  the  na- 
tives of  Isleta  on  the  subject  of  the  dispute  as  to  the  di- 
rect ownership  of  the  tract;  and  that  the  resolution  be 
carried  into  effect  as  soon  as  it  should  reach  the  hands  of 
the  governor. 

1383  REPORT   of  a   Committee   of  the   Department  As- 
sembly, dated  April  29,  1846. 

In  regard  to  matters  arising  from  the  dispute  as  to  the 
ownership  of  the  Cabra  spring  property.  It  appears  that 
the  governor  of  the  Department,  on  April  16,  1846,  di- 
rected an  official  comnuinication  to  the  Assembly,  inclos- 
ing a  decree  of  the  superior  tribunal  of  the  Department 
of  Chihuahua,  referring  to  some  action  had  in  the  su- 
preme court  of  justice  at  Mexico  City,  based  on  a  com- 
plaint by  Antonio  Jose  Otero,  a  citizen  of  Valencia,  New 
Mexico,  that  he  had  been  violently  dispossessed  of  his 
property  at  the  Ojo  de  la  Cabra. 

The  report  of  the  committee  purports  to  give  a  full 
history  of  the  case,  beginning  with  the  petition  of  Otero 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  451 

to  the  prefect  of  the  Third  district,  on  January  22,  1845, 
and  ending  with  the  governor's  approval  of  the  revoca- 
tion of  the  grant,  on  July  7,  1845. 

It  is  stated  also  that  subsequently  the  prefect  was  sus- 
pended because  of  the  bad  faith  he  had  exhibited  in  con- 
nection with  the  matter. 

The  report  concluded  with  an  explanation  of  the  causes 
which  have  prevented  the  establishment  in  New  Mexico 
of  the  superior  tribunal  of  Second  and  Third  instance, 
provided  for  by  the  supreme  decrees  of  February  28. 
and  March  2,  1843. 

The  details  of  the  controversy  about  the  Cabra  spring 
property  are  much  more  interesting  than  important,  in 
view  of  the  final  disposition  of  this  case  by  the  United  States 
government.  The  claim  based  on  this  grant  was  rejected  by 
the  United  States  court  of  private  land  claims  on  Novem- 
ber 29,  1896.  Subsequently,  on  May  22,  1897,  it  was  op- 
pealed  to  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States  by  the 
plaintiffs,  and  that  court  thereafter  dismissed  the  appeal, 
January  18,  1899,  mandate  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  United 
States  surveyor-general  at  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico,  in  cause 
No.  167,  C.  P.  L.  C.  —  the  Ojo  de  la  Cahra  Grant. 

1384  BARTOLOME  LOBATO  v.  XPTOBAL  de  AREL- 
LANO. 

Suit  for  the  possession  of  an  Apache  slave.  The  petition 
is  addressed  to  the  INIarques  de  la  Naba  Brazinas,  and  the 
order  is  signed  by  the  Marques  and  by  his  secretary  of 
government  and  war,  Alfonso  Rael  de  Aguilar. 

LIST  OF  GRANTS  OR  ALLOTMENTS  OF  LANDS 

TO  THE 

PUEBLO  INDIANS 

WITH   HISTOEICAL,  DESCRIPTIVE,  AND  OTHER 

NOTES 

R.  No.  A  PUEBLO  OF  JEMEZ. 

Grant.  1689,  September  20th.  IMade  by  Governor  and 
Captain-General  Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate. 
Certificate  by  Don  Pedro  Ladron  de  Guitara,  Secretary  of 
Government  and  War. 

It  will  be  noted  that  this  instrument  was  executed  at 
El  Paso,  where  the  Spaniards  maintained  headquarters 


452  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

after  the  revolution  of  1680,  Governor  Antonio  Otermin 
and  all  of  the  Spanish  colonists  and  inhabitants  of  New 
IMexico  having  been  driven  out  by  the  Pueblos  in  the 
month  of  August  of  that  year.  At  the  time  this  grant  is 
supposed  to  have  been  made  the  Pueblos  were  still  hostile. 

Inasmuch  as  all  the  alleged  granting  instruments  made 
by  Governor  Cruzate  are  practically  the  same  in  wording, 
I  give  this,  which  is  in  the  words  and  figures  and  ab- 
breviations following,  to  wit: 

1689.  En  el  Pueblo  de  Nra.  Sa.  de  Guadalupe  del  Passo 
del  Rio  del  Norte  en  veinte  dias  del  mes  de  Septe.  de  mil 
seissientos  y  ochenta  y  nueva  anos  el  Senor  Gouer.  y  Capn. 
Genl.  Dn.  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate  dijo  por 
quanto  en  el  alcanze  que  se  did  en  el  reino  de  la  Nueva 
Mexco.  de  los  Yndios  Queres,  y  los  Apostatas,  y  los  Teguas 
y  de  la  Naaion  Thanos  y  despues  de  hover  pele  ado  con^ 
todos  los  demas  Y^idios  de  todos  puehlos  ww  Yndio  del 
Puo.  de  Zia  llamado  Bartolome  de  Ojeda  que  fue  el  que 
fue  el  que  mas  se  senalo  en  la  vatalla  acudiendo  a  todos 
partes  se  rindio  hiedose  huedo  de  un  valazo  y  un  Yechas- 
so,  lo  cual  como  dicho  es  mande  que  denajo  Juranto. 
declare  como  se  alia  el  Puo.  de  Jemez  que  fueron 
unos  Yndios  Apostatas  de  aquel  reino  de  la  Nueva  Mexco. 
pues  fue  el  que  le  did  la  muerte  el  Padre  Fr. 
Juan  de  Jesus  Morador.  Preguntado  que  si  este  Puo. 
volvera  en  alguii  tiempo  a  Apostatarse  como  ha  sido 
costumbre  entre  ellos  y  dice  el  confesante  que  no 
que  ya  estd  muy  medio  en  temor,  que  aunque  estavan 
abilantados  con  lo  que  les  havia  susedMo  a  los  de 
el  Puo.  de  Zia  el  ano  pasado  jusgana  que  era  inposible 
ue  dejaran  de  dar  la  obedienzia,  por  lo  cual  se  consedio 
por  el  Senor  Gouer.  y  Capn.  Genl.  Dn.  Domingo  Jirenza 
Petriz  de  Cruzate,  los  linderos  que  aqui  anocto:  para  el 
el  norte  una  legua  y  para  el  oriente  una  legua  y  para  el 
poniente  una  legua  y  para  el  sur  una  legua  midiendo 
estas  de  las  cuatro  esquinas  del  templo  que  queda  en  me- 
dio del  Puo.  assi  lo  proveyo,  mando,  y  firmo  su  ssa.  a  mi 
el  presente  Cecretario  de  Gov.  y  Ga. 

Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate. 

Ante  mi: 
Don  Pedro  Ladron  de  Guitara, 
Sec.  de  Gn.  y  Guea. 

A  literal  translation  of  which  document  is  as  follows, 
to-wit : 

1689.     In  this  village  of  Our  Lady  of  Guadalupe  del 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  453 

Paso  del  Rio  del  Norte,  on  the  twentieth  day  of  the  month 
of  September,  in  the  year  one  thousand  six  hundred  and 
eighty-nine,  His  Excellency,  Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz 
de  Cruzate,  governor  and  captain-general,  stated  that, 
whereas,  in  overtaking  the  Queres  Indians  and  the  Apos- 
tates, and  the  Teguas  and  those  of  the  Thanos  nation,  in 
the  kingdom  of  New  Mexico,  and  after  having  fought  with 
all  the  Indians  of  all  the  other  pueblos,  an  Indian  of  the 
pueblo  of  Zia,  named  Bartolome  de  Ojeda,  one  of  those 
who  was  most  conspicuous  in  the  battle,  rendering  assist- 
ance everywhere,  being  wounded  by  a  ball  and  an  arrow, 
surrendered,  who,  as  formerly  stated,  I  ordered  to  declare 
under  oath  the  condition  of  the  Pueblo  of  Jemez,  who  were 
apostate  Indians  of  that  kingdom,  having  killed  their 
priest,  Fr.  Juan  de  Jesus  iMorador.  Being  interrogated 
whether  this  Pueblo  Avould  rebel  in  the  future,  as  it  had 
been  customary  for  them  to  do  in  the  past,  the  deponent 
answered  no;  that  they  were  very  much  terrified,  and,  al- 
though they  were  concerned  with  the  Indians  of  Zia  in 
what  had  occurred  in  the  year  previous,  he  M-as  of  the 
opinion  that  it  would  be  impossible  for  them  to  fail  in 
giving  their  allegiance. 

Whereupon,  His  Excellency,  Don  Domingo  Jironza 
Petriz  de  Cruzate,  granted  them  the  boundaries  herein 
set  forth :  on  the  north  one  league,  on  the  east  one  league, 
on  the  west  one  league,  and  on  the  south  one  league,  to 
be  measured  from  the  four  corners  of  the  temple  which 
stands  in  the  center  of  the  pueblo.  His  Excellency  so 
provided,  ordered,  and  signed  before  me,  the  present  sec- 
retary of  government  and  war,  to  which  I  certify. 

Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate. 

Before  me : 
Don  Pedro  Ladron  de  Guitara, 

Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 

The  Indians  of  Zia  belonged  to  the  Queres  stock.  The 
battle  referred  to  in  this  archive  was  fought  ]iy  General 
Reneros  de  Posada  in  1688.  The  present  village  of  Cia  is 
surrounded  by  ruins  of  old  pueblos.  Espejo  says  (1582) 
"hallamos  otra  provmcia  que  llaman  los  Punames,  que 
son  cinco  jniehlos,  que  Ja  caheeera  se  diee  Sia."  Onate 
calls  them  "el  gran  puehlo  de  Tna." 

Jemez  is  north  of  Zia.  Until  about  1650,  the  Indians 
of  Jemez  inhabited  a  number  of  pueblos  along  the  Jemez 
river.  It  is  probable  that  ten  puelilos  were  then  occupied 
by  the  Jemez.     The  pueblos  of  the  Jemez  were  abandoned 


454  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

after    1622    and    re-occupied    before    1627.     Benavides, 
Memorial,  p.  27,  q,  v. 

The  revolution  of  1680  began  at  Jemez,  and  the  alcalde 
mayor,  Luis  Granillo,  sent  w^ord  to  General  Garcia,  who 
lived  near  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Alburquerque,  to 
come  to  his  aid.  Garcia  had  only  a  very  few  men,  but 
with  them  he  saved  Granillo  and  the  surviving  priest  of 
Jemez,  as  well  as  the  priest  at  the  pueblo  of  Zia  or  Cia,  as 
this  pueblo  is  generally  called  today. 

The  reference  to  what  occurred  at  the  pueblo  of  Zia 
the  year  previous  is  the  assaults  on  the  pueblos  of  Santa 
Ana  and  Zia  in  the  year  1688  by  General  Reneros  de 
Posada,  at  the  time  acting  governor  at  El  Paso,  who  made 
a  dash  into  New  Mexico  and  appeared  before  these  vil- 
lages, demanding  their  surrender;  the  Indians  refused; 
an  assault  was  made,  the  villages  captured,  portions 
burned,  and  some  of  the  Indians  were  incinerated.  It  is 
likely  that  this  event  occurred  in  1687,  because  Reneros 
de  Posada  says  himself  that  it  transpired  on  the  6th  of 
October  of  that  year.  It  is  difficult  to  reconcile  this  state- 
ment as  to  the  year  and  date  with  the  several  certified 
statements  made  by  Cruzate  in  1689,  every  one  of  which 
says  that  this  battle  occurred  the  "yeai"  previous."  Ren- 
eros de  Posada  was  an  officer  under  Cruzate.  There  is  no 
doubt  that  the  pueblo  of  Zia  was  entirely  destroyed  by 
Governor  Cruzate,  and  that  its  destruction  occurred  later 
than  the  making  of  this  grant  to  the  Jemez.  Cruzate 's 
battle  at  Zia  was  undoubtedly  the  bloodiest  of  all  in  the 
re-conquest.  Escalante  says  that  this  battle  took  place 
in  September,  1689 ;  it  is  possibly  so,  but  being  in  El 
Paso  on  September  20,  1689,  Cruzate  would  hardly  have 
had  time  to  lead  his  forces  as  far  north  as  Zia,  and  we 
know  that  he  was  still  in  El  Paso  on  the  25th  of  Septem- 
ber. Grant  to  the  pueblo  of  Pecos,  q.  v.  Escalante  says: 
"Por  Setiemhre  del  ano  siguiente  entro  D.  Domingo 
Gironza  a  la  misma  reducion  de  los  rcheldes.  Tuvo  una 
sangrienta  hatalla  en  el  dicho  puehlo  de  Cia,  en  que  los 
reheldes  se  defendieron  con  tal  valor  y  desesperado  arrojo, 
que  muchos  se  dejaron  quemar  vivos  sohre  los  casas  por 
no  rendirse;  el  numero  de  Queres,  asi  del  dicJio  puehlo 
como  del  de  Santa  Ana,  y  de  otros  que  vinieron  de  socorro 
a  los  sitiados,  que  quedaron  muertos  eni  esta  hatalla,  llego 
a  600  de  amhos  sexos  y  de  diferentes  edades.  Solo  cuatro 
ancianos  se  cogieron  vivos;  en  la  misma  plaza  del  puehlo 
fueron  arcahuzeados. ' ' 

I  have  said  that  the  Jemez  abandoned  their  pueblos  in 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  455 

1622 ;  this  was  done  because  of  the  wars  and  raids  of  the 
Navajos.  They  came  back  in  1627.  because  of  the  protec- 
tion guaranteed  by  Fr.  Martin  de  Arvide.  The  celebrated 
Fr.  Zarate-Salmeron  lived  at  Jemez  in  1618. 

There  is  an  old  church  at  Jemez ;  it  was  probably  built 
subsequent  to  1627. 

Barrionuevo,  an  officer  under  Coronado,  was  the  first 
Spaniard  to  visit  Jemez;  he  was  there  in  1541. 

There  were  two  villages  of  the  Jemez  in  1680,  because 
there  were  two  priests  there,  one  of  whom,  Juan  de  Jesus 
Morador,  was  killed. 

Don  Fernando  de  Arguello,  governor,  hung  twenty- 
nine  of  the  Jemez  on  account  of  their  having  killed  a 
Spaniard.  Governor  Ugarte  put  down  an  incipient  rebel- 
lion among  them.     This  was  in  1650. 

Fr.  Juan  de  Jesus,  killed  in  1680,  was  murdered  at  the 
pueblo  of  the  Jemez  known,  among  the  Indians,  as  Gin- 
seua,  or  San  Diego  de  Jemez,  close  to  the  Jemez  Hot 
Springs.  The  one  who  escaped  with  Granillo  was  Fr. 
Francisco  ]\Iurioz.  The  remains  of  Fr.  Juan  de  Jesus 
were  found  by  De  Vargas  in  1694,  exhumed  and  carried 
to  Santa  Fe  and  buried  with  great  ceremony  in  the  parish 
church.  He  fought  a  battle  there  in  1694;  the  Indians 
offered  desperate  resistance,  but  eighty-four  were  killed 
in  the  engagement,  several  of  them  perishing  in  the 
flames  of  their  burning  dwellings;  he  took  361  prisoners. 
See  Autos  d^  Guerra  De  Vargas,  July  23,  1694,  fol.  60. 
In  1696,  they  killed  another  frayle,  named  Francisco  de 
Casaus.  The  Spaniards  again  attacked  the  Jemez.  and  in 
this  battle,  in  which  the  Spaniards  were  led  by  Captain 
Miguel  de  Lara,  the  Indian,  mentioned  in  the  grant  to 
the  Jemez,  Bartolome  de  0,ieda,  aided  the  Spaniards  and 
led  a  part  of  the  attacking  force ;  his  war-like  conduct  on 
this  occasion  was  very  distinguished.  Forty  Indians 
were  killed. 

With  this  archive  is  found  a  deposition  by  Don  Don- 
aciano  Vigil,  as  follows: 

"Donaciano  Vigil,  late  Secretary  of  the  Territory  of 
New  Mexico,  being  duly  sworn,  declares  that  since  the 
year  1840,  the  period  when  he  received  the  charge  of  the 
public  archives  of  the  Territory  of  New  IMexico  there  were 
no  title-deeds  of  grants  made  to  the  Indian  puehJos  of  New 
Mexico  in  the  archives  under  his  charge  from  that  date 
up  to  the  present  time.  That,  occupying  the  position 
he  did,  as  secretary  as  well  as  recorder  of  public  docu- 


456  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

ments,  and  having  had  occasion  to  examine  them  very  of- 
ten, he  had  every  opportunity  of  knowing  if  they  were  in 
the  archives  or  not.  The  said  deponent  further  says  that 
the  lands  held  by  the  Indian  pueblos  of  Tesuque,  Nambe, 
Santa  Clara,  and  San  Ildefonso,  were  always  recognized 
as  belonging  to  said  Indians,  by  virtue  of  grants  made 
to  them  by  the  authorities  of  the  Spanish  government 
towards  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century.  That  from 
time  immemorial  they  have  continued  in  the  pacific  and 
quiet  enjoyment  of  the  lands  they  occupy  without  any 
question  being  raised  as  to  their  legal  right  thereto. 

"DoNACiANO  Vigil 
"Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me,  this  21st  day  of 
June,  1856.  Wm.  Pelham, 

"Surveyor  General  of  New  Mexico." 

This  affidavit  is  of  importance  (historically)  for  sev- 
eral reasons ;  Vigil  was  a  very  sagacious  man ;  he  was  well 
read ;  took  a  pronounced  interest  in  these  state  papers ; 
if  anyone  knew  anything  about  them  at  that  time  he 
did ;  when  the  office  of  surveyor-general  was  created  in 
1854,  Vigil  assisted  in  going  over  all  of  the  old  archives 
which  had  been  in  his  sole  possession,  for  the  purpose  of 
delivering  to  the  surveyor-general  those  which  were  deem- 
ed of  importance  in  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of 
his  office,  which  was  done ;  it  was  many  years  later  when 
the  archives  not  so  turned  over  to  the  surveyor-general 
were  supposed  to  have  been  burned  and  sold  by  Governor 
Pyle.  I  do  not  believe  that  any  were  so  burned  or  lost 
that  were  of  consequence;  many  were  stolen  and  carried 
off  after  Pyle's  time  —  that  is  certain. 

The  grant  to  the  pueblo  of  Jemez  was  confirmed  by 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  December  22,  1858. 

The  Don  Pedro  Ladron  de  Guevara  who  signs  with 
Cruzate  was  one  of  the  Spanish  officers  who  were  driven 
from  New  Mexico  in  the  revolution  of  1680.  His  full 
name  was  Pedro  Ortiz  Niiio  Ladron  de  Guevara.  [Note 
that  the  archive  shows  "Guitara."  There  was  no  such 
officer.] 

R.  No.  B  PUEBLO  DE  ACOMA. 

Grant.  1689.  INIade  by  Governor  and  Captain-General 
Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate,  September  20th. 
This  archive  is  somewhat  lengthier  and  contains  some 
historical  information  not  found  in  the  archive,  R.  No.  A 
(granttothe   Pueblo  of  Jemez),  so  I  will  give  it  in  full, 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  457 

translated.  As  will  be  seen  it  is  signed  by  Bartolome  de 
Ojeda,  as  well  as  by  the  governor  and  his  secretary. 

1689.  In  the  village  of  our  Lady  of  Guadalupe  del  Paso 
del  Rio  del  Norte,  on  the  twentieth  day  of  the  month  of 
September,  in  the  year  one  thousand  six  hundred  and 
eighty-nine,  his  excellency,  Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de 
Cruzate,  governor  and  captain-general,  stated  that  where- 
as in  the  overtaking  which  was  had  in  the  pueblo  of 
Acoma,  and  the  power  which  he  has  over  the  Queres  In- 
dians and  over  the  apostates  in  New  Mexico,  he  provided 
that  an  Indian  named  Bartolome,  who  was  the  most  con- 
spicuous in  the  battles,  lending  his  aid  everywhere,  and 
surrendered,  having  been  wounded  by  a  ball  and  an  ar- 
row, and  being  already  crippled,  I  ordered  liim  to  state 
the  truth,  and  declare  in  his  confession  the  condition  of 
the  pueblo  of  Acoma  and  that  of  the  other  apostates  in 
that  kingdom,  and  as  the  Indian  is  well  versed  in  the 
Spanish  language,  intelligent,  and  can  read  and  write,  he 
was  examined  before  General  Don  Pedro  Reneros  de  Po- 
sada, who  had  returned  from  New  Mexico,  having  been 
at  the  pueblo  of  Acoma,  and  the  maestro  de  campo. 
Dominguez  ]\Iendoza,  having  also  been  called,  in  order 
that  the  Indian,  Bartolome  de  Ojeda,  might  give  his  name. 

Having  been  asked  if  he  is  disposed  to  confess  the  truth 
as  to  what  he  knew  and  about  which  he  might  be  asked, 
and  having  been  asked  his  name,  of  what  place  he  is  a 
native,  his  age  and  what  office  he  has.  and  whether  he 
knows  the  condition  of  Acoma  and  Laguna,  who  are 
neighbors,  he  said  that  his  name  was  Bartolome  de  Ojeda ; 
that  he  is  a  native  of  the  pueblo  of  Zia,  in  the  province 
of  New  ]\Iexico;  that  he  is  tw,enty-one  or  two  years  of 
age,  more  or  less;  that  he  has  had  no  other  office  than 
that  of  soldier  (warrior)  and  that  he  knows  the  condition 
of  Acoma  and  Laguna  because  he  was  an  ai)ostate  in  the 
Province  of  New  Mexico;  and  this  he  answered. 

Having  been  asked  how  it  happened  that  Laguna  and 
Acoma,  being  neighbors,  disagreed  so  much,  and  how  was 
it  that  they  had  moved  to  the  Pefiol,  being  sucli  arrogant 
Indians,  and  why  had  they  left  their  pueblo,  he  responded 
saying  that  the  Acomas  had  moved  to  the  Pefiol  because 
they  were  very  proud  and  had  moved  to  the  Penol  ])ecause 
of  the  many  wars  these  Pueblos  had,  one  with  tlie  other; 
and  this  was  his  answer. 

Having  been  asked  why  it  was  that  these  Pueblos  lived 
near  to  each  other,  what  agreement  there  was  between 


458  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

them  and  why  they  disagreed,  he  answered  that  Lagiina 
moved  close  to  Acoma  because  of  the  abundance  of  water 
there  was  at  that  pueblo,  but  always  for  the  purpose  of 
collecting  the  surplus  remaining  from  the  pueblo  of  Aco- 
ma ;  and  this  he  answered. 

Having  been  asked  what  are  the  existing  boundaries  of 
Acoma,  and  to  how  much  is  each  pueblo  restricted,  he 
said  that  the  Prieto  mountain  is  on  the  north,  that  the 
Gallo  spring  is  on  the  west,  and  that  the  Cubero  moun- 
tain is  opposite  the  old  pueblo  of  Acoma  and  that  the 
Pefiol  is  on  the  south  side  and  that  when  the  Indian  Poc- 
Pec  (Po-pe)  visited  the  pueblos  he  confirmed  the  above 
because  he  is  an  Indian  of  the  Tegua  nation  and  a  native 
of  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan,  to  whom  all  the  land  gave 
obedience  at  the  time  of  the  insurrection,  and  was  in  com- 
pany with  Alonzo  Catiti ;  and  Don  Luis  Tu-pa-tu,  and 
many  other  chiefs  of  those  pueblos  had  declared  that  the 
water  belonged  to  the  pueblo  of  Acoma,  and  that  Laguna 
was  to  collect  the  surplus  remaining  from  the  pueblo; 
and  this  is  his  answer. 

Having  been  asked  if  he  knows  any  more  than  he  has 
stated,  and  if  Laguna  has  any  other  defense  to  make  con- 
cerning the  water,  he  answered  that  he  had  not;  that  al- 
though the  pueblo  had  removed  to  the  Penol  it  had  not 
lost  its  right  to  the  water,  and  that  the  Laguna  Indians 
were  not  ignorant  of  the  fact  as  it  is  notorious ;  and  that 
what  he  has  stated  is  the  truth,  under  the  oath  which  he 
has  taken,  which  he  affirms  and  ratifies.  This  grant  being 
read  and  explained  to  him  he  signed  it  with  his  excellency, 
the  governor  and  captain-general,  aforesaid,  before  me,  the 
present  secretary  of  government  and  war,  to  which  I  cer- 
tify. Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate 

Bartolome  de  Ojeda 
Before  me : 

Don  Pedro  Ladron  de  Guitara, 

Secretarj^  of  Government  and  War. 

From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  Reneros  de  Posada  '^had 
returned  from  Acoma;"  that  Bartolome  de  Ojeda  had 
been  wounded  with  a  ball  and  an  arrow  and  was  crippled, 
had  surrendered,  having  been  conspicuous  for  his  conduct 
in  battle,  etc.,  why  can  we  not  hai*monize  the  conflicting 
dates  as  to  the  time  when  Zia  was  assaulted  and  destroyed 
by  the  conclusion  that  this  affidavit  and  deposition  was 
made  after  the  return  from  New  IMexico  to  El  Paso  ?  Mr. 
Tipton's  conclusion  that  it  is  spurious  is  the  best  solution. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  459 

It  does  not  necessarily  follow  when  Ojeda  says  of  the 
Jemez  ''and  although  they  were  concerned  with  those  of 
Zia  in  what  had  occurred  in  the  previous  year"  that  he 
had  reference  entirely  to  the  battle  fought  by  Posada ;  he 
may  have  had  in  mind  the  conduct  of  the  several  Pueblo 
tribes  "the  year  previous"  in  which  those  of  his  own 
pueblo  of  Zia  had  a  part. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  there  are  no  "granting"  words 
in  this  instrument,  although  it  is  declared  to  be  a  grant 
"read  and  explained"  to  Ojeda. 

The  grant  was  confirmed  to  the  pueblo  of  Acoma  by 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States  on  December  22,  1858. 

The  three  Indians  mentioned  by  Ojeda  —  Poc-Pec,  Ca- 
tit,  and  Tupatu  —  were  the  leaders  of  the  revolution  of 
1680.  Poc-Pee  is  also  and  more  familiarly  known  as 
Po-pe.  He  was  a  native  of  San  Juan  and  killed  his  son- 
in-law  just  before  the  uprising,  for  fear  that  he  would 
make  known  what  was  going  on  to  the  Spaniards. 

Don  Juan  Dominguez  de  JMendoza  was  lieutenant-gen- 
eral under  Otermin  when  the  latter  made  his  effort  to  re- 
gain the  Province.  He  had  been  an  officer  in  the  army  in 
New  Mexico  for  many  years  prior  to  the  revolt.  He  came 
north  in  1681  as  far  as  Cochiti  and  had  an  interview  with 
Catiti,  who  professed  regret  for  the  events  of  the  year 
before. 

On  January  1,  1682,  Otermin  and  the  invading  army 
having  retired  as  far  south  as  Isleta,  believing  that  they 
could  not  hold  the  province  with  the  force  with  them, 
retired  to  El  Paso. 

Poc-Pec  or  Po-pe  was  an  Indian  of  the  pueblo  of  San 
Juan.  Catiti  belonged  to  Santo  Domingo,  and  Tu-pa-tu 
was  of  the  pueblo  of  Picuries. 

Acoma  is  the  "Hacus"  of  the  Fr.  Marcos.  The  present 
pueblo,  we  may  safely  assert,  was  standing  in  its  present 
location  in  the  fifteenth  century.  Acoma  was  only  aban- 
doned when  the  Indians  went  to  the  Penol.  In  all  prob- 
ability it  is  the  most  ancient  of  the  pueblos  of  New  Mexico. 

It  is  said  that  the  last  settlement  of  this  pueblo  prior 
to  the  one  now  occupied  by  them,  was  upon  the  celebrated 
"Mesa  Encantada"  standing  nearly  in  the  center  of  the 
valley  in  the  southwest  corner  of  which  is  the  Rod;  of 
Acoma.  The  Enchanted  Mesa,  it  is  claimed,  was  acces- 
sible many  centuries  since;  at  some  period  —  entirely  in 
Acoma  tradition  —  dangerous  crevices  made  their  appear- 
ance in  the  road  to  the  top,  and  a  large  number  of  the 


460  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

people  left ;  those  remaining  were  suddenly  deprived  of 
the  power  to  reach  the  plain,  owing  to  a  fall  of  the  rock 
and  those  died  of  hunger.  This  ancient  pueblo  was  reached 
by  Mr.  F.  W.  Hodge,  in  1897,  who  made  the  ascent,  where 
he  found  enough  remains  to  justify  the  tradition  that  a 
pueblo  had  once  stood  on  top  of  the  rock. 

The  use  of  the  water  referred  to  by  Ojeda  was  not  only 
for  domestic,  but  for  purposes  of  irrigation.  These  In- 
dians understood  the  use  of  water  for  irrigation  in  pre- 
Spanish  times.  It  is  true  that  corn  and  beans  did  not 
necessarily  require  irrigation,  as  these  crops  grow  and 
mature  on  the  high  mesas  today  without  water  artificially 
supplied.  Around  ruins,  known  to  be  pre-Spanish,  evi- 
dences of  irrigating  ditches  are  found.  Espejo  in  his  nar- 
rative, says:  '*Y  de  todo  esto  hay  sementeres  de  riego  y 
de  tempor-al  con  muy  buenas  sacas  de  agua  y  que  lo  labran 
como  los  Mexicanos."  The  Acomas  did  not  raise  cotton; 
they  bought  it  either  from  the  Moquis  or  from  the  pueblos 
of  the  Rio  Grande. 

The  Spanish  authorities,  prior  to  the  ''grants"  made 
by  Cruzate,  never  allotted  any  specific  tracts  of  land  to  the 
many  pueblos  in  the  Province. 

Strange  as  it  may  seem,  the  Pueblo  Indian,  while  known 
as  of  sedentary  habits,  thought  nothing  of  abandoning  a 
pueblo  and  building  another  in  a  different  locality,  and  it 
was  doubtless  the  policy  of  Cruzate,  in  making  these  al- 
lotments, to  curb  this  tendency  to  move  and  ramble  about. 
I  do  not  consider  the  word  "sedentary"  as  entirely  satis- 
factory. It  is  true  that  they  were  agriculturists  and  built 
permanent  homes,  i.  e.,  permanent  until  something  might 
happen  which  induced  them  to  move  and  change  their 
habitations;  the  great  number  of  ruins  are  no  index  of  a 
great  population ;  one  hundred  Pueblo  Indians  were  capa- 
ble of  building  twenty-five  pueblos  (villages)  in  a  century; 
if  by  chance  anything  happened  to  his  water  supply, 
forthwith  he  moved ;  if  his  pueblo  was  sacked  by  enemies, 
he  built  another,  but  rarely  in  the  same  place.  All  of  this 
finds  abundant  documentary  proof. 

The  Pueblos  have  always  contended  that  they  hold  their 
lands  by  titles  even  superior  to  that  of  the  United  States 
government,  and  that  they  are  absolute  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  and  have  managed  themselves  and  their 
affairs  for  hundreds  of  years,  having  built  up  customs  and 
a  local  form  of  municipal  government  consisting  of  a  vast 
number  of  officials,  each  of  whom  has  a  special  duty  to 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  461 

perform  with  regard  to  the  management  and  control  of 
the  internal  affairs  of  the  pueblos. 

These  views  are  referred  to  in  some  of  the  decisions  of 
the  supreme  court  of  New  Mexico  deciding  Pueblo  mat- 
ters, as  witness  the  following  quotation  from  a  decision 
rendered  by  Kirby  Benedict,  chief  justice,  in  the  case  of 
De  la  0  vs.  The  PuehJo  de  Acoma,  decided  in  1857,  viz: 

"Having  closed  our  view  of  the  merits  of  this  case,  we 
may  be  indulged  in  reflecting  that  of  the  highly  interest- 
ing causes  we  have  had  to  consider  and  determine  during 
the  present  session,  this  is  the  second  in  which  this  Pueblo 
has  been  the  party  complainant.  The  first  keenly  touched 
the  religious  affections  of  these  children  of  the  Rock  of 
Acoma.  They  had  been  deprived  by  neighboring  Pueblos 
of  the  ancient  likenesses  in  full  painting  of  their  patron 
or  guardian  saint.  San  Jose.  However  much  the  philoso- 
pher or  more  enlightened  Christian  may  smile  at  the 
simple  faith  of  these  people  in  their  supposed  immediate 
and  entire  guardian  of  the  Pueblo,  to  them  it  Avas  a  Pillar 
of  Fire  by  night  and  a  Pillar  of  Cloud  by  day,  the  with- 
drawal of  whose  light  and  shade  crushed  the  hopes  of 
these  sons  of  IMontezuma  and  left  them  victims  to  doubt, 
to  gloom  and  fear.  The  cherished  object  of  the  venera- 
tion of  their  long  line  of  ancestors,  this  court  permanently 
restores,  and  by  this  decree  confirms  to  them,  and  throws 
around  them  the  shield  of  the  law's  protection  of  their 
religious  love,  piety  and  confidence.  In  this  case  the  title 
that  Spain  had  given  this  people,  confirming  to  them  the 
possession  and  ownership  of  their  lands,  and  the  rock  up- 
on which  they  have  so  long  lived,  was  found  in  the  hands 
of  one  professing  to  be  of  a  better  instructed  and  more 
civilized  race,  and  turned  by  him  into  the  means  of  ex- 
tortion and  money  gathering  from  the  inoffensive  in- 
habitants. 

"It  is  gratifying  to  us  to  be  the  judicial  agents  through 
which  an  object  of  their  faith  and  devotion,  as  well  as  the 
ancient  manuscript,  that  is  the  written  evidence  that  es- 
tablished their  ancient  rights  to  their  soil  and  their  rock, 
are  more  safely  restored  and  confirmed  to  their  possession 
and  keeping." 

In  early  times  the  Acomas,  among  other  ceremonial 
dances,  performed  the  Snake  Dance,  similar  to  the  one 
now  given  by  the  Moquis.  Don  Antonio  Espejo  saw  one 
of  these  dances  at  Acoma — "nicieronnos  un  mitote  }) 
haile  muy  solemne,  saliendo  la  gente  mmj  galana  y  hacicn- 


462  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

do  nmchos  juegos  de  manos,  algunos  dellos  artificios  con 
vivoras  vivas,  que  era  cosa  de  ver  lo  uno  y  le  otro." 

The  Indians  of  Acoma,  under  the  leadership  of  a  chief 
named  Zutucapan,  conspired  to  kill  Don  Juan  de  Ofiate 
at  the  time  of  his  visit  to  the  pueblo  by  enticing  him  into 
an  estufa.     Ofiate  declined  to  be  trapped. 

Later  on  these  Indians  had  an  encounter  with  Zalvidar, 
a  lieutenant  under  Onate,  in  which  Zalvidar  was  slain  by 
Zutucapan ;  this  fight  occurred  on  top  of  the  rock  of 
Acoma ;  when  Zalvidar  was  slain,  five  surviving  Spaniards 
fled  to  the  brink  of  the  mesa  and  leaped  down,  four  of 
them  reaching  the  plain  alive.  Don  Vicente  Zalvidar,  a 
brother  of  Juan  who  had  been  slain,  resolved  to  avenge 
the  death  of  his  brother.  In  a  battle  which  lasted  three 
days,  the  Indians  were  decisively  defeated,  the  buildings 
of  the  pueblo  were  partially  burned,  and  hundreds  killed 
each  other  rather  than  yield  to  the  Spanish  arms.  Oiiate 
says  that  Acoma  had  about  three  thousand  population 
at  this  time,  of  whom  only  six  hundred  survived.  This 
battle  occurred  on  the  22d,  23d,  and  24th  of  January, 
1599. 

R.  No.  C  PUEBLO  OF  SAN  JUAN. 

Grant.  September  25,  1689,  made  by  Governor  and  Cap- 
tain-General Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate. 
The  paper  is  signed  by 

Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate. 

Bartolome  de  Ojeda. 
Don  Pedro  Ladron  de  Guitara, 
Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 

Ojeda  says  that  this  pueblo  was  the  first  to  rebel  in 
1680.  That  all  of  the  San  Juan  Indians  were  well  versed 
in  the  Spanish  language  and  could  read  and  write  and 
that  at  the  time  of  the  first  conquest  they  had  saved  the 
life  of  their  missionary. 

Additional  evidence  that  Ojeda 's  affidavit  is  spurious. 
In  1708,  it  is  shown  by  a  number  of  trials  for  witchcraft 
that  numbers  of  these  Indians  could  not  read  or  write. 

This  grant  was  confirmed  to  the  pueblo  by  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States  on  the  22d  day  of  December,  1858. 
The  boundaries  are:  on  the  north,  the  Rio  Bravo  del 
Norte,  completing  one  league  on  both  sides  of  the  river, 
measuring  from  the  northern  comer  of  the  temple  of  the 
pueblo  on  the  east,  and  on  the  west  one  league  and  on  the 
south  one  league. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  463 

The  text  of  this  archive  is  practically  the  same  as  that 
of  Archive  R,  No.  A. 

Almost  directly  opposite  this  pueblo  is  the  place  where 
Don  Juan  de  Oiiate  established  his  capital  in  1598,  at  the 
place  called  San  Gahnel  del  Yunque.  Torquemada  says 
{Monarquia,  vol.  i,  p.  672)  :  "Bespachados  Don  Juan  de 
Onate,  y  los  suios,  para  la  Jornada  del  Nuevo  Mexico, 
siguieron  su  camino,  en  demanda  de  aquellas  tierras,  en 
llegando  a  aquellas  partes,  tomaron  posesion  por  el  Rei, 
en  ellas,  y  el  Puehlo  donde  Bon  Juan  de  Onate,  Gover- 
nador,  y  Capitan  General  de  esta  entrada,  Itizo  asiento  y 
puso  su  Real,  se  llama  San  Gabriel  el  qual  sitio  esta  en 
treinta  y  siete  grados  de  altura  del  norte,  y  esta  S'ituado 
entre  dos  rios,  y  con  las  aguas  del  menor  de  los  dos,  so 
riegan  los  tngos,  cevada  y  maiz  .  .  .  El  otro  rio  es 
grande,  que  llaman  del  Norte,  ques  es  de  mucho,  y  muy 
buen  pescado.'^ 

The  first  irrigation  ditch  constructed  by  the  Spaniards 
in  New  INIexico  was  built  by  the  colonists  under  Onate  and 
the  water  was  taken  out  of  the  Chama  river  at  this  point. 
The  first  capital  of  New  Mexico  was  here,  and  because  the 
inhabitants  of  Yunque  gave  up  their  pueblo  to  the  colon- 
ists and  settled  in  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan,  across  the  Rio 
Grande,  they  were  known  as  the  pueblo  of  San  Juan  de 
los  Caballeros. 

The  pueblo  of  Yunque  was  visited  by  nearly  all  the 
earlier  Spanish  explorers  or  some  of  their  soldiers  and 
captains. 

The  town  of  Chamita  of  today  stands  close  to  the  old 
pueblo  of  Yunque.  I  believe  the  place  called  ^^Pueblito'' 
across  the  river  from  San  Juan  is  very  close  to  the  old 
pueblo  of  Yunque;  Pueblito  is  owned  by  Indians  of  San 
Juan. 

Oiiate  moved  the  capital  from  this  place  to  Santa  Fe 
about  the  year  1605. 

The  settlers  of  Santa  Cruz  at  one  time  tried  to  obtain 
a  grant  of  the  old  pueblo  of  Yunque. 

R.  No.  D  PUEBLO  OF  PICURIES. 

Grant.  September  25,  1689.  Made  by  Governor  and 
Captain-General,  Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cru- 
zate,  at  El  Paso.     The  archive  is  signed  by 

Don  Domingo  Jironza  Pp:triz  de  Cruzate. 

Bartolome  de  Ojeda. 
Don  Pedro  Ladron  de  Guitara, 
Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 


464  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

The  text  is  almost  identical  with  that  of  Archive  R. 
No.  C.  The  Indians  are  declared  by  Ojeda  to  be  of  a  very 
rebellions  spirit. 

The  boundaries  of  the  grant  are — one  league,  north, 
east,  south,  and  west,  measured  from  the  four  corners  of 
the  temple  situated  on  the  western  side  of  the  village. 

The  grant  was  confirmed  by  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  on  the  22d  day  of  December,  1858. 

The  Rio  del  Pueblo  and  the  Rio  Penasco  unite  about 
a  mile  below  the  pueblo  of  Picuries.  This  pueblo,  so 
far  as  inhabitants  are  concerned,  is  now  a  very  small  af- 
fair.    It  is  situate  in  a  beautiful  spot. 

Tu-pa-tu,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  revolution  of  1680 
w^as  a  native  of  this  pueblo. 

The  mission  at  this  pueblo  was  called  San  Lorenzo  de 
Picuries.  The  priest  who  was  murdered  by  the  Indians 
here  in  1680  was  the  Rev.  P.  Fr.  Mathias  Rendon. 

When  the  Indians  made  their  attack  on  Santa  Fe,  dur- 
ing the  first  day's  fighting  Otermin  was  successful,  but 
on  the  day  following  the  Tehuas  of  the  north  and  from 
Picuries,  led  by  Tu-pa-tu,  arrived  and  Otermin  retired  in- 
to the  old  palace,  where  he  was  under  siege  for  five  days. 
The  besiegers  numbered  over  three  thousand ;  they  burned 
the  church  and  the  convent;  also  the  chapel  of  San 
Miguel.  On  the  20th  Otermin  determined,  with  his 
small  force,  to  make  a  desperate  assault  upon  the  be- 
siegers; he  did  so,  killing  three  hundred  and  capturing 
about  fifty,  who,  when  their  depositions  had  been  taken, 
were  shot. 

During  the  siege  the  Spanish  loss  was  five  killed,  but 
many  were  wounded,  including  Otermin.  On  the  21st  it 
was  determined  to  abandon  the  city,  which  was  done; 
their  departure  was  not  disturbed  by  the  Indians  who 
watched  them  from  the  surrounding  hills.  They  marched 
south  by  way  of  the  pueblo  of  Santo  Domingo,  on  the 
Galisteo",  where  they  found  the  bodies  of  three  friars  and 
five  other  Spaniards  who  had  been  murdered. 

The  frayles  whose  bodies  were  found  at  Santo  Do- 
mingo were  those  of  Fr.  Francisco  Antonio  Lorenzana,  a 
native  of  Galicia;  Fr.  Juan  de  Talaban,  custodio  habit- 
ual, a  native  of  Seville,  who  had  been  a  missionary  al- 
most twenty  years  and  Fr.  Joseph  de  Montesdoca,  a  na- 
tive of  Queretaro, 


<y^>^^a^^ 


Facsimile  of  Sigiiatuie 
of  Don  Facondo  Melgares, 
Governov  of  Ne  v  Mexico, 
1818-1822. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of 
Colonel  Antonio  Narbona, 
Governor  of   New   Mexico. 


C>^ 


\Xyf^VCl^C4X.<.^ 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of 
Don  Francisco  Sarraciuo,  Gov- 
ernor of  New  Mexico 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of 
General  Don  Manuel  Armijo, 
Governor  of  Nc.v  Mexico. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Govern- 
or Francisco  Xavier  Cliavez,  1822-23. 


Facsimile   of   Signature   of    Colonel 
Albino  Perez,  Governor  of  New  Mexico 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don 
Mariano  Martinez,  Governor  of 
New  Mexico. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  465 

R.  No.  E  PUEBLO  OF  SAN  FELIPE. 

Grant.     September   20,    1689.     Made   by   Grovernor   and 
•Captain-General  Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate, 
at  El  Paso.     The  archive  is  signed  by 

Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate. 
Bartolome  de  Ojeda. 
Don  Pedro  Ladron  de  Guitara, 
Secretary    of    Government   and   War. 

The  text  is  almost  identical  with  that  of  Archive  R. 
No.  A.  The  boundaries  as  given  are:  on  the  north,  the 
Bosque  Grande  which  is  toward  the  east,  and  on  the  east 
one  league,  and  on  the  west  one  league,  and  on  the  south 
a  little  grove  which  is  in  front  of  a  hill  called  Culcura, 
opposite  the  fields  of  the  Indians  of  Santa  Ana. 

The  grant  was  confirmed  to  the  pueblo  of  San  Felipe 
by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  December  22,  1858. 

The  San  Felipe  Pueblos  were  Queres.  The  present  vil- 
lage is  not  built  upon  the  site  of  the  ancient  village.  The 
old  pueblo  was  built  at  the  foot  of  the  mesa  of  Tamita. 
In  1607,  Fr.  Cristobal  Quiiiones  was  at  this  pueblo.  He 
built  the  first  mission;  he  died  there  in  1609,  and  was 
buried  in  the  church  which  had  been  erected  under  his 
supervision.  In  1636,  Fr.  Cristobal  de  Quiros  was  located 
here;  he  was  father  custodian  of  the  Franciscans.  The 
Indians  occupied  the  original  site  until  three  years  after 
the  revolt  in  1680. 

When  De  Vargas  came  in  1692,  he  found  them  on  top 
of  the  Black  Mesa,  just  above  their  present  village.  The 
old  ruin  which  one  sees  on  top  of  this  mesa,  just  after 
crossing  the  big  arroyo  which  comes  down  from  Tunqiie, 
is  all  that  is  left  of  the  church  which  was  built  in  1694. 

When  Otennin  and  the  refugees  came  down  the  Rio 
Grande  valley  by  way  of  Santo  Domingo  they  passed  by 
this  place.  No  frayles  or  Spaniards  were  murdered  at 
San  Felipe  in  1680;  all  of  the  Indians  of  San  Felipe  had 
gone  to  Santo  Domingo,  where  the  missionaries  referred 
to  in  notes  to  Archive  R.  No.  D  lived;  they  served 
Cochiti,  Santo  Domingo,  and  San  Felipe;  these  Indians, 
however,  murdered  many  Spaniards  between  San  Felipe 
and  the  site  of  the  present  town  of  Algodones.  As  Oter- 
mfn  passed  down  the  valley  great  numl)ers  of  the  In- 
dians watched  them  from  the  top  of  the  Black  Mesa. 

There  is  nothing  left  of  the  old  pueblo  which  stood  at 
the   foot   of   Tamita.     The    Tunque   arroyo   has   washed 


466  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

everything  into  the  Rio  Grande.  The  confluence  of  the 
arroyo  with  the  Rio  Grande  is  only  a  short  distance  above 
the  present  pueblo. 

The  ruins  on  top  of  the  mesa  are  quite  extensive,  al- 
though the  pueblo  was  not  a  very  large  one.  The  name 
of  this  ruined  pueblo  is  Katishtya. 

In  1696,  at  the  time  of  the  second  rebellion  of  the 
Pueblos,  a  frayle  from  the  neighboring  pueblo  of  Cochiti 
fled  to  tills  pueblo  of  Katishtya  and  was  saved  by  the 
San  Felipe  Indians  from  death ;  his  name  was  Fr.  Alonzo. 
There  is  a  complete  list  of  the  frayles  serving  here  from 
1696  to  date.  The  register  is  quite  valuable;  it  is  the 
book  showing  the  interments  by  this  mission. 

R.  No.  F  PUEBLO  OF  PECOS. 

Grant.  El  Paso.  September  25,  1689.  Made  by  Gover- 
nor and  Captain-General  Don  Domingo  Jiron^a  Petriz  de 
Cruzate.     The  archive  is  signed  by 

Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate. 
Bartolome  de  Ojeda. 
Don  Pedro  Ladron  de  Guevara, 
Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 

The  exact  wording  of  this  archive  is  as  follows: 
1689.  En  el  Pueblo  de  Nrs.  Sa.  de  Guadalupe  del 
Passo  del  Bio  del  Norte,  en  veinte  y  cinco  dias  del  mes  de 
Septe.  de  mil  sessientos  y  ochenta  y  nueve  anos,  el  Senor 
Gouer.  y  Capn.  Genl.  Dn.  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de 
Cruzate,  dijo  que  por  quanta  en  el  alcanze  que  se  did 
en  los  de  la  Nueva  Mexco.  de  los  Yndios  Queres,  y  los 
Apostatas,  y  los  Teguas  y  de  la  nacion  Thanos,  y  despues 
de  haver  peleado  con  todos  los  demas  Yndios  de  todos 
pueblos,  un  Yndio  del  Pou.  de  Zia,  llamado  Bartolome 
de  Ojeda  que  fue  mas  se  senalo  en  la  vatalla  a  cudiendo 
a  todas  partes,  se  rindio  biendose  herido  de  un  valaso  y  un 
flechasso  lo  cual  como  dicho  es,  mande  que  denajo  de 
juramto.  declare  como  se  halla  el  Puo.  de  Pecos,  aim 
queda  muy  metido  a  honde  el  sol  sale  y  fueron  unos  Yndios 
Apostatas  de  aquel  reino  de  la  Nueva  Mexico. 

Preguntando :  que  si  este  Puo.  volvera  en  algun  tiempo, 
como  ha  sido  costumbre  en  ellos,  y  disc  el  confesante  que 
no;  que  ya  est  a  muy  metido  en  temor  que  aunque  estaban 
abila7itados  con  lo  que  habia  susedo  a  los  de  el  Puo.  de 
Zia  en  ano  pasado  jusgana  que  era  un  i^iposible  que  dejar- 
an  de  dar  la  obediencia;  por  lo  cual  se  consedieron  por  el 
Senor  Gouer.  y  Capn.  Genl.  Dn.  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  467 

de  Cruzate,  los  Undei'os  que  aqui  anoto;  para  el  norte  una 
legua,  y  para  el  oriente  una  legua,  y  para  el  poniente  una 
legua,  y  para  el  sur  una  legua;  y  medidus  estas  cuatro  lin- 
eas  de  las  cuatro  esquinas  del  Puo.  dejando  a  salus  el 
templo  que  queda  al  medio  dia  del  Puo.,  y  asi  lo  proveyo, 
mando  y  firnio  su  ssa.  a  mi  el  presente  Secretario  de  gouer. 
y  guerra,  que  de  ello  doi  fee. 

Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate. 

Bartolome  de  Ojeda. 
Don  Pedro  Ladron  de  Guitara, 
See.  de  Gn.  y  Gua. 

There  is  nothing  left  of  this  old  pueblo  today  other  than 
the  debris  of  the  fallen  walls;  these  are  leveled  to  the 
ground;  the  old  wall  which  surrounded  the  pueblo  may 
be  traced  by  the  stones;  the  old  church  is  also  a  ruin;  a 
portion  of  the  walls  remains.  The  last  of  the  Indians  of 
the  pueblo  is  still  alive  living  at  Jeraez,  where  the  few 
remnants  of  the  pueblo  migrated  in  1835.  Disease  and 
attacks  from  the  Vte,  Apache,  and  Comanche  destroyed 
the  people.  Its  name  was  Tshiquite  and  was  first  visited 
by  the  Spanish  officer,  Hernando  de  Alvarado,  in  1540. 
Espejo  visited  it  in  1583,  and  descended  the  Pecos  river 
from  this  locality.  Castaiio  de  Sosa  was  here  in  1590-91 ; 
he  called  the  Pecos  river  the  "/S^a/ado. "  Castaiio  as- 
saulted the  pueblo  because  the  Indians  had  fought  with 
some  of  his  soldiers  who  were  on  a  scouting  expedition. 
It  is  not  believed  that  Castaiio  assaulted  the  large  pueblo 
of  Pecos  but  one  of  the  smaller  ones,  possibly  that  known 
as  Ruedas,  which  lies  near  Rowe  station  on  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Railway;  this  pueblo  is  just  about 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  Pecos  river. 

The  church  at  Pecos  was  one  of  the  finest  in  New  Mex- 
ico ;  it  is  said  to  have  had  six  towers  at  one  time. 

Francisco  Vasquez  Coronado  visited  the  pueblo  several 
times;  when  he  left  the  country  for  Mexico,  one  of  the 
Franciscan  frayles  remained  behind  at  this  place;  it  is 
not  known  what  was  his  fate ,  he  was  doubtless  murdered 
by  the  Indians. 

In  1680,  these  Indians  revolted  and  killed  their  mis- 
sionary, Fr.  Domingo  de  Vera,  who  was  a  native  of  the 
City  of  Mexico. 

Fr.  Ayeta,  who  escaped,  being  in  Mexico  at  the  time, 
gives  a  list  of  the  frayles  who  perished  in  the  revolution ; 
also  some  biographical  information;  the  full  list  is  given 


468  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

in  a  funeral  sermon  delivered  in  the  City  of  Mexico  one 
year  after  the  revolt. 

Four  da.ys  after  the  revolt  commenced  the  Spaniards 
ascertained  that  five  hundred  of  the  Pecos  and  other  east- 
ern Pueblos  were  on  their  way  to  Santa  Fe;  on  the  15th 
of  August,  1680,  these  Indians  were  seen  in  the  "mt7pas" 
of  San  Miguel,  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  chapel  of  that 
name,  in  the  present  City  of  Santa  Fe. 

One  of  the  Indians,  Juan,  entered  the  city  and  told  the 
Spaniards  they  could  no  longer  remain  in  the  country; 
they  must  leave  or  fight;  Governor  Otermin  determined 
to  fight  and  began  the  engagement  which  lasted  all  day 
and  resulted  in  favor  of  the  Spaniards. 

The  Pecos  Indians  say  that  they  came  from  the  south- 
east, but  their  origin  was  in  the  north;  they  spoke  the 
same  language  as  the  Jemez  and  were  their  kinsmen. 
Harrington  says  they  were  not. 

The  Pecos  Indians  were  buffalo  hunters  and  traded  their 
buffalo  hides  with  the  Pueblos  living  farther  south  and 
west.  The  Pecos  also  bartered  with  the  plains  Indians  for 
hides,  which  they  in  turn  traded  with  the  Indians  to  the 
west. 

This  grant  to  the  Pecos  Indians  was  confirmed  by  Con- 
gress long  after  every  Indian  had  left  the  pueblo.  It  is 
now  the  property  of  D.  C.  Collier,  who  has  given  the 
Archaeological  School  at  Santa  Fe  a  deed  to  the  site  of 
the  old  pueblo  and  church. 

"With  this  archive  is  filed  another  which  is  a  report 
from  a  committee  of  the  Territorial  Deputation,  ap- 
pointed to  investigate  and  report  upon  a  petition  filed 
with  the  Deputation  by  the  Indians  of  Pecos  asking  that 
the  Mexican  settlers  on  the  Pecos  river  be  required  to 
vacate  and  restore  to  the  Indians  the  lands  which  they 
have  taken. 

Date,  1825.  Pino    [rubric] 

Arze    [rubric] 
Baca   [rubric] 

The  name  of  this  pueblo  was  Cicuye,  which  was  prob- 
ably the  Tigua  name  for  it.  It  was  during  the  adminis- 
tration of  Oiiate  that  a  mission  was  first  established  at 
Pecos.  Pecos  was  the  Keresan  name  of  the  pueblo.  In 
the  Sixteenth  century  they  occupied  several  pueblos  in  and 
adjacent  to  the  Pecos  river  beginning  at  a  point  near  the 
present  Pecos  town  and  extending  as  far  down  the  river 
possibly  as  La  Cuesta.     It  is  claimed  also  that  they  had 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  469 

a  pueblo  near  the  old  Spanish  town  of  Golden,  in  Santa 
Fe  county.  The  old  ruins  near  Ojo  de  Vaca  have  not 
been  certainly  identified  as  having  been  occupied  by  these 
Indians,  although  living  in  such  close  proximity. 

No.  R.  G  PUEBLO  DE  COCHITI. 

Grant.  1689.  Made  by  Governor  and  Captain-General 
Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate,  September  25th, 
at  El  Paso.     Signed 

Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate. 
Bartolome  de  Ojeda. 
Before 
Don  Pedro  Ladron  de  Guitara, 
Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 

The  text  of  this  archive  is  practically  the  same  as  that 
of  R.  No.  A. : 

The  Cochiti  were  Queres.  There  are  many  ruins  in  the 
Canada  de  Cochiti. 

Close  by  is  the  celebrated  Potrero  Viejo.  There  is  a 
settlement  of  Mexican  people  in  the  caiiada.  The  title  to 
the  lands  held  by  the  Mexicans  dates  1728,  when  a  grant 
was  made  to  them  by  Governor  and  Captain-General  Juan 
Domingo  de  Bustamante.  See  this  grant  —  Merced  de  la 
Canada  de  Cochiti  —  in  office  of  surveyor-general.  The 
Mexicans  were  always  troubled  by  the  Navajo  until  about 
the  time  of  the  American  Occupation.  It  was  tempo- 
rarily abandoned  in  1835,  owing  to  the  Navajo  attacks. 

About  a  mile  below  the  settlement  are  found  the  ruins 
of  the  pueblo  called  Qua-pa.  There  is  not  much  left  to 
this  ruin,  and  from  all  indications  it  is  much  older  than 
those  on  the  potrero.  The  Indians  claim  that  their  an- 
cestors moved  from  Qua-pa  to  their  present  village  in  the 
valley  of  the  Rio  Grande.  It  is  believed  that  the  ances- 
tors of  the  Cochiti  at  one  time  lived  and  occupied  the 
dwellings  and  pueblos  in  the  valley  of  the  Rito  de  los 
Frijoles.  They  were  driven  out  of  the  Rito  by  the 
Tehuas. 

It  is  my  opinion  that  the  Queres  of  Cochiti  inhabited 
the  caiiada,  as  did  also  the  Indians  of  San  Felipe  and 
that  it  was  from  the  Canada  that  they  finally  moved  to 
their  present  village.  The  oldest  men  of  the  pueblo  have 
told  me  this.  De  Vargas  found  the  Queres  of  Cochiti 
and  of  San  Felipe  and  the  Tanos  of  the  pueblo  of  San 
Marcos  on  the  potrero  in  1692.    They  also  told  him  they 


470  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

had  come  there  because  of  their  enemies,  the  Tehuas,  Tanos, 
and  the  Picuries. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  from  the  time  the  Spaniards 
were  driven  out  in  1680,  there  was  a  great  period  of  hostil- 
ity between  these  various  tribes  of  the  Pueblos. 

This  particular  locality  is  very  important  in  the  deeds 
of  the  reconquistadores  under  General  De  Vargas.  The 
present  village  of  Cochiti  was  occupied  as  early  as  1598. 
Doc.  de  Indias,  vol.  xvi,  p.  102.  q.  v.  Vetancurt  in  his 
Cronica  says  that  it  was  located  "aZ  lado  izquierdo  del 
Bio  del  Norte  tres  leguas  de  Santo  Domingo."  They  re- 
tired to  the  Canada  when  they  received  word  that  Oter- 
min  was  on  his  way  back  to  re-conquer  the  country.  The 
maestro  de  campo  states,  1681,  that  an  Indian  told  him 
at  San  Felipe  '^Al  qual  le  pregunto  en  su  lengua  por  la 
gente  del  pueblo,  y  respondio  haberse  ido  huyendo  a  la 
Cieneguilla,  6  Pueblo  de  Cochiti." 

Mendoza  was  taken  to  task  by  Otermin  because  of  his 
retreat  from  Cochiti  in  1681.  Mendoza  knew  his  force 
was  too  small  to  risk  a  battle  with  these  Indians  and  re- 
treated to  the  pueblo  of  Puara,  near  Bernalillo. 

When  Otermin  went  back  to  El  Paso  in  1681,  the  pueb- 
los were  all  re-occupied  by  the  Indians  in  this  vicinity. 

When  De  Vargas  visited  them  in  1692,  they  all  prom- 
ised to  give  in  their  allegiance,  with  which  statements  De 
Vargas  was  satisfied. 

When  De  Vargas  returned  to  New  Mexico,  in  1693,  the 
people  of  Cochiti  had  not  kept  their  agreement  and  were 
still  on  the  potrero  along  with  those  Tanos  of  San  Mar- 
cos. De  Vargas  fought  several  very  severe  engagements 
before  he  succeeded  in  reducing  these  people.  It  was  in 
one  of  these  that  the  Indian  of  Zia,  Bartolome  de  Ojeda, 
distinguished  himself.  The  battle  was  fought  on  the  17th 
of  April.  It  was  Ojeda  that  showed  a  new  trail  by  which 
the  potrero  could  be  ascended.  Escalante,  in  his  Ee- 
lacion,  p.  160,  gives  a  detailed  report  of  this  fight;  he 
says:  "Cayeron  e7i  gran  numero  y  cercaron  el  pueblo, 
pusieron  a  los  nuestros  en  gran  aprieto  y  como  los  nues- 
tros  eran  tan  pocosa  atendian  y  solamente  a  defender  las 
bocas  calles  del  pueblo,  y  asi  tuvieron  lugar  de  huir  ciento 
cincuenta  de  los  prisioneros ;  lo  cual  visto  por  los  reveldes, 
se  retiraron  juzgando  que  ya  habian  librado  a  todos  sus 
hijos  y  mugeres." 

Escalante  refers  to  a  fight,  in  the  nature  of  a  surprise 
to  the  Spanish  troops,  which  occurred  after  the  potrero 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  471 

had  been  gained  and  the  Indians  defeated.  In  this  sur- 
prise De  Vargas  lost  150  of  his  prisoners  or  ^^Chusma." 
This  was  only  about  one-half  of  the  Indians  captured  in 
the  fight  of  the  preceding  17th ;  tliis  surprise  occurred  on 
the  20th.  De  Vargas  burned  the  pueblo  on  the  potrero 
before  he  left  for  Santa  Fe  and  it  was  never  again  oc- 
cupied. 

R.  No.  H  PUEBLO  OF  SANTO  DOMINGO. 

Grant.     September  20,  1689. 

Made  by  Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate,  Gov- 
ernor and  Captain-General,  at  El  Paso. 

The  wording  in  this  grant  is  practically  the  same  as  in 
the  others;  the  translation  on  file  is  very  poorly  done. 
The  archive  is  signed  by 

Don  Domingo  Jironza  Petriz  de  Cruzate. 
Bartolome  de  Ojeda. 
Certified  before 
Pedro  Ladron  de  Guitara, 

Secretary  of  Government  and  War. 

The  boundaries  as  given  are:  On  the  north  the 
Lomas  Pelados  —  barren  hills,  near  a  rivulet  running 
from  where  the  sun  rises,  and  empties  into  the  Rio  Bravo 
del  Norte,  and  to  the  east  some  water  which  is  said  to 
be  the  property  of  Alonzo  Catiti,  near  a  white  hill  of 
alabaster,  and  to  the  west  a  little  hill  which  is  on  the 
bank  of  the  dry  bed  of  a  stream  and  where  there  is  a  cave 
on  the  south,  to  the  side  of  a  hill  having  the  name  of 
Blanca  Pelado  towards  the  east. 

The  Indians  of  Santo  Domingo  are  of  very  pugnacious 
disposition ;  they  resent  any  interference,  in  any  way, 
with  any  of  their  customs  or  manners. 

There  never  has  been  a  time  in  the  history  of  New 
Mexico  when  the  inhabitants  of  this  pueblo  may  have  been 
considered  tractable. 

When  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Railway  was 
built,  the  located  line  was  surveyed  and  built  through  the 
lands  of  these  people  in  the  valley  of  the  Rio  Grande; 
being  a  community  grant,  there  was  no  way  in  which  the 
title  could  be  obtained  by  the  railway  company  except  by  a 
proceeding  to  condemn;  this  was  done,  the  attorney  for 
the  United  States  appearing  for  the  pueblo ;  a  decree  was 
made  and  the  company  paid  into  court  the  sum  of  fifteen 
hundred  dollars  for  the  right  of  way ;  this  money  the  In- 
dians refused  to  accept  and  it  remained  in  the  custody  of 


472  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

the  court  for  nearly  twenty  years,  when  Mr.  C.  J.  Cran- 
dall,  Indian  agent,  persuaded  the  Indians  to  accept  the 
money. 

At  one  time,  some  of  the  Indians  of  this  pueblo  were 
constantly  stealing  ties,  bridge  timbers,  and  other  material 
from  the  railway  company;  they  were  caught,  tried,  and 
convicted  and  sent  to  jail  at  Alburquerque ;  this  did  no 
good ;  one  day  the  governor  of  the  pueblo,  who  was  a  very 
honest  man,  said  to  the  writer,  who  was  attorney  for  the 
company, ' '  the  next  time  you  catch  any  of  the  Indians  steal- 
ing the  property  of  the  company,  try  them  before  the  jus- 
tice of  the  peace,  and  if  convicted,  send  them  to  me,  not 
to  the  jail  at  Alburquerque;"  "they  like  to  be  sent 
there,"  said  he,  "but  I  will  show  you  how  to  break  off 
this  thievery."  In  a  short  time  two  Indians  were  de- 
tected, duly  tried  and  convicted,  and  turned  over  to  the 
governor,  who,  having  summoned  his  capitan  de  la  guer- 
ra,  or  chief  of  police,  tied  the  Indians  to  a  stake  in  front 
of  the  kiva  of  the  pueblo  and  proceeded  to  administer  to 
them  one  hundred  lashes  which  were  laid  on  with  great 
force ;  there  has  never  been  any  stealing  of  company  prop- 
erty since  that  time  by  these  Indians. 

The  Indians  of  Santo  Domingo  formerly  lived  at  a  place 
called  Guy-pu-y,  the  ruins  of  which  lie  about  five  miles 
south  of  the  settlement  of  Pena  Blanca,  in  Sandoval 
county.  These  ruins  are  nearly  two  miles  east  of  the 
railway  station  called  ''Domingo-/^  they  are  upon  the 
bank  of  the  Galisteo  river.  The  waters  of  the  Galisteo 
(floods)  destroyed  the  pueblo  of  Guypuy. 

Castaiio  de  Sosa  visited  this  pueblo  and  made  it  his  head- 
quarters; he  says  that  it  stood  on  the  banks  of  the  Rio 
Grande.  The  pueblo  of  Santo  Domingo  which  was  visited 
by  Juan  de  Oiiate,  in  1598,  stood  very  nearly  where  the 
present  village  is  situate.  Otermin  when  he  left  the 
country,  in  1680,  also  says  that  the  village  at  that  time 
stood  on  the  river  bank,  east  side. 

The  first  church  built  in  Santo  Domingo  was  built  by 
the  Fr.  Juan  de  Escalona,  who  was  commissary  of  the 
Order  of  Franciscans ;  he  died  at  Santo  Domingo  and  was 
buried  in  the  church  which  he  had  built.  The  location  of 
this  church  building  can  not  now  be  ascertained;  it  was 
built  in  1607  and  has  been  washed  away  by  the  floods 
from  the  Galisteo. 

This  village  was  visited  by  Major  Pike  in  1807  and  by 
General  Kearny  in  1846. 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  473 

The  Indians  of  Santo  Domingo  have  always  been  averse 
to  the  education  of  the  children,  particularly  the  educa- 
tion provided  for  since  the  American  Occupation.  They 
endeavor  in  every  way  to  prevent  any  of  the  young 
people  going  to  the  Indian  school  at  Santa  Fe  or  the  one 
at  Alburquercfue.  It  was  always  a  difficult  matter  to  get 
any  to  go  to  Carlisle. 

There  is  a  government  school  at  this  pueblo  which  was 
established  in  1896.  The  attendance  of  children  at  this 
school  when  it  was  first  opened  was  very  disappointing; 
the  '^principales"  would  not  permit  any  of  the  girls  of 
the  pueblo  to  attend  the  school.  The  Indian  agent,  at  that 
time  an  army  officer,  visited  the  pueblo  for  the  purpose 
of  an  inspection  and  noticing  that  there  were  no  girls  at 
the  school,  asked  the  governor  why  this  state  of  affairs 
existed;  the  governor  replied,  "Education  might  be  all 
very  well  for  boys,  but  it  wouldn't  do  for  girls,  who  as 
soon  as  they  got  educated  wanted  to  run  off." 

These  Indians  are  great  dancers;  they  have  a  great  feast 
on  the  4th  of  August  of  each  year.  Wlien  some  of  the 
more  religious  dances  are  carried  on  they  will  not  allow 
anyone,  not  a  member  of  the  pueblo,  to  remain  in  the 
village.  They  are  also  very  much  averse  to  having  pic- 
tures taken  of  any  of  their  ceremonial  dances,  and  bv 
force  have  driven  persons  off  the  pueblo  lands  who  have 
sought  to  take  pictures,  breaking  their  cameras  if  unable 
to  get  rid  of  them  in  any  other  manner.  They  are  very 
jealous  of  the  secret  mysteries  of  their  dances. 

On  the  evening  of  the  3d  of  August  church  services 
are  held  in  the  mission  church ;  this  service  is  always  well 
attended  by  the  Indians.  The  Indian  w^omen  spread 
handkerchiefs  or  towels  on  the  adobe  floor,  upon  wliich 
they  kneel,  so  that  their  neat  clothing  is  in  nowise  soiled ; 
the  men  take  off  the  head-bands  which  they  usually  wear 
instead  of  hats.  The  walls  of  the  church  are  decorated 
with  rude  paintings  of  corn  plants,  some  with  birds 
perched  on  the  ears  of  corn ;  in  several  places  one  sees 
rude  pictures  of  the  moon  and  stars  and  other  symbols 
understandable  only  to  the  Indian,  The  altar  is  very 
crude  and  simple;  its  decorations  tawdry,  but  they  are 
the  best  the  Indians  can  afford. 

On  the  4th,  it  is  the  custom  to  perform  wedding  cere- 
monies; at  this  service  also  women  come  in  w4th  great 
baskets  of  bread  which  they  take  to  the  altar  as  an  offer- 
ing ;  when  the  mass  is  over  a  procession  is  formed  and  the 


474  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Indians  march  to  an  open-air  altar  in  the  street;  acolytes 
head  this  procession  and  just  behind  an  image  of  Santo 
Domingo  is  carried  under  a  muslin  canopy.  Behind  these 
come  officers  of  the  church  and  then  the  Indians  —  Pu- 
eblos, Apaches,  Navajos,  Mexicans,  Americans  who  may  be 
visiting  here  at  the  time  and  who  are  helping  to  celebrate 
the  feast.  Out  in  the  street  on  the  rude  altar  the  image 
of  the  saint  is  placed  and  it  is  guarded  by  four  Indians 
armed  with  muskets. 

About  noon  eight  dancers  appear  on  the  roof  of  one  of 
the  kivas  of  the  pueblo  and  execute  some  very  peculiar 
evolutions,  whereupon  they  descend  and  march  around 
the  streets  of  the  village.  These  are  called  Koshare ;  they 
are  what  Mr.  Bandelier  calls  the  Delight-makers.  Every- 
where they  go  they  make  fun  for  the  multitude,  crack 
jokes  and  cut  up  all  sorts  of  antics.  The  dancers  are 
almost  naked;  the  arms  are  painted  white  and  black  in 
stripes ;  so  is  almost  all  of  the  body ;  a  band  of  everegreen 
encircles  the  waist ;  there  are  fur  wristlets  on  the  forearm 
and  bands  of  fur  are  crossed  upon  the  breast;  the  face 
is  painted  like  a  mask  —  hideous  to  behold,  and  there  are 
black  marks  around  the  eyes  and  mouth;  the  hair  is 
drawn  up  and  parted  in  two  masses  above  his  ears,  and 
carries  decorations  of  com  shucks;  in  one  hand  is  carried 
a  gourd  rattle  and  clusters  of  deer  and  sheep  hoofs  are 
around  the  waist;  pretty  soon  he  goes  back  into  the  kiva. 
Presently,  from  another  kiva,  come  more  Koshare,  and 
these  announce  the  coming  of  the  dancers ;  these  look  like 
the  Delight-makers,  only  they  have  evergreens  instead  of 
fur  on  their  breasts  and  the  faces  are  striped  longitudin- 
ally in  black  and  brown,  and  the  hair  is  in  one  mass  above 
the  head  and  carries  feather  and  corn  decorations.  When 
these  have  marched  around  a  bit,  there  comes  a  band  of 
about  sixty  singers  and  one  tombe  beater  from  behind  an 
estufa  or  kiva;  following  them  comes  a  man  with  a  long 
pole,  on  which  is  tied  a  scarf  —  a  sort  of  standard,  from 
which  also  float  many  feathers  and  some  skins  of  foxes  are 
hung  on  the  pole ;  following  him.  come  ninety  dancers  all 
in  ceremonial  garb ;  the  women  are  in  black  with  red 
waistbands,  and  green  tablets  stand  upright  on  the  head 
of  each;  they  carry  bunches  of  cedar  or  piilon;  the  hair 
is  loose  and  their  wrists  are  daubed  with  luminous  paint; 
the  bodies  of  the  men  are  painted  a  sort  of  reddish  brown 
from  the  waist  up  and  from  the  knees  down,  but  the  fore- 
arm and  thigh  are  painted  white  with  lines  on  them ;  about 


THE  SPANISH  AKCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  475 

the  hips  they  wear  ceremonial  skirts  and  sashes  with 
knotted  fringes,  and  in  the  hand  of  each  is  a  gourd  rattle, 
in  the  other  bunches  of  cedar  or  pifion ;  the  hair  is  loose 
and  is  ornamented  with  feathers;  on  their  feet  are  moc- 
casins trimmed  with  white  and  black  fur.  In  front  and 
behind  from  the  waist  hang  beautiful  fox  and  coyote  skins 
and  around  their  necks  all  sorts  of  beads  are  strung. 

The  dancers  march  to  the  open  space  left  for  them  and 
begin  to  dance,  while  the  chorus  gives  the  music.  The 
standard  bearer  is  the  leader,  or  seems  to  be,  for  every 
once  in  a  while  he  lowers  the  pole,  and  every  time  tliis 
is  done  the  figure  changes;  the  women  advance,  retreat, 
and  wheel  around  with  short  steps ;  their  forearms  are  out- 
spread, their  bodies  erect,  their  feet  keeping  perfect  time 
to  the  chorus ;  the  men  do  not  keep  time ;  they  hop  and 
skip  around,  shout  and  shake  their  gourds;  all  is  very 
graceful,  however,  and  they  make  no  mistakes  in  the 
figures,  and  these  are  very  complicated. 

Altogether  this  dance  is  a  very  quaint  and  weird  per- 
formance. 

The  authority  for  making  these  grants,  in  the  manner 
in  which  they  seem  to  have  been  made,  and  the  grant  to 
the  puchlo  of  Sandia,  as  well,  is  to  be  found  in  the  Royal 
Cedulua  of  June  4,  1687,  two  years  prior  to  Cruzate's  al- 
leged acts  at  El  Paso. 

An  extract  from  the  decree  mentioned  is  as  follows: 
"Whereas,  as  in  my  Royal  Council  of  the  Indies,  they 
are  ad\ased  that  the  Marques  de  Falces  (Don  Gaston  de 
Peralta)  Conde  de  San  Estevan,  Viceroy  of  the  Province 
of  New  Spain,  issued  an  ordinance  on  May  28,  1567,  by 
which  he  ordered  that  each  of  the  Indian  Pueblos  as 
might  need  lands  upon  which  to  live  and  sow,  should  have 
given  to  them  five  hundred  varas,  and  more  should  it  be 
necessary;  and  that  from  that  time  forward  there  should 
not  be  granted  to  anyone  lands  or  grounds  unless  they 
should  be  located  a  thousand  varas,  cloth  or  silk  measure, 
away  from  and  separate  from  the  pueblos  and  houses  of 
the  Indians,  and  the  lands  five  hundred  varas  removed 
from  said  settlement,  as  is  obvious  from  the  evidence  of 
said  ordinance  which  has  reached  the  council  —  have  been 
contrary  to  custom,  order  and  practice  —  have  been  en- 
croached upon  by  owners  of  estates  and  lands,  thereby  de- 
priving the  Indians  of  them,  and  seizing  upon  them  some- 
times violently,  sometimes  fraudulently,  for  which  cause 


476  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

the  miserable  Indians  have  lost  their  houses  and  towns, 
which  is  what  the  Spaniards  seek  for  and  desire ;  and  ob- 
taining these  thousand  or  five  hundred  varas,  which  have 
to  be  apart  from  the  towns  they  measure  from  the  church 
or  public  house  (ermita)  which  the  people  generally  have 
in  the  center  of  the  place,  and  which  happens  to  compre- 
hend in  them  the  whole  plat  of  the  town,  whereby  they 
lose  what  had  been  given  to  them,  it  being  necessary  to 
understand  the  last  five  hundred  varas  by  the  four  winds, 
which  is  arranged  and  commanded  in  the  Laws  XII  and 
XVIII,  title  xii,  lib.  iv  de  la  Nueva  Recopilacion  de  In- 
dies; and  on  account  of  the  many  difficulties,  losses,  and 
injuries  which  thus  befell  these  poor  natives,  it  has  been 
thought  proper  to  command  that  such  Indian  Pueblos  as 
might  need  lands  to  live  upon  and  cultivate,  should  have 
given  them  not  only  five  hundred  varas,  as  the  said  or- 
dinance provides,  but  whatever  might  be  necessary,  meas- 
uring them  from  the  farthest  limits  and  houses  of  the 
place,  outwards  by  the  four  winds  —  thus  five  hundred 
varas  east,  as  many  west,  north  and  south,  leaving  always 
the  plat  of  the  pueblos  included  as  vacant  place,  giving 
these  five  hundred  varas  of  land  not  only  to  the  chief  or 
capital  pueblo,  but  all  the  rest  that  may  ask  for  and  need 
them,  as  well  in  the  pueblos  already  inhabited  as  those 
which  might  hereafter  be  founded  and  peopled;  so  that 
thus  all  might  have  land  to  cultivate,  and  upon  which 
their  flocks  may  graze  and  feed,  it  being  just  and  of  my 
royal  charity  to  have  a  regard  for  the  Indians,  who,  I  am 
informed,  suffer  so  much  injustice  and  trouble  in  view  of 
their  being  those  who  render  more  services,  and  enriching 
my  royal  crown  and  all  my  vassals;  with  which  design, 
and  seeing  what  in  view  of  them  and  the  said  testimony 
and  Laws  XII  and  XVIII  of  the  Nueva  RecovHacion  de 
Indies,  the  acting-general  of  my  said  council  of  the  In- 
dies has  said  and  alleged,  I  have  thought  it  best  to  order 
and  command,  as  by  these  presents  I  do,  that  in  con- 
formity with  the  ordinances  which  the  Viceroy,  conde  de 
San  Esteban  formed  and  decreed  on  the  24th  of  Mav. 
1567,  and  the  compiled  laws  referred  to,  that  there  shaU 
be  given  and  assigned  generally  to  all  the  Indian  Pueb- 
los of  New  Spain  for  their  farming  lands,  not  only  the 
five  hundred  varas  around  the  place  of  settlement,  and 
these  measured  from  the  church,  but  from  the  farthest 
house  of  the  place,  as  well  eastward  as  westward  as  north 
and  south ;  and  not  only  the  said  five  hundred  varas,  but  a 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  477 

hundred  varas  more,  up  to  full  six  hundred  varas;  and 
should  the  place  or  settlement  be  more  than  ordinarily 
contracted,  and  should  not  seem  sufficient  for  all,  my 
Viceroy  for  New  Spain,  and  my  Royal  Court  of  Mexico, 
shall  take  care,  as  I  now  charge  and  command  them  to 
do,  to  set  them  apart  a  much  larger  quantity,  and  they 
shall  mark  off  and  assign  to  the  said  place  and  settlements, 
as  many  more  varas  of  land  as  shall  be  necessary,  without 
limitation. 

' '  And  as  regards  the  pasture  land,  it  is  my  will  and  or- 
der that  there  shall  not  only  be  separated  from  the  settle- 
ment and  Indian  places,  the  thousand  varas  mentioned  in 
the  said  Ordinance  of  May  24,  1567,  but  even  a  hundred 
varas  more,  and  that  these  one  thousand  one  hundred 
varas  shall  be  measured  from  the  last  house  of  the  settle- 
ment or  place,  and  not  from  the  church." 

This  was  a  decree  of  Felipe  II,  originally,  and  was  re- 
newed by  Carlos  II. 

There  seems  to  be  small  doubt  today  that  the  alleged 
grants  made  to  the  Pueblo  Indians  by  Governor  and 
Captain-General  Don  Domingo  Jironza  Cruzate,  at  El 
Paso,  in  1689,  are  spurious.  There  can  also  be  no  doubt 
that  had  this  fact  been  known  to  Congress  when  these 
"grants"  were  confirmed  and  later  patented,  such  action 
would  not  have  been  based  upon  the  so-called  "grants," 
copies  of  which  I  have  given  on  previous  pages.  It  is  not 
believed,  however,  that  Congress  would  have  refused  to 
confirm  to  the  several  pueblos  their  "league"  of  land. 
The  fact  that  each  pueblo  was  entitled  to  a  league  of 
land  seems  to  be  beyond  question,  as  many  of  the  archives, 
petitions  for  other  lands  made  to  the  several  governors 
and  captain-generals,  always  recognize  the  "league"  of 
the  Indians  whenever  it  appeared  that  there  was  apt  to 
be  a  conflict  as  to  boundaries. 

After  the  organization  of  the  court  of  private  land 
claims  and  the  attorney  for  that  court  had  become  more 
or  less  familiar  with  the  archives,  signatures  of  officers, 
historical  data,  etc.,  aided  by  his  able  assistants,  he  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  every  one  of  the  El  Paso  papers 
bearing  the  signature  of  Cruzate,  Ojeda,  and  others  were 
forgeries.  This  discovery  was  made  by  Mr.  Will  M.  Tip- 
ton, a  recognized  authority  on  such  matters. 

Mr.  Tipton  has  prepared  a  resume  in  regard  to  all  of 
the  "Pueblo  Grants,"  the  first  to  be  prepared  in  such 
concise  form  and  for  that  reason  given  here  as  follows: 


478  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

Pueblo  of  Jemez. 

There  are  two  Spanish  documents  in  this  ease,  dated  in 
1689,  and  both  are  spurious;  as,  in  fact,  are  all  the  grants 
in  New  Mexico  which  purport  to  have  been  made  to  In- 
dian Pueblos  in  that  year. 

It  was  surveyed  in  1859   for  a   fraction  over  17,510 
acres  and  was  patented  in  1864. 
Pueblo  of  Acoma. 

There  is  one  Spanish  document  in  this  case,  dated  1689. 
It  refers  to  the  Laguna  Indians  having  moved  near  to 
the  Acomas  on  account  of  the  water  which  the  latter  had 
for  irrigating.  This  statement  purports  to  have  been  made 
in  the  year  1689,  whereas,  it  is  a  well-established  histor- 
ical fact  that  the  pueblo  of  Laguna  was  not  in  existence 
at  that  date  and  was  not  founded  until  ten  years  later. 

It  was  surveyed  in  1877  for  a  fraction  over  95,791  acres 
and  was  patented  November  19,  1877. 

Pueblo  of  Safi  Juan. 

There  are  two  Spanish  documents,  both  of  1689,  neither 
of  which  is  genuine.  Document  "B"  refers  to  the  pueblo 
of  Laguna  ten  years  before  it  was  founded.  The  grant 
was  surveyed  in  1859  for  a  fraction  over  17,544  acres  and 
was  patented  in  1864. 

Pueblo  of  Picunes. 

The  Spanish  muniment  in  this  case  is  also  dated  in  1689 
and  is  not  genuine.  The  grant  was  surveyed  in  1859  for 
a  fraction  over  17,460  acres  and  was  patented  in  1864. 

Pueblo  of  San  Felipe. 

The  Spanish  document  marked  "A,"  dated  1689,  is 
not  genuine.  The  Spanish  document  marked  "B,"  dated 
1770,  formerly  with  this  case,  is  a  genuine  document 
and  has  been  transferred  to  Private  Land  Claim  Reported 
No.  142,  the  Santo  Domingo  and  San  Felipe  Grant.  The 
grant  was  confirmed  December  22,  1858,  surveyed  in  1859 
for  a  fraction  over  34,766  acres,  and  patented  in  1864 ;  it 
was  re-surveyed  in  1907  for  a  fraction  over  33,692  acres. 

Pueblo  of  Pecos. 

The  Spanish  document  "A,"  dated  1689,  is  not  gen- 
uine. The  Spanish  document  marked  "B,"  which  is  a 
report  of  a  conunittee  of  the  Territorial  Deputation  of 

New  Mexico,  see  page ,  is  a  genuine  document.    The 

document  was  probably  executed  between  1828  and  1830. 
The  grant  was  surveyed  in  1859  for  a  little  over  18,763 
acres  and  was  patented  in  1864. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  479 

Pueblo  of  Cochiti. 

The  Spanish  document,  dated  in  1689,  is  not  genuine. 
The  property  was  surveyed  in  1859  for  a  fraction  over 
24,256  acres  and  was  patented  in  1864. 
Pueblo  of  Santo  Domingo. 

The  Spanish  documents  in  this  case  are  lettered  from 
"A"  to  "H"  inclusive.  All  of  these  are  genuine,  ex- 
cept document  "G,"  1689,  which  is  spurious.  This  docu- 
ment contains  several  phrases  that  are  taken  bodily  from 
the  Ojeda  sabre  Nuevo  Mejico,  by  Antonio  Barreyro, 
Puebla,  Mexico,  1832. 

This  fact  seems  to  show  that  the  date  at  which  this 
document,  alleged  to  have  been  written  in  1689,  was  ac- 
tually written  was  not  earlier  than  1832. 

The  grant  was  surveyed  in  1859  for  a  small  fraction 
over  74,743  acres  and  was  re-surveyed  in  1907  for  an 
area  of  a  little  more  than  92,398  acres.  It  was  patented 
in  1864. 

Pueblo  of  Taos. 

There  is  no  granting  document  in  this  case  and  the  testi- 
mony of  the  Taos  Indians,  taken  before  the  surveyor-gen- 
eral, August  2,  1856,  shows  that  they  did  not  have  any 
grant  for  their  pueblo  lands. 

The  only  Spanish  paper  in  the  case  is  a  letter  from 
Governor  Alberto  Maynez  to  Rev.  Fr.  Jose  Benito  Perey- 
ro,  the  priest  at  Taos,  dated  April  15,  1815,  informing  the 
latter  that  the  governor  had  received  his  letter  of  the  11th 
of  that  month,  in  regard  to  the  measurement  of  the  "Taos 
League"  and  that  he  had  issued  a  decree  on  April  15, 
1815,  to  the  chief  alcalde  of  that  district  in  regard  to  the 
matter.  See  Archive  1357.  The  grant  was  confirmed  De- 
cember 22,  1858,  was  surveyed  the  followig  year  for  a  frac- 
tion more  than  17,360  acres  and  was  patented  in  1864. 

Pueblo  of  Santa  Clara. 

There  is  no  Spanish  dccument  in  this  case  and  the  testi- 
mony of  the  Indians  themselves,  taken  before  the  sur- 
veyor-general, June  16,  1856,  shows  that  the  witnesses  had 
never  seen  any  grant,  although  the  old  men  of  the  pueblo 
said  that  there  had  been  such  a  grant,  which  had  been  lost. 

It  was  surveyed  in  1859  for  a  little  over  17,368  acres  and 
was  patented  in  1864. 

Pueblo  of  Tesuque. 

There  is  no  Spanish  document  in  this  case.  The  tes- 
timony of  witnesses  taken  June  14,  1856,  before  the  sur- 


480  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

veyor-general,  shows  that  what  they  refer  to  as  the  ''title 
deeds  to  the  pueblo"  were  taken  from  the  Indians  by  the 
Mexican  government  to  have  copies  made  of  them,  with  a 
view  to  their  validation,  the  originals  being  much  torn  and 
that  the  papers  were  never  returned  to  them.  The  grant 
was  surveyed  in  1859  for  17,471  acres  and  was  patented 
in  1864. 

Piiehlo  of  San  Ildefonso. 

There  is  no  Spanish  document  in  this  case.  The  testi- 
mony of  the  Indian  witnesses,  taken  before  the  surveyor- 
general  in  1856,  shows  that  the  grant  which  the  Indians 
claim  to  have  had,  was  taken  to  Santa  Fe  by  the  priest  of 
the  pueblo,  whose  name  was  Tagle,  for  the  purpose  of  hav- 
ing a  certified  copy  made  of  it,  the  original  being  torn  and 
scarcely  legible  and  that  it  was  never  again  seen  by  the 
Indians;  they  do  not  fix  the  date  of  this  occurrence,  but 
say  "This  took  place  many  years  ago." 

The  grant  was  confirmed  in  1858,  surveyed  in  1859  for 
a  fraction  over  17,292  acres,  and  patented  in  1864. 

Pueblo  of  Pojoaque. 

There  is  no  Spanish  document  in  this  case.  The  In- 
dians testified,  June  28,  1856,  before  the  surveyor-general 
that  about  forty  years  prior  to  that  date  the  "title  deed" 
of  the  pueblo  was  presented  in  evidence  in  a  suit  between 
the  pueblo  and  a  Mexican,  which  suit  was  tried  before  Bau- 
tista  Vigil,  the  alcalde  of  Chimayo,  and  that  the  document 
had  not  again  been  heard  of.  The  grant  was  confirmed  in 
1858,  was  surveyed  in  1859  for  a  fraction  over  13,520  acres, 
and  was  patented  in  1864, 

Puehlo  of  Z'm. 

The  Spanish  document  marked  "A"  dated  1689,  is  not 
genuine.  The  document  marked  "2"  is  apparently  an 
English  translation  of  the  Spanish  document  "A,"  in 
private  land  claim  "TT,"  in  the  name  of  the  pueblos  of 
Zfa,  Santa  Ana,  and  Jemez.  The  grant  was  confirmed  in 
1858,  along  with  the  other  pueblo  grants,  was  surveyed  in 
1859  for  a  fraction  over  17,514  acres,  and  was  patented  in 
1864. 

Pueblo  of  Sandia. 

The  two  Spanish  documents  in  this  case  are  geniune. 
The  grant  was  confirmed  in  1858,  surveyed  in  1859  for  a 
fraction  over  24,187  acres,  and  was  patented  in  1864. 

Pueblo  of  Isleta. 

There  is  no  Spanish  document  in  this  case.     The  testi- 


tyl^b-Mctv   cyyta^'yv.e/^ 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don  Alberto  Maynez, 
Governor  of  New  Mexico 


Facsimile    of    Signature    of    Don    Joaquin    Eeal 
Aleneaster,  Governor  of  New  Mexico.  1805-1808. 


Facsimile  of  Signature  of  Don  .Joseph  Manriqne,   Governor  of  New 
Mexico,  1810-1811. 


fya2w^7n£  h(^(^' 


Facsimile   of   Signature   of    General    Bartolome 
Baca,  Governor  of  New  Mexico,   182.3,   1825 


THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO   481 

mony  of  the  Indians,  taken  before  the  surveyor-general  in 
1856,  shows  that  the  grant  had  been  deposited  in  the  ar- 
chives of  the  Territory,  and  that  a  man  named  Miguel  An- 
tonio Lobato  had  told  the  Indians  that  not  long  before  he 
had  the  grant  in  his  hands ;  that  it  was  in  the  possession  of 
a  man  at  Polaverda  or  Socorro,  etc.  The  grant  was  sur- 
veyed in  1859  for  a  fraction  over  110,080  acres,  and  was 
patented  in  1864. 

Puchlo  of  Nanihe. 

There  is  no  Spanish  document  in  this  case.  The  Indians 
testified  before  the  surveyor-general,  September  29,  1856, 
that  the  grant  was  delivered  to  the  acting  governor  of  the 
Territory  in  connection  with  a  case  in  which  some  Mexican 
citizens  were  alleged  to  have  trespassed  upon  the  lands  of 
the  Indians  and  was  never  thereafter  seen  or  heard  of.  It 
was  confirmed  in  1858,  surveyed  in  1859  for  a  fraction  over 
13,586  acres  and  resurveyed  in  1903  for  a  little  over  13,590 
acres,  and  was  patented  in  1864. 

Puchlo  of  Laguna. 

The  two  Spanish  documents  in  this  case  (A  and  B)  are 
both  dated  1689  and  are  spurious. 

One  reason  for  the  belief  that  document  "B"  is  not 
genuine  is  that  on  its  fourth  page  is  a  disconnected,  ram- 
bling statement  in  regard  to  matters  more  or  less  intimately 
connected  with  the  early  history  of  New  Mexico,  written 
in  the  same  hand  as  the  three  preceding  pages  and  con- 
taining a  number  of  statements  couched  in  precisely  the 
same  words  as  those  found  in  the  book  entitled  Ojeada 
sohre  Nuevo  Mejico,  Antonio  Barreyro,  op.  cit.  In  fact, 
the  first  four  words  on  page  4  of  document  "  B  "  are  those 
which  form  the  name  of  the  book  —  ^'Ojeada  sohre  Nuevo 
Mejico,'"  which  means  "Glance  over  New  Mexico." 

"The  contents  of  this  fourth  page  of  document  'B,'  " 
says  Mr.  Tipton,  "has  nothing  to  do  with  a  grant  to 
the  pueblo  of  Laguna ;  the  handwriting  establishes  the 
fact  that  it  was  written  by  the  same  person  who  wrote 
the  so-called  grant  of  1689 ;  its  contents  shows  that  it 
contains  statements  taken  bodily  from  a  book  published 
in  1832 ;  the  signatures  of  the  governor,  his  secretary  and 
the  Indian  witness,  Bartolome  Ojeda,  are  in  the  same 
handwriting;  the  signature  of  the  governor,  when  com- 
pared with  his  signatures  on  Archive  1  and  Archive  1124, 
in  the  U.  S.  Survej^or-General's  Office,  at  Santa  Fe,  and 
with  others  on  numerous  documents  formerly  in  the  Ter- 
ritorial Library  at  Santa  Fe  and  now  in  the  Library  of 
Congress,  in  Washington  City,  are  clearly  shown  to  be 


482  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 

spurious;  the  surname  of  the  secretary  who  purports  to 
sign  the  alleged  grant  with  the  governor  appears  as 
'GuiTARA, '  while  it  is  a  well  known  fact  that  no  person 
of  that  name  filled  that  position  at  that  or  any  other 
period  in  New  Mexican  history.' 

"In  view  of  the  present  status  of  this  case  these  state- 
ments in  regard  to  this  paper  may  not  be  important,  but 
they  are  true ;  as  it  is  also  true  that  all  the  Indian  grants 
in  New  INIexico,  purporting  to  have  been  made  in  1689, 
were  WT-itten  by  the  same  hand  which  wrote  this  so-calleS 
grant  to  Laguna,  and  are  equally  spurious." 

The  claim  Qf  a  grant  based  on  this  document  "B"  was 
recommended  to  Congress  by  the  surveyor-general  for 
confirmation  on  November  22,  1872,  but  Congress  took  no 
action. 

A  preliminar\^  survey  was  made  in  1877  for  an  area  of 
more  than  125,000  acres. 

Many  years  later  the  claim  was  filed  in  the  court  of 
private  land  claims  and  confirmation  was  sought  upon 
the  same  basis. 

Inasmuch  as  the  United  States  attorney  for  the  court 
of  private  land  claims  was  convinced  from  the  investiga- 
tion he  had  made  that  the  pueblo  of  Laguna  was  not 
founded  until  1699  —  ten  years  after  the  date  of  the 
muniment  in  question,  he  informed  the  attorney  for  the 
Indians  that  he  was  prepared  to  prove  that  that  docu- 
ment was  not  genuine. 

After  making  an  investigation  the  attorney  for  the  In- 
dians, becoming  convinced  that  he  could  not  establish  the 
geunineness  of  the  paper,  abandoned  the  attempt  to  do 
so  and  proceeded  upon  an  entirely  different  theory  in  the 
trial  of  the  case.  The  court  confirmed  the  grant  in  Oc- 
tober, 1897.  Under  the  decree  of  the  court,  it  was  sur- 
veyed for  an  area  of  a  fraction  more  than  17,328  acres 
and  patent  issued  in  1909. 

Pueblo  of  Santa  Ana. 

There  is  no  Spanish  document  in  this  case.  The  In- 
dians, so  they  testified,  had  a  "tradition"  that  they  once 
had  a  document  or  grant,  but  it  had  become  mislaid.  The 
grant  was  confirmed  in  1869  and  was  surveyed  in  1876 
for  a  fraction  over  17,360  acres.  It  was  patented  April 
25,  1883. 
Puehlos  of  Zia,  Santa  Ana,  and  Jeniez. 

This  grant  was  made  jointly  to  the  three  pueblos  by 
the  Spanish  governor  of  New  Mexico  in  1766. 


THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  483 

The  granting  decree  shows  that  the  object  of  the  grant 
was  to  provide  the  Indians  with  lands  for  "pasturing  the 
stock  and  horses  of  the  aforesaid  three  pueblos." 

The  surveyor-general  approved  the  claim  February  2, 
1874,  and  recommended  it  to  Congress  for  confirmation. 
No  action  was  taken  on  the  recommendation.  In  1877,  a 
preliminary  survey  was  made  for  an  area  covering 
382.849  acres. 

The  claim  was  filed  with  the  court  of  private  land  claims 
and  in  August,  1883,  the  case  was  tried  and  the  claim  re- 
jected. 

Pueblo  of  San  Cristohal. 

The  Spanish  document  in  this  case  is  not  genuine.  There 
are  no  other  papers  except  a  translation  into  English  of 
the  spurious  document.  The  pueblo  was  abandoned  many 
years  ago.  It  was  situated  near  Galisteo  and  was  aban- 
doned some  time  after  the  revolution  of  1680.  They 
moved  to  a  place  above  the  site  of  the  present  town  of 
Santa  Cruz,  near  the  present  pueblo  of  San  Juan. 

Puehio  of  Zuni. 

There  are  two  Spanish  papers  in  this  case.  The  one 
dated  1689  is  spurious.  The  claim  was  approved  by  the 
surveyor-general  in  1879,  but  Congress  never  acted  upon 
the  claim.  The  surveyor-general  believed  that  the  sig- 
nature of  Governor  Cruzate  was  genuine.  The  claim  was 
never  tiled  with  the  court  of  private  land  claims.  The 
grant  was  surveyed  in  1880  for  an  area  of  17,581  acres. 


484  THE  SPANISH  AECHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


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THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  485 


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486  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


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488  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


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THE  SPANISH  AECHIA^ES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  489 


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THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO  491 


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492  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  XEW  MEXICO 

-.        oao  o       (MC'q-^o       lcolo       «       —  'occ  occ       o       ooooj 

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INDEX 


INDEX 


Abadiano,  Bias,  434 

Abalos,  Pedro  de,  1 

Abalos,  Antonio  de,  2 

Abenbua,  Lucas  de,  7 

Abeytia,  Antonio  de,  205 

Abiquiu,  inhabitants  of,  25,  26,  27,  re- 
settlement, 28,  31,  32,  43,  76,  77, 
pueblo,  141,  re-settlement,  324,  329 

Abrego,  Juan  de,  93,  113,  370 

Abreu,  Marcelino,  215,  298 

Abreu,  Eamon,  32,  122 

Abreu,  Santiago,  46,  62,  354 

Aeoma,  pueblo,  180,  181,  456-462,  478 

Aganza,  Jose  Balentin  de,  100 

Aguilar,  Eusebio  de,  133 

Aguilar,  Juan  Bautista,  193 

Aguilar,  Juan  de,  30,  193 

Aguilar,  Luis,  66 

Aguilar,  Nasario,  de,  33 

Aguilar  y  Lopez,  49 

Aguilera,  Antonio  de,  5 

Aguilera  y  Issasi,  Antonio,  97,  104, 
145,  187 

Alameda,  people  of,  27,  29,  166 

Alameda  tract,  heirs  of,  29,  99,  166, 
310,  328,  381 

Alamillo,  re-settlement,  345,  350 

Alamo  de  Culebra,  70 

Alamo,  rancho,  50,  71,  126 

Alaraguia,  Jose,  181 

Alari,  Juan  Antonio,  112,  190,  239 

Alari,  Manuel,  113 

Alarid,  Ignaeio,  29 

Alarid,  Jesus  Maria,  50 

Alarid,  Jose  Antonio,  30 

Alarid,  Jose  Ignaeio,  28 

Alarid,  Jose  Nejiomuceno,  33 

Alarid,  Jose  Eamon,  32,  49,  323,  373 

Alba,  Agapito  de,  30 

Alburquerque,  29,  30,  66,  68,  ranches, 
371 

Alburquerque,  Duke  of,  petition  as  to 
soldiers,  391 

Alcala,  Lucas  Manuel  de,  239 

Alderete,  Juan  de,  5 

Alderete,  Joaquin  de,  28 

Alencaster,  Joaquin  Rael  de,  governor, 
166,  180,  181,  434 


Alire,  Juan  Lorenzo,  33,  164 

Alire,  Miguel  de,  105,  178 

Alire,  Tomas,  29 

Allande,    Pedro     Maria   de,    governor, 

30,  77,  180,  435 
Altamira,  Marques  de,  324 
Altaniirano,  Antonio  Tafoya,  25 
Alto  del  Pino  del  Virgen,  120 
Alvarez  del  Castillo,  Juan  Miguel,  141 
Alvarez,  Manuel,  329,  citizenship,  etc., 

339-342 
Alvear,  Tomas  de,  176 
Alvear  y  Collado,  Tomas  de,  41,  292 
Analco,  36,  37 
Analla,  Antonio,  143 
Anaya  Almazan,  Francisco,  5,  147,  288 
Anaya  Almazan,  Juana  de,  356 
Anaya,  Francisco  de,  27 
Anaya,  Juan  de,  153 
Ancon  del  Tejedor,  81 
Angel,  Francisco,  20 
Angel,  Francisco  Xavier,  20 
Angel,  Jose  Manuel,  33 
Angel,  Manuel,  33 
Angel,  Marcial,  28 
Angostura,  34 
Ansures,  Salvador,  32 
Ansures,  Teresa,  19 
Anton  Qiico,  grant,  267,  268,  269 
Anza,  Juan  Bautista  de,  governor,  45, 

76,  110,  113,  record  of  grants,  363 
Apaches,  Faraon,  12 
Apaches,  Jicarillas,  20 
Apaches,  Navajos,  140,  159 
Apaches,  raids  of,  189 
Apodaca,  Felipe  de,  300 
Apodaca,  Inez  de,  28 
Apodaca,  Jose,  196 
Apodaca,  Juan  de,  205 
Apodaca,  Juan  Estavan  de,  12,  19 
Apodaca,  Nicolas  de,  27,  86 
Apodaca,  Sebastian,  103,  178 
Apodaca.  Vicente,  27 
Aragon,  Eusebio,  184 
Aragon,  Fernando,  270 
Aragon,  Jose,  Manuel,  30,  war  captain, 

181 
Aragon,  Jose  Miguel,  118 


506   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


Aragon,  Manuel,  182,  371 
Aramburu,  Antonio,  103,  105,  207 
Aratia,  Felipe  de,  66,  68,  89 
Arehibec,  Juan  de,  6,  9  inventory  of 

estate,  12,  story  ot,  113,  114,  115 
Archibeque,  Agustin  de,  20 
Archibeque,  Maria    de    Guadalupe    de, 

29,  85 
Archiveque,  Maria  de,  206 
Archiveque,  Miguel  de,  19 
Archives,  inventory,   1715,  324,  Cabil- 

do,  330-338 
Archuleta,  Ana  de,  4,  5 
Archuleta,  Gregorio,  4 
Archuleta,  Hilario,  74 
Archuleta,  J.  Andres,  80,  169 
Archuleta,  Juan  Antonio,  21,  90,   189, 

211 
Archuleta,  Juan  de,  98 
Archuleta,  Juan  Jose  de,  20 
Archuleta,  Marcial,  119 
Archuleta,  Miguel,  80 
Archuleta,  Pascual,  119 
Archuleta,  Salvador,  212 
Arco  del  arrogo  de  Galisteo,  33 
Arellano,  Cristobal,  451 
Arellano,  Cristobal  de,  145,  155 
Ar^uello,  Juana  de,  152 
Arias   de   Quiros,   Diego,   5,   reservoir, 

10,  11,  12,  17,  19,  33,  66,  68,  69,  98, 

135,  136,  152,  197,  278 
Aricara,  Indians,  21 
Arkansas,  river,  settlement  on,  328 
Armendaris,  Pedro  de,  30,  46,  115,  354 
Armenta,  Antonio  de,  29,  140,  164 
Armenta,  Joseph,  140 
Armenta,  Luis  de,  38,  108 
Armenta,  Simon  de,  179 
Armijo,  Antonio  de,  28,  32,   118,   123, 

294,  360 
Armijo,  Concepcion,  33 
Armijo,  Getrudis  de,  29 
Armijo,  Isabel  de,  28 
Armijo,  Jose  Nestor,  47 
Armijo,  Josepha,  33,  92 
Armijo,  Joseph  de  19 
Armijo,  Juan,  46,  329 
Armijo,  Juan  Antonio,  31,  50,  96,  122 
Armijo,  Juan  Cristobal,  197 
Armijo,  Julian  de,  107 
Armijo,  Manuel,  political  chief,  28,  321, 

governor,  62,  321,  349,  390 
Armijo,  Manuel  de,  165 
Armijo,  Manuel,  Segundo,  85 
Armijo,  Salvador,  30 
Armijo,  Vicente,  112 
Armijo,  Vincente  Ferrer  de,  123 


Arroniz,  Juan  Francisco  de,  209 

Arroyo  de  en  Media,  42 

Arroyo  de  San  Lorenzo,  79 

Arroyo  Seco,  water  rights,  380,  381 

Arteaga,  Gregorio  de,  32 

Arteaga,  Manuel,  45,  76,  113,  141 

Arvisu,  Jose  de,  202 

Arze,  Antonio,  113 

Aseencion,  Josepha  de  la,  28 

Aspitia,  Inez  de,  5 

Atencio,  Antonio,  207 

Atencio,    Juan  de,  164 

Atencio,  Lazaro,  29 

Atienza  Alcala  y  Escobar,  Joseph  de, 

145 
Atienza,  Antonio  de,  84 
Atienza,  Joseph  de,  15,  100,  123,  150 
Atienza,  Juan  de,  6,  7,  100,  123,  146 
Atienza,  Juan  de  Alcala,  231 
Atienza,  Lazaro  de,  19,  324 
Atrisco  Tract,  43,  69,   75,  76,  90,  91, 

101,  189,  320 
Attencio,  Antonio  de,  83 
Att^ncio,  Cayetano  de,  240 
Autentica  pre  fide  Jurobus,  137 
Ayeta,  Fr.  Francisco  de,  1 
Ayuntamientos,  30,  32,  49,  50,  86,  87, 

123,  143,  170,  329 
Azuela,  Manuel  de,  180 

Baca,  Antonio,  41,  75 

Baca,  Baltazar,  44,  71,  104 

Baca,  Barbara,  45 

Baca,  Bartolome,  governor,  45,  46,  168, 

169,  213,  346,  348 
Baca,  Bernabe,  40,  74 
Baca,  Cristobal,  40 
Baca,  Diego  Manuel,  35,  315 
Baca,  Estevan,  46 
Baca,  Francisco,  Navajo,  271 
Baca,  Ignacio,  213 
Baca,  Isabel,  45 
Baca,  Jose,  46,  267 
Baca,  Jose  Francisco,  47,  49,  50 
Baca,  Josef  Maria,  45,  46 
Baca,  Joseph,  28,  43,  44,  160,  356 
Baca,  Josepha,  40 
Baca  Juan,  82 
Baca,  Juan  Antonio,  142 
Baca,  Juan  Cruz,  384 
Baca,  Juan  Esteban,  49,  112 
Baca,  Juan  Francisco,  111 
Baca,  Juan  Jose,  49 
Baca,  Juan  Manuel,  50 
Baca,  Juana,  73 
Baca,  Juana  Maria,  45 
Baca,  Lorenzo,  111 


INDEX 


507 


Baca,  Magdalena,  284 

Baca,  Manuel,  41,  46,  157,  241 

Baca,  Maria,  295 

Baca,  Maria  Miquela,  50 

Baca,  Marina,  44 

Baca,  Marina  de  Jesus,  44,  315 

Baca,  Miguel,  44,  45,  142 

Baca,  Pablo,  42 

Baca,  Simon,  35 

Baca,  Tonias,  49,  50 

Baca,  Vicente,  89 

Baca  y  Ortiz,  Francisco,    62,  87 

Baca  y  Pino,  Francisco,  87 

Baca  y  Terrus,  Francisco,  275,  298 

Badito  del  Arroyo,  32 

Baldez,  Ana,  66 

Baldez,  Domingo  de,  200 

Baldez,  Mariano,  381 

Ballejo,  Antonio,  35 

Ballejo,  Bernardo,  101 

Ballejo,  Juan,  310 

Ballejo,  Manuel,  198 

Ballejos,  Barbara,  345 

Ballejos,  Catarina,  345 

Ballejos,  Matilda,  345 

Bandelier,  A.  F.,  13 

Bancroft,  H.  H.,  2,  4,  5,  12 

Barba,  pueblo  of,  26 

Barcelo,  Marin  Getrudes,  62 

Barcelo,  Trinidad,  50,  327 

Barclay's  Fort,  277 

Barela,  Felipe,  105 

Barela,  Jose  Francisco,  80 

Barela,  Manuel  Ramos,  208 

Barela,  Pedro,  29 

Barela,  Salvador,  40,  41 

Barela,  Tiburcio,  41 

Barela,  de  Posada,  Antonia,  133 

Barela,  de  Posada,  Pedro,  201 

Bargas,  Maurilo,  143 

Barracks,  Santa  Fe,  324 

Barreda,  Domingo  de  la,  4,  33,  97 

Barrera,  Manuel  de  la,  50,  73 

Barrio  de  Analco,  67 

Barrio  del  Torreon,  Santa  Fe,  271 

Barrios,  Juan  Antonio,  4 

Bas  Juan  Gonzales,  30,  40,  82 

Basquez,  Joseph,  35 

Basquez,  Michaela,  heirs  of,  106 

Beaubien,  Carlos,  62,  genealogy,  65 

Bejar,  Simona  de,  35 

Bejarana,  Tomas  de,  299 

Bejil,  Migviel,  113 

Belarde,  Francisco,  145 

Belen  Tract,  43,  first  settlers,  43,  73, 

240 
Bellijo,  Fr.  Manuel,  46 


Benavides,  Domingo,  84,  164 

Benavides,  Francisco  Xavier,  99 

Benavides,  Fray,  78 

Benavides,  Jesus,  46,  47 

Benavides,  Jose  Maria,  123 

Benavides,  Juan,  32,  40,  163 

Benavides,  Juana,  29,  40 

Benavides,  Juana  de  Ojeda,  140,  163 

Benavides,  La,  35 

Benavides,  Luis,  49,  39 

Benavides,  Miguel,  175 

Benavides,  Nicolas,  35 

Benavides,  Rafael,  47 

Benavides,  Tomas,  40,  41 

Benjamin,  J  P.,  62 

Bereera,  Tomas  Antonio,  118 

Bernal,  Antonio,  188 

Bernal,  Barbara,  114 

Bernal,  Julian,  46 

Bernal,  Tomas,  46 

Bernalillo,  29,  399 

Beytia,  Antonio  de,  43,  154 

Beytia,  Diego  de,  98,  145 

Beytia,  Juan  de,  25 

Beytia,  Manuel,    156 

Beytia,  Rosalia  de,  106 

Bigil,  Antonio,  33 

Bitton,  Gaspar,  27,  109 

Blasquez,  Jose,  126 

Bocanegra,  Jose  Maria  de,  275 

Bohorquez  y  Coreuera,  Francisco  Jo- 
seph Tomas  de,  67,  68 

Bohorquez  y  Coreuera,  Joseph,  12,  19, 
35,  37,  41,  62,  135,  151,  152,  187,  188 

Bonanza,  12 

Bonavia,  Bernardo,  77,  343,  372 

Bone,  Santiago,  62 

Borica,  Diego  de,  241 

Borrego  Diego,  45,  70 

Borrego,  Diego  Basquez,  41 

Bosque  Grande,  169 

Bosque  Redondo,  80 

Brito,  Juan  de  Leon,  36,  37 

Brito,  Manuel,  44 

Brito,  Manuela,  29,  44,  84,  139 

Brojas,  Juan  Rico  de,  100 

Burgos,  Fr.  Jose  de,  93 

Bustamante,  Don  Juan  Domingo  de, 
governor,  15,  trial,  17,  35,  36,  37,  38, 
52,  64,  65,  68,  131,  132,  134,  135,  310 

Bustamante,  Joseph,  124 

Bustamante,  Josepha,  45 

Bustamante,  Manuel,  50,  215 

Bustamante,  Phelipe,  155 

Bustamante,  Ventura,  339 

Bustamante,  de,  Bernardo,  112,  113 


508   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


Bustaniante   de    Tagle,    Bernardo,    25, 

105,  178 
Bnstamante  Tag^le,  Joseph,  inventory, 

etc.,  74,  105.  106,  220,  321 
Bnstamante  y  Tagle,  Pedro  Antonio,  28 
Bustillos,  Juan  de  la  Paz,  187 
Bnstos,  Cristobal,  49 
Bnstos,  Jose  Antonio,  45.  169 
Bnstos,  Juan  Martin,  355 

Caballero,  Fr.  Antonio,  357 

Ca.ballero  de  Croix,  363 

Cabeza  de  Baca,  Luis  Maria  E.  C.  No. 

20,    children,    47,    354,    court    costs, 

372,  Las  Vegas,  373,  435 
Cabeza  de  Baca,  Tomas,  81,  122 
Cabrera,  Gabriel  de  133 
Cabrera,  Maria  de,  66 
Caceras,  Clara  Euiz  de,  oldest  archive, 

201 
Cachupin,  Don  Tomas  Velez,  governor, 

27,  28,  41,  43,  74,  75,  77 
Cadena,  Francisco,  293 
Cadena,  Maria  Luisa,  294 
Cadena,  Pedro  Velasquez  de,  3 
Cadiz,  city.  393 
Caja  del  Eio,  grant.  19.  319 
Calles.  Josef  Andres,  165 
Campo  Eedondo,  Jose,  45,  113,  180 
Campos,  Maria  de  Jesus,  291 
Canada  de  Cochiti,  357 
Caiiada  de  Cundiyo,  313 
Cafiada  de  Los  Apaches.  70 
Canada  de  Santa  Clara.  283 
Cafiada  del  Tio  Leonardo.  201 
Candelaria,  Bentura  de.  100 
Candelaria,  Bias  de  la.  141 
Candelaria,  Felix  de  la,  142 
Candelaria.  Francisco  de  la,  199 
Candelaria,  Juan,   116 
Candelaria,  Maria  de  la  Lnz,  79 
Candelaria,  Ventura  de,  68 
Canela,  Juan  de  Sosa.  147 
Canela,  Juana  de  Sosa,  310 
Cafio,  Ignacio,  185 
Canon  de  Jemez,  77,  167 
Canon  de  San  Diego,  167,  first  settlers, 

167 
Canones  de  Eiano,  119 
Canjuebe,  Antonio,  77 
Canjuebe,  Francisco,  7,  8 
Canjuebes.  Indians,  371 
Canseco,  Sebastian,   278 
Capilla  de  San  Miguel,  238 
Capitol,    removal    to   Santo   Domineo. 

328 


Captains-General,  1713-1715,  commis- 
sions, 327 

Capulin,  El,  413 

Carabajal,  Lorenzo  de,   66 

Carbono,  Luis,  80 

Cardenas,  Petrona  de,  75 

Carillo,  Juan,  71 

Carillo,  Miguel,  67 

Carmona,  Francisco  de,  133 

Carnuel  tract,  29,  claim,  76,  150, 
Caiion,  297 

Carrizal,  76 

Garros,  Juan  de,  126 

Carson,  Christopher,  testimony.  Max- 
well Grant,  60 

Casa  Colorado,  106 

Casados,  Antonio,   73 

Casados,  Francisco  Joseph,  4,  5,  11, 
66,  67,  206 

Casados,  Francisco  Lorenzo  de,  35,  66 

Casados,  Jose  Antonio,  49,  50 

Casillas,  Bernardo,  12 

Casillas,  Diego,  269 

Casillas,  Manuel,  206 

Casillas,  Salvador,  74 

Casillas,  Tomas.  74 

Castela,  Getrudis,   142 

Castela,  Mariano,  266 

Castellanos,  Jose,  132,  145 

Castillo,  Ana  Maria  del,  80 

Castillo,  Joaquin,  371  • 

Castrense,  Capilla,  177 

Castrillon,  Antonio  Alvarez,  4,  100 

Castrillon,  Manuel  Alvarez.  147 

Cebolleta.  grant,  49,  76,  373 

Cedula,  Eeal,   6 

Cerda,  Juan  Josef  de  la,  284 

Cerrillos,  12,  grant  at,  15,  28 

Cerrito,  grant,  323,  324 

Cerro  Colorado,  70 

Cerro   del   Oro,   346 

Cevilleta,  town,  claim,  95,  78,  367 

Chaco  Mesa,  111,  159 

Chacon,  Fernando,  governor,  45 

Chacon,  Francisco,  75 

Cliacon,  Medina  Villaseiior,  Joseph, 
governor,  146,  198 

Chama,  329 

Chama,  Partido  de,  74 

Cliama,  river,  67 

Chambers,  Samuel.  80 

Chaperito,  81,  329 

Cliavez,  Antonio,  of  Belen,  79 

Chavez,  Antonia  de,  102,  234 

Cliavez,  Antonio  de,  69,  75 

Chavez,  Buenaventura,  77 

Chavez,  Clara  de,  66 


INDEX 


509 


Chavez,  Diego  Antonio,  76 

Chavez,  Domingo,   77,  371 

Chavez,  Fernando,  43,  83 

Chavez,  Francisco,  80 

Chavez,  Francisco  Antonio,  76 

Chavez,  Francisco  Xavier,  71,  371 

Chavez,  Geronimo,  384 

Chavez,  Ignacio,  75,  80 

Chavez,  Joaquin,  80 

Chavez,  Jose,   71,  80 

Chavez,  Jose  Antonio,  32,  77,  80,  142, 

324 
Chavez,  Jose  de  la  Cruz,  80 
Chavez,  General  Jose  Maria,  114 
Chavez,  Leogarda,  32 
Chavez,  Maria,     widow     of     Sebastian 

Martin,  75 
Chavez,  Maria  Antonia,  69 
Chavez,  Maria  de,  82 
Chavez,  Miguel,  75 
Chavez,  Nicolas  de,  40,  43,  69,   74,  75, 

155,  234 
Chavez,  Pedro,  69,  75,  328 
Chavez,  Quiteria,  75 
Chavez,  Tomas,  75 

Chavez,  Ursula,  77,  79,  269,  270,  446 
Chavez,  Ventura,  142 
Chavez,  Vicente,   Cura,  80 
Chavez  y  Baca.  Jose  Francisco,  388 
Chavez  y  Duran,  Jose  Antonio,  32 
Chelli,  185 
Cheyennes,  265 
Chico,  Payemo,  206 
Chimayo,  *88,  208 
Chiriiios,  Juan  Manuel,  73,  76,  84,  92, 

104,  133,  136,  151,  152,  153 
Church,  parish,  73,  147,  148,  187,  207, 

317 
Cienega,  pueblo,  4,  12,  43,  puesto,  123 

178,  203 
Cienega,  Santa    Fe,    10,    68,    81,    143, 

grant,  345,  354,  362,  390 
Cienega,  de  Los  Garcias,  381 
Cieneguilla,  12,  170 
Cinnabar,  371 
Cit  Combenerit,  289 
Coca,  Don  Miguel  de,  37,  67,  178 
Cochiti,  pueblo,  46,  49,  74,  156,  notes, 

469-471,  360,  432,  434,  435,  478 
Codallos  y  Rabal,  governor,  21,  25,  26, 

73,   74,  77,  French  and  Comanehes, 

148,  149,  150,  151,  363 
Colonists,  391 
Colonization,  lands,  392 
Colonization  laws,  273,  274,  275,  1823, 

327,  329,  339 


Comanehes,  20,  148,  149,  150,  attack 
on  Taos,  200,  328,  347 

Concepeion,  Pascuala  de,  317 

Concha,  Don  Fernando  de  la,  governor, 
15,  29,  44,  45,  113 

Conde,  Francisco   Garcia,  329 

Conejo,  Maria  Lopez,  279 

Congress,  Mexican,  385,  decrees,  titles, 
393 

Conquerors,  rights  of  descendants,  362 

Constitution,  1820,  323 

Contreras,  Casilda,  206 

Contreras,  Joseph  de,  145 

Copas,  Jose  Manuel,  122 

Coquindo,   Juan,   80 

Cordero,  Juan  Ruiz,  310,  353 

Cordoba,  Ana  Maria,  74 

Cordoba,  Jose  Manuel,  172 

Cordoba,  Joseph,  74 

Cordoba,  Juan  de  Jesus,  80 

Cordoba,  Juan  Euiz,  66,  68 

Cordoba,  Lazaro  de,  66,  74,  279 

Cordoba,  Pedro,  74 

Cordoba,  Simon  de,  129 

Corral  de  Piedra,  108,  157 

Cortes,  Teresa,  76 

Corvera,  Jose  Ibanez,  112 

Cossio,  Antonio  Valverde  de,  100,  144, 
310 

Crespin,  Ci-istobal,  67,  68,  134,  135 

Crespin,  Diego,  Antonio,  33 

Crespin,  Francisco,  33 

Crespin,  Gregorio,  71,  75,  209 

Crespin,  Rafael,  33 

Cristobal,  Fray,  1 

Cruciaga,  Antonio  de,  36,  37,  38 

Cruciaga,  Manuel  de,  152 

Cruz,  Juana  de  la,  67 

Cruzat  y  Gongora,  Don  Gervaeio,  gov- 
ernor, 19,  35,  82,  346 

Cruznte,  Domingo  Jironza  de,  1,  2,  3, 
394 

Cubero,  Don  Pedro  Rodriguez  de,  gov- 
ernor, 6,  18 

Cubero,  Eancho  de,  79,  385 

Cuervo  y  Valdez,  Don  Francisco,  gov- 
ernor, 12,  18,  81,  397 

Cuesta  del  Oregano,  136 

Cuma,  Camino  Real  de,  201 

Cuyamungue,  pueblo,  9,  45,  233 

De  Dias,  Miguel,  311 
De  la  Cruz,  Leonardo,  157 
De  la  Fuente,  Joseph  Antonio,  286 
Delgado,  Fray  Carlos,  informe,  17,  156 
Delgado,    Manuel,    45,    will.    86,    113, 
165.  180,  391 


510   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


Del  Norte,  river,  5 

Del  Kio,  Alonzo,  97 

Departmental  Assembly,  members,  60, 

175,  foreigners,  276,  329,  330,  348 
Deputation,  Durango,  373 
Deputation,   Provincial,   86,    185,   213, 

215,   377,    Indians,  378-380 
Deputation,  Territorial,  31,  47,  87,  88, 

185,  195,  196,  213,  214,  215,  384,  388 
De  Vargas,  Alonzo,  304 
De  Vargas,  Don  Diego  Zapata  Lujan 

Ponce  de  Leon,  2,  4,  5,  12,  15,  16, 

18,    Relacion    Sumaria,    26,    34,    36, 

coat  of  arms,  144,  will,  301,  310 
De  Vargas,  Juan  Manuel,  304 
De  Vargas,  Sebastian,  27,  36,  67,  71, 

75,  132,  176,  241-264,  311 
Dias  del  Castillo,  Juan  Manuel,  237 
Dias  del  Castillo,  Manuel,  158 
Dimas,  Joseph  de,  92 
Dolores,  Nuestra  Seiiora  de  Los,  28 
Dominga,  Maria,  86 
Dominguez,  Ana  Maria,  81 
Dominguez,    Antonio,   grant,   82,    106, 

286 
Dominguez,  Benito,  81 
Dominguez,  Captain  Thome,  1 
Dominguez,  Jose,  81 
Dominguez,  Josejjh,  81 
Dominguez,  Juana,  82,  132 
Domingiiez,  Leonor,  82 
Dominguez,  Pablo,  213 
Dona  Ana,  colony,  grant,  88 
Don  Fernando  de  Taos,  grant,  390 
Doniphan,  A.  W.,  4 
Dubus  Ees  de  Vendi,  137 
Duran,  Agustin,  61,  87,  197,  446 
DuraUj  Antonia,  82 
Duran,  Antonio,  40 
Duran,  Cristobal,  42 
Duran,  Diego,  205 
Duran,  Joseph,  grant,  82 
Duran,  Josepha,  126 
Duran,  Juan,  84 

Duran,  Juan  Joseph,  42,  85,  86,  240 
Diiran,  Luis,  41 
Duran,  Matias,  31 
Duran,  Miguel,  68 
Duran,  Nicolas,  82 
Duran,  Salvador,  86 
Duran,  Sebastian,  299 
Duran,  Vicente  Ferrer,  118 
Durana,  Chatalina,  84 
Duran  de  Armijo,  Antonio,  6,  7,  8,  22, 

77,  83,  84,  132,  145,  207,  294 
Duran  de  Armijo,  Fray  Antonio,  letter 
to  governor,  148,  149 


Duran  de  Armijo,  Manuel,  85 

Duran  de  Armijo,  Maria  Gertrudes,  83 

Duran  de  Armijo,  Maria  Rosalia,  360 

Duran  de  Armijo,  Rosa,  82 

Duran  de  Armijo,  Vicente,  grant,  21 

Durango,  Bishop  of,  19 

Duran  y  Chavez,  Antonio  de,  112 

Duran  y  Chavez,  Fernando,  81,  350 

Duran  y  Chavez,  Jose,  86,  240 

Duran  y  Chavez,  Juan,  240 

Duran  y  Chavez,  Manuel,  239 

Duran  y  Chavez,  Nicolas,  tract,  241 

Duran  y  Cliavez,  Pedro,  1 

Eaton,  E,  W.,  grant,  San  Cristobal,  94 

Education,  Indians,  393 

Eguijosa,  Francisco  Antonio  de,  11,  88 

El  Bado,  32,  meaning,  154 

El  Canyon,  96 

El  Chopo,  144 

Ellison,  Harvey,  384 

El  Paso,   1,   2,   25,   76,  meaning,   154, 

189,  ayuntamiento,  377 
El  Eito,"  rancho,  79 

El  Sitio  del  Pueblo  de  la  Cienega,  203 
El  Tajo,  187 
Embudo,  311 
Eneinal,  169,  185 
Engle,  2 

Enriquez,  Miguel,  83 
Esealante,  Fr.,  2 
Escobedo,  Juan  Leon  Oneto,  105 
Esperanza,  Pedro  Buen-Amigo,  89 
Espexo,  Francisco  de  Jesus,  355 
Espinosa,  Miguel  de,  208 
Espinosa,  Salvador  de,  88,  208 
Espinosa,  Tadeo,  208 
Esquibel,  Antonio  A.,  89 
Esquibel,  Buenaventura,  93 
Esquibel,  Clemente,  89 
Esquibel,  Francisco,  90 
Esquibel,  Jose,  88,  111 
Esquibel,  Ventura,  88 
Estiercoles,  Taos,  171 
Estrada,  Bartolome,  de,  3 
Estrada,  Jose,  89 
Estufas,  Isleta,  328 

Families,  heads  of,  San  Miguel  Coun- 
ty, 1855,  324,  327 

Fe-Jiu,  pueblo,  26 

Fernandez,  Bartolome,  76,  94,  140,  159, 
239 

Fernandez,  Carlos,  90,  92,  111,  112, 
295 

Fernandez,  Domingo,  93,  94;  Eaton 
Grant,  94,  96,  97;  122,  143,  201,  214 


INDEX 


511 


Fernandez,  Felipe  Sandoval  de,  159 

Fernandez,  Jose  D.,  122 

Fernandez,  Juan  Antonio,  93,  111 

Fernandez,  Juliana,  92 

Fernandez,  Martin,  89,  157 

Fernandez,  Rafael,  96,  215 

Fernandez,  Rosa  Martina,  157 

Fernandez,  Santiago,  79,  93 

Fernandez  de  la  Pedrera,  Bartolome, 
110 

Fernandez  de  la  Pedrera,  Maria,  89, 
111 

Fernandez  de  la  Pedrera,  Phelipe  de 
Sandoval,  238 

Fernandez  de  Salazar,  Juan  Joseph,  90 

Fernandez  de  Taos,  265 

Figueroa,  Ignacio  Cornelio,  111 

Finea  Rustica,  330 

Flores,  Candelaria,  49 

Flores,  Juana  Gertrudes,  163 

Flores,  Juana  Teresa,  163 

Flores,  Juliana,  163 

Flores,  Lucas,  89 

Flores  Mogollon,  Don  Ignacio,  govern- 
or, Sumas  Indians,  397 

Flores,  Santiago,  144 

Foreigners,  273,  departmental  assem- 
bly's decision,  276 

Fragoso,  Francisco  Xavier,  90,  138, 
159,  210,  239 

Fragoso,  Gabriel,  90 

Frayles,  revolution  of  1680,  231 

Frenchmen,  20,  21,  148,  149,  150,  fire- 
arms, 391 

Fresques,  Adauto  Isidro,  296 

Fresques,  Antonio,  66 

Fresques,  Jose,  35,  176 

Fresquis,  Joseph,  314 

Fresquis,  Juan  Antonio,  316 

Fuenclara,  20,  128 

Fuenclara,  Conde,  de,  73 

Fuera,  Luiz,  106 

Galisteo,    15,    30,    ayuntamiento,    46, 

266,  267,  pueblo,  301,  360 
Gallegos,  Antonio,  100 
Gallegos,  Cristobal,  112 
Gallego,  Diego,   101,  311,   399,   grant, 

400 
Gallegos,  Domingo,  119 
Gallegos,  Domingo,  Segundo,  119 
Gallegos,  Francisco,  119 
Gallegos,  Helena,  grant,  371 
Gallegos,  Jose  Mareelo,  111 
Gallegos,  Jose  Maria,  120 
Gallegos,  Juan,   107,  110 
Gallegos,  Juan  Roque,   112 


Gallegos,  Juan  Tomasa,  108 

Gallegos,  Julian,  119 

Gallegos,  Manuel,  27,  28,  42,  106,  119 

Gallegos,  Maria  de  la  Luiz,  122 

Gallegos,  Miguel,  113 

Gallegos,  Pedro,  118 

Gallegos,  Ramon,  119 

Gallegos,  Tomas  Antonio,  118 

Gallardo,  Pedro,  Lopez,  135,  233 

Galvan,  Mariano,  8 

Galvana,  Juana,  75 

Gamboa,  Cristobal,  108 

Garcia,  Alonzo,  1 

Garcia,  Antonia,  102,  113 

Garcia,  Antonio,  grant,  113,  114 

Garcia,  Antonio,  Jose,  119 

Garcia,  Cristobal,  68 

Garcia,  Felix,  267 

Garcia,  Francisco,  30,  70,  97,  98,  101, 

109,  112,  113,  119,267 
Garcia,  Fray  Andres,  112 
Garcia,  Jose  Domingo,  122 
Garcia,  Jose  Victor,  122 
Garcia,  Joseph,  102,  103 
Garcia,  Juan,  50,  71,  118 
Garcia,  Juan  Cristobal,  113 
Garcia,  Juan  Estevan,  101 
Garcia  Jurado,  Barbara,  106 
Garcia  Jurado,  Jose,  5 
Garcia  Jurado,  Ramon,  105,  127,  128, 

132,  145,  316 
Garcia  Jurado,  Toribio,  111 
Garcia,  Lazaro,  102 
Garcia,  Luciano,  114 
Garcia,  Luis,  81,  105 
Garcia,  Marcial,  207 
Garcia,  Martin,  66,  97 
Garcia,  Mateo,  360 
Garcia,  Miguel,  122 
Garcia,  Nicolas,  107 
Garcia,  Pablo,  rancho,  79 
Garcia  Pareja,  Manuel,  42.  44,  75 
Garcia,  Rafael,  360 
Garcia,  Ramon,  112 
Garcia,  Salvador,  112 
Garcia,  Santiago,  heirs  of,  298 
Garcia  Villegas,  Juan  Ignacio,  42 
Garcia,  Xavier,   Socorro  tract,  115 
Garcia  de  la  Mora,  Antonio  Josef,  111 
Garcia  de  la  Mora,  Jose,  114 
Garcia  de  la  Mora,  Juan,  25,  102 
Garcia  de  la  Mora,  Juan  Eusebio,  120 
Garcia  de  las  Rivas,  102 
Garcia  de  Las  Rivas,  Juan,  4,  11,  12, 

35,  66,  67,  98,  99,  100,  123,  124 
Garcia  de  Las  Rivas,  Juan  Jose,  97 


512   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


Garcia  de  Las  Eivas,  Miguel,  127 
Garcia  de  Los  Eeyes,  Juan,  107 
Garcia  de  ^^oriega,  Joaquin,  111,  135, 

315 
Garcia   de   Noriega,   Juan,    1,    19,   99, 

133,  176,  231,  355 
Garcia  de  Noriega,  Juan  Estevan,  19, 

grant,  101,  102,  106,  188,  300 
Garcia  de  Noriega,  Lazaro,  102,  234 
Garcia  de  Noriega,  Luis,  105 
Garcia  de  Noriega,  Maria,  66,  97 
Garcia    de  Noriega,  Kosalia,   106 
Garcia  de  Noriega,  Salvador,  200,  240 
Garduiio,  Bartolome,  4,  84 
Garduiio,  Eduarda  Rita,  113 
Garduno,  Felipe,  106 
Garduiio,  Francisco,  25,  112 
Garduiio,  Gregorio,  25,  36,  37,  38,  135 
Garduiio,  Joseph,  107 
Garduiio,  Joseph  Miguel,  105,  107,  112 
Garduiio,  Julian,  123 
Garduno,  Maria  Diega,  107 
Garvisu,  Manuel,  43 
Garvisu,  Manuel  Bernardo,  41,  238 
Garvisu,  Manuel  Sanz  de,  103,  112,  178 
Gavaldon,  Maria  Antonia,  112 
Gavaldon,  Juan,  103,  grant,  107 
Gavaldon,  Juan  Manuel,  105 
Gayegos,  Julian,  33 
Gaytan,  Diego,  286 
Genizaros,   26,  27 
Gilthomey,  Jose  Maria,  123 
Gilthomey,  Joseph  Antonio,  98 
Gilthomey,  Joseph  Manuel,  4,  67,  98, 

99,  176 
Gilthomey,  Rosalia,  28,  238 
Giron,  Dimas,  110 
Giron,  Juan  Antonio,  41 
Giron  de  Tejeda,  Dimas,  206 
Godines,  Antonio,  100,  147,  279,  316 
Gomes  del  Castillo,  Juan,  158 
Gomez,  Diego,  107 
Gomez,  Petrona,  100 
Gomez  de  Chavez,  Pedro,  40 
Gomez  del  Castillo,  Francisco,  127,  158 
Gomez  Robledo,  Francisco,  1 
Gongora,  Cristobal  de,  66,  67,  74,  79, 

145,  146,  161,  162,  193,  197,  198 
Gongora,  Gregorio  de,  103 
Gonzales,  Alejandro,  102 
Gonzales,  Antonio,  124,  295 
Gonzales,  Antonio  Bas,  98 
Gonzales,  Bautista,  296 
Gonzales,  Cristobal,  118 
Gonzales,  Diego,  97,  98,  102 
Gonzales,  Felipe,  120 
Gonzales,  Francisco,  44,  111 


Gonzales,  Isabel,  97 

Gonzales,  Joseph,  102 

Gonzales,  Juan,  99,  132,  353 

Gonzales,  Juan  Angel,  102,  356 

Gonzales,  Juan  Bas,  101,  102 

Gonzales,  Juan  Francisco,  112 

Gonzales,  Leonardo,  21 

Gonzales,  Marcial,  27 

Gonzales,  Maria,  71 

Gonzales,  Maria  Candelaria,  106 

Gonzales,  Miguel,  215 

Gonzales,  Nicolasa,  295 

Gonzales,  Pedro  Antonio,  112 

Gonzales,  Prudencia,  298 

Gonzales,  Rafael,  122 

Gonzales,  Rosalia,  111 

Gonzales,  Salvador,  103,  281 

Gonzales,  Sebastian,  heirs  of,  103 

Gonzales,  Theodora,  102 

Gonzales  de  la  Cruz,  Francisco,  106 

Gonzales  de  la  Rosa,  316 

Gonzales  de  Parral,  Juan  Antonio,  208 

Gorraez,  Joseph  de,  329 

Gotera  tract,  384 

Governors,  list  of,  1770-1840,  324 

Granillo,  Luis,  202 

Granillo,  Maria,  67 

Grants,  abandoned,  342 

Griego,  Alonzo,  102 

Griego,  Catalina,  278 

Griego,  Faustin,  126 

Griego,  Jose  Antonio,  113 

Griego,  Josef  a,  99,  113 

Griego,  Juan,  197 

Griego,  Juana,  98,  278 

Griego,  Lorenzo,  19 

Griego,  Luis,  123 

Griego^  Maria,  98,  99,  104,  278 

Griego,  Nicolas,  19,  99,  134 

Griego,  Pedro,  99 

Groslee,  Santiago,  33 

Guadalajara,  Royal  Audiencia,  42 

Gruciaga,  Antonio,  35,  82 

Gueiosa,  Francisco  Antonia,  100,  205, 

206,  287,  362 
Guerrero,  Antonio,  177 
Guerrero,  Francisco,  27,  28,  41,  43,  107, 

169,  170,  174,  208,  238,  349 
Guerrero,  Fr.  Joseph  Antonio,  104 
Guijosa,  Antonio  de,  281 
Gurule,  Antonio,  105 
Gurule,  Juan  Antonio,  212 
Gurule,  Toribio,  118 
Gusano,  El,  296 
Gutierrez,  Alejo,  100,  133,  206 
Gutierrez,  Antonio,   101 
Gutierrez,  Bartolome,  138 


INDEX 


513 


Gutierrez,  Clemeute,  77,  113 
Gutierrez,  Felipe,  81 
Gutierrez,  Francisco,  103 
Gutierrez,  Gregorio,  105 
Gutierrez,  heirs  of,  193 
Gutierrez,  Jose,  115,  433 
Gutierrez,  Juan  Isidro,  115 
Gutierrez,  Lorenzo,  77 
Gutierrez,  Maria,  100,  133,  206 
Gutierrez,  Maria  de  los  Eeyes,  123 
Gutierrez,  Maria  Victoria,  115 
Gutierrez,  Mateo,  163 
Gutierrez,  Pedro  Miguel,  115 
Gutierrez  de  Figueroa,  Antonio,  5 
Gutierrez  de  los  Eios,  Gaspar,  66,  99 

Hacienda  de  San  Juan  Bautista  del 
Ojito  del  Rio  de  Las  Gallinas,  344 

Hague,  William,  270 

Half  breeds,  Santa  Fe,  339,  settle  at 
Sandia,  353 

Hall's  Mexican  Law,  8 

Hemenway  expedition,  13 

Hernandez,  Joseph  Anastacio.  168 

Hernandez.  Fray  Juan  Joseph,  156 

Herrera,  Antonio  de,  181 

Herrera,  Domingo  de,  158 

Herrera,  Francisco,  88 

Herrera,  Joseph  de,  102,  124 

Herrera,  Juan  Bautista  de,  124 

Herrera,  Juan  Manuel  de.  88,  124,  127 

Herrera,  Maria  de,  27,  35.  107,  158, 
176,  237 

Herrera,  Mariano  de,  168 

Herrera,  Miguel  de,   161 

Herrera,  Sebastian,  2.  201,  202,  203 

Herrera,  Teresa  de,  185 

Herrera,  Tomas  de,  187 

Herrera  y  Sandoval.  Teresa.  123 

Herrera  y  Sandoval.  Tomas,  123 

Holiba,  Pedro  de,  208 

Holguin,  Juan  de  la  Cruz,  111 

Homayo,  pueblo,  26 

Hosio,  Fray  Francisco  de.  94,  113 

Houghton,  Joab,  276 

Houiri,  pueblo,  26 

House,  government,  Santa  Fe,  326 

Hoyo  de  Mendoza,  Joseph  Gonzales, 
147 

Hulibarri,  Antonio  de,  36,  71 

Hulibarri,  Juan  Antonio  de,  104 

Hurtado,  Bartolo,  124 

Hurtado,  Joseph,  158 

Hurtado,  Juan,  158 

Hurtado,  Juan  Paez,  governor,  12,  col- 
onists. 18;  67,  69,  81,  83,  88,  123, 
124,  398 


Hurtado,  Maria,  124 
Hurtado,  Martin,  66,  200 
Hurtado,  Miguel,  168 
Hurtado,  Miguel  Geronimo,  168 
Hurtado  de  Mendoza,  Joseph,  128 

IcuzA  Y  Elizondo,  Juan  Joseph  de, 
124 

Idalgo,  Nicanor,  80 

Inventario  de  Diligencias,  320 

Ipalenzia,  Manuel  Ramon,  146 

Irigoyen,  Fr.  Joseph,  105 

Irigoyen,  Martin,  113 

Isleta,  pueblo,  45,  70,  71,  143,  187,  188, 
189,  reestablished,  305,  440,  448,  480 

Iturrieta,  Joseph  Mariano  de  Los  Do- 
lores, 287 

Iturrieta,  Pedro,  32,  43,  111 

Jacona,  pueblo,  8,  204 

Jalona,  Dolores,  270 

Jaquez.  Juan  Joseph,  237 

Jaramillo,  Cristobal,  34 

Jaramillo,  Geronimo,  40,  70 

Jaramillo,  Ignacio,  90 

Jaramillo,  Joseph,  128 

Jaramillo,  Juan  Barela,  34 

Jaramillo,  Juan  de,  128 

Jaramillo,  Luis,  128 

Jaramillo,  Ramon  Jacinto,  127 

Jaramillo,  Xavier,  128 

Jemez,  Caiion  de,  77 

Jemez,   pueblo.   2,   92,   311,   421,   422, 

451,  452,  453,  477,  478,  481 
Jicarilla.  post,  391 
Jiron,  Dimas,  92,  206 
Jiron,  Maria,  97 
Jiron  de  Xeda,  Tomas,  97 
Jollanga,  Bonifacio,  141 
Jorge  de  Bera,  Isabel,  126 
Jo-so,  26 

Jo-so-ge.  pueblo,  26,  27 
Juanatilla,  74 

Juanjuebe,  Juan  Esteban,  128 
Juan  Toboso,  Caiiada  de,  237 
Jumanes,  pueblo  de,  347 
Junta  de  Fomento  de  Miner ia,  346 
.Junta  de  Guerra,  1 
Jurado,  Catalina,  128 
Jurado,  Francisco,  119 

Ka-Po,  pueblo,  13 

Kearnv,  Stephen  W.,  brigadier-general 

U.  S.  A.,  proclamation,  327 
Kiowas,  Indians,  347 

Labadia,  Domingo,  164 
La  Cuesta,  31 


514  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


La  Cueva  de  Los  Pescadores,  80 
Ladron  de  Guevara,  Ignacio,  215,  298 
Ladron  de  Guevara,  Miguel,  97,  98 
La  Garza,  Florencio,  123 
Lain,  Joaquin,  112 
Lago,  Juan  Gabriel,  165 
Laguna,  Marques  de  La,  3 
Laguna,  pueblo,  30,  76,  180,  388,  389, 

441,  442,  443,  481 
Laguna  purchases,  184 
Lagunita  del  Rio  Puerco,  159 
La  Lande,  Juan  Bautista,  21 
La  Lusera,  112 

La  Majada,  tract,  49,  168,  230,  371 
Lamelas,  Fernando,  165 
Lamy,  grant,  214 
Land  grants,  363 
Land  laws,  1842,  343 
Land  of  Sunshine,  148 
Lands,  purchase,  etc.,  1,  370 
Lands,  settlement,  325,  326 
Langham,  John  S.,  143 
Larragoite,  Benito  Antonio,  175 
Larraiiaga,  Cristobal,  113,  180 
La  Salle,  Robert,  Cavalier,  expedition, 

13 
Las  Trampas,  grant,   289 
Las  Trampas,  rancho,  83,  142,  143 
Laureano,  Juan,  86 
Leal,  Nicolas,  107 
Ledesma,  Juan  de,  28,  165,  210 
Leon,  Alonzo  de,  governor,  13 
Leon,  Juan,  27 
Leon,  Pedro  Joseph,  188,  362 
Lerud  (Leroux),  Antonio,  143,  144 
Leyba,  Angela  de,  281 
Leyba,  Antonio  de,  132 
Leyba,  Carmen,  144 
Leyba,  Joseph  de,  136 
Leyba,  Juan  Angel,  136 
Leyba,  Luis  Francisco,  294 
Leyba,  Simon  de,  136,  139 
Leyba  y  Mendoza,  Maria  de,  123 
Limpia  Concepcion,  20 
Lisarras  y  Gamboa,  Jose  Joaqiun,  86 
Lobato,  Agustin,  138,  311 
Lobato,  Antonio  Joseph,  293 
Lobato,  Bartolome,  67,  132,  133,  230, 

299,  451 
Lobato,  Bias,  209 
Lobato,  Cayetano,  135,  311 
Lobato,  Domingo,  106 
Lobato,  Gregorio,  158 
Lobato,  Jose  Manuel,  140 
Lobato,  Juan  Cayetano,  138 
Lobato,  Juan  Domingo,  290 


Lobato,  Juan  Joseph,  27,  40,  41,  290, 
293 

Lobato,  Juan  Tomas,  288 

Lobato,  Maria  Francisca,  143 

Lobato,  Miguel  Antonio,  172 

Lobato,  Pedro,  47 

Lobato,  Roque,  92,  179 

Lobera,   Francisco,   179 

Lo  de  I3asquez,  35,  301 

Lo  de  Padia,  71,  143 

Lopez,  Antonio,   133 

Lopez,  Antonio  Jose,  140 

Lopez,  Bias,  77 

Lopez,  Carlos,  82 

Lopez,  Geronimo,  138,  139,  140 

Lopez,  Jose,  132 

Lopez,  Jose  Antonio,  111 

Lopez,  Juan,  132 

Lopez,  Manuel,  138 

Lopez,  Maria  Josepha,  112,  136,  138 

Lopez,  Pedro,  36,  37 

Lorenz,  Manuel  Antonio,  239 

Losano,  Ignacio,  19,  140 

Losano,  Joseph,  138 

Losano,  Juan,   138 

Losano,  Maria  Manuela,  138 

Los  Corrales,  33 

Los  Lunas,  77,  141 

lios  Quelites,    70,   200,   Comanche  at- 
tack, 20,  372 

Los  Valles  de  Santa  Getrudis  de  Lo 
de  Mora,  33,  143,  144 

Los  Trigos,  296 

Louisiana,  colonists,  367 

Lucero,  Bernardo,  142,  143 

Lueero,  Diego,  144 

Lucero,  Juan,  143,  207 

Lucero,  Julian,  144 

Lucero,  Manuel,  28,  102 

Lucero,  Manuela,  102 

Lucero,  Maria  Antonia,  367 

Lucero,  Miguel,  27,  111,  138 

Lucero,  Nicolas,  82 

Lucero,  Pedro,  68,  82 

Lucero  de  Godoy,  Antonio,  97,  130,  131 

Lucero  de  Godoy,  Antonio,  or  Antonio 
Martinez,  130,  131,  145,  203,  231 

Lucero  de  Godoy,  Francisco  Mateo,  5 

Lucero  de  Godoy,  Juan,  202,  129,  239 

Lucero  de  Godoy,  Juan  de  Dios,  17, 
203 

Lucero  de  Godoy,  Nicolas,  201 

Luis  Marie,  391 
Lujan,  Ana,  33,  144,  145 
Lujan,  Antonio,  31 
Lujan,  Francisco,  140 
Lujan,  Isabel,  140,  239 


INDEX 


515 


Lujan,  Josepha,  68,  99,  133,  145 

Lujan,  Juan,  101,  138,  311 

Lujan,  Juan  Antonio,  106,  156 

Lujan,  Juan  Jose,  138,  143,  384 

Lujan,  Juana,   133 

Lujan,  Miguel,  135 

Luna,  Antonio,  de,  141,  142,  164,  165, 

200 
Luna,  Domingo  de,  76,  105,  141,  295 
Luna,  Joaquin  de,  115,  240 
Lucero,  Antonio  de  Jesus,  179 
Lucero,  Antonio  Salado,  110 

Madariaga,  Francisco  IgTiacio  de,  94, 

343 
Madrid,  Antonio,  161 
Madrid,  Antonio  Xavier,  168 
Madrid,  Cristobal,  160,  163,  240 
Madrid,  Jose  Ignacio,  45,  169,  381 
Madrid,  Joseph,  299 
Madrid,   Lorenzo,  4,   5,   97,   126,   145, 

230 
Madrid,  Matias,  299 
Madrid,  Koque,  4,  lead  mine,   18,  98, 

144,  146,  152,  169 
Madrid,  Tomas,  25,  112,  128,  163,  165 
Maese,  Antonia,  19 
Maese,  Bernardo  de  Sena,  164,  241 
Maese,  Catarina,  155 
Maese,  Felix,  278 
Maese,  Francisca,  19 
Maese.  Francisco,  207 
Maese,  Joseph,  164 
Maese,   Juan   de   Dios,  324,  388,  389, 

175 
Maese,  Luis,  144 
Maese,  Maria  Micaela,  166 
Maldonado,    Jose,    92,    111,    159,    163, 

will,  165,  180 
Maldonado,  Jose  Manuel,  386 
Maldonado,  Jose  Miguel,  180 
Mallet  Brothers,  20 
Mangino,  Eafael,  392 
Manrique,  Jose,  governor,  45,  77,  114, 

421 
Manuelita,  grant,  175 
Manzanares,  Andres,  164 
Manzanares,  Juan,  315 
Manzanares,  Manuel,  164 
Manzano,  119,  298 
Mares,  Jose,  138,  165 
Mares,  Manuel,  166 
Mares,  Nicolas,  161 
Marie,  Louis,  20,  266 
Marin,  Joaquin,  105 
Marin   de   Valle,   Francisco,    Antonio, 

42,  43 


Margue,  Diego  Antonio,  128 

Marques,  Antonia,  6 

Marques,  Bartolome,  158,  163,  296 

Marques,  Pedro,  1 

Marques  de  Ayala,  Joseph  Miguel,  153 

Marquez,  Ana  Maria,  200 

Marquez,  Diego  Antonio,  138 

Marquez,  de  Ayala,  Maria,  166 

Martin,  Alejo,  145 


Martin 

161, 
Martin 
Martin 

152, 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 

154, 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 

169 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 
Martin 


Antonio,  19,  27,  152,  155,  157, 
188,  237 

Antonio  Elias,  295 
Cristobal,    11,    119,   146,   147, 
153,  154, 158 

Diego,  123,  204 

Diego  Antonio,  168 

Domingo,  144 

Francisco,  146,  147,  152,  153, 
157,  161,  206 

Geronimo,  154,  160 

Getrudis,  160 

Hernando,  28 

Ignacio,  154 

Isidro,  138,  159,  200,  294 

Jacinto,  154,  155,  237 

Jose,  42,  138,  160 
Jose   Antonio,   El    Renegado, 


Josepha,  152,  317 

Juan,  200,  295 

Juan  Francisco,  155,  162,  165 

Juan  Manuel,  166 

Juan  Pablo 

Juana,  19,  68 

Lorenzo,  157 

Magdalena,  40 

Manuel,  27,  112,  142,  147,  157 

Marcial,  75,  164 

Marcos,  158 

Margarita,  155 

Maria,  164,  206 

Maria  Rosa,  88 

Maria  Viviana,  167 

Matias,  81 

Miguel,  153 

Monica  Tomasa,  164 

Pedro,  122,  157,  166,  168 

Rosa,  41 

Santiago,  160,  315 

Sebastian,  41,  67,  68,  75,  121, 
145,  160,  188,  189,  190,  278 
Martin,  Vicente,  165 
Martin  y  Sandoval,  Juan  de  Dios,  204 
Martinet,  ChaflSe,  175 
Martinez,  Antonio,  grant,  Taos,  county, 

131,  152 
Martinez,  Fr.  Antonio  Jose,  60 


516  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


Martinez,  Bernardo,  169 

Martinez,   Felix,   governor    9,   68,   81, 

145,  154 
Martinez,  Joaquin,  107 
Martinez,  Jose  Haria,  31,  143 
Martinez,  Juan  de  Jesus,  170 
Martinez,  Margarita,  175 
Martinez,   Mariano,   governor,   11,   33, 

348,  390 
Martinez,  Miguel,  de  Sandoval,  99,  133 
Martinez,  Nazario,  33 
Martinez,  Salvador,  127,  Sandia  Vega, 

156.  355 
Martinez,  Santiago,  170 
Martinez,  Severino,  347 
Mascareiias,  Francisco,  362 
Maseareiias,   Miguel,    172,   Mora,   173, 

174 
Maxwell  Grant,  51-60,  62,  63,  64 
Maxwell,  Lucien  B.,  60 
Maynez.  Alberto,  governor,  76,  86,  147 

193,  194,  195,  432 
McNair,   Alexander  governor  of  Mis- 
souri, 342 
Medina,  Antonia  de,  85 
Medina,   Joseph   de,    128,    grant,    128, 

158,  315 
Medina,  Juan  Lorenzo  de,  316 
Medina,  Maria  Magdalena  de,  155 
Medina,  Ramon  de,  280 
Medrano,  Fray  Joseph,  142 
Melgares,  Don  Facundo,  governor,  30, 

46,  79,   115,  372,  373 
Menchero,    Juan    Migtuel,    Fray,    155, 

235,  236 
Mendoza,  Antonio  Dominguez,  155 
Mendoza,    Don    Gaspar    Domingo    de, 
governor,  20,  21,  23,  37,  38,  71,  72, 
81,  82 
Mendoza,  Maria  Dominguez,  316 
Mendinueta,    Don    Pedro    Fermin    de, 
governor,  28,  29,  43,  44,  birthplace, 
177 
Merino,  Manuel,  345 
Mesilla    Colony,    settlers,    ceremonies, 

172 
Mesita  de  Juana  Lopez,  185,  186 
Mesita  del  Alamillo,  79 
Mesnier,  Pedro,  13 
Mestas,  Antonio  de,  328 
Mestas,  Casilda  de,  158 
Mestas,  Cristobal,  157 
Mestas,  Francisco  Xavier,  154 
Mestas,  Hilario,  348 
Mestas,  Joaquin  de.  42,  159,  160,  162 
Mestas,  Josepha,  165 


Mestas,  Juan  de,  134,  204,  grant,  204. 

205,  heirs,  281 
Mestas,   Maria,   211 
Mestas,  Maria  de  Rosa,  288 
Mestas,  Mateo,  157,  161 
Mestas,  Pedro  Antonio,  350 
Mestas,  Tomas,  119 
Mestas,  Ventura  de,  154,  156,  157,  158, 

328 
Mier,  Jose  Maria,  215 
Miera,  Anacleto,  112 
Miera,  Francisco,  79 
Miera  y  Pacheco,  Bernardo,  104,  163, 

180 
Miera  y  Pacheco,  Cleto,   15,  86,   113, 

estate,  114,  164,  165,  166 
Mina  del  Toro,  15 
Mina  traitor,  346 

Mines  and   mining,   1,  15,   66,  regula- 
tions, 324,  courts,  342,  lead.  344.  346, 
decrees,  348,  regulations,  363,  371 
Miiion,  Juan,  159 

Mirabel,  Carlos  Jose  Perez  de,  71,  178 
Mirabel,  Fr.  Juan,  20 
Mirabal,  Maria  Nieves,  168 
Mirabal,  Miguel,  166 
Miranda,  Francisco  Xavier,  101,  165 
Miranda,  Guadalupe,  62,  63,  64,  65,  171, 

390 
Misquia,  Francisco  de,  147 
Misquia,  Lazaro  de,  5 
Missions,  349 
Mississippi,  river,  20 
Missouri,  river,  20 

Mogollon,   Don   Juan   Ignacio    Flores, 
governor,  6,   7,  Cienega,  10,  11,  67, 
81 
Molina,  Pedro  de,  384 
Molina,  Simon  de,  302 
Mondragon,   Juan   Alonzo   de,   11,   14, 

205 
Mondragon,  Sebastian  de,  97,  187,  231 
Montano,  Antonio  Urban,  301 
Montano,  Bernabel  Manuel,  91 
Montano  y  Cuelar,  Bernabel,  90 
Montano,  Joseph,  27,  153 
Montano,  Juan  Bautista,  71,  162 
Montano,  Juana  Barbara,  167 
Montaiio,  Leonor,  69 
Montaiio,  Vicente,  167 
Montes  de  Oca,  Valentina  de,  35,  40 
Montesdoca,  Pedro  de,  132,  147,  317 
Montes  y  Vigil,  Domingo,  135 
Montes  y  Vigil,    Francisco,   Alameda, 
99,   146,   148,   165,   166,  310,   grant, 
314 
Montes  y  Vigil,  Getrudis,  153 


INDEX 


517 


Montes  j  Vigil,  Jose  Victorino,  170 
Montes  y  Vigil,  Juan,  400 
Montes  y  Vigil,  Pedro,  Eio  Lucero,  170 
Montezuma,  origin  of  story,  26 
Montoya,  Andres,  153,  155,  177,  231, 

234 
Montoya,  Antonio,  20,  40,  66,  89,  145, 

151,  154,  155,  159 
Montoya,  Barbara,  83,  84 
Montoya,  Clemente,  147,  237 
Montoya,  Diego,  5,  34,  50,  81 
Montoya,  Eutimio,  115 
Montoya,  Felipe,  175 
Montoya,  Isabel,  102 
Montoya,  Jose,  167 
Montoya,  Jose  Francisco,  153 
Montoya,  Jose  Joaquin,  354 
Montoya,  Jose  Pablo,  33 
Montoya,  Josepha,  152,  157,  161 
Montoya,  Juan  Jos6,  175 
Montoya,  Manuel,  40,  208 
Montoya,  Marcial,  168 
Montoya,  Maria,  136 
Montoya,  Maria  Getrudis,  170 
Montoya,  Mariano,  169 
Montoya,  Miguel,  161,  claim,  163 
Montoya,  Nerio  Antonio,  142,  162,  163 
Montoya,  Nicolasa,  138 
Montoya,  Pablo,  50,  168,  169,  170,  270, 

390 
Montoya,  Paulin,  163,  166 
Montoya,    Santiago,    161,    claim,    100, 

163,  177 
Montoya,  Salvador,  146,  153 
Montoya,  Tomas  Manuel,  142 
Moqui,  26,  27 

Mora,  Francisco  de  la,  4,  97 
Mora,  Francisco  Alberto  de  la,  35 
Mora,  town   of,   172,   settlement,    173, 

174,  175,  grant,  174,  175,  390 
Moraga,  Antonio  de,  147,  300 
Moraga,  Felipe,  152 
Morales,  Pedro  de,  152 
Moran,  Nicolas,  295 
Moreno,  Joche,  239 
Moreno,  Joseph,  42 
Moreno,  Juan  Joseph,  159,  209,  356 
Moreto,  Antonio,  140 
Moya,  Juan  Francisco,  159 
Moya,  Lucas.  108,  159,  163 
Moya,  Lucas  Manuel  de,  15,  106,  138 
Moya,  Manuel,  163 
Moya,  Maria  de,  153 
Moya,  Santiago,  115 

Naba,  Maria  de,  176 
Naeimiento,  346 


Nambe,  pueblo,  8,  21,  23,  481 

Napoleon,  emperor,  393 

Naranjo,  Jose  Antonio,  176 

Narbona,  Antonio,  governor,  31,  45, 
49,  182 

Nava,  Pedro  de,  324,  325,  350,  367 

Nava  de  Brazinas,  Marques  de  la,  34 

Navajo  Apaches,  71 

Navarro,  Francisco  Trebol,  governor, 
29,  43,  112,  177 

Navarro,  Galindo,  328 

Navarro,  Juan,  governor  of  Durango, 
348 

Negreres  y  Soria,  Jose  Ignacio,  349 

New  Biscay,  363 

New  Mexico,  boundaries,  1,  2,  3,  13, 
329,  348,  363 

Newspaper  (clipping),  327 

Nieto,  Cristobal,  176 

Nieto,  Francisco,  177 

Nieto,  Simon,  176 

Niiio  Ladron  de  Guevara,  Juan  Fran- 
cisco, 112,  161,  239 

Nombre  de  Dios,  river,  3 

Non  Numerata  Pecunia,  136 

Nuanez,  Phelipe  Jacobo,  77 

Nuestra  Senora  de  La  Concepcion  de 
Tome  Dominguez,  285 

Nuestra  Senora  de  La  Luz,  Lamy 
Grant,  214 

Nuestra  Senora  de  La  Luz,  San  Fer- 
nando y  San  Bias,  43,  90,  128,  189, 
320 

Nuestra  Senora  de  La  Luz  y  San  Bias, 
43,  90,  128,  189,  320 

Nuestra  Senora  de  La  Soledad.  112 

Nuestra  Seiiora  de  La  Soledad  del  Rio 
Arriba,  289 

Nuestra  Senora  de  Los  Dolores  de  San- 
dia,  235 

Nuestra  Senora  del  Pilar  de  Zaragoza, 
103 

Nuestra  Seiiora  del  Rosario,  San  Fer- 
nando y  Santiago,  209 

Nuiies  de  Aro,  Tomas,  102 

Ogama,  Magdalena  de,  146,  316 

Ojeda,  Bartolome  de,  2,  4 

Ojeda,  Juana  de,  163 

Ojito  de  Las  Ruedas,  297 

Ojo  Caliente,  sitio  de,  19,  inhabitants 
of,  25,  re-settlement,  178,  179,  set- 
tlers, 179,  180,  grant,  180,  315,  349, 
354 

Ojo  de  La  Cabra,  186,  187,  448,  449, 
450 

Ojo  de  La  Jara,  79 


518   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


Ojo  del  Coyote,  136 

Ojo  del  Oso,  32 

Olavide    y    Michelena,    Don    Enrique, 

governor,  188 
Olaya  de  Oton,  5 
Olguin,  Bartolom6,  178 
Olguin,  Maria  Manuela,  211 
Olguin,  Miguel,  179 
Onate,   Juan    de,   78,   honorary   titles, 

321,  322,  323 
Ontiveros,  Josef  a  de,  317 
Ordenal,  Juan  Antonio,  84 
Ordenanza  de  Intendentes,  345,  354 
Ordenanzas  de  Terras  y  Agixas,  8 
Ordinances,  municipal, 1846,  327 
Ortega,  Antonio,  138,  178,  179,  180 
Ortega,  Andres,  185,  354 
Ortega,  Francisco,  179,  180 
Ortega,  Geronimo,  101,  103 
Ortega,  Jose  Vivian  de,  180 
Ortega,  Lucia,  179 
Ortega,  Mateo  de,  147 
Ortega,  Tomas  de,  178,  179 
Ortiz,  Agapito,  390 
Ortiz,  Antonio,  grant,  201 
Ortiz,  Casimiro,  390 
Ortiz,  Cristobal,  180 
Ortiz,  Francisco,  25,  88,  207,  370 
Ortiz,  Francisco  Xavier,  381 
Ortiz,  Caspar,  25,  grant,  272 
Ortiz,  Gertrudis,  Teodora,  45 
Ortiz,  Ignacio,  185 

Ortiz,  Jose  Antonio,  15,  28,  29,  45,  180 
Ortiz,  Jose  Francisco,  185 
Ortiz,  Jose  Ignacio,  185 
Ortiz,  Jose  Eafael,  122,  185 
Ortiz,  Jose  Vicente,  30,  180,  350 
Ortiz,  Jose  Vitervo,  143 
Ortiz,  Juan  de  Medina,  123 
Ortiz,  Juan  Rafael,   185,  governor  ad 

interim,  197,  266,  377 
Ortiz,  Marcelino,  123,  213 
Ortiz,  Matias.  180,  196 
Ortiz,  Miguel,  180 
Ortiz,  mine  grant,  185 
Ortiz,  Nazario,  390 
Ortiz,  Nicolas.  74,  111 
Ortiz,  Pablo,  50 
Ortiz,  Ricardo,  390 
Ortiz,  Teodora,  45 
Ortiz,  Tomas,  33,  172 
Ortiz,  Torribio,  106,  178,  210,  211 
Ortiz  y  Delgado.  Francisco,  197,  295 
Ortiz  y  Miera,  Pablo,  272 
Ortiz    Nino  Ladron  de  Guevara,  2 
Ortiz  Nino  Ladron  de  Guevara,  Fran- 
cisco, 178 


Ortiz  Nino  Ladron  de  Guevara,  Nico- 
las, 19,  67,  genealogy,  177,  will,  177, 
178,  316,  317,318 

Otermin,  Don  Antonio  de,  1,  2,  4,  201 

Otero,  Antonio  Jose,  grant,  186,  450, 
451 

Otero,  Juan,  186,  342,  448 

Otero,  Miguel  Antonio,  388 

Otero,  Vicente,  letter,  385 

Pacheco,  Felipe,  lands,  Taos,  121 

Pacheeo,  Francisco,  122 

Pacheco,  Geronimo,  28 

Pacheco,  Isabel,  122 

Pacheco,  Joseph,  190 

Pacheco,  Juan,  188,   189 

Pacheco,  Juan  Jose,  188 

Pacheco,  Marcos,  189 

Pacheco,  Sylvestre,  146,  187 

Pacheco,  Valentina,  104 

Padilla,  Bernardo,   77 

Padilla,    Diego,    31,    187,    grant,    187, 

188,  will,  188,  189,  197,  296,  213 
Padilla,  Estevan,  77 
Padilla,  Francisco,  77,  189 
Padilla,  Jose  Antonio,  193 
Padilla,  Jose  Martin,  196 
Padilla,  Juan,  190 
Padilla,  Juan  Manuel,  111 
Padilla,  Luis,  77 
Padilla,  Maria  Antonia,  197 
Padilla,  Maria  Feliciana,   180 
Padilla,  Pascual,  20 
Padilla,  Rafael,  197 
Padilla,   Victoriano,   143 
Paguati,  Antonio,  181 
Paguati  Purchase,   76,   181,   184,  442, 

443,  444 
Pajarito,  Pascual,  181 
Pajarito  tract,  40,  45,  113,  153,  343 
Pajarito,  Vicente,  181 
Palace  of  the  Governors,  towers,  235, 

repairs,  324,  papers,  324,  328,  344, 

in  1810,  370,  371,  earliest  reference, 

98,  irrigation  ditch,  146 
Palacios,  301 

Palacios  y  Bolivar,  Maria  de,  124 
Palomino,  Tomas,  97,  187,  230 
Pankey,  B.  F.,  96 
Pare j  a,  Manuel  Garcia,  29 
Parkman,  Francis,  13 
Parral,  City  of,  3 
Parrida,  Arroya  de  la,  115 
Partido  del  Bado,   166 
Paruanarimuco,  Comanche  chief,  328 
Pawnee,  villages,  21 
Paz,  Andres  de  la,  205 


INDEX 


519 


Paz,  Marina  de  la,  140 

Pecos,  pueblo  of,  2,  30,  31,  46,  47,  94, 

97,  195,  267,  296,  Comanche  attack, 

391,  441,  466,  467,  468,  478 
Pecos,  river,  46,  47,  49,  94,  95,  96,  97, 

212,  213 
Pelaez,  Jacinto,  204 
Peiia,  Diego  de  la,  113,  163 
Peiia,  Jose  Agustin,  de  la,  77 
Pena,  Jos6  de  la,  193 
Pena,  Josef  Mariano  de  la,  113,  115, 

168 
Pena,  Josef  Migaiel  de  la,  15,  45,  90, 

107,  113,  210 
Pena,  Juan  de  Dios,  113,  143,  193 
Pena  Redonda,  Mattheo,  de,  112,  140, 

164 
Penaseo   Blanco,    de   las   Golondrinas, 

136 
Peiiuela,  Marques  de  la,  8,  66,  83,  146, 

193,  coat  of  arms,  193,  199 
Peralta,  Felipe,  79 
Perea,  Eugenio,  179,  190 
Perea,  Jacinto,  177,  294 
Perea,  Jose,  298 
Perea,  Juan  Casimiro,  241 
Perea,  Juana  de  la,  20 
Perea,  Maria  de,  187 
Perea,  Maria  Manuela,  196 
Perea,  Mariano,  113 
Perea,  Nicolasa,   197 
Perea,  Pedro  Jose,  115,  196 
Pereyro,  Fr.  Josef  Benito,  26 
Perez,  Albino,  governor,  50,  143,  271, 

272,  389 
Perez,  Jose  Miguel,   196 
Pesos  de  la  Tierra,  360 
Phillip  2d,  6 
Picuries,   pueblo,    103,    144,    170.   444, 

463,  478 
Piedra  Lumbre,  141 
Pike,  Zebulon  M.,  21 
Pilabo,  pueblo,  115 
Prneda,  Juan  de  la  Mora,  68,  83,  133, 

188,  199 
Pino,  Felix,  118 
Pino,  heirs  of,  193 
Pino,  Joaquin,  49,  79,  180 
Pino,    Juan    Estevan,    196,    197,    269, 

271,  348,  349 
Pino,  Manuel  Doroteo,  389 
Pino,  Maria  Catarina  de,  164,  165 
Pino,  Mateo,  70 
Pino,   Miguel,   342 

Pino,  Pedro  Bautista,  30,  45,  119,  266 
Pino,   Fr.  Pedro,   156 
Pintto,  Roque  de,  11,  67,  146 


Piro,  pueblos,  78,  79 

Plows,  277 

Pojoaque,  pueblo,  6,  23,  50,  480 

Poiiil,  settlers,  62,  80 

Political  economy,  treatise  on,  346 

Portillo  Urrisola,  Manuel  de,  42 

Potrero  Vie  jo,  4 

Pratt,  George  R.,  196,  270 

Private  land  claims,  484,  491,  court  of, 
492,  502 

Proclamation,  constitution,  1820,  323, 
Kearny,  1846,  327 

Protector  of  Indians,  6 

Provencio,  Francisco,  123 

Provincial  deputation,  46 

Pueblo  Colorado,  101 

Pueblo  Quemado,  25,  28,  43,  44,  74, 
144,  146,  177,  200,  209,  237 

Pueblo  de  Jumanos,  347 

Pueblo  de  San  Antonio  del  Biquiu,  43 

Pueblo  de  San  Antonio  del  Guyquiu, 
43 

Pueblos,  2,  6,  12,  13,  21,  23,  25,  26, 
28,  30,  31,  40,  43,  46,  47,  48,  78,  91, 
92,  94,  141,  378,  379,  380,  education, 
393,  grants,  394,  Sumas,  403,  sales 
of  land,  437,  451,  483 

Puente,  Pedro  de  la,  189 

Puesto  de  la  Cienega,  123 

Puesto  del  Pino,  241 

Puesto  de  Nuestra  Senora  de  la  Sole- 
dad   del  Rio   Arriba,   74 

Quarters,  soldiers',  367 

Quaron,   Lorenzo   Antonio,   189 

Quicksilver,  343 

Quintana,  Coehiti  Indian,  432 

Quintana,  Francisco,  102 

Quintana,  Gabriel,  28 

Quintana,  Jose  Alejandro,  79 

Quintana,  Joseph  de,  152,  153,  200 

Quintana,  Leonisio,  200 

Quintana,  Luis,  73 

Quintana,  Lugarda,  288 

Quintana,  Manuel,  200 

Quintana,  Maria   de  Los  Angeles,  201 

Quintana,  Miguel  de,  102,  153,  201 

Quintana,  Teodosio,  49,  201 

Quiros,  Joseph  de,  6,  7,  8,  279 

Rael,  Eusebio.  169,  heirs,  Sandia,  353 

Rael,  Julian,  383,  384 

Rael,  Jose  Pablo,  45 

Rael,  Juan  Pablo,  353 

Rael,  Maria  Francisca,  238 

Rael,  Nicolas,  45 

Rael  de  Aguilar,  Alonzo  or  Alphonso, 


520  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


1,   7,  8,  9,  10,  heirs,   15,  grant,  16, 

17,   Si,   lieutenant-geueral,   68,    103, 

132,  133,  145,  153,  203,  grant,  203, 

205,  207,  356,  398 
Eael  de  Agiiilar  Antonio,  126 
Eael    de   Aguilar,    Francisco    de,    158, 

294 
Eael  de  Aguilar,  Juan,  153 
Eael  de  Aguilar,  Julian,  27 
Eael  de  Aguilar,  Manuela,  209 
Eael  de  Aguilar,  Nicolas,  210 
Eamirez,  Jorge,  215 
Eamirez,  Santiago,  143,  197 
Eamirez  j  Casanova,  Jose  Serafin,  143 
Eamos,  Manuel,  208 
Eanios,  Ursula,  127,  204 
Eancho  de  Cuberos,  93 
Eancho  de  Peralta,  371 
Eancho  de  Velasquez,  286 
Eascon,  Francisco,  271 
Eascon,  Jose  Ignacio,  30 
Eaynolds,  A.  W.,  96 
Eeal  de  Los  Dolores,  32,  66,  88 
Eeal  de  San  Francisco  del  Tuerto,  175 
Eeligion,  349 

Eendon,  Francisco,  205,  206,  234,  286 
Eendon,   Maria  Estela   Palomino,   211 
Eeneros  de  Posada,  Pedro,  2 
Eevilla  Gigedo,  Conde  de,  329 
Eeyes,  Melchora  de  los,  97 
Eiano,  Canones  de,  119 
Eiafio,  Joseph  de,   154,  206,  207,  208, 

312 
Eiano,  Tagle,  Joseph  de,  286 
Eibera,  Antonio,  209 
Eibera,  Antonio  Jose,  267 
Eibera,  Francisco  de,  147 
Eibera,  Joseph  Manuel,  211 
Eibera,  Juan  de,  66 
Eibera,  Juan  Felipe  de,  133,  206 
Eibera,  Manuel,  213 
Eibera,  Manuel  Antonio,  267 
Eibera,  Maria  Luisa,  213 
Eibera,  Miguel,  213 
Eibera,   Salvador  Matheo   de,   67,   145 
Eibera,  Vicente,  390 
Eibera,  Tomas,  358 
Eico,  Francisco,  145 
Eincon,  Joseph,  158 
Eio  Arriba,  11,  27,  88 
Eio  Chiquito,  27,  67,  126,  132,  138,  188 
Eio  Colorado,  92 
Eio  Colorado   del  Eincon  de  la  Cinta 

a  La  Trinchera,  169 
Eio  Lucero,  170,  171 
Eio  Puerco,  settlers,  41,  42,  128,  162, 

189 


Eio  de  Chama,  133 

Eio  de  Las  Trampas,  83,  207 

Eio  del  Oso,  127 

Eios,  Gaspar  Gutierrez  de  los,  146 

Eios,  Juan  de  los,  204,  313 

Eivas  Palacio,  13 

Eoa  y  Carillo,  Francisco,  de,  77,  103, 
155,  207 

Eobledo,  Lucia  Gomez,  238 

Eobledo,  Maria  Gomez,  235 

Eoche,  Maiia  de  la,  145 

Eodelo,  Juan,  27,  203 

Eodriguez  Cubero,  Don  Pedro,  gov- 
ernor, 130,  131 

Eodriguez,  Felipe,  138,  204 

Eodriguez,  Francisco  Xavier,  210 

Eodriguez,  Getrudes,  86 

Eodriguez,  Isidor,  211 

Eodriguez,  Joseph,  6,  33,  74,  279 

Eodriguez,  Juan,  206 

Eodriguez,  Juan  Antonio,  211 

Eodriguez,  Juan  Felipe,  71 

Eodriguez,  Lorenzo,  205 

Eodriguez,  Manuel,  210,  211 

Eodriguez,  Marcos,  90,  138,  212 

Eodriguez,  Melchor,  207,  314 

Eodriguez,  Santiago,  93 

Eodriguez,  Sebastian,  310 

Eodriguez,  Vicente,  210,  211,  212 

Eomero,  Andres,   83,  207 

Eomero,  Baltazar,  100,  206,  279,  283, 
350,  362,  399 

Eomero,  Diego,  83,  84,  207,  210 

Eomero,  Domingo,  413,  416 

Eomero,  Felipe,  27,  43 

Eomero,  Fernando,  238 

Eomero,  Francisco,  83,  210 

Eomero,  Francisco  Xavier,  205,  207, 
210 

Eomero,  Juan  Jose,  206 

Eomero,  Jose  Dolores,  215 

Eomero,  Jose  Guadalupe,  213,  215 

Eomero,  Juan,  74,  356 

Eomero,  Juan  Bautista,  211 

Eomero,  Juan  Domingo,  296 

Eomero,  Juan  de  Dios,  208,  315 

Eomero,  Juana,  209 

Eomero,  Juana  Maria,  206 

Eomero,  Luis,  Picuries  Indians,  311 

Eomero,  Maria,  84.  210 

Eomero,  Maria  Eosalia,  210 

Eomero,  Matias,  206 

Eomero,   Miguel,   211,   212,   413-416 

Eomero,  Pablo,  168,  213 

Eomero,  Pablo  Antonio,  168 

Eomero  de  Pedraza,  Francisco,  5,  33, 
144 


INDEX 


521 


Eomero,  Santiago,  205 

Eomo  de  Vera,  Joseph,  103,  207,  314 

Eon  y  Thobar,  Vicente  Gtnzo,  127 

Eosa,  Manuel  de  la,  157 

Eoubidoux,  Antonio,  215 

Eoyal   decrees,   319,   orders,   328,   330, 

342,  349,  392,  394,   Suraas  Indians, 

402 
Eoybal,   Ignacio,    146,    147,    159,   204, 

205,  206 
Eoybal,  Jose  Maria,  31 
Eoybal,  Juana,  211 
Eoybal,  Manuela,  212 
Eoybal,  Eafael,  31 
Eoybal,  Santiago,  77,  209,  238,  294 
Eoybal,  Tomas,  209,  294 
Eoybal,  Vicente,  123,  213 
Eoxas,  Pedro  de,  4,  100,  133,  355 
Eubin  de  Zelis,  Alonzo  Victores,  25 
Euiz,  Antonio  Villegas,  113 

Sabinal,  inhabitants,  240 

Sabinos  Altos,  301 

Sacramento,  river,  3 

Saenz,  Domingo,  361 

Saenz  de  Garvisu,  Juan,  278 

Saenz  de   Garvisu,  Juana  de  la  Cruz, 

239 
Saenz  de  Garvisu,  Manuel,  178 
Saes,  Agustin,  6,  234,  266,  278 
Sais,  Francisco,  237,  197,  205,  237 
Sais,  Joseph  Antonio,  241 
Sais,  Juliana,  197 
Salaises,  Joseph,  30,  267 
Salas,  Joseph,  235 
Salas,  Sebastian  de,  187,  278 
Salazar,  Antonio  de,  67,  73,  134,  142, 

232,  237,  240 
Salazar,  Joseph,  240 
Salazar,  Juan  Angela,  240 
Salazar,  Juan  Domingo,  270 
Salazar,  Pablo,  210 
Salazar,  Santiago,  316 
Salcedo,  Nemesio.  30,  349,  370,  319 
Sales  of  land,  pueblos,  437 
Samorra,  Jose,  316 
Samorra,  Jose  Eafael,  Pecos,  267 
San  Andres  de  Los  Padillas,  77 
San  Antonio  de  Carnue,  118 
San  Antonio  de  Mora,  319 
San  Antonio  de  Padua  del  Pueblo  Que- 

mado,  237 
San  Antonio  del  Embudo,  161 
San  Buenaventura  de  Chimayo,  107 
San  Buenaventura  de  Cochiti,  74,  392 
San  Carlos,  328 
San  Carlos  de  Alameda,  86 


San  Clemente,  141,  142 

San  Cristobal,  grant,  94,  98 

San  Cristobal,  pueblo,  483 

San  Diego  de  Tesuque,  pueblo,  40 

San  Felipe,  pueblo,  34,  46,  79,  87,  93, 

116,    117,   118,   151,    185,   267,   300. 

316,   358,   416,   422,   439,   446,   465, 

478 
San  Fernando  del  Eio  Puerco,  162,  189 
San  Francisco  de  Sandia,  127 
San  Francisco,  street,  10,  99 
San     Francisco     Xavier     del     Bosque 

Grande,  98 
San  Francisco  Xavier  del  Pueblo  Que- 

mado,  27,  74,  208 
San  Gabriel,  pueblo,  26 
San  Gabriel  de  Las  Nutrias,  177,  210. 

211 
San  Geronimo  de  Taos,  83,  84,  148,  149, 

150.  151,  342,  413 
San  Ildefonzo,  204,  381,  394,  395,  396, 

403-5,  406,  413,  416-21,  480 
San  Jose  de  la  Laguna,  180,  181 
San  Jose  de  Las  Huertas,  79,  114 
San  Jose  del  Bado  del  Eio  Pecos,  266 
San  Jose  del  Encinal,  44 
San  Josef  de  Garcia,  raneho,  293 
San  Joseph,  Maria  de,  206 
San  Joseph  de  Chama,  85 
San  Joseph  de  Los  Corrales,  127 
San  Juan,  pueblo,  2,  462,  463 
San  Juan  de  Los  Caballeros,  145,  176. 

177,  440,  478 
San  Lazaro,  Sierra  de,  32 
San  Lorenzo,  189 
San  Lorenzo  de  Picuries,  170 
San  Lorenzo  de  la  Toma  del  Eio  del 

Norte,  201 
San  Lorenzo  del  Eeal  de  Dolores,  86 
San  Marcos,  171,  172,  301,  319 
San   Miguel   del   Bado,   45.    196,   329. 

389,  ayuntamiento,  49,  50,  301,  344 
San  Miguel  del  Socorro,  298 
San  Pedro  de  Cliamita,  80 
San  Pedro,  tract,  345 
San  Pedro  de  Chama.  42,  160 
San  Pedro  de  Chamita,  80 
Santa  Ana,  92,  116,  117,  118,  342,  358, 

359, 399,  422-428,  439,  482 
Santa  Ana  del  Sabinal,  122 
Santa    Anna,   General   Antonio   Lopez 

de,  275,  392 
Santa  Barbara,  106,  239,  grant,  239 
Santa    Barbara    de   la    Junta    de   Los 

Bios,  239 
Santa   Clara,   Caiiada,   283,   312,    371, 

403-5,  416-421 


522  THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


Santa  Clara,  pueblo,   13,   77,   78,  280, 

282,  479 
Santa  Ci-uz  de  La  Canada,  4,  7,  11,  15, 

45,  66,  68,  74,  75,  80,  south  of  river, 

182,  205,  241,  242,  264 
Santa  Cruz  del  Ojo  Caliente,  27,  237 
Santa  Fe,  ayuntamiento,  30,  143,  185, 

proceedings,    187.   names,   187,    197, 

266,  275,  381,  cabildo,  5,  10,  87,  123, 

143 
Santa  Fe,  city,  1,  4,  Cienega,  10,  11, 

21,  grant,  215,  228,  cabildo  archives, 

330,  338,  houses,  350,  377,  reservoir, 

389,   property  owners,  389,  petition 

for  lands,  390 
Santa  Fe,  river,  82 
Santa  Getrudis,  319 
Santa  Rosa  de   Abiquiii,  162 
Santa  Eosa  de  Cubero,  92 
Santa  Rosa  de  Lima.  103 
Santa  Rosalia  del  Vallecito,  316 
Santa  Teresa  de  Jesus,  159 
,  Santa  Toribib  de  Jemez,  114 
Sandoval,  Agapito,   273 
Sandoval,  Andres,  238 
Sandoval,  Antonia,  239 
Sandoval,  Diego,  273 
Sandoval.  Francisco,  272 
Sandoval,  Grefiforio,  27,  237 
Sandoval,  Jose,  143 
Sandoval,  Juan,  238 
Sandoval,  Juan  Josef.  27,  41 
Sandoval,  Junn  Joseph.  74 
Sandoval.  Juliana.  240 
Sandoval,  Maria  de  Los  Dolores,  50 
Sandoval,  Matias,  266 
Sandoval,  Melchora.  238 
Snndovnl.  Miguel  de  Dios,  238 
Sandoval,  Nicolas,  33 
Sandoval,  Pedro  de,  230 
Sandoval,  Phelipe,  43,   162,   193,   238, 

266,  278,  421,  423 
Sandoval,  Salvador  de,  90 
Sandoval,  Santiago,  49 
Sandoval  Martinez,  Juan  de  Dios.  279 
Sandoval  Martinez,  Miguel  de,  356 
Sandoval  y  Manzanares,  Ana  de,  141 
Sandoval  y  Manzanares,  Mateo  de,  141 
Sangil.  Marcial  Martin,  164 
Sanguijuela,  301 
Santistievan,  Alejandro,  270 
Santistievan,  Antonio  de,  234 
Santistievan,  Joseph  de,  233 
Santistievan,  Salvador  de,  67,  133,  231, 

278 
Sapello,  89,  380 


Sarracino,  Francisco,  governor,  50,  385 

Sarracino,  Jose  Rafael,  113 

Sarracinol,  Juan  Jose,  272 

Sausal,  193 

Scolly,  John,  grant,  270,  276 

Sebastian,  Fr.  Antonio,  392 

Sebolleta,  30,  32 

Sedano,  Antonio,  126 

Sedano,  Joseph,  152,  316 

Sedano,  Josepha,  135,  152,  188 

Sedillo,  Antonio,  44,  70,  181 

Sedillo,  Joaquin  de,  70,  grant,  71 

Sedillo,  Juana  de,  70 

Segura,  Juan,  201,  266 

Segura,  Simon,  239 

Selorga,  Maria  de,  233 

Sena,  Antonio  de,  28,  270 

Sena,  Bernardino  de,  9,  21,  231,  233, 

234,  235,  238 
Sena,  Felipe,  267,  270 
Sena,  Francisco  de,  238 
Sena,  Jose  Francisco,  329 
Sena,  Josepha,  89 
Sena,  Juan  Diego,  143 
Sena,  Manuel,  270,  271 
Sena,  Maria  Franeisca  de,  237,  239 
Sena,  Maria  Tomasa,  237 
Sena,  Matias,  266,  350 
Sena,  Miguel,  80,  271 
Sena,  Rafael,  266,  271 
Sena,  Tomas,  180,  239 
Sena,  Vicente  de,  112,  163,  237 
Senecu,  360 

Serna,  Antonia  de  la,  88 
Serna,  Cristobal  de  la,  83,  207,  210,  231 
Serna,  Joseph  de  la,  211 
Serna,  Juana  de  la,  84 
Serna,  Sebastiana  de  la,  84 
Serrano,  Bias  Martin,  178 
Serrano,  Domingo  Martin,  203,  231 
Serrano,  Francisco  Perez,  93,  180 
Serrano,  Miguel  Martin,  158,  235,  284 
Serrano,  Pedro  Martin,  141,  240 
Serrito  de  Lara,  21 
Servantes,  Manuel  de,  231 
Settlements,  325,  349,  367,  instructions 

to  Cruzate,  394 
Sevilleta,  grant,  79,  350 
Shapellote  (Sapello),  89 
Silva,  Antonio  de,  30,  100,  230 
Silva,  Francisco  de,  234 
Silva,  Jose,  123 
Silva,  Juan,  123 
Silva,  Juan  Jose,  241,  265 
Silva,  Maria,  105,  235 
Silva,  Maria  Polonia,  266 
Silva,  Santiago,  113 


INDEX 


523 


Sisneros,  Antonio,  68,  73,  166 

Sisneros,  Heremenigildo,  68 

Sisneros,  Juan  Pedro,  158 

Sisneros,  Juana,  68,  238 

Sisneros,  Maria  Manuela,  166 

Sisneros,  Phelipe  Nerio,  68,  106 

Sisneros,  Roman,  123 

Socorro,  79,  115,  266,  348,  350 

Solano,  Antonio,  164 

Soldiers'  quarters,  367 

Soledad,  329 

Sopena,  Fr.  Manuel  de,  153 

Sossa  Canela,  Juana  de,  67 

Springer,   Frank,   argument,  Maxwell, 

laud  grant  case,  53-60 
Stamped  paper,  law,  349 
Sumas,  Indians,  397,  402 
Supreme  Tribunal  of  Justice,  49,  50 

Tafoya,  Altamirano  Cristobal,  280 

Tafoya,  Altamirano  Juan,  282 

Tafoya,  Antonio,  68,  106,  139,  279, 
280,  282,  283,  286,  295 

Tafoya,  Cristobal,  68,  100.  279,  284 

Tafoya,  Felipe,  29,  43,  73,  105,  106, 
139.  286,  294,  295 

Tafoya,  Getrudes,  298 

Tafoya,  Ignacio,  297 

Tafoya,  Jose,  298 

Tafoya,  Juan,  42,  68,  280,  283,  294 

Tafoya,  Lugarda,  44,  240,  281 

Tafoya,  Maria,  102,  281 

Tafoya,  Miguel,  240,  294 

Tafoya,  Pedro,  112,  138,  209 

Tafoya,  Pedro  Antonio,   138 

Tajique,  settlers,  387 

Taiache  Coyote,  210 

Tamaris,  Felipe,  15,  110,  279,  281,  284 

Tamaris,  Francisco,  281 

Tamaris.  Joseph,    102 

Taos,  pueblo,  26,  29,  83.  121,  ayun- 
tamiento,  143,  170,  Comanche  at- 
tack, 200,  265.  348.  fences,  361, 
water  rights,  380,  428,  432.  479 

Tapia,  Cristobal,  295 

Tapia,  Josef,   114 

Tapia,  Maria  de,  66 

Tapia,  Tomas  de,  84,  286 

Tecolote.  297,  328 

Tehua,  27 

Teieda,  Dimas  Xiron  de,  81 

Teiles,  Manuel,  295 

Tenorio,  Cayetano,   286 

Tenorio,  Josepha,   294 

Tenorio,  Teresa,  288 

Tenorio  de  Alya,  Manuel,  38,  296 

Tenorio  de  Alya,  Matthias,  140 


Tenorio  de  Alva,  Miguel,  6,  7,  8,  68, 

83,    104,    131,    136,    140,    131,    136, 

140,  279,  295 
Territorial  Assembly,  51,   298 
Territorial  Deputation,   50,   79,  80 
Terrus,  Jose  Francisco,  32 
Terrus,  Joseph  de,  36,  38,  72,  83,  103, 

287 
Tesuque,  pueblo,  479,  riyer,  29 
Tesuque,  San  Diego  de,  40,  45 
Thanos,  253,  263,  264 
Thorre,  Joseph  Antonio  de  la,  155 
Tierra  Amarilla,  168,  report,  325 
Tipton,  Will  M.,  4,  118 
Titles,  grants,  362 
Tlascalan,  Indians,  36 
Toledo,  Fray  Juan  Jose,  26,  105,  110 
Tome  Dominguez,  142 
Tome  tract,   43,  45,   inhabitants,   241, 

grant,  285,  286,  343 
Torres,  Carlos,  33 
Torres,  Cayetano,  295 
Torres,  CVistobal,     grant,     127,     135, 

heirs,  296,  280 
Torres,  Diego,  73,  142,  176,  206,  283 
Torres,  Francisco,  89 
Torres.  Francisco  Antonio,  350 
Torres,  .lose.  89,  293,  294 
Torres,  Josef  Antonio,  284 
Torres,  Josefa,  284 
Torres,  Juan  Geronimo,  122 
Torres,  Manuel,  71 
Torres,  Marcos,  294 
Torres,  Martin,  294,  315 
Torres,  Ramon,  80,  heirs,  384 
Torres,  Salvador,  156,  284 
Tostado,  Jose  Alyarez,  349 
Tournier,  Juan,  66 
Troncoso,  Vicente,  86,  110,  296 
Trujillo,  Antonio,  133,  grant,  134,  288 
Trujillo,  Baltazar,  6,  7,  281,  282 
Trujillo,  Barbara,  296 
Trujillo,  Bartolome,  85,  138,  142,  158, 

284.  293 
Trujillo.  Bernardino,   286 
Trujillo,  Bias.  288 
Trujillo,  Cristobal,  97 
Trujillo,  Diego,  278 
Trujillo,  Francisca,  29,  288 
Trujillo,  Francisco,  284,  294,  296,  297, 

349,  356 
Trujillo,  Getrudis,   294 
Trujillo,  Jose,  279 
Trujillo,  Jose  Manuel,  80,  296,  298 
Trujillo,  Joseph,  7.  72,  296 
Trujillo,  Josepha,  288 
Trujillo,  Juan,  8,  84,  278,  288 


524   THE  SPANISH  ARCHIVES  OF  NEW  MEXICO 


Trujillo,  Lorenzo,  311 
TTujillo,  Manuel,  295,  298 
Trujillo,  Marcela,  28,  238 
Trujillo,  Maria,  237 
Trujillo,  Maria  Trancisca,  295 
Trujillo,  Mariano,  296 
Trujillo,  Mateo,  279,  311 
Trujillo,  Paseual,  82,  231,  279 
Trujillo,  Pedro,  288 
Trujillo,  Pedro  Antonio,  104,  288 
Trujillo,  Santiago,  111 
Trujillo,  Sebastiana,  11,  205 
Turquoise  Mines,  12 

Ugarte,  Diego  de,  101,  154 
Ugarte  y  Loyola,  Jacobo,  392 
Ulibarri,  Antonio  de,  281,  300 
Ulibarri,  Juan    de,    66,   94.    101,    127, 

195,  196,  204,  298,  299 
Ulibarri,  Santiago,  49 
Unanuez,  Juan    Antonio    de,    82,    101, 

109,  153,  154 
Unanuez,  Juan  Cayetano,  300 
Unanuez,  Phelipe  Jacobo  de,  105 
United  States,  colonists  from,  391 
United  States  v.  San  Pedro  Co.,  345 
Uribarri,  Antonio   de,   10,  20,  21,  38, 

40,  82,  300 
Uribarri,  Jose  Francisco,  301 
Urioste,  Tomas.  301 
Urquidi,  Joseph  de,  348 
Utes,  Indians,  26 

Vaca,  Jose,  42 

Vaca,  Manuel,  71,  81 

Valdez,  Antonio  Feliz,  La  Vandera,  85 

Valdez,  Domingo,  314 

Valdez,  Ignacio,  296 

Valdez,  Joseph  Luis  de,  66 

Valdez,  Juan  Lorenzo,  296 

Valdez,  Los,  235 

Valdez,  Eosalia,  296 

Valdez  y  Bustos,  Francisco,  188 

Valencia  county,  30 

Valle,  Francisco  del,  193 

Valle  de    Santa    detrudes    de    Lo    de 

Mora,  80,  89,  172,  273 
Vallecito,  grant,  114,  316,  349,  370 
Vallecito  de  Xenies,  114,  316 
Valerio,  Felix,  315 
Valerio,  Manuel,  142,  314 
Valverde,  Jose  Antonio,  316 
Valverde,  Josepha,  127 
Valverde  Nicolas  de,  67,  134,  278 
Valverde  de  Cossio,  Antonio  de,  310 
Varela,  Antonio,  314 
Varela,  Benito,  123 


Varela,  Eusebio,  45 

Varela,  Jose,   45 

Varela,  Jose  Manuel,  28 

Varela,  Mariano,  66 

Vasquez,  Pascuala,  295 

Veccia  Diego  de,  33,  97 

Vega  y  Coca,  Maria  de  la,  43 

Vega  y  Coca,  Miguel  Josef  de  la,  124 

136,  178,  188 
Velarde,  Joseph  Manuel,  315 
Velarde,  Miguel  316 
Velasco,  Diego   de,   66,  313 
Velasco,  Micaela  de,  126,  310 
Velasquez,  Antonio,  311,  313 
Velasquez,  Diego  de,  99,  113 
Velasquez,  Francisco,  310 
Velasquez   (Blasquez),  Joseph,  99 
Velasquez,  Manuel,  286  313 
Velo,  Santiago,  149 
Venavides,  Domingo  de,  44 
Vergara,  Ignacio  Sanchez  de,  114,  316, 

327,  350,  436,  439 
Vevtia,  Manuela  de,  74 
Vial,  Pedro,  will,  315 
A^iceroy,  New  Spain,  Indians,  397 
Victoria,  Guadalupe,  394 
Vigil,  Donaciano,  governor,  61 
Vigil,  Francisco,  127,  142 
Vigil,  Juan  Nepomuceno,  47 
Vigil,  Manuel,  29 
Villasur,  Pedro  de,  15,  100 
Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  84,  228, 

229,  241,  264 
Villanueva,  Don  Vicente,  30 
Villapando,  Pablo  Francisco,  178 
Villapando,  Maria  Antonio,  210 
Villareal,  Clara  de,  314 
Virgen,  Joseph  de  la,  67 
Viscaya,  Province,  3 
Vitton,  Jose  Gabriel,  27 

Weavebs'  Bend,  81 

Xaramillo,  Cristobal,  82,  206 

Xaramillo,  Geronimo,  19,  213 

Xaramillo,  Getrudes,  158 

Xaramillo,  Joseph,  313,  345 

Xaramillo.  Luiz,  128 

Xaramillo,  Maria  de  La  Luz,  362 

Xaramillo,  Salvador,  119 

Xemez,  pueblo,  311,  rancho,  316.  342, 

360,  370 
Xiron,  Antonia,   127 
Xiron,  Antonio,  179 
Xiron,  Vicente,  284 
Xiron  de  Texeda,  Dimas.  1.53,  355 

Yunque,  pueblo,  135,  299 


INDEX  525 

Za-ES,  Francisco,  107  Zembrano,  Fray  Manuel,  103 

Zaino,  Diego,  279  Zena,  Bernardo  de,  112 

Zanez,  Manuel,  43  Zia,  pueblo,  2,  75,  92,  342,  480,  481 

Zanez,  Manuel  Garvisu,  43  Zisneros,  Francisco,  293 

Zapata,  Antonio  Maldonado,  306  Zuloaga,  Manuel  Jose,  349 

Zaragosa,    Nuestra   Senora   del   Pilar  Zuni,  pueblo,  483 
de,  1 


^ 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  AT  LOS  ANGELES 

THE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 

This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

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This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


JUNO 3 198?   ^^. 

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